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Placed 3rd for CFA | InvestYoung Stock Pitch Competition November 4, 2014
Jonathan J. Chang, Queen’s Commerce 2017 TSE: GTE
Table of Contents
Company Overview
Internal/External Analysis
Investment Thesis
Valuation
Key Catalysts
Associate Risks
Price Target
Appendix/Bibliography
2
3
4
6
9
13
14
16
17
Jun 3, 2014
Jun 26, 2014
Company Overview
3 Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Business Overview and Strategy Recent News
Management Relevant M&A Transactions of Subordinates (2009-14)
Business Strategy:• Establishing bases of assets by:
• Closed sale of its Argentina Business for ~$69 million USD• Sold to Madalena Energy
• Increased focus on Colombia and Peru for second half of 2014
Past Experiences• VP of EnCana
Corporation • New Ventures
Manager for Alberta Energy Company
DANA COFFIELDCEO
Past Experiences• Financial management
of Canadian and American oil and gas E&P companies
JAMES ROZON
CFO
Past Experiences• President and CEO of
First Calgary Petroleums Ltd
SHANE P. O’LEARYCOO
• 2014 drilling campaign: initial well test results are promising for the Bretaña and Moqueta oil fields in Peru and Colombia
Acquired
May 29, 2014
Acquired
Aug 19,2013
Acquired
Jan 17, 2011
Acquired
Sep 20,2010
Acquired
Aug 30, 2010
Acquired
Apr 9,2009
Selective acquisitions; reserve & production growth through drilling
Duplicating business model in other areas
Disposal of non-core assets through farm-outs or outright disposition of assets
Independent international company
Oil and Natural Gas
Acquisition, exploration, development, production
+ +
Internal Analysis
4 Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Areas of Operations: Colombia, Peru, and Brazil
Independent O&G Segmentation by Market Cap Absolute Return Relative to E&P S&P Index (XOP)
Calgary Headquarters
7% 1%
59%
22%
2% 9%
Canadian-Based Small to Large Market Cap O&G Companies
Baytex
Bellatrix
Canadian NaturalResources
Crescent Point
Gran Tierra
Talisman
-35.0%
-25.0%
-15.0%
-5.0%
5.0%
15.0%
25.0%
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
XOP GTE
Operations carried out in South America in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, and headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2014 2015
External Analysis: Oil Pricing
5
Oil Outlook OPEC Overview
Crude and Brent Oil Spread (Active Contract COA) Total World Demand
• Contrasting the fall in WTI crude oil prices this year, oil equities have rallied and hover above their historical average
• Crude has been performing better relatively to Brent
OPEC pumped avg 1.7 MM/day more than its 24.845 MM 2008-11 Daily QuotaBasket Price: $74.05 Nov 19, 2014
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Jan 3 Mar 3 May 3 Jul 3 Sep 3
Crude Brent Spread
1,200B, 81%
277B, 19%
OPEC’s Share of World Oil
OPEC Non-OPEC
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Surge in U.S. and Saudi Arabia crude oil production will displace imported light blends and reduce U.S. reliance on imports
Imports to fall below 6M barrels in 2015
Basket Price: $74.05 Nov 19, 2014
External Analysis: Bullish Outlook
6
Sanctions on Russia – Boost Oil Prices Shortfall in Forecasts
Production Rates using Different Technologies Supply Prospects for 2025 (mtpa) by BG Group
Forecasts for additions in liquefied natural gas by 2025 fell by 35%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Flo
w r
ates
, m^
3/d
ay
Time since the beginning of the work, days
Horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing
Vertical wells with hydraulic fracturing
Multiple of 3.5 x
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2013 2025
Onstream Under Construction Future Supply Prospects
-35% Current outlook for
2025 Supply
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Oil companies in Russia are being barred access to latest US and European exploration and production technology as a consequence of political sanctions
2013: Russia contributed
12.4% to global supply
Technology differences:
Horizontal vs. Vertical wells
Will reduce Russia oil
exports and raise prices
Many planned liquefaction plants never open because of complexity and expenses
Half of existing planned capacity additions are being planned by companies with no prior experience
Reduced supply will increase energy prices
Investment Thesis
7
Strong fundamental metrics with the lowest netbacks in peer group and competitive advantage through R&D
