Guide to CDMA Network Planning and Optimization -20030115-B-1.0

8/10/2019 Guide to CDMA Network Planning and Optimization -20030115-B-1.0

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Document No. Product name

User Huawei engineers Product Version

Compiled by:

Wireless Network System

Research Department Version V1.0

Guide to CDMA Network Planning andOptimization

Prepared by: Cellular Networking Research Team Date: 2002/12/16

Reviewed by:Wireless Network System ResearchDepartment

Date: 2003/01/06

Reviewed by: Date:

Approved by: Date:

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved.


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Revision Record

Date Revised version Description Author

2002/12/16 V1.0 First draft finished. Li Yunzhi

2003/01/15 V1.0Converted into HTML format for on-line technical supportdocument

Ma Mingming


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Table of Contents

1 Task and Procedure of Network Planning and Optimization.................................................... 4

2 Network Pre-planning................................................................................................................... 5

3 Network Planning.......................................................................................................................... 6

3.1 Procedures and Major Concerns.......................................................................................... 6

3.1.1 Normal Procedure...................................................................................................... 6

3.1.2 Assignment of Network Planning Task ...................................................................... 7

3.1.3 Preparation for Network Planning.............................................................................. 7

3.1.4 Establishment of Network Planning Principle and Guideline..................................... 9

3.1.5 Initial Simulation......................................................................................................... 9

3.1.6 Field Communication ............................................................................................... 11

3.1.7 Interference Test ...................................................................................................... 14

3.1.8 Planning Guideline and Strategy.............................................................................. 15

3.1.9 Site Survey............................................................................................................... 15

3.1.10 Simulation and Site Adjustment............................................................................. 18

3.1.11 Simulation and Site Confirmation........................................................................... 18

3.1.12 Network Planning Report ....................................................................................... 19

3.1.13 Report Documentation ........................................................................................... 20

3.2 Key Parameter Planning..................................................................................................... 20

3.2.1 Data Configuration and Data Configuration Script................................................... 20

3.2.2 Power Configuration and Power Control Parameters.............................................. 21

3.2.3 Access Parameters .................................................................................................. 21

3.2.4 Location Area Division and Registration Parameters .............................................. 21

3.2.5 Paging Modes and Parameters................................................................................ 22

3.2.6 Load Control............................................................................................................. 22

3.2.7 Data Service Parameter Setting............................................................................... 23

3.2.8 Search Window Setting............................................................................................ 23

3.2.9 Deployment Data Review......................................................................................... 23

3.3 Common Problems in Network Planning............................................................................ 23

3.3.1 Multiple Solutions for Coverage............................................................................... 23

3.3.2 Application of High BTS ........................................................................................... 24

3.3.3 BTS Survey .............................................................................................................. 24

3.3.4 Parameter Configuration .......................................................................................... 25

4 Network Optimization ................................................................................................................. 25

4.1 Introduction to Network Optimization Process.................................................................... 25

4.1.1 Preparation............................................................................................................... 26


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4.1.2 Network Operating Data Collection.......................................................................... 27

4.1.3 Network Operating Data Analysis and Network Evaluation..................................... 29

4.1.4 Optimization Recommendation and Adjustment...................................................... 29

4.1.5 Optimization Verification .......................................................................................... 31

4.1.6 Optimization Report Output...................................................................................... 31

4.1.7 Network Optimization at Office Deployment Period................................................. 31

4.2 Network Problem Handling Procedure ............................................................................... 33

4.2.1 Confirming Problem Scenario .................................................................................. 33

4.2.2 Dialing Test for Faulty Area...................................................................................... 34

4.2.3 Checking Product Version........................................................................................ 34

4.2.4 Checking Alarm Data ............................................................................................... 34

4.2.5 Analyzing Traffic Measurement Data....................................................................... 34

4.2.6 Analyzing Drive Test Data........................................................................................ 34

4.2.7 Checking Equipment and Data Configuration.......................................................... 35

4.2.8 Locating Problem and Implementing Optimization .................................................. 36

4.2.9 Verifying Optimization Measures ............................................................................. 36

4.3 Common Problems in Network Optimization Process........................................................ 36

4.4 Main Parameters of Network Optimization ......................................................................... 36

5 Document Requirement for Network Planning and Optimization.......................................... 37

5.1 Document Output Requirement at Pre-planning Stage...................................................... 37

5.2 Document Output Requirement at Planning Stage ............................................................ 37

5.3 Document Output Requirement at Optimization Stage ...................................................... 38

5.4 Reference Documents........................................................................................................ 38


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1 Task and Procedure of Network Planning and

Optimization

Network planning and optimization are two key elements throughout the whole process

of mobile network construction. Here presents the brief introduction to the

implementation of a specific project.

The major task of network planning is to provide a specific planning for a project. The

solution covers the network planning strategy, planning analysis method, site planning

and survey, engineering parameter planning, neighbor cell and PN planning, and

network system parameter planning.

The major task of network optimization is to adjust the engineering parameters and

system parameters of an operating network, so that the network performance can live up

to the design requirement; or further expand the network according to the development

of the network.

The following figure shows the procedure of network planning and optimization.

Optimization

Installation and

commissioning

System design

Survey

Simulation

Traffic coverageanalysis

Optimization

Installation and

commissioning

System design

Survey

Simulation

Traffic coverageanalysis

The network planning covers traffic coverage analysis through installation and

commissioning. After the equipment has been installed and commissioned and gone into

operation, if the network quality cannot meet the anticipated target, the network should

be optimized.

Having a clear idea about the positions and functions of network planning and

optimization in the whole network construction helps distinguish and command the focal

point of each section.


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2 Network Pre-planning

This section introduces the relationship between the pre-planning and the actual project

planning to enable the network planning engineers better understand the wholeprocedures of network planning and optimization.

The above flow chart shows that traffic coverage analysis (carry out simulation if possible)

falls into the pre-planning phase. Pre-planning is the prelude to the whole network

planning and optimization.

Pre-planning is a preliminary design of the network and thus is relatively rough

compared with the actual project planning.

The following shows the process of pre-planning:

Customer requirement analysis --> Capacity and coverage estimation -->

Simulation (if possible) --> Field communication and initial field survey -->

Pre-planning solution

Customer requirement analysis aims to understand the requirements of the customer

and the network construction background, which will be incorporated with Huawei

strategy to find out the planning solution. The basic input document at this phase is the

bidding document.

Capacity and coverage estimation is done to prepare the network planning and

configuration according to the customers specific requirements (such as coverage,

capacity, and quality) and the features of equipment. The planning and configuration

include the networking mode, number of BTSs, channel configuration, antenna feeder

system, etc. The quality and expandability of the wireless network, as well as the cost,

must be taken into consideration in order to excel others in bidding.

