GTB TF-LED 1 1 GTB Task Force LED Forward Lighting Scope of the Task Force: “Propose Modification of Regulation(s) in order to introduce LEDs for forward lighting” Objective of this Presentation: Provide information on LED characteristics and proposed modification of regulations and seek early feedback Informal Informal document document No No . . GRE GRE - - 52 52 - - 19 19 (52nd GRE, 30 (52nd GRE, 30 March March - - 2 April 2004, 2 April 2004, agenda item agenda item 26.) 26.)
Transcript
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GTB Task Force LED Forward Lighting
Scope of the Task Force:“Propose Modification of Regulation(s) in order to
introduce LEDs for forward lighting”
Objective of this Presentation:Provide information on LED characteristics and proposed
modification of regulations and seek early feedback
InformalInformal documentdocument NoNo. . GREGRE--5252--1919(52nd GRE, 30 (52nd GRE, 30 MarchMarch -- 2 April 2004,2 April 2004,agenda itemagenda item 26.)26.)
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Design Design PossibilitiesPossibilities
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OverviewOverview
• Topics addressed in this presentation
– LED principle of operation– LED evolution– LED specific performance parameters– LED benefits– Proposed amendments to ECE R48– Proposed amendments to headlighting Regs.
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Principles of Light GenerationPrinciples of Light Generation
IncandescentECE R37
Gas discharge ECE R99
LED
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Principle LED DesignPrinciple LED Design
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Principle LED DesignPrinciple LED Design
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How does an LED emit light?How does an LED emit light?
Electrons recombine with “holes”Some of these recombinations emit light.
Depletion zone
Donator Acceptor
- +
-
+
Substrate
Metallic Contact
ElectronsHoles
ChipChip
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Lum
inou
s ef
ficac
y (lm
/W)
100
0.1
1960 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
10
1
GREEN
GaAs P0.6 0.4
GaP:Zn ,OGaP:Zn ,O
GaP:N GREEN
AlGaAs /GaAs
AlGaAs /AlGaAs
AlGaInP/ GaAs
AlGaInP/ GaPRED - ORANGE - YELLOW
BLUE
SiCBLUE
GaAsP:NRED - ORANGE - YELLOW
RED - ORANGE - YELLOW
InGaN
RED
RED
RED
RED
RED
Shaped AlGaInP /GaPRED - ORANGE - YELLOW
~10x Increase / Decade
GaAsP
BestDevice
Unfiltered Incandescent LampYellow Filtered
Red Filtered
Fluorescent Lamp
DevelopmentDevelopment of of Efficiency Efficiency of LEDof LED
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Development of Efficiency of white LEDDevelopment of Efficiency of white LED
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Lum
inou
s ef
ficac
y[lm
/W]
50
150
100
300
White LEDHID
Halogen
Why are LED now interesting for head lighting?
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LED EvolutionLED Evolution
lum
en /
LED
lum
en /
LED
Standard LEDStandard LED
High power LEDHigh power LED
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Wave Lengths & Mixing of ColoursWave Lengths & Mixing of Colours
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7x
y
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How to generate White LightHow to generate White Light
Mixing of Colours
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White Light GenerationWhite Light Generation
red, green and blueLEDs
blue LED and yellow Phosphor
UV-LED and red, green and blue phosphor
400 500 600 700nm
UV-Chip
Emission Wavelength
400 500 600 700nm
Blue Chip
400 500 600 700nm
RGB-Chips
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Technical Properties of WhiteTechnical Properties of White LEDsLEDs
Luminous Intensity versus Time:
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000Time (hrs)
Rel
ativ
e Li
ght O
utpu
t (%
)
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Technical Properties ofTechnical Properties of LEDsLEDs
Technical Properties ofTechnical Properties of LEDsLEDsColour Drift Versus Temperature:
CIE1931 Diagram
0,250
0,300
0,350
0,400
0,280 0,330 0,380 0,430 0,480x
y
ECE-White
Chromaticity coordinate (T=85°C)
Chromaticity coordinate (T=25°C)
Chromaticity coordinate (T=-40°C)
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BenefitsBenefits of LEDsof LEDs
• Safety benefits– Long life span (vehicle life)– Shock and vibration resistance– New design possibilities
(e.g. for pedestrian protection)
• Other benefits– High optical system efficiency
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Proposed Amendments Proposed Amendments to to ECEECE R48R48
• Add „LED Modules“– Existing:
„Light source module" means an optical part of a device which is specific to that device, is containing one or more non-replaceable light sources, and is only removable from its device with the use of tool(s)
– Proposed amendment:“LED module” means a light source module with all light sources being LEDs
• Fail safe provisions• Provisions for levelling & cleaning
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Proposed Amendments Proposed Amendments to to FrontlightingFrontlighting RegsRegs
• No new ECE regulation(s)• Add „LED modules“ & LED specific requirements
to Reg 112• Review voltage specifications for measurements• Establish new Annex “LED Module Requirements”
– General specifications, manufacture, test conditions– Minimal red content and max. UV content– Temperature stability (luminous intensity and colour)
• Use similar annex for other relevant regulations: AFS, NFF, R113, R98 (bending light)
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LED application in current automotive lighting:
Interior
Dashboard illumination in different colours
Exterior
Red:Rear position lampsStop lamps
Amber:Direction indicators
Automotive LED ApplicationsAutomotive LED Applications
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Design Design Possibilities Possibilities LED LED HeadlampsHeadlamps
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Design Design Possibilities Possibilities LED LED HeadlampsHeadlamps
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Design Design Possibilities Possibilities LED LED HeadlampsHeadlamps
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Design Design Possibilities Possibilities LED LED HeadlampsHeadlamps