• Upcoming pipeline repairs and updated capex guidelines
• The Moqueta oil field in Colombia growth and Bretaňaoil discovery
Relative Valuation• GTE undervalued on every metric; trading at 8.7 x
2015E P/E — below the industry average of 18.1 x• GTE’s stature as a leader in Latin America and growth
warrant a higher valuation
Argument I: Highest Netbacks and Upside Positioning
Argument II: Production and Reserve Growth
Argument III: Valuation
Intrinsic Valuation• Both discounted cash flow and net asset value
suggest target prices conservative to analyst estimates
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Current financials make GTE attractive M&A takeover candidate and company is well-positioned for expansion into neighbouring countries such as Mexico
Public Company Comparables
O&G Specific Multiples
Precedent Transactions
Net Asset Value Discounted Cash Flow
Daily Production EBITDAXBase Fully Risked
• Increase in cash inflow• Medium-term
production growth • Long-term growth
beyond 2020
• Cash flow support the growth initiatives, mitigating need to raise equity in the future
71
62
Gran Tierra Peer Group
Netbacks ($/bbl)
$0Debt
Investment Thesis
8
Argument I: Highest Netbacks and Upside Positioning
Potential M&A Candidate Future Potential Upside Opportunities
Highest Netbacks within Peer Group Research and Development Costs
GTE future netbacks:~$75-79 (2014-18)
Suggested high premium potential
• Management hints at possibility to do business in Mexico
• GTE positioned well to participate in Mexico’s planned licensing rounds
• Spending $37 million to evaluate two unconventional oil-saturated sands in the Recôncavo Basin
• Oil demand increase: 9.9% (Sept 2013-14)
• Updated Report of Current Assets:
Left Graph: 2010-13 Average Costs ($/boe)Higher price realizations and transportation cost reductions
Future Upside Opportunities
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
$14
$20
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
R&D Costs Peer R&D
10 million net acres of potential land without reserves
Attractive takeover candidate for firms looking for a foothold in region
Major E&P player in Latin America
Currently running on no debt
Brazil
Mexico
Proven: 77% reserve increaseProven + Probable: ~48% reserve increase
$64
$23
$36
$22
$46
$71
Clayton Williams
Peyto
Breitburn
Valient
Bankers
Gran Tierra
Investment Thesis
9
Argument II: Production and Reserve Growth
Historical Reserves (mboe) Historical Production (bod/d)
Attractive Opportunities for Reserve Growth Expanding Reserves of Current Mines
2P Expected 2014E:
122mm boe
0
50
100
150
200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2P
Re
serv
es (m
bo
e)
Proven Reserves Probable Reserves Possible Reserves10,000
12,500
15,000
17,500
20,000
22,500
25,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Pro
du
ctio
n (
bo
e /
d)
2014 Capex and Updated Guidelines
Pipeline Repairs
• Pipeline in Colombia was recently damaged due to landslide• Had to transport its oil by truck
• Cash inflow of $40 per boe when pipeline is repaired
• CAPEX program of $482 million • Poised for additional production growth
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
8.0 x
4.0 x
Gran Tierra Closest Light Oil Peer:Petrominerales
Resource Potential (Reserve / Prod)
30,000 boe/d gross working interest
Drilling in Bretana, Exploration success in the Putumayo Basin
Located: 50% in Colombia
Valuation
10
Argument III: Valuation
EV / EBITDAX Multiple (5.0 x Exit) EV/Daily Production Multiple ($100 Exit)
Enterprise Value: $2,171
Less: Total Debt 0
Less: Preferred Securities 0
Less: Noncontrolling Interest 0
Plus: Cash and Cash Equivalents 347
Implied Equity Value: $2,518
Shares Oustanding: 275
Implied Price Per Share: 9 .16$
Enterprise Value: $1,552
Less: Total Debt 0
Less: Preferred Securities 0
Less: Noncontrolling Interest 0
Plus: Cash and Cash Equivalents 347
Implied Equity Value: $1,899
Shares Oustanding: 275
Implied Price Per Share: 6 .91$
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Valuation Statistic s Capital ization Enterprise Value / Enterprise Value /
Equity Enterprise P / E Multiple P / BV Multiple
EV/Prdn
(bod/d) EV/DACF EV/2P
Company Name Value Value LTM FY1 LTM FY1 LTM FY1 Total Tangible 2013E 2013E 2013E
CLAYTON WILLIAMS ENERGY 889$ 1,486$ 3.1 x 3.2 x 5.1 x 4.8 x 16.3 x 19.6 x 2.9 x 2.2 x NM 5.1 x 25.1 x
APACHE CORPORATION 28,995 39,505 2.6 x 2.8 x 3.9 x 3.9 x 24.5 x 12.3 x 1.2 x 0.9 x 132.9 x 7.3 x 35.9 x
