Guía de Estudio

50 most common nouns

Área (área) Family (familia) Month (mes) Program (programa) Thing (cosa)

Book (libro)Government(gobierno)

Mother (madre) Question (pregunta) Time (time)

Business (negocio) Group (grupo) Mr. (Sr.)Right

(derecha/derecho)Water (agua)

Case (caso) Hand (mano) Night (noche) Room (habitación) Way (vía, manera)

Child (niño/hijo) Home (hogar) Number (número) School (colegio) Week (semana)

Company (compañía) Job (trabajo) Part (parte) State (estado) Woman (mujer)

Country (país) Life (vida) People (gente) Story (historia) Word (palabra)

Day (día) Lot (montón) Place (lugar) Student (estudiante) Work (trabajo)

Eye (ojo) Man (hombre) Point (punto) Study (estudiar) World (mundo)

Fact (hecho) Money (dinero) Problema (problema) System (sistema) Year (año)

50 most common verbs

Ask (preguntar) Find (encontrar) Let (permitir) Play (jugar) Talk (conversar)

Be (ser/estar) Get (obtener) Like (gustar) Put (poner) Tell (decir)

Become (convertir) Give (dar) Live (vivir) Run (correr) Think (pensar)

Begin (comenzar) Go (ir) Look (mirar) Say (decir) Try (intentar)

Call (llamar) Have (tener) Make (hacer/crear) See (ver) Turn (girar)

Can (poder) Hear (oír) May (posibilidad) Seem (aparentar) Use (usar)

Come (venir) Help (ayudar) Mean (significar) Should (deber) Want (querer)

Could (pude/podría)

Keep (mantener) Might (posibilidad) Show (mostrar) Will (acción futura)

Do (hacer) Know (saber) Move (mover)Start (empezar,

inciar)Work (trabajar)

Feel (sentir) Leave (dejar) Need (necesitar) Take (tomar)Would (terminación

–ía en verbos)

50 most common adjectives

able easy important national right

bad economic international new small

best federal large old social

better free late only special

big full little other strong

black good local political sure

certain great long possible true

clear hard low public white

different high major real whole

early human military recent young

Greetings• Good morning

• Good afternoon

• Good evening

• Hey / Hi / Hello

• How are you doing?

• How’s everything?

• How is your day going so far?

• What’s up?

• What’s going on?

• Nice to see/hear you!

• Nice to talk to you!

• Great meeting you!

• Pleasure to meet you!

Farewells• Have a good day.

• Have yourself a great Day/night.

• See you later.

• See you soon.

• See you on…. (date)

• Goodbye / Bye

• Take care.

• Enjoy the rest of your day.

• Peace!

Class Questions• I didn’t hear you; can you please

repeat?• How do you say ______ in

English?• Excuse, I have a question?• What is the meaning of______?• Can you please write it?• Can you spell that please?• Can you please give a couple of

minutes, I’ll be right back.• Can you send the picture please?

Numbers

LEARN THESE

1 one

THE TENS

10 ten

2 two 20 twenty

3 three 30 thirty

4 four 40 forty

5 five 50 fifty

6 six 60 sixty

7 seven 70 seventy

8 eight 80 eighty

9 nine 90 ninety

10 ten

THE HUNDREDS

100 one hundred

11 eleven 200 two hundred

12 twelve 300 three hundred

THE TEENS

13 thirteen 400 four hundred

14 fourteen 500 five hundred

15 fifteen

THE THOUSANDS

1000 one thousand

16 sixteen 2000 two thousand

17 seventeen 3000 three thousand

18 eighteen 4000 four thousand

19 nineteen 5000 five thousand

How to read?12, 752 = twelve thousand seven hundred fifty-two.How many thousands? TwelveHow many hundreds? SevenHow many tens? FiftyHow many units? Two

Special considerations

•When saying large numbers, don’t use plural (thousands, millions).