During the coverage analysis, to better suit the project, the intended service area must

be segmented and different analysis and strategies should be applied to different areas.

Signal propagation mode varies with areas and determines the design principle of the

radio network, network structure, service level, and frequency multiplexing mode in that

coverage area. Generally, the coverage areas can be divided into densely-populated

area, downtown area, suburb, town, countryside, the border areas between the previous

areas, and various highways, railways, or airways. For detailed information, see Network

Pre-planning Report Template.

Simulation process is to verify the preliminary planning or pre-planning. But as the

items of pre-planning are numerous, simulation is impossible for most of the projects

considering the requirement of electronic map, time, and human resource.

For the expansion of large project, it is also necessary to communicate with the

customer and carry out initial field survey at the pre-planning stage. The purpose of

communication is to further understand the requirements of the customer and impress


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the customer with Huawei expansion solution so as to make Huawei more competitive in

the bidding. Meanwhile, to comply with the customers requirement, preliminary BTS site

selection will be done to come up with a real customized solution. However, the major

concern of the site selection at this stage is the overall coverage and capacity rather than

the technical details concerning usability of the site. For the basic principle, see

CDMA1X BTS Survey Specification.

After pre-planning is completed, pre-planning report must be submitted. Its contents are

detailed in CDMA Pre-planning Report Template.

The Pre-planning Solution is used to support the bidding. Once Huawei wins the bidding,

the specific network planning procedure begins and the Pre-planning Solution will serve

as an important reference for the subsequent planning.

3 Network Planning

3.1 Procedures and Major Concerns

3.1.1 Normal Procedure

Network planning starts when a contract is singed, and ends when the network planning

report is submitted.

A normal procedure of network planning is shown below:

Preparation --> Simulation (optional) --> Field communication --> Site survey

(simulation and site selection adjustment) --> Field communication --> Site

selection confirmation --> Planning report output

Input:Contract, checklist, and customer requirements.

Procedures:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

Analyze the customers requirements and put forward the guideline and strategy for

network planning.

Perform simulation (if possible)

Carry out field planning

Communicate with the customer to further understand the requirements and

environment;

Get familiar with the environment;

Perform interference test (if necessary);

Perform site survey;

Perform simulation (if possible);


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9) Communicate with the customer and determine the BTS site and feeder antenna

parameters.

Output:

Network planning report, including network planning report, engineering parameter list

and partial system parameter planning.

3.1.2 Assignment of Network Planning Task

Network planning is carried out by the network planning department.

Whenever a contract is signed, a project manager will be assigned for this project by the

company or the regional office. This project manger will develop the specific schedule

according to the requirements and the plan of the project. The schedule will cover the

network planning and optimization part. The project manager notifies each department

of the detailed plan and requirement in forms of internal memo and the relevant

department will accordingly assign a dedicated network planning engineer to implement

the task.

3.1.3 Preparation for Network Planning

After the network planning engineer is assigned, he should make preparations for the

project.

The following items should be prepared:

1. Project background and requirements.

a. Obtain contract and equipment list, customers initial requirement and network

scale;

b. Communicate with the project manager, so as to obtain the relevant information

about this project;

c. Communicate with the network planning personnel who have involved with thepre-planning or bidding, so as to understand the networking plan at the early stage.

2. Progress requirement for the implementation of the project

a. Make sure about the project schedule and determine the personnel arrangement.

b. Determine the preliminary implementation plan, including whether it is necessary

to carry out simulation, when to carry out simulation, when to carry out field survey, when

to submit the report, the detailed working plan, etc.

3. Tools

The following tools are required for the network planning:


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GPS and compass

Map (electronic mapinfo, BMP, transportation/tourist map)

mapinfo software

If simulation is necessary, the following tools are also required:

a. Three-dimension (3D) map. The electronic maps for most of the cities in China

are available in Huawei. Network planner can query the relevant information from the

Huawei fixed asset database or the asset manger. If simulation is necessary but the 3-D

map is unavailable, the purchase application of electronic map must be forwarded in

advance.

b. Simulation tools

c. BTS sites provided by customer (if possible)

4. Documentation

a. Report templates. See the latter section for detailed description.

b. Relevant procedures

c. Reference

5. Contacts with relevant departments

Network planning involves several departments such as Engineering Design Department,

regional offices (Customer Service Center and Marketing Department), etc. Before the

network planning, communication with these departments is necessary to ensure the

smooth cooperation in the future.

Normally, the network planning and engineering design start concurrently. Network

planning covers the selection of BTS site (the site should satisfy the requirement of

coverage and capacity), antenna (type, installation position, height, azimuth angle, and

down tilt), feeder, etc. The Engineering Design Department is responsible for all the

indoor designs of the equipment room as well as part of the outdoor design, including the

design of cabling, antenna pole and weight capacity. The selection of BTS site can be

finalized only after all the above jobs are done. Hence, the cooperation of network

planning personnel and engineering design personnel are essential in determining an

appropriate site.

The fieldwork of network planning requires the supports of regional office. The supports

cover the arrangement of vehicle, coordinator from the operator who will attend to the

fieldwork, key of the equipment room, phones, etc. The project manger should be

notified of these items in advance so as to arrange all these items as early as possible.


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3.1.4 Establishment of Network Planning Principle and Guideline

Before the network planning, the principle must be determined according to the

customers requirements of coverage, capacity, and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to

confirm the following requirements at this stage:

Coverage: geographic area, coverage of data/voice service, indoor coverage, receiving

level, Ec/Io, etc.

Capacity: pre-planned network capacity, distribution of voice and data subscribers, traffic

model, etc.

Quality: communication probabilities, FER, etc.

Like the network pre-planning, area division is necessary in the service area to ensure

that the right analysis and planning strategy are developed specifically for that area.

For details, see Guide to CDMA1X Coverage Planning, Guide to CDMA1X Capacity

Planning, and Pre-planning Report Template.

3.1.5 Initial Simulation

If possible, the planning software such as MSI Planet can be used for simulation. MSI

Planet runs on Unix platform.

To perform simulation, the following input information must be ready:

1. BTS information

The BTS information required include: latitude and longitude of BTS, antenna data (type,

gain, height, azimuth angle, tilt, etc.), feeder loss, power setting.

