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7/29/2019 GSSP table stratigraphy
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GSSP Table - All PeriodsGlobal Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the International Commission of Stratigraphy
StageAge (Ma)
CGTS 2008GSSP Location
Latitude,Longitude
BoundaryLevel
Correlation Events Status Reference
Phanerozoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
Quaternary System
Holocene Series
Holocene
Stage
0.011784NorthGRIP icecore, central
Greenland
75.1000N
42.3200W
1492.45m depthin Borehole
NGRIP2
Climatic -- End of theYounger Dryas cold spell,which is reflected in a
shift in deuterium excessvalues
Ratified 2008
Episodes 31/2,2008; J.Quaternary Sci.,
Vol. 24 pp. 317,2009
Pleistocene Series
TarantianStage
0.126
Amsterdam-Terminalborehole,Netherlands
52.3792N4.9144E
63.5 m belowsurface
Climatic -- Base of theEemian interglacial stage(= base of marine isotopestage 5e) before finalglacial episode ofPleistocene. Base ofTyrrhrenian regionalstage of Mediterranean
Accepted byICS in 2008, onhold by IUGS
Episodes 31/2,2008
Ionian Stage 0.781
Candidatesections in Italy(MontalbanoJorica or Valle diManche) andJapan (Chiba)
Magnetic -- Brunhes-Matuyama magneticreversal (base of Chron1n)
Anticipated2009
CalabrianStage
1.806 Vrica, Italy39.0385N17.1348E
base of themarineclaystoneoverlying thesapropelicmarker Bed 'e'(MediterraneanPrecessionRelatedSapropel, MPRS176)
Magnetic -- ~15 kyr afterend of Olduvai (C2n)normal polarity chron
Ratified 1985Episodes 8/2, p.116 120, 1985
GelasianStage
2.588Monte SanNicola, Sicily,Italy
37.1469N14.2035E
base of marlylayer overlyingsapropel MPRS250
Magnetic --Matuyama/Gaussboundary (C2r/C2An) is1m below GSSP. GSSPlevel is within MarineIsotope Stage 103.
Ratified 1996Episodes 21/2, p.8287, 1998
Neogene System
Pliocene Series
PiacenzianStage
3.6Punta Piccola,Sicily, Italy
37.2889N13.4933E
base of thebeige marl bedof small-scalecarbonate cycle77 (MPRS 347)
Magnetic -- Gauss/Gilbert(C2An/C2Ar) magneticreversal is recordedimmediately above theGSSP
Ratified 1997Episodes 21/2, p.8893, 1998
Zanclean
Stage5.332
Eraclea Minoa,
Sicily, Italy
37.3917N
13.2806E
base of theTrubi Formationwhich
corresponds toInsolation cycle510
Magnetic -- base of theThvera magnetic event(C3n.4n) is only 96 kyr (5precession cycles)younger than the GSSP.
Ratified 2000Episodes 23/3, p.
179 187, 2000
Miocene Series
MessinianStage
7.246Oued Akrech,Morocco
33.9369N6.8125W
reddish layer ofsedimentarycycle number 15
Planktonic foraminiferfirst regular occurrence ofGloborotalia miotumida,and calcareousnannofossil FAD
Amaurolithus delicatus
Ratified 2000Episodes 23/3, p.172 178, 2000
TortonianStage
11.608Monte dei CorviBeach, near
Ancona, Italy
43.5867N13.5694E
mid-point ofsapropel layer ofbasic cyclenumber 76.