•Use commas to separate numbers, not periods.

•People often say "a" instead of "one" before hundred, thousand (a thousand is one thousand, a hundred is one hundred).

FORMS OF VERBS

To eat / eat

Infinitive / bare infinitiveAfter an auxiliary or modal, weuse the full infinitive.

Eating Progressive

•Used in all progressive tenses.•Can be used as a noun (Smokingis bad) and in this case it is known as gerund.

Eats Third personUsed when the action is inpresent and the subject is a thirdperson-singular.

Ate Past

•Used for actions that happenedbefore now.•There are regular verbs andirregular verbs.

Eaten Past participle•Used in all perfect tenses.•Also used for descriptions(broken window).

Verbs in English have five (5) conjugations:

Verb to be

Subject Present Present participle Past Past participle Future

I am

being

was

been will be

You are were

He / She / It is was

We / You / They

are were

The verb to be has more conjugations:

Simple Tenses

Future Present Past

Auxiliaryverb

Will Do/Does Did

Verb will + verb

Infinitive.Add –s* in 3rd person.

*Verbs ending in -o, -ss, -z, -x,-sh, or -ch, add –es.If the verb ends in consonant+ y, add -ies

Affirmative sentences change the verb –ed, -d and –ied.

*Some verbs areirregular

QuestionsWill + subject +

verb?Will he come?

Do + subject + verb?Do you care?

Did + subject + verb?

Did they call?

Progressive Tenses

Future Present Past

Auxiliaryverb

will be

(to be)*

*According to subject.Are, is, am

was/were

Verb Progressive.

QuestionsWill + subject + verb?

Will he be working?(Be) + subject + verb?

Is she studying?

Was/were + subject +

verb?

Were they asking?

Perfect Tenses

Future Present Past

Auxiliaryverb

will have have/has had

Verb Past participle.

QuestionsWill + subject + have +

verb?Will he have finished?

Have + subject + verb?Have you eaten?

Had + subject + verb?Had they called?