CARRIZO OIL & GAS 2,223 3,236 5.2 x 4.6 x 11.9 x 6.0 x NM 17.7 x 3.7 x 2.6 x 58.4 x 4.2 x 16.8 x
LAREDO PETROLEUM 2,720 3,821 5.6 x 5.0 x 9.1 x 7.2 x 41.6 x 22.1 x 3.5 x 2.2 x 136.6 x 2.2 x 21.7 x
PEYTO EXP & DEV CORP 4,723 5,558 11.0 x 6.8 x 13.3 x 8.7 x 25.7 x 18.8 x 4.4 x 3.6 x 95.4 x 10.3 x 12.1 x
BREITBURN ENERGY 2,274 4,268 5.1 x 5.5 x 25.6 x 9.2 x NM NM 1.5 x 1.1 x 133.6 x 7.5 x 20.2 x
Median 2,497$ 4 ,044$ 5 .1 x 4 .8 x 10.5 x 6 .6 x 25.1 x 18.8 x 3 .2 x 2 .2 x 132.9 x 6 .2 x 21.0 x
Mean 6,971$ 9 ,646$ 5 .4 x 4 .6 x 11.5 x 6 .6 x 27.0 x 18.1 x 2 .9 x 2 .1 x 111.4 x 6 .1 x 22.0 x
Gran Tierra Energy Inc 1 ,395$ 1 ,047$ 1 .6 x 1 .5 x 2 .2 x 2 .1 x 18.4 x 8 .7 x 1 .5 x 1 .0 x 46.7 x 2 .9 x 9 .4 x
Relative Premium (Discount) to Median (69%) (69%) (79%) (68%) (27%) (54%) (52%) (52%) (65%) (53%) (55%)
Revenue EBITDA
Valuation
11
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis($ in millions, except per share data)
Gran Tierra Energy Inc - Cash Flow Projections Gran Tierra Energy -
FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY 2014E FY 2015E FY 2016E FY 2017E FY 2018E
Revenue: $596 $583 $720 760$ 847$ 890$ 934$ 981$
EBITDAX: $464 $377 $526 526$ 580$ 623$ 654$ 687$
Operating Income: $233 $195 $258 321$ 373$ 394$ 414$ 435$
Less: Taxes ($107) ($98) ($136) ($136) ($168) ($163) ($171) ($179)
Plus: Depreciation & Amortization $231 $182 $267 $183 $185 $210 $210 $210
Plus: Stock-Based Compensation $13 $12 $9 $0 $0 $13 $13 $13
Plus: Asset Retirement Accretion $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Plus: Dry Hole Expense $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Plus: Deferred Income Tax -29 26 -29 ($70) $34 ($14) ($14) ($14)
Plus: Non-Cash Derivative Losses $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Plus: Other Non-Cash Items $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Less: Increase in Working Capital: $38 ($167) $168 ($88) $0 $0 $0 $0
Less: Capital Expenditures ($333) ($276) ($367) ($355) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300)
Unlevered Free Cash Flow $46 (126)$ $170 (145)$ 124$ 141$ 152$ 164$
Present Value of Free Cash Flow 161$ (122)$ 94$ 95$ 92$ 89$
Normal Discount Period: 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Mid-Year Discount: 0.50 1.50 2.50 3.50 4.50 5.50
Free Cash Flow Growth Rate: (373.0%) (235.6%) (184.8%) (185.7%) 13.5% 8.2% 8.0%
Sensitivities
Gran Tierra Energy - Net Present Value Sensitiv ity - Terminal EBITDAX Multiples
Discount Rate
9.16$ 8.0% 9.0% 10.0% 11.0% 12.0% 13.0% 14.0%
2.0 x 6.08$ 5.86$ 5.65$ 5.46$ 5.27$ 5.10$ 4.93$
3.0 x 7.66$ 7.35$ 7.06$ 6.79$ 6.54$ 6.29$ 6.07$
4.0 x 9.23$ 8.84$ 8.47$ 8.13$ 7.80$ 7.49$ 7.21$
5.0 x 10.80$ 10 .33$ 9 .88$ 9 .46$ 9 .07$ 8 .69$ 8 .34$
6.0 x 12.38$ 11.82$ 11.29$ 10.80$ 10.33$ 9.89$ 9.48$
7.0 x 13.95$ 13.30$ 12.70$ 12.13$ 11.60$ 11.09$ 10.62$
8.0 x 15.52$ 14.79$ 14.11$ 13.47$ 12.86$ 12.29$ 11.76$
Term
inal
EB
ITD
AX
Mu
ltip
le
Gran Tierra Energy - Net Present Value Sensitiv ity - Dai ly Production Multiple
Discount Rate
6.91$ 8.0% 9.0% 10.0% 11.0% 12.0% 13.0% 14.0%
$130.00 9.57$ 9.16$ 8.77$ 8.41$ 8.07$ 7.75$ 7.45$
$120.00 9.06$ 8.68$ 8.32$ 7.98$ 7.66$ 7.36$ 7.08$
$110.00 8.55$ 8.19$ 7.86$ 7.55$ 7.25$ 6.97$ 6.71$
$100.00 8.04$ 7 .71$ 7 .40$ 7 .11$ 6 .84$ 6 .59$ 6 .34$
$90.00 7.53$ 7.23$ 6.95$ 6.68$ 6.43$ 6.20$ 5.98$
$80.00 7.02$ 6.74$ 6.49$ 6.25$ 6.02$ 5.81$ 5.61$
$70.00 6.51$ 6.26$ 6.03$ 5.82$ 5.61$ 5.42$ 5.24$
Dai
ly P
rod
uct
ion
Mu
ltip
les
($ P
er
McF
)
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Valuation
12
NAVPS Explanation
NAVPS AnalysisNet Asset Value (2014 FY1) Post-Tax PV
Risked
mmBOE $m m
$C /
Share
Colombia 2P 50.9 $1,067.3 $4.10
Peru 2P 61.5 $277.4 $1.07
Brazil 2P 5.3 $106.4 $0.41
Total 2P Reserves 117.7 $1,451.1 $5.58
Net Cash/Debt $251.5 $0.97
Discounted proceeds from in-the-money options $5.2 0.02
Other Long-Term Investments $20.5 0.08
Base NAV 117.6 $1,728.3 6.64
Colombia Resource 28.4 $425.0 $1.57
Peru Resource 173 $840.8 $3.11
Brazil Resource 15.4 $108.1 $0.40
Total Upside Resources 216.8 $1,373.9 $5.07
Discounted proceeds from exercise-below-target options $51.8 $0.19
Discounted G&A ($228.5) ($0.84)
Fully Risked NAV 334.4 $2,925.6 10.8
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Since international E&P’s may not have as many standards as Canada, lower multiple from international E&P’s requiring a risk premium for their lack of regulation in comparison to Canadian companies.