Calcareous nannofossillast common occurrenceofDiscoaster kugleri
Ratified 2003Episodes 28/1, p.6 - 17, 2005
SerravallianStage
13.82
Ras il Pellegrinsection, Fomm Ir-Rih Bay, westcoast of Malta
35.9139N14.3361E
formationboundarybetween theGlobigerinaLimestone andBlue Clay
Oxygen-isotopic event(global cooling episode)Mi3b; near calcareousnannofossil LAD ofSphenolithusheteromorphus
Ratified 2007
LanghianStage
15.97
Potentially inastronomically-tuned ODP core(Leg 154) or inItaly (Moria or LaVedova )
Near planktonicforaminifer FAD ofPraeorbulina glomerosaand top of magneticpolarity chronozoneC5Cn.1n
Burdigalian
Stage
20.43Potentially inastronomically-
tuned ODP core
Near planktonicforaminifer FAD ofGlobigerinoides
altiaperturus or near topof magnetic polaritychronozone C6An
AquitanianStage
23.03
Lemme-CarriosoSection,
AllessandriaProvince, Italy
44.6589N8.8364E
35m from thetop of thesection
Magnetic -- base ofChron C6Cn.2n;planktonic foraminiferFAD ofParagloborotaliakugleri; calcareousnannofossil near LADReticulofenestra bisecta(base Zone NN1);Oxygen isotopic eventMi-1.
Ratified 1996Episodes 20/1, p.23 28, 1997
Paleogene System
Oligocene Series
Chattian Stage 28.4 0.1
Possibly MonteCagnero,Umbria-Marcheregion, Italy
Potentially extinction ofplanktonic foraminiferChiloguembelina (baseForam Zone P21b); or anisotopic/climatic event
RupelianStage
33.9 0.1Massignano,near Ancona,Italy
43.5328N13.6011E
base of a 0.5mthick greenish-grey marl bed19m abovebase of section
Foraminifer LADHantkenina andCribrohantkenina
Ratified 1992Episodes 16/3,p.379 - 382, 2001
Eocene Series
PriabonianStage
37.2 0.1
Alano section,Piave River;Veneto Prealps,Belluno province,N. Italy
Tiziano Bed
Calcareous nannofossilnear FAD Chiasmolithusoamaruensis (base Zone
NP18)
BartonianStage
40.4 0.2
Contessahighway sectionnear Gubio,Central
Apennines, Italy
Calcareous nannofossilnear LADReticulofenestrareticulata
Lutetian Stage 48.6 0.2
candidate isAgost section,Murcia province,Betic Cordilleras,Spain
Planktonic foraminiferFAD ofHantkenina
YpresianStage
55.8 0.2Dababiya, nearLuxor, Egypt
25.5000N32.5311E
base of Bed 1 inDBH subsection
Carbon IsotopeExcursion base, initiationof basal Eocene Thermal
maximum ("PETM")
Ratified 2003
Micropaleontology49/1, p.41 59,2003; Episodes
30/4, p. 271 -286, 2007
Paleocene Series
ThanetianStage
58.7 0.2Zumaia section,northern Spain
43.3006N2.2594W
30.5m abovethe base ofItzurunFormation
Magnetic -- Base ofChron C26n
Ratified 2008
SelandianStage
61.1 0.2Zumaia section,northern Spain
43.3006N2.2594W
base of the redmarls of ItzurunFormation
Onset of a carbonisotope shift and sea-level drop
Ratified 2008
Danian Stage 65.5 0.3Oued Djerfane,west of El Kef,Tunisia
36.1537N8.6486E
reddish layer atthe base of the50cm thick, darkboundary clay
Iridium geochemicalanomaly. Associated witha major extinctionhorizon (dinosaurs,ammonites, foraminifers,
etc.)
Ratified 1991Episodes 29/4, p.263 278, 2006
Mesozoic Era
Cretaceous System
Upper Cretaceous Series
MaastrichtianStage
70.6 0.6Tercis les Bains,Landes, France
43.6795N1.1133W
level 115.2 onplatform IV ofthe geologicalsite at Tercis lesBains
Mean of 12biostratigraphic criteria ofequal importance.Closely above is FAD ofammonite Pachydiscusneubergicus. Borealproxy is FAD ofbelemnite Belemnellalanceolata.