REGULAR VERBSVerb Past tense Past participle Significado

Accept Accepted Accepted Aceptar

Act Acted Acted Actuar

Achieve Achieved Achieved Lograr, Alcanzar

Admire Admired Admired Admirar

Advise Advised Advised Aconsejar

Affect Affected Affected Afectar

Agree Agreed Agreed Acordar

Amaze Amazed Amazed Asombrar

Amuse Amused Amused Divertir

Answer Answered Answered Responder

Appear Appeared Appeared Aparecer

Arrange Arranged Arranged Arreglar, Disponer

Arrive Arrived Arrived Llegar

Ask Asked Asked Preguntar

Attack Attacked Attacked Atacar

Bake Baked Baked Hornear

Behave Behaved Behaved Comportarse

Believe Believed Believed Creer

Belong Belonged Belonged Pertenecer

Blame Blamed Blamed Culpar

Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Pedir prestado

Bother Bothered Bothered Molestar

Call Called Called Llamar

Cancel Canceled Canceled Cancelar, Suprimir

REGULAR VERBSCarry Carried Carried Cargar/Llevar

Cause Caused Caused Causar

Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated Celebrar

Clean Cleaned Cleaned Limpiar

Clear Cleared Cleared Aclarar

Climb Climbed Climbed Trepar

Close Closed Closed Cerrar

Compare Compared Compared Comparar

Compete Competed Competed Competir

Complete Completed Completed Completar

Contain Contained Contained Contener

Continue Continued Continued Continuar

Cook Cooked Cooked Cocinar

Correct Corrected Corrected Corregir

Cough Coughed Coughed Toser

Count Counted Counted Contar

Crash Crashed Crashed Chocar

Create Created Created Crear

Cross Crossed Crossed Cruzar

Curse Cursed Cursed Maldecir

Change Changed Changed Cambiar

Chase Chased Chased Perseguir

Chat Chatted Chatted Charlar

Check Checked Checked Verificar

Damage Damaged Damaged Dañar

REGULAR VERBSDate Dated Dated Salir con

Decide Decided Decided Decidir

Deliver Delivered Delivered Entregar

Depend Depended Depended Depender

Describe Described Described Describir

Design Designed Designed Diseñar

Destroy Destroyed Destroyed Destruir

Dicrease Dicreased Dicreased Disminuir

Die Died Died Morir

Disagree Disagreed Disagreed Estar en desacuerdo

Discover Discovered Discovered Descubrir

Discuss Discussed Discussed Discutir

Disturb Disturbed Disturbed Molestar

Dress Dressed Dressed Vestir

Dry Dried Dried Secar

Eliminate Eliminated Eliminated Eliminar

End Ended Ended Terminar

Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Disfrutar

Entertain Entertained Entertained Entretener

Excuse Excused Excused Excusar

Exercise Exercised Exercised Ejercitar

Exhibit Exhibited Exhibited Exhibir

Expect Expected Expected Esperar

Express Expressed Expressed Expresar

Film Filmed Filmed Filmar

REGULAR VERBSFish Fished Fished Pescar

Fix Fixed Fixed Arreglar, Fijar

Follow Followed Followed Seguir

Freeze Freezed Freezed Congelar

Greet Greeted Greeted Saludar

Guess Guessed Guessed Adivinar, Suponer

Hail Hailed Hailed Granizar

Handle Handled Handled Manejar

Happen Happened Happened Suceder

Hate Hated Hated Odiar

Help Helped Helped Ayudar

Hope Hoped Hoped Esperar

Hunt Hunted Hunted Cazar

Identify Identified Identified Identificar

Ignore Ignored Ignored Ignorar

Imagine Imagined Imagined Imaginar

Impress Impressed Impressed Impresionar

Improve Improved Improved Mejorar

Include Included Included Incluir

Increase Increased Increased Aumentar

Interview Interviewed Interviewed Entrevistar

Introduce Introduced Introduced Introducir, Presentar

Invite Invited Invited Invitar

Jog Jogged Jogged Trotar

Join Joined Joined Juntar, Unir, Acompañar

REGULAR VERBSKnock Knocked Knocked Golpear

Label Labeled Labeled Rotular, Etiquetar

Land Landed Landed Aterrizar

Last Lasted Lasted Durar

Learn Learned Learned Aprender

Like Liked Liked Gustarle a uno

Link Linked Linked Unir, Vincular

List Listed Listed Listar

Listen Listened Listened Escuchar

Live Lived Lived Vivir

Locate Located Located Ubicar

Look Looked Looked Mirar, Parecer

Love Loved Loved Amar, Encantarle a uno

Manage Managed Managed Manejar, Dirigir

Mark Marked Marked Marcar

Match Matched Matched Unir, Aparejar

Measure Measured Measured Medir

Mention Mentioned Mentioned Mencionar