0.8 x0.5 x
2.2 x
0.9 x1.1 x
0.4 x
GTE Base GTE Fully Risked Avg CDN Base Avg CDN FullyRisked
Avg InternationalBase
Avg InternationalFully Risked
Avg
$13.77
13.04
19.06
13.27
8.29
12.49
20.31
15.20
6.64
7.80
6.95
7.80
6.95
10.28
9.17
9.66
$14.48
13.47
20.69
13.40
8.83
12.88
22.64
15.74
10.80
11.29
7.25
11.29
7.25
12.02
9.30
10.07
LTM EV / Revenue
FY1 EV / Revenue
LTM EV / EBITDA
FY1 EV / EBITDA
LTM P / E
FY1 P / E
P / BV
P / Tangible BV
NAVPS
DCF Multiples Method (9-13%, 3.0-7.0 x)
DCF Gordon Growth (9-13%, 1-5% Growth)
EV / EBIT
EV / EBITDA
EV/Prdn…
EV/DACF
EV/2P
Public Company Comparables
Book Value Multiples and NAV
DCF Valuation
Precedent Transaction Analysis
Oil & Gas Specific Multiples
Valuation
13
Summary
• Relative valuation suggests much higher value and Gran Tierra is trading at a significant discount to the industry• Our NAVPS and DCF have more moderate estimates on future prices which are in line with the median of analyst targets• We have taken a conservative approach to our price target• Gran Tierra’s significant discount makes it a promising opportunity for investors interested in small-cap companies
Price Target: $8.00
Median Analyst Target: $9.78
Indicative Valuation Analysis: Football Field Graph
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Catalysts
14
Global Environment Permits
Successful Joint Drilling Campaign Leading to Increased Reserves
• Expected to receive its global development permit for the Moquetafield imminently
• GTE can develop the field with its optimal drilling locations; especially if the Corunta location is successful
• Colombia announced plans to expedite environmental permit approvals
• Will speed up infrastructure, mining and oil projects (to reduce the time to 5 months)
Drilling campaign in Peru in Block 107 would improve the additional oil potential in the region and add up to $1.4/per share in value for GTE, or about 20-30% of current price
Colombia: Moqueta-13development well was successfully drilled, tested ~1,500 barrels of oil per day ("bopd")
November 27 OPEC Meeting
Recent decreases in oil prices from Saudi Arabia raising oil production to protect market share against the US
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
• Peruvian government is speeding up the permitting process anticipating the field’s development curve
Block 107 is estimated to have a prospective resource potential of ~50mn boe (adjusted by probability of success)
Costayaco-21development went well. Production from both is expected to start in the 3Q of 2014
Furthermore, It would not make sense for Saudi Arabia to wage a price war and injure the US, an ally in the war against Islamic State
Nov 20 price: $75.58
$153.40
$100.00
$80.00
$83.60
Iran
Russia
US
SaudiArabia
Pricing Needed to Breakeven
National BudgetAccording to IMF
Estimates
Associate Risks
15
Guerilla Activity in Colombia Lack of Diversification
Storage/Transportation and Sales Dependence Core Production Base
2012 and 2013:
Highly susceptible to regional factors such as geographic remoteness or weather conditions
• The Company relies on local infrastructure and the availability of transportation for storage and shipment of its product
87
103
Colombia
Argentina
Brazil
Peru
All Other
Costayaco Field (Colombia)
Moqueta Field (Colombia)
• Tested from the T-Sandstone formation at a rate 1,353 bbl/d of 27° API oil with 0.3% water cut
• Producing at a plateau rate of17,900 bbl/d gross
Putumayo-31 Block (Colombia)
• GTE was determined to be the successful bidder of the Putumayo-31 Block in the 2014 Bid Round in Colombia subject to ANH approval
2013 Revenue Segmentation:
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