If possible, collect the candidate BTS information from the customer. The information can

be the office building of the customer, business halls, IS95 BTS site and GSM BTS site,

etc. Some customers might have invited the designing institute to finish part of the

planning at the early stage and have provided the candidate sites. In the case of network

migration, the initial simulation is generally carried out based on the information of IS95

BTS on the network and will take the GSM BTS information into consideration in the siteselection. However, in some projects, the BTS information of the existing network

cannot be obtained or the customer is a new mobile network operator. In this case,

network planners usually mark the BTSs on the map to simulate the initial network

distribution. It is the so-called Nominal Design. This result can be used to determine the

possible scale of the network and the possible candidate sites.

2. Map (3-D digital map is required.)

Map required for the planning software offers the information of three aspects: altitude

information (landform altitude or the altitude with ground object), ground object

information (the distribution of various ground objects, such as forests and buildings),


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After the above information is ready, the simulation can be carried out to output the

performance indices of the network, including the Ec/Io, forward/reverse FER, coverage

probability, distribution of services with different rate. By analyzing these indices, the

potential problems of the network can be located and handled accordingly.

The simulation result should be confirmed based on the local topographic distribution. If

big mistake is found, it might because the model is not accurate or the parameters are

not set properly. After the error is cleared, carry out the simulation one more time to

obtain the right result.

If the above simulation result cannot satisfy the requirement of network design, it is

necessary to adjust the BTS engineering parameters and BTS position, and add BTS,

etc. The adjustment can optimize the overall performance of the network, and eventually

obtain the final network architecture, parameter setting, and the performance that the

network should exhibit. However, simulation cannot take the place of actual planning.

For details of Monte Carlo simulation principle and method, see Monte Carlo Simulation

Method Analysis.

3.1.6 Field Communication

Network planning engineers should analyze the layout of the whole network, with both

the coverage and capacity taken into consideration. If initial simulation has been made,

the result can provide reference to the general layout of the network. The communication

with the customer is very important, especially for domestic projects. In China, contract is

not the only criteria that the two parties should be subject to. For a lot of projects, the

requirements, such as the division of coverage area, are finalized by directly

communicating with the customer.

I. Network planning coordination meeting

The implementation of network planning requires the cooperation of regional office and

the customer. The following issues need to be determined on the network planning

coordination meeting:

Coordinator assigned by the customer, who is responsible for such works as

showing the way, and providing the key of the equipment room.

Vehicles used for survey;

Schedule and means of contact;

Collection of information

II. Collecting customer requirements

For details of collection of customers requirements, seeXX Planning Project Information

Collection Checklist.


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For network planning, the primary information includes the requirements of coverage,

capacity, and network quality.

The coverage requirements include the geographical division of the area under plan,

coverage requirement of voice/data service, and requirement of indoor coverage.

Normally, the contents inXX Planning Project Information Collection Checklistshould be

collected in the pre-planning phase. But in practice, the information collection is also

required in the actual planning phase.

The capacity requirements include the total capacity requirement of the area under plan

(e.g. number of subscribers, Erl number, or throughput), subscriber density, proportions

of voice service and various data services, data traffic model, etc.

The network quality requirements include the communication probability requirement,

call-drop index requirement, FER requirement, handoff success rate requirement, etc.

This information must be collected as they are essential for the development of network

planning principle. XX Planning Project Information Collection Checklist should be

submitted to the project manager before the network planning begins so as to ensure

there is sufficient information to guide the subsequent planning.

III. Collecting existing BTS information

For the requirements of BTS information collection, see BTS Information Collection

Table.xls.

In consideration of the cost, the existing BTS sites and other equipment rooms will beutilized in constructing a new network. China Unicom and China Mobile are typical

examples. Most of their BTSs will share the sites with the original GSM or CDMA BTSs.

Hence, it is important to obtain the information of existing site and equipment, and office

and business hall distribution.

If the original network should be migrated, it is recommended to collect more BTS

information of the original network. In this way, the status of the migrated network and

the potential problems can be found out to better guide the network planning. Normally,

customer will compare the network before and after the migration and requires that the

network indices after the network migration are better than those before the migration.

Hence, the network layout before the migration is important for the design of CDMA1X

network.

To get a better network performance than the original one, the migrated network will

generally be designed based on the original BTS sites. Due to the complexity of radio

environment, any changes such as the antenna type and antenna angle might cause the

decline or improvement of the performance in a certain area. Customer is usually very

sensitive to the area where the performance is deteriorated while takes it for granted if

the performance in a area is improved. Thus it is a sensible strategy to guarantee the

original network coverage and on this basis adjust the network design. But if the original


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network is poorly designed and cannot be used or reworked, it is recommended to

re-design the network.

The information of the original BTS includes the following contents:

CDMA BTS: Longitude and altitude of the BTS, pilot number (PN), antenna configuration

(type, azimuth angle, down tilt, polarization mode), power allocation strategy, and

channel configuration.

For network adopting repeater, attention should also be paid to the position of the

repeater, source BTS, type of repeater, and status of the repeater (activated or not), etc.

In the network design, there are also some uncontrollable factors, which will affect the

selection of BTS site. For network of the operators such as China Unicom, besides the

CDMA BTS information, GSM BTS information should also be collected for the design of

CDMA 1X network.

GSM BTS (GSM900 and GSM1800 BTS): Longitude and altitude of the BTS, antenna

configuration (type, azimuth angle, down tilt, polarization mode), power configuration,

frequency configuration, number of carriers, etc.

In some overseas projects, diversified networks such as GSM, CDMA, and NMT might

coexist.

When the operator, such as China Netcom, does not has mobile network, information

about its office building, business hall, and transmission network layout should be

collected to decide the candidate sites when a new mobile network is to be constructed.

Not only the information of the area under plan, but also that of the boarder area need to

be collected, so as to ensure better control of the boarder area coverage, handoff

planning and good cooperation, numbering scheme, roaming service, etc.

IV. Collecting traffic measurement data and system parameters

For migrated network, the performance of the original network needs to be known. Traffic

measurement data caters to this need. It can directly reflect the features of the whole

network and each sector. Together with the distribution of BTSs, network planner can

better acquaint themselves with the distribution of the network subscribers and thepotential problems.

The major traffic measurement data includes: traffic of each sector, call-drop ratio and

traffic call-drop ratio, congestion ratio, handoff success ratio, average transmit power,

FER (or BER), etc.

The configuration of the system parameters directly affects the network quality and

capacity. Hence, for the migration of the same type of network, the parameter

configuration information of the existing network should be collected as much as

possible. The latter network test and assessment also involve the original parameter

configuration.


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V. Collecting other data

Besides the data previously mentioned, there are also some other data that need to be

collected on time, e.g. frequency resource, numbering scheme (SID, NID, LAC, etc),

map of the local area, etc.