Ratified 2001Episodes 24/4, p.229 238, 2001
CampanianStage 83.5 0.7
candidates are in
southern Englandand in Texas
Crinoid LAD Marsupitestestudinarius
SantonianStage
85.8 0.7
candidates areOlazagutia(Spain) and Ten-Mile Creek(Texas)
Inoceramid bivalve FADCladoceramusundulatoplicatus
ConiacianStage
89.3 1
candidates are inPoland (SlupiaNadbrzena), USA(Pueblo,Colorado), andGermany(Salzgitter-SalderQuarry)
Inoceramid bivalve FADCremnoceramusrotundatus (sensu Trgernon Fiege)
TuronianStage
93.6 0.8Pueblo,Colorado, USA
38.2822N104.7275W
base of Bed 86of the BridgeCreekLimestoneMember
Ammonite FADWatinoceras devonense
Ratified 2003Episodes 28/2,p.93 104, 2005
CenomanianStage
99.6 0.9Mount Risou,Hautes-Alpes,France
44.3925N5.5119E
36 meters belowthe top of theMarnes BleuesFormation onthe south side ofMont Risou
Planktonic foraminiferFAD Rotaliporaglobotruncanoides
Ratified 2002Episodes 27/1, p.2132, 2004
Lower Cretaceous Series
Albian Stage 112 1SoutheasternFrance
Candidates include: (1)calcareous nannofossil
FAD ofPraediscosphaeracolumnata (= P. cretaceaof some earlier studies),(2) carbon-isotopeexcursion (black-shaleepisode), (3) ammonite
Aptian Stage 125 1
candidate isGorgo a Cerbara,Piobbico,Umbria-Marche,central Italy
Magnetic -- base ofChron M0r; near FAD ofParadeshayesitesoglanlensis ammonitezone
BarremianStage
130 1.5
candidate is RoArgos nearCaravaca, MurciaProvince, Spain
Ammonite FADSpitidiscus hugii Spitidiscus vandeckiigroup
HauterivianStage
133.9 2
candidate is LaCharce village,Drme Province,southeast France
Ammonite FAD of genusAcanthodiscus(especiallyA. radiatus)
ValanginianStage
140.2 3
candidates arenear Montbrun-les-Bains (Drmeprovince, SEFrance) andCaada Luenga(Betic Cordillera,S. Spain)
Calpionellid FADCalpionellites darderi(base of CalpionellidZone E); followed byammonite FADThurmanniceras
pertransiens
Berriasian
Stage145.5 4
Candidates include: (1)Magnetic -- base ofChron M18r, (2) Base of
Calpionellid zone B, (3)ammonite FAD ofBerriasella jacobi
Jurassic System
Upper Jurassic Series
TithonianStage
150.8 4
candidates areMt. Crussol orCanjuers (SEFrance) andFornazzo (Sicily,S. Italy)
Nearbase ofHybonoticerashybonotum ammonitezone and lowestoccurrence ofGravesiagenus, and the base ofmagnetic polarity ChronM22An
KimmeridgianStage 155.6 4
candidate is
Flodigarry (Isle ofSkye, NWScotland)
57.6000N6.2000W
Ammonite near base of
Pictonia bayleiammonitezone of Boreal realm
Anticipated2009
OxfordianStage
161.2 4
candidates areRedcliff Point(Dorset, SWEngland) andSavouron(Provence, SEFrance)
Ammonite Cardiocerasredcliffense Horizon atbase of the Cardiocerasscarburgense Subzone(Quenstedtoceras mariaeZone)
Middle Jurassic Series
Callovian
Stage164.7 4
candidates arePfeffingen(Swabian Alb,SW Germany)and in Russia
Ammonite FAD of thegenus Kepplerites(Kosmoceratidae)(defines base of
Macrocephalites herveyiZone in sub-Borealprovince of Great Britainto southwest Germany)
BathonianStage
167.7 3.5
Ravin du Bs,Bas-Auran area,
Alpes de HauteProvence,France
43.9606N6.3153E
base oflimestone bedRB07
Ammonite FAD Gonolkiteconvergens (definesbase ofZigzagiceraszigzagZone)
Ratified 2008
BajocianStage
171.6 3
MurtinheiraSection, CaboMondego,Portugal
40.1992N8.9042W
base of Bed AB11
Ammonite FADHyperlioceras mundum,Hyperlioceras furcatum,Braunsina aspera, andBraunsina elegantula
Ratified 1996Episodes 20/1,p.16 22, 1997
AalenianStage 175.6 2 Fuentelsaz,Spain 41.1708N1.8333W base of Bed FZ107
Ammonite FAD Leioceras
opalinum and Leioceraslineatum
Ratified 2000 Episodes 24/3,p.166 175, 2001
Lower Jurassic Series
ToarcianStage
183 1.5Peniche(Portugal)
Ammonite near FAD of adiversified Eodactylitesammonite fauna;correlates with the NWEuropeanProtogrammoceras
paltus horizon.