International market prices, lack of competition and reliance on a limited customers for sales
Main Buyer in Brazil
Main Buyer in Colombia
Main Colombia Delivery Contractor
Oil prices in Colombia are related to :
Guerrilla activity in Colombia increased significantlywhich creates a greater risk for operations and
employees
Areas known for breeding place of guerilla activity
Putumayo region Catatumbo region
Associate Risks
16
Susceptibility to Commodity Prices and Markets GTE vs. COA (Crude Oil, Brent Active Contract)
GTE vs. CLA (Crude Oil, WTI Contract) GTE vs. XOP (S&P E&P Index)
• GTE has a fair correlation to both crude and brent oil prices• Crude represented by CLA Index• Brent represented by COA Index
• Fair Correlation with S&P E&P Index
y = 0.3825x + 0.1367R² = 0.2539
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-10 -5 0 5 10
y = 0.1495x - 0.0823R² = 0.1048
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
-10 -5 0 5 10
y = 0.1383x - 0.239R² = 0.0962
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
-10 -5 0 5 10
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
*2013 Annual Report: “We did not engage in any formal hedging activity with regard to foreign currency risk”
• As a small-cap company, a risk premium must be attributed and considered
• No found information on any hedging position to mitigate risk
Price Target
17
Price-Volume Chart Analyst Price Target Comparison
Distribution of Analyst Ratings Target and Return Summary
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Oct-14 Aug-14 Jun-14 Apr-14 Feb-14 Dec-13
Buy Hold Price Target Price
Price November 4: 4.81Capital Return: 66.3%Dividend Return: 0%Total Implied Return: 66.3%
Target Price $8.00
Soft Stop-Loss: $4.50Hard Stop-Loss: $4.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Our Target Price
Morningstar
Desjardins Capital Markets
Mackie Research
TD Securities
Cormarck Securities
Nov 5 Price: $4.81
M
2M
4M
6M
8M
10M
12M
14M
$4.0
$5.0
$6.0
$7.0
$8.0
$9.0
$10.0
$11.0
3-Jan 28-Feb 25-Apr 20-Jun 15-Aug 10-Oct
Target Price: $8.00
Stop Loss: $4.50
Company Overview Internal/External Investment Thesis Valuation Catalysts Associate Risks Price Target
Bibliography
18
Equity Research Reports: Analyst:
Wright GTE
ValueEngine
TD Securities Jamie Somerville
MRA Research Michael Anderegg
HSBC Franciso Schumacher, Kevin Gonzalez
Morningstar David McColl
Canaccord Genuity Christopher Brown
Cormack Securities Garett Ursa, Calvin Bohdan
Desjardins Capital Justin Anderson
Mackie Research Bill Newman, Valentino Pintea
Reports:• Will Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Perform Long Term?• ValuEngine Rating and Forecast Report for GTE• Colombia Equity Insights:-Tax reform plans reinforce our underweight on
Colombian equities• (GTE-T) On the Road with GTE• Red Book Sept. 2014(report)• Permit & pipe problems present opportunity; maintain BUY
recommendation and C$9.50 target• South America Oil E & P Play – Potential Event Catalysts Upcoming• Rising Costs, Project Delays Reduced Appetite for EU Oil Shares (Bloomberg
E&P Industry Primer)• BG’s Egypt Diversions, Higher Costs Overshadow Brazil Growth• Q2/14 Results In Line; Colombian Exploration Program Provides Steady
Stream Of Catalysts• GTE's quiet summer coming to a close; catalysts set for 4Q14• THOMSON REUTERS STREETEVENTS EDITED TRANSCRIPT GTE - Q2 2014
Gran Tierra Energy Inc Earnings Call• Exploration Program Coming Up In H2/14• OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013• Company’s Annual Reports
Authors:
Marissa Goodbody
Seth Barnet
Forbes
Hasmir Abdula
Jim Brewer
Articles:• Weak On High Volume: Gran Tierra Energy (GTE)• Gran Tierra Energy Sees Large Increase in Short
Interest (GTE)• Relative Strength Alert For Gran Tierra Energy