During the network planning design, network planner must know well about the

customer's available frequency resource and the frequency that will be used for CDMA

network. Thus, on the one hand, he can determine the number of carriers that the

network can support so as to configure the frequency in a more reasonable manner. On

the other hand, as the frequency of CDU needs to be set before the delivery and cannot

be adjusted on site, if it is known that the network works at 800MHz and CDU is used,

the frequency configuration of the CDU can be determined in advance. Moreover, the

frequency resource information should be obtained for CDMA network working at 450

MHz to facilitate the interference test.

Attention should also be drawn to the following case. To migrate an IS95 network to a

CDMA 800MHz network, install and commission the CDMA1X equipment first, and then

cut over the IS95 network and CDMA 1X network. There will be a period when the two

networks coexist. During this period, the two networks need to use the different

frequencies. This is something that should be cared when the frequency of CDU is

configured. At present, CDU supports two carriers, i.e. two frequencies. Generally, after

CDMA 1X network replaces the original IS95 network, CDMA 1X network will use the

same frequency as the original IS95 network. Hence, one of the frequencies CDU

supports must be the frequency of the original IS95 network, while the other frequency

should be determined according to the customers plan of the frequency resource or the

recommendations forwarded by network planners.

3.1.7 Interference Test

For CDMA 450MHz network, due to the large subscriber base, serious interference

occurs to this frequency. Thus, before the frequency 450MHz is used, spectrum

environment test must be carried out to find out the possible interference. If there is

in-band interference, it is required to eliminate the illegal occupancy of the frequency, so

that the CDMA system can provide service normally after it is activated.

Forward interference test can be carried out by using drive test software, MS, and GPS.

For detailed method, see Guide to 450MHz Forward Interference Test. Reverse

interference test can be carried out by using electronic measuring instrument. For

detailed method, see Guide to 450MHz Reverse Interference Test. For the interference

decision principle and handling method, see Guide to ETS450D Interference

Troubleshooting.


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3.1.8 Planning Guideline and Strategy

The planning guideline can be determined according to the customers requirement,

local geographical environment, distribution of buildings and subscribers, etc. The

guideline covers the networking mode (macro cellular, micro cellular, application of

repeater, etc.), macro distribution of BTSs (height, distance between BTSs, distribution

of areas with heavy traffic, etc), carrier configuration, etc. If the initial simulation has

been done, the result will serve as the reference for network layout. In some special

cases, the network layout has been decided by the customer before the contract is

signed. But whether the layout can meet the requirements of network coverage and

capacity must be confirmed by the network planning engineers. If the layout cannot meet

the requirements, they should clarify the problems and seek a better solution by

discussing the problems with the customer.

Mark the BTS sites or circle the candidate the areas on the map according to the

candidate sites proposed by the customer (if any), analysis of the overall network

environment, and the result of the initial simulation (if any).

The network layout should be reasonable so that the BTS survey can be carried out

smoothly.

For detailed information, see Guide to CDMA1X Coverage Planning, Guide to CDMA1X

Capacity Planning, Analysis of Impact of Proper Cell Distribution on Network

Performance.

3.1.9 Site Survey

Site survey is an important section in the process of network planning. It is carried out

according to the candidate sites previously marked and candidate areas circled on the

map.

The site survey requires GPS and compass, and the cooperation of network planning

engineers, and coordinators from the customer side.

The following shows the major tasks of site survey:

Verify whether the candidate sites meet the requirement stipulated in CDMA1X BTS

Site Survey Specification. Determine the following contents according to the actual

environment: installation position, height, azimuth angle, down tilt of the antenna, type of

the feeder. Make sure to communicate with the engineering design personnel timely

and efficiently to confirm the validity of the decisions.

The survey result of each BTS must be recorded in CDMA1X BTS Site Survey Record.

During the site survey, attentions should be paid to the following issues:

1. Position of the BTS


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provided by the relevant responsible person. Each engineer should update this

information on his/her own computer.

For details about the selection of antenna type, see Guide to CDMA Antenna Type

Selection.

5. Azimuth angle

The azimuth angle of the antenna is determined by the coverage requirement of each

BTS. When the network is required to have an even coverage, the separation angle

between the beans of every two sectors should be 120o. It is recommended to set the

beans to 60o/180

o/300

ofirst and adjust it for each sector as required. If the beans are first

set to 0o/120

o/240

o and optimization requires that the antenna whose azimuth is 0

o

should be adjusted, the sector No. of the whole BTS may need to be renumbered. For

details, see CDMA BTS Site Survey Specification.

Setting of sector azimuth: Starting from the due north (0o), the sectors are clockwise

numbered as Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3. See CDMA BTS Site Survey Specification

for details.

Note:

On BSC or BTS, sectors are usually numbered as 0, 1, 2, and so on.

6. Antenna tilt

It is recommended to determine the antenna tilt of each BTS during the survey and

adjust it according to the general network layout when the site is determined. In the

CDMA network, the setting of antenna tilt is especially important. Unlike GSM, neighbor

sectors use the same frequency in the CDMA system and interference between neighbor

sectors will be resulted. It makes the effective control of the coverage of each sector

especially important. Compared with GSM, the down tilt of CDMA antenna is set to a

larger value. In addition, technologies, such as large front-to-rear ratio and upper minor

bean suppression, are considered in CDMA network. For the tilt planning principle, see

Guide to CDMA Antenna Tilt Planning.

7. Survey record table

BTS survey report table lists out the specific indices. The detailed information of each

BTS should be filled in. Clear description about the ground objects is also required and

the area to be covered should be marked off.

In the survey record, the information about the co-site equipment is very important. The

information includes the type of the equipment and the relevant indices. For BTS

equipment, it is recommended to record its antenna type, engineering parameters

(azimuth angle, down tilt, etc.), polarization mode, height of the pole, and the position of

the antenna on the pole, etc.

As a lot of real-estate owners feel strongly against setting antenna pole on the top of the

building, the antenna sometimes cannot be set up on a very appropriate site. In this case,


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try some alternatives. For example, change the original unipolar antenna into bipolar

antenna to save the pole. Or when the pole tends to be too tall, share the pole with the

original network.

The information about the co-site equipment should also be obtained to find out the

possible interference if there is other radio equipment around, so that measures

preventing the interference can be taken accordingly.

8. Sky plane or tower sketch

During the survey, engineering designer will make some drawings. It is recommended

to draw sketches about the sky plane and the tower for the reference of subsequent

adjustment of general network layout after the survey. The specific location of each site,

such as the building, street, or important reference object, should also be marked out on

the map. This information can help understand the position of one site relative to another

( site) and confirm the correctness of latitude/longitude test in the future.