PliensbachianStage
189.6 1.5
Wine Haven,Robin Hood'sBay, YorkshireCoast, England
54.4069N0.4975W
base of Bed 73bAmmonite association ofBifericeras donovaniand
Apoderoceras sp.Ratified 2005
Episodes 29/2, p.93 106, 2006
SinemurianStage
196.5 1 EastQuantoxhead,SW England
51.1909N3.2364W
0.90 m abovethe base of Bed145
Ammonite FADVermiceras quantoxense,Vermiceras palmeri
Ratified 2000 Episodes 25/1, p.22-28, 2002
HettangianStage
199.6 0.6candidate isKuhjoch section,Tyrol, Austria
47.4839N11.5306E
FAD of first species(Psiloceras spelae) ofPsiloceras ammonitegroup; significantly abovea sharp negative carbon-isotope excursion
Anticipated2009
Triassic System
Upper Triassic Series
Rhaetian
Stage
203.6 1.5
Key sections inAustria, BritishColumbia
(Canada), andTurkey
Near FAD of ammoniteCochloceras, conodontsMisikella spp. andEpigondolella mosheri,
and radiolarianProparvicingulamoniliformis
Norian Stage 216.5 2
Candidates areBlack Bear Ridgein BritishColumbia(Canada) andPizzo Mondello,Sicily (Italy)
Base ofStikinoceras kerriammonoid zone andnear FAD ofMetapolygnathusechinatus within the M.communisticonodontzones
Carnian Stage 228.7 2 Prati di Stuores,Dolomites, Italy
46.5269N11.9303E
base of marlylimestone bed
SW4, 45m frombase of SanCassianoFormation
Near FADs ammonoidDaxatina, conodont"Paragondolella"
polygnathiformis andbivalves Halobia. Justabove base of magneticpolarity zone S2n andabove the maximumflooding surface ofSequence Lad 3 ofHardenbol et al (1998).
Ratified 2008 Albertiana 36,2007
Middle Triassic Series
Ladinian Stage 237 2
Bagolino,Province ofBrescia, NorthernItaly
45.8193N10.4710E
base of a 15 20cm thicklimestone bedoverlying adistinctivegroove(Chiesensegroove) oflimestonenodules in ashaly matrix,located about5m above thebase of theBuchensteinBeds
Ammonite FADEoprotrachyceras curionii(base of the E. curionii
zone). Conodont FADBudurovignathus
praehungaricus is in theuppermost Anisian.
Ratified 2005Episodes 28/4, p.233 244, 2005
Anisian Stage 245 1.5
Candidatesection at DesliCaira (Dobrogea,Romania);significantsections in
GuizhouProvince (China)and SouthPrimorye(Russia)
45.0742N
28.8022E
In Section B, theGSSP level willbe either theFAD ofconodontChiosellatimorensis at the
base of BedGR7 at ca. 7 m;OR the base ofmagnetozoneMT1n at the 5.7m level.
Conodont FAD Chiosellatimorensis or Magnetic --
base of magnetic polarityMT1n
Anticipated
2009
Albertiana 36,
2007.