(GTE)• Gran Tierra Energy Given Consensus Rating of
“Buy” by Analysts (NYSE:GTE)• Short Interest in Gran Tierra Energy Decreases By
18.8% (GTE)
(Sources cited and additional reading material)
Analytic Services:
Bloomberg
Thomson One
Capital IQ
Back to Table of Contents
Appendix Table of Contents
19
Click a box below to reach the slide
WACC/Cap Table
Precedent Comps
Precedent M&A List
Colombia Properties
Argentina Properties
Brazil Properties
Comps Calculations
Broker Analysis
Rolling Ratios
Institutional Ownership
Implied Valuation
Appendix
20
Multiples Implied Valuation
Low High Metric Low High
Public Company Comparables:
LTM EV / Revenue 5.1 x 5.4 x 654$ 13.77$ 14.48$
FY1 EV / Revenue 4.6 x 4.8 x 700$ 13.04 13.47
LTM EV / EBITDA 10.5 x 11.5 x 466$ 19.06 20.69
FY1 EV / EBITDA 6.6 x 6.6 x 503$ 13.27 13.40
LTM P / E 25.1 x 27.0 x 77$ 8.29 8.83
FY1 P / E 18.1 x 18.8 x 170$ 12.49 12.88
NAVPS and Book Value Multiples
P / BV 2.9 x 3.2 x 1,826$ 20.31 22.64
P / Tangible BV 2.1 x 2.2 x 1,826$ 15.20 15.74
NAVPS 6.64 10.80
DCF Valuation
DCF Multiples Method (9-13%, 3.0-7.0 x) 7.80 11.29
DCF Gordon Growth (9-13%, 1-5% Growth) 6.95 7.25
Precedent Transaction Analysis
EV / EBIT 24.1 x 30.1 x $68 7.80 11.29
EV / EBITDA 11.35 13.33 466$ 6.95 7.25
Balance Sheet Adj. 347.00
Shares Outstanding 275.00
Implied Valuation
Appendix
21
WACC Analysis and Capitalization Table
Capitalization TableConsolidated Market Cap 1,321
- Cash and Short Term 347
+ Short Term Debt -
+ Long Term Debt -
+ Preferred Stock -
+ Minority Interest -
= Enterprise Value 974
Go Back to Appendix Overview
WACC Analysis($ in millions, except per share data)
Discount Rate Calculation - Assumptions
Risk-Free Rate: 2.4%
Equity Risk Premium: 7.0%
Interest Rate on Debt: 0.0%
Comparable Companies - Unlevered Beta Calculation
Levered Equity Unlevered
Name Beta Debt Va lue Tax Rate Beta
CLAYTON WILLIAMS ENERGY, INC. 2.56 632$ 889$ 36.0% 1.76
APACHE CORPORATION 1.43 9,675 28,995 45.7% 1.21
CARRIZO OIL & GAS, INC. 2.00 1,022 2,223 35.0% 1.54
LAREDO PETROLEUM, INC 1.95 1,501 2,720 39.0% 1.46
PEYTO EXP/DEV CORP 0.40 825 4,723 35.0% 0.36
BREITBURN ENERGY PARTNERS L.P. 0.3 1812 2,274 35.0% 0.20
Median 1.69 1.33
Gran Tierra Energy Inc 1.17
Gran Tierra - Levered Beta & WACC Calculation
Unlevered Equity Levered
Beta Debt Va lue Tax Rate Beta
Gran Tierra Energy Inc 1.33 -$ 1,395$ 35% 1.33$
Cost of Equity Based on Comparables: 11.8%
Cost of Equity Based on Historical Beta: 10.6%
WACC 11.8%
WACC = Cost of Equity * % Equity + Cost of Debt * % Debt *
(1 - Tax Rate) + Cost of Preferred Stock * % Preferred Stock
Appendix
22
Precedent Transaction Analysis: Deal Breakdown and Multiples
Deal Attribute
Target Multiples # Deals Min - Max Median Min Max Average
Net Income 5 7.33 - 88.03 58.7 x 7.3 x 88.0 x 47.7 x
Free Cashflow 4 8.98 - 77.72 53.3 x 9.0 x 77.7 x 43.4 x
Income B/F XO 5 7.33 - 79.05 52.4 x 7.3 x 79.1 x 43.2 x
Net Income + Deprec 5 2.67 - 88.03 32.7 x 2.7 x 88.0 x 45.4 x
EBIT 5 3.95 - 56.33 24.1 x 4.0 x 56.3 x 30.1 x
EBITDA 5 2.15 - 24.51 11.4 x 2.2 x 24.5 x 13.3 x
Cashflow from Ops. 5 2.46 - 33.56 8.5 x 2.5 x 33.6 x 18.0 x
Revenue 6 1.23 - 193.53 8.0 x 1.2 x 193.5 x 97.4 x
Book Value 6 .94 - 68.45 6.0 x 0.9 x 68.5 x 34.7 x
Stockholder Eqty 6 .94 - 68.45 6.0 x 0.9 x 68.5 x 34.7 x
Market Cap 3 1.06 - 3.14 2.8 x 1.1 x 3.1 x 2.1 x
Total Assets 6 .58 - 21.60 1.8 x 0.6 x 21.6 x 11.1 x
Enterprise Value 3 1.25 - 2.02 1.3 x 1.3 x 2.0 x 1.6 x
Premiums Paid # Deals Volume Percent
50.01-75% 1 1.34B 8% 8%
25.01-50% 2 2.32B 13%
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
23
Precedent Transaction Analysis: Listed Deal Transactions
Deal
Type
Announce
Date Target Name Acquirer Name Seller Name
Announced Total
Value (mil.)