Each day when the survey is completed, try to sort out the BTS survey data and confirm

that the records are completed, so as to avoid mixing up the information due to the large

number of BTSs under survey.

For detailed requirements of the survey and usage instruction of instrument, see CDMA

BTS Survey Specification.

3.1.10 Simulation and Site Adjustment

After the site survey is completed, all the site information should be incorporated in

selecting the appropriate sites. Tools such as MAPINFO and network planning tools are

required for the generation of topological diagram. It is recommended to use Network

Planning Neighbor Cell Creator to efficiently generate BTS topological diagram.

With topological diagram, landform, distribution of ground objects and subscribers, sites

can be determined jointly by the network planners and engineering designers.

If possible, simulation can be carried out to verify whether the selection of site is

reasonable. If the simulation result is not satisfying, adjustment should be made and

another simulation is required until the requirement is met.

3.1.11 Simulation and Site Confirmation

After the sites are surveyed and selected, communication with the customer is necessary.

Project manager can arrange for the communication, which aims to obtain the

confirmation of the customer in regard of the selection of sites.

In fact, a lot of problems need to be handled for the sites provided by the customers. For

example, it is necessary to set up a new pole, rent a larger equipment room, or negotiate

with the real-estate owner. The customer should be notified of all these issues so thatthey can prepare for them.


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If a new site is selected during the survey, make sure that the selection is necessary,

gain the permission of the customer and settle the lease issue with the estate owner as

soon as possible. In this way, the modification of design in the future can be avoided and

the project can be carried out without delay.

When communicating with the customer, persuade the customer to accept the sites

selected after the survey based on the quality-first principle. If compromise is

unavoidable, explain the impact of the change on the network quality to the customer

and record it inSurvey Memosigned by both parties.

After the sites are determined through above communication, the BTS survey report

should be released. This report covers the survey record of each site, the description of

relevant information, the subsequent preparation required, and the result of survey. The

survey report should be signed by the customer.

3.1.12 Network Planning Report

After the sites are finalized, the network planning report should be output.

The network planning report consists of the following information: network construction

background, design concept, network scale, networking mode, carrier configuration,

frequency configuration, power planning, part of the system parameter configuration.

Were there any simulation, the simulation result must also be included into this report.

Engineering parameters, neighbor cell planning, and PN planning will be prepared in

form of attachment to the network planning report due to their enormous contents and

different formats. Big problems discovered during the planning and problems that

should be avoided in the future implementation should also be covered in this report.

For network planning report, see CDMA1X Network Planning Report Template.

For engineering parameters, see Engineering Parameter Table for XX Network of XX

Telecom Corp., XX Province.

For neighbor cell planning method, see Guide to CDMA 1X Neighbor Cell Planning.

For PN planning method, see Guide to CDMA1X PN Offset Planning.

For power planning method, see Guide to CDMA1X Forward Power Planning.

The coding schemes are required for SID/NID, LAC, REG ZONE, CELL ID, BM

allocation, etc. The codes of SID/NID, LAC, and REG ZONE should be obtained from the

customer. During the planning, pay attention to the BM allocation, location area planning,

and registration zone planning.

The default system data configuration script is available in each equipment version and

will be adopted generally. But if the analysis of the actual environment shows that the

configuration needs to be changed, suggestions about the change of data configuration

must be proposed. Please note that as different versions have different defaultconfigurations, make sure of the version adopted for the project. The data items that may


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require change will be detailed in latter description. The contents of the system

parameter configuration can be found in CDMA1X BSS Network Planning Parameter

Configuration Recommendationsand Guide to cdma2000 Key Parameter Modification.

The final report should be submitted to the project manager.

3.1.13 Report Documentation

The full set of network planning reports, including network planning report, engineering

parameter checklist, system parameter configuration, survey report, etc., must be

documented as per documentation procedure.

3.2 Key Parameter Planning

3.2.1 Data Configuration and Data Configuration Script

The data configuration associated with network planning includes the configuration of

BSC data, BTS data, and part of MSC data.

Different versions provide different default data configuration scripts. The system can

directly load the default data configuration script and convert the data into database (DB).

During the network planning, be sure of the version used, the functions supported by this

version, and the parameter setting of the default script.

In the network planning, a lot of parameters will be set to default values. But someparameters need to be set according to the actual situation. The following lists the

contents that require special attention.

I. BSC data configuration and configuration script

BSC data configuration is usually done by using data configuration script. The data to be

modified should be sorted out first and then written into the script in the format as

required by the script. After that, the script is converted to DB.

The default BSC data configuration script is usually updated upon the release of new

version according to the actual application of network. Generally, the default data

configuration script of the latest version provides the latest contents. However, the data

configuration may not be revised due to the pressing version release time. In this case,

the modification of such data should be suggested in the network planning, so that the

relevant parameters can be directly updated upon the activation of the system.

There are large amount of BSC data configuration tables. But only a small number of

them are related to the network planning. For detailed contents of these parameters, see

BSC Data configuration Tables Related to Network Planning.


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II. BTS data configuration and configuration script

BTS data is configured by using data configuration script. BTS data configuration script

is loaded by the system and directly sent to the BTS. The BAM SQL SERVER database

does not have the corresponding BTS configuration tables.

Some BTS configuration parameters can be queried via Airbridge.

The BTS data configuration can be queried by logging in to BTS via Telnet.

For BTS data configuration items, see BTS Data Configuration Table Related to Network

Planning.

3.2.2 Power Configuration and Power Control Parameters

Power configuration refers to the allocation of power to such common channels as

pilot channel, synchronization channel, paging channel and the traffic channel. CDMA1X

BSS Network Planning Parameter Configuration Recommendations and Guide to

cdma2000 Key Parameter Modificationgive out the principle for power allocation and the

modification of power configuration when environment changes.

The important power control parameters include: maximum/minimum transmit power of

forward traffic channel, forward initial transmit power, forward Eb/Nt values (initial value,

maximum/minimum value), open-loop power control parameter, etc.

Make sure to configure these parameters under the instruction of Guide to cdma2000

Key Parameter Modification.

3.2.3 Access Parameters

Among the network performance indices, the access success ratio and the access rate

have great influence on the customers evaluation of the network system. Generally

speaking, the current default configuration will be adopted for these two parameters. If

special requirement arises, configure them as per Guide to cdma2000 Key Parameter

Modification.

3.2.4 Location Area Division and Registration Parameters

The division of Location Area (LA) is associated with the paging performance.

In the network planning, the LA division and setting are based on the capacity.

If the coverage of LA is too small, the probability of MS location update increases and

the frequent location updates will consequently increase the signaling flow in the system.