Lower Triassic Series
OlenekianStage
249.5 0.7
Candidate GSSPMud (Muth)village, Spiti
valley, northwestIndia
31.9654N78.0246E
base of Bed13A-2, about4.8m up in MikinFormation.,
Section M04(~4000 melevation
Conodont FADNeospathodus waageni,
just above base ofRohillites rohillaammonite zone, andbelow lowest occurrenceofFlemingites andEuflemingites ammonite
genera. Within aprominent positiveCarbon-13 peak, and justabove widelyrecognizable sequenceboundary.
Anticipated2009
Albertiana 36,2007.
Induan Stage 251 0.4Meishan,ZhejiangProvince, China
31.0798N119.7058E
base of Bed 27cin the MeishanD Section
Conodont FADHindeodus parvus
Ratified 2001Episodes 24/2, p.102 - 114, 2001
Paleozoic Era
Permian System
Lopingian Series
ChanghsingianStage
253.8 0.7Meishan,ZhejiangProvince, China
31.0819N119.7064E
base of Bed 4a-2, 88 cm above
the base of theChangxingLimestone at theMeishan DSection
Conodont FAD Clarkinawangi
Ratified 2005Episodes 29/3, p.175-182, 2006
WuchiapingianStage
260.4 0.7Penglaitan,Guanxi Province,South China
23.6953N109.3211E
base of Bed 6kin thePenglaitanSection
Conodont FAD Clarkinapostbitteri postbitteri
Ratified 2004Episodes 29/4, p.253-262, 2006
Guadalupian Series
CapitanianStage
265.8 0.7
Nipple Hill, SEGuadalupeMountains,Texas, U.S.A
31.9091N104.7892W
4.5m above thebase of theoutcrop sectionof the PineryLimestoneMember of theBell CanyonFormation
Conodont FADJinogondolella
postserrata
Ratified 2001
Wordian Stage 268 0.7Guadalupe Pass,Texas, U.S.A
31.8658N104.8328W
7.6m above thebase of theGetaway Ledgeoutcrop Sectionof the GetawayLimestoneMember of theCherry CanyonFormation
Conodont FADJinogondolella aserrata
Ratified 2001
Roadian Stage 270.6 0.7StratotypeCanyon, Texas,
U.S.A
31.8767N104.8768W
42.7m abovethe base of theCutoffFormation
Conodont FADJinogondolella
nankingensis
Ratified 2001
Cisuralian Series
KungurianStage
275.6 0.7candidates are insouthern UralMtns.
Near conodont FADNeostreptognathus pnevi- N. exculptus
Anticipated2009
ArtinskianStage
284.4 0.7candidates are insouthern UralMtns.
Conodont FADSweetognathus whitei
Anticipated2009
SakmarianStage
294.6 0.8
candidate is atKondurovsky,OrenburgProvince, Russia.
Near conodont FADSweetognathus merrelli
Anticipated2009
Asselian Stage 299 0.8
Aidaralash
Creek,Kazakhstan
50.2458N57.8914E
27m above the
base of Bed 19,AidaralashCreek
Conodont FAD ofisolated-nodular
morphotype ofStreptognathodus"wabaunsensis"
Ratified 1996 Episodes 21/1, p.11-18, 1998
Carboniferous System
Pennsylvanian Subsystem (series Classification Approved In 2004)
Upper Pennsylvanian Series
GzhelianStage
303.4 0.9
candidates are insouthern Urals orNashui (southChina).
Conodont FADIdiognathodus simulator(s.str.). Close to FAD ofammonoid Shumardites.
KasimovianStage
307.2 1
candidates are insouthern Urals,southwest USAand Nashui(south China).
Fusulinid FADProtriticites, which isnear ammonoid FADEothalossoceras.
Alternative (higher) baseis fusulinid FADMontiparus montiparus,which is near conodontFAD Idiognathodussagittalis. Age given hereis the higher version; thelower one is about 1 myrolder.
Middle Pennsylvanian Series
MoscovianStage
311.7 1.1
candidates are insouthern Urals orNashui (southChina).
Either conodont FADIdiognathoides
postsulcatus orDeclinognathodusdonetzianus.