Payment
Type TV/EBITDA Deal Status
M&A 11/13/2013 Petrobras Energia Peru SA China National Petroleum Corp Petroleo Brasileiro SA 2600 Cash Completed
M&A 4/30/2014 Heritage Oil PLC Al Mirqab Capital SPC 1883.74 Cash 11.35 Completed
M&A 8/19/2013 BC-10 block/Brazil Sinochem International Corp Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1540 Cash Terminated
INV 6/14/2013 Petrobras Oil & Gas BV
Grupo BTG Pactual,Helios Investment Partners LLP (Fund: Helios
Investors II LP) Petroleo Brasileiro SA 1525 Cash Completed
M&A 9/29/2013 Petrominerales Ltd Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp 1335.01 Cash 2.67 Completed
M&A 11/22/2013 Northern Blizzard Resources Inc Potential Buyer
Riverstone Holdings LLC,NGP
Energy Capital Management LLC 1000 Cash Withdrawn
M&A 2/12/2014 Argentinian business YPF SA Apache Corp 852 Cash Completed
M&A 5/7/2013 Blocks BM-C-39 & BM-C-40 Petroliam Nasional Bhd Oleo e Gas Participacoes SA 850 Cash Terminated
INV 3/24/2014 Transportadora de Gas del Peru SA Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
Tecpetrol SA,Tecpetrol
International SA,Tecpetrol
Internacional SLU 607 Cash 24.51 Completed
M&A 8/16/2013 Trinidad and Tobago Holdings LLC National Gas Co of Trinidad & Tobago Ltd ConocoPhillips 600 Cash Completed
INV 12/9/2013 Oleoducto Central SA
AFP Proteccion SA,Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores,Advent
International Corp (Fund: Advent International GPE VII LP) Talisman Energy Inc 595 Cash Completed
M&A 10/14/2013 BC-10 block/Brazil Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd Petroleo Brasileiro SA 529 Cash Completed
INV 9/18/2014 Sierra Oil & Gas S de RL de CV
Infraestructura Institucional Srl,Riverstone Holdings LLC (Fund:
Riverstone Global Energy & Power Fund V LP)… 525 Cash Completed
M&A 11/19/2012 C&C Energia Ltd Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp 440.85
Cash and
Stock 2.15 Completed
M&A 11/26/2013 OFD Holding Inc Yara International ASA Omimex Resources Inc 377 Cash Completed
INV 10/31/2013 OAS Oleo e Gas FI-FGTS 357.85 Cash Completed
INV 8/20/2013
Primax Comercial Del Ecuador
SA,Manu Peru Holding SA,Atimasa SA Romero Trading SA Empresa Nacional del Petroleo 308.5 Cash Completed
M&A 3/25/2013 Occidental Quimica do Brasil Ltda Unipar Carbocloro SA Occidental Petroleum Corp 300.4 Cash Completed
M&A 12/16/2013 Harvest Vinccler Dutch Holding BV Pluspetrol Resources Corp NV,Petroandina Resources Corp NV Harvest Natural Resources Inc 275 Undisclosed Completed
M&A 11/26/2012 Block BS-4/Santos Basin Oleo e Gas Participacoes SA Petroleo Brasileiro SA 270 Cash Completed
M&A 5/13/2014 Verano Energy Ltd Parex Resources Inc 260.94
Cash and
Stock Completed
INV 11/20/2013 Transportadora de Gas del Peru SA Grana y Montero SAA Pluspetrol SA 237 Cash 18.2 Completed
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
24
Properties in Colombia
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
25
Properties in Argentina that were Sold
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
26
Properties in Brazil
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
27
Comparable Companies - Exploration Oil and Gas Companies, with Market Caps Above 800M($ in Millions Except Per Share and Per Unit Data)
Operating Stati s t i cs Capi ta l i za tion Projected Projected
Equi ty Enterpri se Revenue EBITDA Reported Net Incom e Revenue EBITDA EBITDA Marg in
Com pany Nam e Value Va lue LTM F Y1 LTM F Y1 LTM F Y1 G rowth G rowth LTM F Y1
CLAYTON WILLIAMS ENERGY 889$ 1,486$ 486$ 466$ 292$ 307$ 55$ 42$ 83.8% 103.7% 60.2% 65.9%
APACHE CORPORATION 28,995 39,505 15,347 14,255 10,239 10,052 15 2,431 21.1% (22.7%) 66.7% 70.5%
CARRIZO OIL & GAS 2,223 3,236 625 710 273 544 (11) 122 144.5% (17.5%) 43.7% 76.6%
LAREDO PETROLEUM 2,720 3,821 681 759 418 533 62 130 50.7% (1.8%) 61.5% 70.2%
PEYTO EXP & DEV CORP 4,723 5,558 620 821 515 638 181 254 35.8% 38.6% 83.0% 77.7%