But if the coverage of LA is too large, the same paging message will be transmitted in

several cells, which will result in the overload of the paging channel. Guide to CDMA1X

Location Area Planning will show how to decide the appropriate size of the LA. Try todivide the LA based on the geographical distribution and behavior of the mobile


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3.2.7 Data Service Parameter Setting

Data service involves a lot of parameters, including the channel allocation. Channels can

be allocated either statically or dynamically through the commissioning console.

Dynamic SCH allocation is provided in the common data configuration.

If the data service is provided to the static mobile subscriber (for demonstrations

purpose), and there is a main branch at the demonstration point, the adoption of static

SCH allocation can come to a favorable transmission. If the test is made in the mobile

environment, it is suggested to adopt the static SCH allocation mode.

The major parameters in the data service include: DURATION and admission threshold

at each rate, pilot strength threshold for area division, TRANS_DELAY, SIG_DELAY,

DATA_TRANSF_FAC. For the setting of these parameters, see CDMA1X BSS Network

Planning Parameter Configuration Recommendations.

3.2.8 Search Window Setting

The setting of search window is adjusted according to the actual environment. Default

value is generally adopted. For detailed requirement, see CDMA1X BSS Network

Planning Parameter Configuration Recommendations. The larger the multi-path delay is

in an area, a larger value the search window should be set to. For network with

repeaters, possible delay must be estimated to enlarge the search window.

3.2.9 Deployment Data Review

The deployment data must be reviewed by the expert team before it can be used on the

network. The network planning parameters constitute an important part of the

deployment data.

3.3 Common Problems in Network Planning

Experience shows that the big problems are often found in the following cases:

Multiple solutions for coverage

Application of high BTS

BTS survey

Parameter configuration

3.3.1 Multiple Solutions for Coverage

When multiple coverage solutions, such as the adoption of repeater, ODU, or mini BTS,

are adopted, a lot of problems arise.

The problem of repeat is especially serious. Thus, it is necessary to learn the specific

position of the repeater, its quantity, type and indices. If the network is a migrated


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3.3.4 Parameter Configuration

The previous section in this document has detailed the configuration major parameters. It

is a common problem that the parameters are not well analyzed or the function and

parameter configuration corresponding to a specific version do not match.

4 Network Optimization

Wireless network optimization means to adjust wireless network planning and design to

make network operation more reliable and cost-effective, enhance service quality and

resource utilization.

Network optimization is a process after the network has been constructed or developedfor a certain stage. It aims to satisfy network performance requirement.

Generally, network optimization requirement is raised in two cases: Firstly, network

quality cannot meet design requirement, which requires network adjustment. Secondly,

network environment changes, for example, the number of subscribers has increased, or

urban construction changed. Thus network expansion is required.

4.1 Introduction to Network Optimization Process

The network optimization process comprises the following three stages:

1. Network operating data collection and network performance assessment.

2. Network adjustment.

3. Summary of network performance verification, assessment, and optimization.

The basic procedure for network optimization:


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Prepare

Acquire basic information

on site

Collect traffic measurement & drive test data

Satisfyrequirement?

Network optimization report

Y

N

Analyze data

Adjust parameter

4.1.1 Preparation

The network optimization preparation includes the preparation of equipment, document

and contact personnel, etc.

1)

2)

Equipment preparation

The devices for network optimization include: Drive test equipment and other

instruments.

Drive test equipment is a basic tool for network optimization. Its main function is to test

performance of outside plant. Its components include drive test software (containing

software dongle), the testing MS (containing the MS's data line), and GPS (containing

data line and antenna). According to different configurations, a dual-serial-port card is

needed for some drive test equipment.

On some occasion, signaling analyzer is required to trace signaling and locate problem.

If interference test is required, spectrum analyzer needs to be prepared. In addition, at

the network optimization stage, the compass and other devices are also required to

adjust engineering parameters.

Document preparation


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An in-depth understanding of network background and operating situation is required

before network optimization. Therefore, it is required to collect all reports developed at

the network planning stage and know the difference between the current network and the

original planning solution.

3)

Contact personnel

At the network optimization stage, the information of relevant personnel in the

optimization field should be obtained according to each optimization task requirement. At

the initial period of office deployment, project manager is in charge of the overall project.

If the optimization is required for the operating network, engineers shall contact regional

office coordinator and customers.

4.1.2 Network Operating Data Collection

The prerequisite for network optimization is to have a comprehensive understanding of

network operating performance, and figure out solution for the existing problem.

The approach for finding out network operating status is to collect network operating data,

among which traffic measurement and drive test data are used for network optimization.

I. Collecting traffic measurement data

Traffic measurement data reflects overall network operating status from the perspective

of statistics. Generally, operators regard traffic measurement data as the most important

information for assessing network performance.

Traffic measurement data includes detailed measurement items and counting points.

Some measurement items apply for overall BSC performance while others for the carrier

of each sector. These data can be retrieved according to actual requirement. Traffic

measurement data shall be pre-registered. The relevant measurement task shall be

registered according to the actual requirement of network optimization. See Traffic

Assessment Guidefor details.

The network indices of great concern are shown as below:

Blocking rate

Call drop ratio of radio systemTraffic call drop ratio

Call setup success ratio

Soft handoff success ratio

Hard handoff success ratio, etc.

The reference documents include CDMA Network Performance Assessment Element

Analysis andCDMA Network Performance Assessment Standard.

II. Collecting drive test data

Drive test data is acquired by performing sampling test upon the specified routes, using

drive test equipment. It reflects network operating quality from the perspective of


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sampling. If more sampling points are tested, the information will be more complete and

thus reflects more detailed problems existing in the network.

Drive test data include the following information: Ec/Io, FER, Rx, Tx, handoff distribution,

call drop condition, access time and speed, and objective opinion scale of voice quality.

See CDMA1X Drive Test Equipment Usage Guidefor collecting drive test data.

III. Dialing test for important area

At the network optimization stage, the optimization engineers shall make in-depth

research in some important areas, where the network performance has a critical

influence upon the overall network.

In general, important areas are:

Customer's offices, dormitories, key persons' houses and places where they often

go.

Major hotels or entertainment centers.

Government institutions.

Area where profitable enterprises and group users reside.

Railway station and other places which will capture customers' attention.

Generally, important area can be a small place or indoor environment. Dialing test

needs to be performed in the important areas.

Method: Use the MS to dial directly since most of the important areas are indoor areas.