Lower Pennsylvanian Series
BashkirianStage
318.1 1.3Arrow Canyon,Nevada
36.7333N114.7778W
82.9m abovethe top of theBattleshipFormation in thelower BirdSpringFormation
Conodont FADDeclinognathodusnoduliferus
Ratified 1996Episodes 22/4, p.272-283, 1999
Mississippian Subsystem
Upper Mississippian Series (series Classification Approved In 2004)
SerpukhovianStage
328.3 1.6
candidates areVerkhnyayaKardailovka(Urals) or Nashui
(China)
Conodont FAD Lochrieaziegleri
Middle Mississippian Series
Visean Stage 345.3 2.1Pengchong,south China
24.4333N109.4500E
base of bed 83in thePengchongSection
Benthic Foraminifer FADEoparastaffella simplex
Ratified 2008
Lower Mississippian Series
TournaisianStage
359.2 2.5 La Serre, France43.5555N3.3573E
base of Bed 89in Trench E atLa Serre, (butFAD now knownto be at base ofBed 85)
Conodont FADSiphonodella sulcataIMPRECISE (GSSPdiscovered in 2006 tohave biostratigraphicproblems, and can not becorrelated with precision.)
Ratified 1990
Episodes 14/4, p.331-336, 1991;Newsletters onStratigraphy,43/2, p. 195 -205, 2009
Devonian SystemUpper Devonian Series
FamennianStage
374.5 2.6
Coumiac Quarry,near Cessenon,Montagne Noire,France
43.4613N3.0403E
Base of Bed 32a
Conodont FADPalmatolepis triangularis,
just above a majorextinction horizon(Kellwasser Event) withconodont LADs
Ancyrodella andOzarkodina, andGoniatite LADs ofGephuroceratidae andBeloceratidae
Ratified 1993Episodes 16/4, p.433-441, 1993
Frasnian
Stage385.3 2.6
Col du Puech dela Suque,
Montage Noire,France
43.5032N
3.0868E
base of Bed 42at Col du Puech
de la Suquesection E
Conodont FAD
Ancyrodella rotundilobaRatified 1986
Episodes 10/2, p.
97-101, 1987
Middle Devonian Series
Givetian Stage 391.8 2.7Jebel MechIrdane, Morocco
31.2374N4.3541W
base of Bed 123Conodont FADPolygnathushemiansatus
Ratified 1994Episodes 18/3, p.107-115, 1995
Eifelian Stage 397.5 2.7Wetteldorf, EifelHills, Germany
50.1496N6.4716E
21.25m abovethe base of theexposedsection, base ofsample stationWP30
Conodont FADPolygnathus costatus
partitusRatified 1985
Episodes 8/2, p.104-109, 1985
Lower Devonian Series
Emsian Stage 407 2.8
Zinzil'ban Gorge
in the Kitab StateGeologicalReserve,Uzbekistan
39.2000N67.3056E
base of Bed 9/5 Conodont FADPolygnathus kitabicus
Ratified 1995 Episodes 20/4, p.235-240, 1997
Pragian Stage 411.2 2.8Velk Chuchle,Prague, CzechRepublic
50.0147N14.3726E
base of Bed 12in VelkChuchle Quarry
Conodont FADEognathodus sulcatussulcatus andLatericriodussteinachensis Morph beta
Ratified 1989Episodes 12/2, p.109-113, 1989
LochkovianStage
416 2.8Klonk, nearPrague, CzechRepublic
49.8550N13.7920E
within Bed 20Graptolite FADMonograptus uniformis
Ratified 1972IUGS Series A, 5,p. 96-109, 1977
Silurian System
P dol Series 418.7 2.7
Po ry Section,
Reporyje,Prague, CzechRepublic
50.0277N14.3249E
within Bed 96 Graptolite FADMonograptus parultimus
Ratified 1984
Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;
Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.90 - 100, 1989
Ludlow Series
LudfordianStage
421.3 2.6 near Ludlow, UK52.3592N2.7772W
coincident withthe base of theLeintwardineFormation
Imprecise. May be nearbase ofSaetograptusleintwardinensisGraptolite zone.