BREITBURN ENERGY 2,274 4,268 838 780 167 463 (198) (54) 31.9% (16.2%) 19.9% 59.4%
Median 2,497$ 4 ,044$ 653$ 769$ 355$ 538$ 35$ 126$ 43 .2% (9.0%) 60.8% 70.3%
Mean 6,971$ 3 ,382$ 621$ 722$ 278$ 481$ (5 )$ 62$ 32 .9% (17.2%) 47.8% 67.0%
Gran Tierra Energy Inc 1 ,395$ 1 ,047$ 654$ 700$ 466$ 503$ 77$ 170$ 37 .0% (5.5%) 71.4% 71.9%
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
28
Broker Analyst Recommendation Target Date
HSBC LUIZ CARVALHO overweight 7.94 20-Nov-14
JPMorgan FELIPE DOS SANTOS overweight 10.23 13-Nov-14
RBC Capital Markets NATHAN PIPER outperform 11.00 10-Nov-14
Canaccord Genuity Corp CHRISTOPHER BROWN buy 9.50 10-Nov-14
Morningstar, Inc JASON STEVENS buy 10-Nov-14
Cormark Securities Inc. GARETT URSU buy 9.00 7-Nov-14
FirstEnergy Capital Corp DARREN B ENGELS outperform 9.00 7-Nov-14
TD Securities JAMIE SOMERVILLE buy 10.00 7-Nov-14
Mackie Research Capital Corp. BILL NEWMAN buy 8.75 7-Nov-14
Credit Suisse DAVID PHUNG outperform 8.58 6-Nov-14
Peters & Co Ltd DAN GRAGER sector outperform 7.50 6-Nov-14
Scotia Capital GAVIN WYLIE sector outperform 11.00 6-Nov-14
Paradigm Capital Inc IAN W MACQUEEN buy 9.25 6-Nov-14
GMP DAVID BEDDIS buy 10.75 6-Nov-14
Edgecrest Capital VICTOR VALLANCE buy 7.00 6-Nov-14
Goldman Sachs SERGIO CONTI neutral/neutral 7.50 26-Oct-14
ITG Investment Research IAN NIEBOER no rating system 8-Jul-14
EVA Dimensions NEIL FONSECA buy 28-Apr-14
Morningstar, Inc DAVID MCCOLL hold 10.00 8-Apr-14
Jennings Capital JAMES HUMEN Under Review 31-Jan-14
Tudor Pickering & Co MATTHEW PORTILLO hold 11.15 29-Jan-14
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Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
29
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14
Price Earnings Ratio (Rolling FY1, FY2, FY3)
P/E FY1 P/E FY2 P/E FY3
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14
EV EBITDA Ratio (Rolling FY1, FY2, FY3)
EV/EBITDA FY1 EV/EBITDA FY2 EV/EBITDA FY3
Rolling Ratios P / E and EV / EBITDA
Go Back to Appendix Overview
Appendix
30
Institutional Ownership Breakdown
Holder Name Position Position Change Market Value
% of
Ownership Report Date Source Country
FMR LLC 19,572,002 -3,980,589 100,600,090 7.09% 9/30/2014 ULT-AGG UNITED STATES
MASSACHUSETTS FINANC 15,572,380 5,841,019 80,042,033 5.64% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
WASATCH ADVISORS INC 13,257,723 1,359,621 68,144,696 4.80% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
AMBER CAPITAL LP 9,035,358 -1,203,009 46,441,740 3.27% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 8,473,686 66,514 43,554,746 3.07% 9/30/2014 ULT-AGG UNITED STATES
CANADA PENSION PLAN 8,408,300 -1,573,302 43,218,662 3.05% 9/30/2014 13F CANADA
GRANTHAM MAYO VAN OT 5,373,162 625,962 27,618,053 1.95% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
INVESCO LTD 4,883,043 68,103 25,098,841 1.77% 9/30/2014 ULT-AGG CANADA
BCIMC INVESTMENT MAN 4,801,338 0 24,678,877 1.74% 3/31/2014 CAN-PE CANADA
FRANKLIN RESOURCES 4,491,102 440,401 23,084,264 1.63% 9/30/2014 ULT-AGG UNITED STATES
INGALLS & SNYDER 4,489,453 127,000 23,075,788 1.63% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
IG INVESTMENT MANAGE 4,451,039 -312,930 22,878,340 1.61% 9/30/2014 13F CANADA
CARMIGNAC GESTION 4,327,000 0 22,240,780 1.57% 9/30/2014 MF-AGG FRANCE
THORNBURG INVESTMENT 4,072,673 0 20,933,539 1.48% 6/30/2014 MF-USA UNITED STATES
SCHRODER INVESTMENT 3,711,312 -1,534,457 19,076,144 1.34% 9/30/2014 13F BRITAIN
LIBRA ADVISORS LLC 3,505,880 2,544,200 18,020,223 1.27% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
NUMERIC INVESTORS LL 3,411,726 571,600 17,536,272 1.24% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
GRANDEUR PEAK GLOBAL 3,078,350 390,225 15,822,719 1.12% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
VANGUARD GROUP INC 3,034,285 233,557 15,596,225 1.10% 9/30/2014 13F UNITED STATES
TORONTO-DOMINION BAN 2,864,691 -52,072 14,724,512 1.04% 9/30/2014 ULT-AGG CANADA
Go Back to Appendix Overview