Multiple dialing methods are provided: MS to MS, MS to Fixed Station (FS), or FS to MS.Then the testing engineers shall judge coverage and quality condition based on their

objective opinions and feelings. If the testing MS is capable of displaying test information,

engineers can judge coverage and quality with these data.

IV. Collecting alarm data

Alarm alerts engineers to abnormal or close to abnormal condition. In the network

optimization period, engineers shall closely check alarm information to identify

pre-warning information or problems occurred so that accidents can be prevented.

V. Collecting and checking system configuration parameters

System parameter configuration directly affects network operating performance. Thus

one of the most important approaches for network optimization is to adjust system

configuration parameters. In fact, some of the network operation problems are caused by

improper parameter setting. Therefore, if a problem is identified from the traffic

measurement data, drive test data and alarm data collected, it is critical to analyze

whether it is caused by improper parameter setting.

Since there are many parameters related with network optimization, the detailed

parameters are introduced in a dedicated section in the latter part.


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Detail description and configuration recommendations for network optimization

parameters are provided in the CDMA1X BSS Network Planning Parameter

Configuration Recommendations and Guide to cdma2000 Key Parameter Modification.

Thus, engineers shall check the configuration parameters based on the

recommendations in this guide and the actual requirement for network optimization.

4.1.3 Network Operating Data Analysis and Network Evaluation

The purpose of collecting network operation data is to evaluate network performance

and locate problems.

Network operating data analysis aims to know network operation quality and identify

potential problems by analyzing traffic measurement data, drive test data and alarm data

See Traffic Measurement Analysis Guide and CDMA1X Calling Procedure Guide for

traffic measurement data analysis.

See CDMA1X Drive Test Data Analysis Guide andCDMA1X Calling Procedure Guide for

drive test data analysis.

See cdma2000 BSC Alarm Analysis Guide andcdma2000 BTS3612-800 Alarm Analysis

Guide for alarm data analysis.

Engineers can identify problems existing in the network by analyzing the

abovementioned data, locate cause and provide recommendation for network

optimization by analyzing parameter configuration and calling procedure.

4.1.4 Optimization Recommendation and Adjustment

Optimization measures shall be provided after network performance evaluation and

problem analysis are completed.

I. Classification of network optimization measures

Network optimization measures are classified into the following categories:

1)

2)

3)

Adjustment of network engineering parameters: For the problems in the field of

network coverage and interference, adjust engineering parameters which include

down tilt, azimuth angle, power configuration of antenna, antenna height,

etc.Generally, engineers shall adjust these parameters first. System configuration

parameters are implemented only after engineering parameters are confirmed.

Adjustment of system parameters: System parameters have impact upon network

performance. Thus proper adjustment of these parameters can optimize system

operation. If there is a problem occurred due to improper setting of system

parameters, engineers shall modify or optimize parameter setting.

Network expansion recommendation: If the abovementioned adjustments cannot

meet network quality requirement yet, it is required to consider network expansion,for example, adding new BTS, performing sectorization, adding carrier, etc.


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II. Network optimization at high level

The focus of network optimization is radio environment optimization, which basically

determines overall network layout and service range of various cells. Thus, optimization

in this aspect plays a decisive role in overall network performance. It mainly includes the

following aspects:

Cell layout optimization.

Antenna parameter configuration.

Neighbor cell configuration, etc.

III. Network optimization at low level

After the optimization at high level is completed, engineers can optimize network at low

level to achieve appropriate adjustment for network performance according to specific

environment and requirement. Optimization at low level covers the following indices:

Pilot search window.

System parameters of message type.

Handoff ratio and handoff threshold, etc.

IV. Segmental and overall optimization

If a network is of large scale, it is recommended to perform segmentation first, optimize

each network segment and then overall network.

Especially at the office deployment period, the BTSs are put into service one by one. The

optimization engineers shall try to put those BTSs in one segment. Thus the optimizationcan be implemented while the BTS is put into service, which can save time for optimizing

network.

Segmental optimization can make effective use of human resource at the network

optimization stage.

V. Network optimization with no-load

At the office deployment period, network optimization is implemented with no-load and

main users are testing engineers. Therefore, the no-load optimization constitutes most of

the optimization work. At this period, engineers shall focus on optimization with no load,

i.e., try to achieve good network quality in no-load status. In the case of no load, soft

handoff ratio may be quite high.

VI. Network optimization with load

After a network is put into service, many subscribers are to use the network. Therefore,

load test is very necessary. After no-load optimization is completed, load test is required

to verify network quality under the circumstance of loading. If the quality is decreased,

engineers shall continue to optimize the loaded network.

Normally, the OCNS (forward) and OUNS (reverse) are implemented for system loading


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The optimization approaches are similar to those of no-load optimization.

4.1.5 Optimization Verification

After network optimization measures are taken, engineers shall verify whether networkproblems have been solved or performance has been improved. The verification

procedure is an important part of network optimization.

The verification procedure is very similar to the initial stage of network optimization,

which is mainly focused on network operating data collection and data analysis. The

approaches for data collection and analysis are consistent with what is required before.

After (implementing) the optimization, engineers shall check whether network

performance has achieved the requirement by collecting and analyzing traffic

measurement data and drive test data.

4.1.6 Optimization Report Output

After the optimization verification, engineers shall provide network optimization report.

The report shall contain the following points: problem analysis and locating process,

optimization methods adopted, comparison between indices prior and post optimization,

remaining problems and recommendation for later construction.

See CDMA 1X Network Optimization Report Templatefor network optimization report.

Generally, contents in the engineering parameter list shall be adjusted at the optimizationstage. Thus, after network adjustment, engineers shall update the Engineering

Parameter Table for XX Network of XX Telecom Corp., XX Province, which is provided at

the network design phase. The update is required for each adjustment, including BTS

position, station type, antenna height, azimuth angle, down tilt, power configuration,

numbering mode, neighbor cell list and priority, PN planning, etc.

4.1.7 Network Optimization at Office Deployment Period

This section highlights the characteristics of network optimization at the office

deployment period.

The optimization procedure at the initial period of office deployment differs from that of

network in service. At this period, proper equipment installing and normal equipment

indices shall be secured before test of equipment installation, equipment indices and

subsequent network optimization are performed.

Equipment check includes verifying that equipment installation and network configuration

are correct, equipment indices are normal, and network can secure basic call and

handoff. As for the installation, antenna feeder installation is of great relevance to

network optimization.


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I. Check antenna feeder installation

Installation engineers on site shall check whether the installation is proper after it is

completed. Method: Use the MS to perform dialing test and confirm the network is able

to provide basic call and handoff services. Generally, the following problems may occur

to the installation of antenna feeder: Antenna or feeder is connected to the wrong sector;

installation cannot meet the design requirement, the antenna and feeder are not well

connected, etc.