Ratified 1980
Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.73 - 90, 1989
Gorstian Stage 422.9 2.5 near Ludlow, UK52.3592N2.7772W
coincident withthe base of theLower Elton
Formation
Graptolite FADSaetograptus(Colonograptus) varians
Ratified 1980
Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.
Mus. Wales, 9, p.73 - 90, 1989
Wenlock Series
HomerianStage
426.2 2.4Sheinton Brook,Homer, UK
52.6156N2.5647W
within upper partof the ApedaleMember of theCoalbrookdaleFormation
Graptolite FADCyrtograptus lundgreni
Ratified 1980
Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.51-73, 1989
SheinwoodianStage
428.2 2.3Hughley Brook,UK
52.5811N2.6389W
base of theBuildwasFormation
Imprecise. Between thebase of acritarch biozone5 and LAD of conodontPterospathodusamorphognathoides. Thecurrent GSSP does not
coincide with the base ofthe Cyrtograptuscentrifugus Biozone, aswas supposed when theGSSP was defined.Restudy recommends aslightly higher andcorrelatable level oncondonts -- the Irevikendatum 2, which coincidesapproximately with thebase of the murchisoniGraptolite Biozone
Ratified 1980
Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.51-73, 1989
Llandovery Series
TelychianStage
436 1.9Cefn-cerig RoadSection, Wales,UK
51.9700N3.7900W
within theWormwoodFormation
Just above BrachiopodLAD Eocoelia intermediaand below FAD ofEocoelia curtisi
Ratified 1984
Episodes 8/2, p.
101-103, 1985;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.36-50, 1989
AeronianStage
439 1.8Trefawr TrackSection, Wales,UK
52.0300N3.7000W
within TrefawarFormation
Graptolite FADMonograptus austerussequens
Ratified 1984
Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.36-50, 1989
RhuddanianStage
443.7 1.5Dob's Linn,Scotland
55.4400N3.2700W
1.6m above thebase of theBirkhill ShaleFormation
Graptolite FADAkidograptus ascensus
Ratified 1984
Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;Silurian TimesNo. 14 (2006)
Ordovician System
Upper Ordovician Series
HirnantianStage
445.6 1.5
WangjiawanNorth section, Nof Yichang city,Western HubeiProvince, China
30.9841N111.4197E
0.39m below thebase of theKuanyinchiaoBed
Graptolite FADNormalograptusextraordinarius
Ratified 2006Episodes 29/3, p.183-196, 2006
Katian Stage 455.8 1.6
Black KnobRidge Section,
Atoka, Oklahoma(USA)
34.4305N96.0746W
4.0m above thebase of theBigfork Chert
Graptolite FADDiplacanthograptuscaudatus
Ratified 2006Episodes 30/4, p.258-270, 2007
SandbianStage
460.9 1.6Sularp Brook,Fgelsng,Sweden
55.7137N13.3255E
1.4m below aphosphoritemarker bed inthe E14boutcrop
Graptolite FADNemagraptus gracilis
Ratified 2002Episodes 23/2, p.102-109, 2000
Middle Ordovician Series
DarriwilianStage
468.1 1.6
Huangnitangsection,Changshan,ZhejiangProvince, SEChina
28.8539N118.4897E
base of BedAEP 184
Graptolite FADUndulograptusaustrodentatus
Ratified 1987Episodes 20/3, p.158-166, 1997
DapingianStage
471.8 1.6
HuanghuachangSection, NE ofYichang city,Hubei Province,S. China
30.8605N110.3740E
10.57 m abovebase of theDawanFormation
Conodont FAD ofBaltoniodus triangularis
Ratified 2007
Episodes 28/2, p.105 - 117, 2005;Episodes 32/2, p.96-113, 2009
Lower Ordovician Series
Floian Stage 478.6 1.7 Diabasbrottet,Hunneberg,Sweden
58.3589N12.5024E
in the lower
Tyen Shale,2.1m above thetop of theCambrian
Graptolite FADTetragraptusapproximatus
Ratified 2002 Episodes 27/4, p.265-272, 2004
TremadocianStage
488.3 1.7Green PointSection, westernNewfoundland
49.6829N57.9653W
at the 101.8mlevel, within Bed23, in themeasuredsection
Conodont FADIapetognathus fluctivagus
Ratified 2000Episodes 24/1, p.19 - 28, 2001
Cambrian System
Furongian Series
Stage 10 492
candidate sectionis Duibian(Zhejiang
province, China)
Trilobite FAD ofLotagnostus americanus.
