GSM

Services

GSM Vs CDMA

CDMA N/W Architecture

Main

Exchange

R

L

U

BTS

Copper Cable 3-4 Km

For Wire-line Access

V5.2 Interface

1 Set of V5.2 interface can accommodate 16 BTS. One E1 per BTS i.e. more Tx BWCustomer of one set of V5.2 area cant roam in other set of V5.2, therefore limited mobilityV5.2 does not support MAP, hence not so versatile as A-Interface to allow full Roaming

Zone - A

Outside Zone - A

Other Network

Access Network

Local Exchange

Local Exchange

Local Exchange

CDMA Ground Rules

A CDMA Exchange is required to be connected for PoI (Point of Interconnect) to all Levels of Exchange in a particular area which adds complexity and cost of setting up & maintaining the NetworkGSM Network, in contrast, is expected to be connected for PoI at only one place i.e. TAX

GSM N/W Architecture

MSC

A-Interface

BSC

BTS

Note:

A-Interface can accommodate as many BTS as you want limited by required GoS. Complete Mobility & Roaming is possibleMultiple BTS per E1 possible hence less transmission bandwidth required

A B is interface

A B is interface

Other Network (BSNL)

Access Network

Level

Tax

Reliance CDMA Network

Licence to provide basic service (Limited Mobility) using WiLL technology in 17 telecom circles including Gujarat.WiLL phone are only allowed to work in SDCA as per licence agreement.SDCA is Short Distance Charging Area as defined by DoT. Generally equivalent to city/town or talukas.Gujarat has 161 SDCAs. Therefore whole network will be geographically divided in 161 zones/talukas and phone of one city/town will not work in another area. For Eg. WiLL-CDMA phone of Abad will not work in Gnagar or visa versa. WiLL-CDMA of Baroda will not work in Waghodia, Padra or Sevallia.There will be no highway coverage.

More Capacity?

A typical CDMA (1.25 Mhz) carries offers 760 subscribers (0.1 Er/sub, 360 sec) Basic service network subscribe to expected to use more of the network. Traffic for subscribers is 5 times more to mobile network. One of the reason of high usage (talk time) is MT free. Cellular Network (GSM) typical cell capacity (2+2+2) 1230 (441) (20mE/sub, 72 sec)

Capacity has no issue in GSM

More Capacity?

A typical CDMA (1.25 Mhz) carries offers 760 subscribers (0.1 Er/sub, 360 sec) Basic service network subscribe to expected to use more of the network. Traffic for subscribers is 5 times more to mobile network. One of the reason of high usage (talk time) is MT free. Cellular Network (GSM) typical cell capacity (2+2+2) 1230 (441) (20mE/sub, 72 sec)

Capacity has no issue in GSM

Spectrum Efficiency?

CDMA

Code division multiple access (CDMA) uses the frequency spread spectrum method for radio network. Naturally has edge on GSM/TDMA radio network Accommodate almost infinite no. of cells in 1.25 MHz bandwidth

GSM

Usage FDMA/TDMA technology of 200Khz spacing with 32 (AFRCN) carrier in 6.2 Mhz bandwidth 6.2 bandwidth allotted per city can support 0.4 million subscriber per city Regional GSM network has no issue on spectrum

GSM Success Factors

Large handset base Short message Services (SMS) Global roaming Open standard environment

GSM Success Factors

Large handset base extremely wide variety

Mobile phones are today already part of daily life world-wide. Wide range of mobile phones for all types of customers available.

GSM Success Factors

Large handset base extremely wide variety

FrequencyVendorsTypes of Phones *900/1800900/1800/1900900/1900800/1900800/1800/190050228445516015114

GSM Success Factors

Large handset base extremely wide variety

Mobile phones are today already part of daily life world-wide. Wide range of mobile phones for all types of customer available. 750 million subscribers : full economy of scale Full world-wide interoperability granted.

GSM Success Factors

Short Message Service (SMS)

Many operators are generating nearly 1/3 of their revenue from SMS

1995

1997

1999

2002

360 Billion

GSM Success Factors

Global roaming

No restriction automatic roaming (Other technologies non-existent or user-unfriendly) Same number / same phone world wide (India does belong to the global community) Excellent revenue source significant income of some 14% (other technologies : 0.5 1.0%) Sometimes more roamers than subscribers

GSM Success Factors

Open Standard Environment

Right from the beginning of GSM the interfaces were designed to be open more room for competition. (More than 30billion US $ are invested in R&D in 2002 only) Large number of OSS suppliers in the market GSM has created an mobile application developers community of more than 1,000,000 world-wide huge export potential for Indian application developers GSM first network deployed in the year 1991. In a span of 12 years technology is fully matured and robust. Highly compatible and inter-operatability across the globe VAS strength of smart card /Sim card