Miss Missed Missed Perderse, Echar de menos, Perder

Move Moved Moved Mover, Mudar

Name Named Named Nombrar

Need Needed Needed Necesitar

Note Noted Noted Notar

Notice Noticed Noticed Notar, Fijarse

Number Numbered Numbered Numerar

REGULAR VERBSOpen Opened Opened Abrir

Order Ordered Ordered Ordenar

Organize Organized Organized Organizar

Pack Packed Packed Empacar

Paint Painted Painted Pintar

Pamper Pampered Pampered Regalonear

Pardon Pardoned Pardoned Perdonar

Park Parked Parked Estacionar

Participate Participated Participated Participar

Pass Passed Passed Pasar, Aprobar

Perform Performed Performed Realizar, Ejecutar

Persuade Persuaded Persuaded Persuadir

Pick Picked Picked Recoger

Plan Planned Planned Planear

Play Played Played Jugar, Tocar,

Please Pleased Pleased Complacer

Practice Practiced Practiced Practicar

Predict Predicted Predicted Predecir

Prefer Preferred Preferred Preferir

Present Presented Presented Presentar

Program Programmed Programmed Programar

Protect Protected Protected Proteger

Provide Provided Provided Proporcionar

Purchase Purchased Purchased Comprar

Push Pushed Pushed Empujar

REGULAR VERBSReceive Received Received Recibir

Recommend Recommended Recommended Recomendar

Relate Related Related Relacionar

Relax Relaxed Relaxed Descansar

Release Released Released Soltar, Producir

Remember Remembered Remembered Recordar

Repair Repaired Repaired Reparar

Repeat Repeated Repeated Repetir

Resist Resisted Resisted Resistir

Rest Rested Rested Descansar

Return Returned Returned Volver

Review Reviewed Reviewed Revisar

Sail Sailed Sailed Navegar

Save Saved Saved Ahorrar, Salvar

Scan Scanned Scanned Examinar

Scare Scared Scared Asustar

Share Shared Shared Compartir

Shop Shopped Shopped Comprar

Shout Shouted Shouted Gritar

Skate Skated Skated Patinar

Ski Skied Skied Esquiar

Slow Slowed Slowed Disminuir

Sneeze Sneezed Sneezed Estornudar

Snow Snowed Snowed Nevar

Solve Solved Solved Resolver

REGULAR VERBSStart Started Started Empezar

Step Stepped Stepped Pisar

Stop Stopped Stopped Detener

Stress Stressed Stressed Acentuar

Study Studied Studied Estudiar

Substitute Substituted Substituted Sustituir

Suggest Suggested Suggested Sugerir

Surprise Surprised Surprised Sorprender

Talk Talked Talked Hablar

Taste Tasted Tasted Probar

Terrorize Terrorized Terrorized Aterrorizar

Thank Thanked Thanked Agradecer

Touch Touched Touched Tocar

Travel Traveled Traveled Viajar

Try Tried Tried Tratar

Tune Tuned Tuned Sintonizar

Turn Turned Turned Girar

Underline Underlined Underlined Subrayar

Use Used Used Usar

Vary Varied Varied Variar

Wait Waited Waited Esperar

Walk Walked Walked Caminar

Want Wanted Wanted Desear

Warn Warned Warned Advertir

Wash Washed Washed Lavar

REGULAR VERBS

Water Watered Watered Regar

Welcome Welcomed Welcomed Recibir

Wish Wished Wished Desear

Witness Witnessed Witnessed Ser testigo

Work Worked Worked Trabajar, funcionar

Worry Worried Worried Preocuparse

Wrestle Wrestled Wrestled Luchar

IRREGULAR VERBS

Verb Past tense Past participle Significado

Arise Arose Arisen Surgir

Awake Awoke Awoken Despertar(se)

Bear Bore Borne Soportar

Beat Beat Beaten Golpear

Become Became Become Convertirse en

Begin Began Begun Empezar

Bend Bent Bent Doblar(se)

Bet Bet Bet Apostar

Bid Bid Bid Pujar

Bind Bound Bound Encuadernar

Bite Bit Bitten Morder

Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar

Blow Blew Blown Soplar

Break Broke Broken Romper

Breed Bred Bred Criar

Bring Brought Brought Traer

Build Built Built Construir

Burn Burnt Burnt Quemar(se)

Burst Burst Burst Estallar

Buy Bought Bought Comprar

Cast Cast Cast Tirar

IRREGULAR VERBS

Catch Caught Caught Coger

Choose Chose Chosen Elegir

Cling Clung Clung Aferrarse

Come Came Come Venir

Cost Cost Cost Costar

Creep Crept Crept Arrastrar

Cut Cut Cut Cortar

Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar

Dig Dug Dug Cavar

Do Did Done Hacer

Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar

Dream Dreamt Dreamt Soñar

Drink Drank Drunk Beber

Drive Drove Driven Conducir

Eat Ate Eaten Comer

Fall Fell Fallen Caer(se)