An internal substagedivision might be FAD of
Codylodus adeseiconodont
Stage 9 496
candidatesections atDuibian (Zhejiangprovince, China)and Gonggiri(Korea)
Trilobite FAD ofAgnostotes orientalis
Paibian Stage 499 2
WulingMountains,Huayuan County,NW HunanProvince, China
28.3895N109.5257E
at 396 m in theHuaqiaoFormation
Trilobite FADGlyptagnostus reticulatus
Ratified 2003Lethaia 37, p.365-379, 2004
Series 3
GuzhangianStage
503Louyixi, GuzhangCounty, NWHunan Province,S. China
28.7200N109.9647E
121.3 m abovethe base of theHuaqiaoFormation
Trilobite FAD Lejopygelaevigata
Ratified 2008
Drumian Stage 506.5Drum Mountains,Millard County,Utah, USA
39.5117N112.9915W
at the base of adark-gray thinlylaminatedcalcisiltite layer,62 m above thebase of theWheelerFormation
Trilobite FADPtychagnostus atavus
Ratified 2006Episodes 30/2,p.85-95, 2007
Stage 5 510
candidatesections areWuliu-Zengjiayan
(east Guizhou,China) and SplitMountain(Nevada, USA)
Trilobite, potentially FAD
ofOryctocephalusindicus
Series 2
Stage 4 517Trilobite FAD OlenellusorRedlichia
Stage 3 521 Trilobites -- their FAD
Terreneuvian Series
Stage 2 528Small Shelly Fossils, or
Archaeocyathid species
FortunianStage
542 1
Fortune Head,SENewfoundland,Canada
47.0762N55.8310W
2.4m above thebase of Member2 in the Chapel
IslandFormation
Trace fossil FADTrichophycus pedum
Ratified 1992Episodes 17/1&2,p. 95-100, 1994
Precambrian
Proterozoic Eon
Neoproterozoic Era
EdiacaranSystem
635Enorama Creek,Flinders Ranges,South Australia
31.3314S138.6334E
base of theMarinoan capcarbonate
(1) rapid decay ofMarinoan ice sheets andonset of distinct capcarbonates throughoutthe world, and (2) thebeginning of a distinctivepattern of secularchanges in carbonisotopes.
Ratified 1990Lethaia 39, p.13-30, 2006
CryogenianSystem
850
Definedchronometrically;but will bereplaced byGSSP. Firstglacial episodeoccurred after750 Ma
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
Tonian System 1000Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
Mesoproterozoic Era
StenianSystem
1200Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
EctasianSystem
1400Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
CalymmianSystem
1600Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
Paleoproterozoic Era
StatherianSystem
1800Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
OrosirianSystem
2050Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
RhyacianSystem
2300Definedchronometrically
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
SiderianSystem
2500
Definedchronometrically,but it will bereplaced byGSSP
Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991
Archean Eon
NeoarcheanEra
2800Definedchronometrically
Subcomm.decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS
Informally inEpisodes 15/2,1992
MesoarcheanEra
3200Definedchronometrically
Subcomm.decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS
Informally inEpisodes 15/2,1992
PaleoarcheanEra
3600Definedchronometrically
Subcomm.decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS
Informally inEpisodes 15/2,1992
Eoarchean Era 4000 Base is notdefined
Subcomm.
decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS
Informally inEpisodes 15/2,1992
Hadean Eon 4600Formation of planetEarth. Informal term
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