Services

Mobile ServicesGSMCDMASMSMMS EmailInfotainmentGamingLocation based servicesPersonalizationM-commerceMobile officeInternational roamingLimitedx

Openness

GSM/W-CDMA Very standardized Large community of vendors, operators and developers (669 members)Interoperability/ roaming forumsPrimary focus is on standardized developmentCDMA Patented technology Number of CDG members = 110 Interoperability issues Primary focus is on marketing the benefits of the technology

GSM v CDMA

AttributeGSM/W-CDMA routeCDMA routeSummarySize of user baseStrength of its standardizationRapid development path; benefits from a strong advocate in Qualcomm.Voice capacityAMR and other steps claim to quadruple voice capacityVoice capacity doubles with cdam 1xDate speedGPRS = 25-40 kbits/sEDGE = 80-160 kbits/sCDMA 2000 1x=50-80 kbits/sTime to marketGPRS widely deployed but slow in market developmentGood availability of handsetsNot well established in some marketsGood availability of handsets

GSM v CDMA

AttributeGSM/W-CDMA routeCDMA routeMarket size-scale economiesWorldwide subscriber base of 748 million669 GSM Association members in 184 countriesWorldwide subscribers base of 130 million, 17 million cdma200 subscribers110 members in the CDG as of October 2002StandardizationMuch of the strength of GSM development is in its adherence to standardsWhilst having its own standardization program in 3GPP2, much of the service and application development is proprietaryMigration pathsMigration to EDGE with smoothness, simplicity and backwards compatibilityClaim to upgrade to W-CDMA with smoothnessClaim to upgrade with smoothness , simplicity and backwards compatibilityUnity of purposeStrong sense of community in W EuropeActive marketing about the benefits of the technology

GSM Advantages

Wide-spread deployment of GSM technology better footprint Large subscriber base International and National roaming in GSM PLMNs practically existing One subscriber in the same sector is never an interferer to another in the sector Easily available and economical handsets with variety of features Mature and tested technology

CDMA Advantages

Robustness to channel Virtue of unique code, can operate with C/I -10 ~ -17 dB Soft Handoffs less probability of call drops Ease of cellular planning No restrictions of freq. Reuse, no pattern of reuse, less sites required due to large coverage VAD Voice activity detection, CDMA system transmits signals only when the user starts conversation Soft capacity CDMA capacity is Interference Limited Data transmission capacity CDMA 1K supports 64 to 140 Kbps, CDMA 2000 (3 G) supports up to 2 Mbps CDMA supports 24 to 35 channels per TRX. That means more capacity per carrier frequency

CDMA Disadvantages

Non-linearity produces Code Channel Interference Uniqueness of each user code needs to be strictly maintained. Lack of orthogonal leads to unrecoverable signal BTS peak power limit the transmit and and receive capacity. 20 to 35 calls/sector One subscriber in the same sector will be an interferer to another in the same sector

GSM

Today & Way Forward

Traditional GSM

Enhanced Full rate ( EFR) 4/12 MRP technique

Most of today GSM networks + 150% capacity

Capacity using state of art network planning of existing GSM feature.

1/1 reuse I.e. all frequencies are used in all cells (FLP from Ericsson)

Deployed and tested in Indian Market (Delhi and Pune)

+ 100% capacity

Adoptive Multi-rate half rate (AMR) Doubling the voice capacity and quality. All most EFR Quality

+ 100% capacity

Adaptive antennas

Selective radiation both down link and up link

Way Forward

Step 1

Introduced GPRS

Few additional nodes (SGSN & GGSN ) and minor modifications required in existing network

Step 2

Introduced EDGE

Way Forward

GSM

9.6 kbps

GPRS

115 kbps

384 kbps

EDGE

Data rates

TDMA

IS 136 B

GSM

PDC

IS 95 A

CDMA 2000 1x

CDMA 2000

GPRS

EDGE

W CDMA

IS 95 B

2 G

2.5 G

3 G

Wireless Technology Evolution

Evolution of Services and Application

10 Kbps

100 Kbps

1 Mbps

10 Mbps

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

Services

Voice

E-mail

E-newspaper Images / sound files

Telebanking Financial services

Teleshopping

Video telephony

Video conferencing

Database access Info services

Conclusion

95% of the worlds countries have adopted GSM

(No GSM operator has migrated to CDMA)

Over 500 GSM network in 184 countries are on air

(CDMA : 100)

Over 750 million GSM subscribers world wide

(CDMA : 41 decisions)

More than 200 GPRS networks are on air

(CDMA : 41 decisions)

Nearly 75% of all new subscribers in 2002 decided for GSM

Conclusions & Recommendations

Network capacity / speed-not the main issue Suppliers for different services- not the main issue Cost-not the main issue (we believe) But capex is dependent on many factors Openness of standards-important Operators strategy important

Thanks.