Feed Fed Fed Alimentar

Feel Felt Felt Sentirse

Fight Fought Fought Pelearse

IRREGULAR VERBS

Find Found Found Encontrar

Flee Fled Fled Huir

Fly Flew Flown Volar

Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir

Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar(se)

Forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar

Freeze Froze Frozen Helar(se)

Get Got Got Conseguir

Give Gave Given Dar

Go Went Gone Irse

Grind Ground Ground Moler

Grow Grew Grown Crecer

Hang Hung Hung Colgar

Have Had Had Haber, tener

Hear Heard Heard Escuchar

Hide Hid Hidden Esconder(se)

Hit Hit Hit Golpear

Hold Held Held Agarrar(se)

Hurt Hurt Hurt Hacer daño

Keep Kept Kept Guardar

Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse

Know Knew Known Saber, conocer

Lay Laid Laid Poner

Lead Led Led Llevar

Lean Leant Leant Apoyarse

IRREGULAR VERBS

Learn Learnt Learnt Aprender

Leave Left Left Dejar

Lend Lent Lent Prestar

Let Let Let Permitir

Lie Lay Lain Echarse

Light Lit Lit Encender(se)

Lose Lost Lost Perder

Make Made Made Hacer

Mean Meant Meant Significar

Meet Met Met Encontrar(se)

Overcome Overcame Overcome Vencer

Pay Paid Paid Pagar

Put Put Put Poner

Read Read Read Leer

Ride Rode Ridden Montar

Ring Rang Rung Sonar

Rise Rose Risen Levantarse

Run Ran Run Correr

Saw Sawed Sawn Serrar

Say Said Said Decir

See Saw Seen Ver

Seek Sought Sought Buscar

IRREGULAR VERBS

Sell Sold Sold Vender(se)

Send Sent Sent Enviar

Set Set Set Poner

Sew Sewed Sewn Coser

Shake Shook Shaken Agitar

Shear Sheared Shorn Esquilar

Shine Shone Shone Brillar

Shoot Shot Shot Disparar

Show Showed Shown Mostrar

Shrink Shrank Shrunk Encoger(se)

Shut Shut Shut Cerrar(se)

Sing Sang Sung Cantar

Sink Sank Sunk Hundir(se)

Sit Sat Sat Sentar(se)

Sleep Slept Slept Dormir

Slide Slid Slid Resbalar

Smell Smelt Smelt Oler

Sow Sowed Sown Sembrar

Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar

Speed Sped Sped Acelerar

Spell Spelt Spelt Deletrear

Spend Spent Spent Pasar, gastar

IRREGULAR VERBS

Spit Spat Spat Escupir

Split Split Split Hender

Spoil Spoilt Spoilt Estropear(se)

Spread Spread Spread Extender(se)

Stand Stood Stood Estar de pie

Steal Stole Stolen Robar

Stick Stuck Stuck Pegar(se)

Sting Stung Stung Picar

Stink Stank Stunk Apestar

Strike Struck Struck Golpear

Strive Strove Striven Esforzarse

Swear Swore Sworn Jurar

Sweep Swept Swept Barrer

Swim Swam Swum Nadar

Swing Swung Swung Balancear(se)

Take Took Taken Tomar(se)

Teach Taught Taught Enseñar

Tear Tore Torn Romper(se)

Tell Told Told Contar, decir

Think Thought Thought Pensar

Throw Threw Thrown Lanzar

Tread Trod Trodden Pisar

IRREGULAR VERBS

Undergo Underwent Undergone Sufrir

Understand Understood Understood Entender

Upset Upset Upset Afligir

Wake Woke Woken Despertar(se)

Wear Wore Worn Llevar (puesto)

Weave Wove Woven Tejer

Weep Wept Wept Llorar

Win Won Won Ganar

Wind Wound Wound Enrollar

Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Retirar(se)

Wring Wrung Wrung Torcer

Write Wrote Written Escribir

Phrasal VerbsAGREE WITH estar de acuerdo con All women are bad drivers. "I don't agree with you."

BE ABOUT TO estar a punto de I was about to leave the house when my friends arrived.

BE BACK regresar I'm working late at the office tonight so I won't be back until 10.

BE OUT OF quedarse sin We're out of eggs so we can't make a tortilla.

BE OVER terminarse When the football match was over, we went to the pub.

BE UP estar levantado Phil isn't up yet: he's still in bed. Phone again in ten minutes.

BLOW UP estallar (una bomba) The bomb blew up killing six people.

BLOW UP inflar We blew up at least a hundred balloons for the Christmas party.

BREAK DOWN averiarse My car broke down on the way to Motril.

CALL BACK volver a llamar I'm afraid the manager isn't here at the moment. Could you call back later?

CARRY ON seguir. continuar I'm sorry if I interrupted you. Please carry on.

CARRY OUT cumplir (una promesa) The President carried out his promise to reduce taxation.

CARRY OUT llevar a cabo The execution was carried out at seven o'clock in the morning.

CLEAR UP poner en orden It took four hours to clear up after the party.

COME ACROSS encontrar, dar con I came across an old friend on the metro in Madrid.

Phrasal VerbsCOME BACK regresar I'm going to England for two weeks. I'm coming back on the

fifth.

COME IN entrar Good morning. Come in and sit down.

COME ON ¡Vamos!, ¡Date prisa! Come on. We're going to be late.

CUT DOWN ON consumir menos You must cut down on cholesterol or you'll have a heart attack.

CUT OFF cortar, desconnectar When we didn't pay the bill, the electricity was cut off.

CUT UP cortar en pedazos We cut up the birthday cake and gave everyone a slice.

DO UP abrochar, atar I was five before I knew how to do up my shoelaces.

DO WITH tener algo que ver con, tener relación con

What's MS DOS? "It's got something to do with computers."

DO WITHOUT pasarse sin, prescindir de The shops are shut so we'll have to do without sugar.

DRAW UP pararse The car drew up at the zebra crossing.

GET BACK volver, regresar Cinderella had to get back by twelve o'clock.

GET IN(TO) entrar I lost my keys and so I couldn't get into the house.

GET OFF bajar (de un autobus, tren) You have to get off the bus at the next stop if you want the station.

GET ON subir (a un autobus, tren, moto) Quick! Get on the train, it's about to leave.

GET UP levantarse When I got up this morning it was still dark.

Phrasal VerbsGIVE BACK devolver If you don't like the dress, the shop will give you your money

back.

GIVE UP perder la esperanza, rendirse If you find phrasal verbs difficult, don't give up.

GIVE UP dejar (de fumar, beber) You'll get cancer if you don't give up smoking.

GO AHEAD ¡Siga! Can I use the telephone? "Yes, go ahead."

GO AWAY irse, marcharse Are you going away for Christmas, or are you staying at home.

GO BACK volver, regresar Although she's forty, she's going back to University to study French.

GO DOWN bajar The price of fruit goes down in the summer.

GO OUT salir (por la calle) I always go out and have a few drinks on Saturday night.

GO UP subir The price of cigarettes went up in January 1992.

HANG ON/HOLD ON

esperar Hold on for a minute as Pablo will be back in five minute.

HANG UP colgar (el teléfono) I am busy, I need to hang up right now.

KEEP UP WITH mantenerse (a la altura de) I can't keep up with my father when we go cycling as he goes too fast.

KNOCK DOWN derribar, atropear, demoler My grandfather's old house was knocked down and a bank was built.

LEAVE BEHIND olvidar, dejar When I got to the airport, I realised I had left my passport behind.

LET IN dejar entrar She opened the door and let in the cat.