Antenna or feeder is connected to the wrong sector: The most common problem in

the current network is that the antennas or feeders of two or three sectors are connected

to the wrong sector. For example, the antenna for the sector 1 is connected to sector 2.

The testing approach is very simple: Use the MS to check whether the received PN is

the same as designed. If there is no Debug screen on the MS, engineers can open

signalling tracing window on the Operation & Maintenance Centre (OMC) to trace a

dialing test process and make judgment.

Antenna azimuth angle or down tilt does not meet design requirement: In the actual

projects, this type of problems occur a lot, which may be caused by inaccurate

measurement for installation.Therefore, engineers on site shall check antenna azimuth

angle and down tilt to correct the problems inconsistent with the requirement.

Antenna feeder standing wave ratio test: After the antenna feeder is installed, the

standing wave ratio test is required to check the components are complete and well

connected.

Each BTS shall have a record for standing wave ratio testing.

II. Testing equipment for rated indices

Equipment has gone through rigorous test upon the delivery. But the equipment will be

tested after the installation is completed to check whether the indices can still meet the

requirement under the current condition.

These indices include BTS transmit power, receiving sensitivity, antenna feeder standing

wave ratio, etc.

Each BTS shall have a rated index table for confirming various indices

III. Dialing test after installation

After completing the installation, engineers on site shall perform dialing test upon each

BTS to verify whether it is running normally and check for problems.

Engineers shall pay more attention to the following points while performing dialing test:

1)

2)

3)

4)

Whether the MS can receive the incoming call and keep conversation.

Whether the voice quality is acceptable or not.

Whether the handoff can be achieved among sectors.

Whether sector coverage meets the original design requirement.


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5) Whether the PN received by the MS meets the design requirement.

After dialing test is completed, engineers shall provide a dialing test record table for each

BTS.

4.2 Network Problem Handling Procedure

When there are network quality problems or subscriber complaint, please handle

the problem in the following procedure:

Identif network roblem

Confirm scenario

Check alarm data

Analyze traffic measurement data

Anal ze drive test data

Check equipment & parameter

Locate roblem

Implement solution & measures

Verify result

4.2.1 Confirming Problem Scenario

When a network quality problem occurs, engineers shall know where and when the

problem occurs. In this way, he can narrow down the problem scope in the network.

The following information shall be acquired for where it occurs: Geographic location,

sector or PN for pilot in service.

If the condition is permitted, other relevant information shall also be obtained, for

example, subscriber's objective opinion, the subscriber is the calling or called party, the

subscriber calls a FS or a MS, it is an outgoing call or not, etc.

By acquiring the information mentioned, engineers can have an idea of the scenario.


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4.2.2 Dialing Test for Faulty Area

After having an idea of the problem scenario, engineers may need to perform dialing test.

Especially when a problem is reported by those outside the test, it might not be accurate.

Thus the engineers need to perform dialing test on site to acquire true data.

When receiving complaint against network quality, network optimization engineers or

maintenance engineers on site shall use dialing test as a required procedure to handle

the problem. This dialing test shall be implemented while validating the problem itself

and validating network optimization effect.

4.2.3 Checking Product Version

This section mentions specifically the problems related with product version. There are

many versions in service and they may vary with functions. Generally, version is a keyissue that we may meet with but often neglect. Since there is difference among different

versions, some function may be supported in one version rather than in another one.

Each version may have different parameter configuration for different function, thus the

versions may be mismatched. Therefore, data configuration check shall be implemented

in combination with current running version. Never directly use the parameter optimized

for certain case. See CDMA1X BSS Network Planning Parameter Configuration

Recommendationsfor parameter requirement of each version.

4.2.4 Checking Alarm Data

Alarm data check can help predict potential problems that may occur to equipment or

process, so as to provide reference for problem location.

4.2.5 Analyzing Traffic Measurement Data

After having confirmed the occurrence place and time of the problem, traffic

measurement at this place and time period can be analyzed. If the problem frequently

happens in an area or the problem happens in a large area, traffic measurement

analysis can help understand and locate the problem. See CDMA Traffic MeasurementAnalysis Guidefor traffic measurement data to be analyzed.

4.2.6 Analyzing Drive Test Data

If the chance of the problem occurrence is little or it covers a small area, this problem

may not be solved by traffic measurement analysis. At this point of time, testing is

required for the area. Sampling test can be conducted to locate problem. In the test

process, drive test equipment is recommended to work together with maintenance

console or testing console to trace the testing MS. Then engineers shall conduct

comprehensive analysis for forward and reverse data to locate problem. If no drive test

equipment is available, dialing test is performed using the MS, maintenance console or


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testing console is used to trace the MS and then signaling analysis is conducted to

locate problem.

4.2.7 Checking Equipment and Data Configuration

When engineers have well identified the problem by collecting and analyzing the data,

they shall first eliminate equipment problem, version problem and data configuration

problem.

I. Checking equipment

Equipment problems include the following: Board fault, transmission fault, GPS fault,

channel blocking and equipment fault. These problems can by queried and analyzed

through alarm information of maintenance console and alarm indicators. They are

reflected in the following forms: Board fault alarm, E1/T1 alarm, clock alarm, etc.

II. Checking antenna feeder

The previous section also mentions the antenna feeder is one of the key causes for

network problems. When a problem is found, antenna feeder shall be checked as one

important focus.

Generally, antenna feeder should be checked in particular after the installation is

completed. Relevant check shall not be neglected either in the optimization stage, and

the check shall be performed according to the aspects mentioned earlier.

In addition, after a network is put into service, new problem may occur. Thus, there are

some new items for antenna feeder check, for example, water seeping, wind blowing,

lightening strike, etc. Pay extra attention to these items.

III. Checking GPS

The GPS plays a critical role in the CDMA. Therefore, when a network problem occurs,

synchronous problem is often involved. This may cause unsuccessful handoff and call

drop. Engineers shall pay attention to the connection status and running situation of the

BTS GPS and BSC GPS.

IV. Checking relevant parameters of network planning

Based on the problem type, check relevant data configuration. See the following

description for the important parameters.

V. Checking switch setting

Many functions supported by the equipment are controlled through switches. When a

problem is identified for the network in service, engineers shall check relevant switch

setting of certain function, and confirm whether the function is supported by the version.


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4.2.8 Locating Problem and Implementing Optimization

Engineers can locate problem by collecting and analyzing the data mentioned above,

checking equipment and relevant parameters. Thus, engineers can develop specific

solution to solve problem.

If the problem cannot be located through the above methods, or the problem is hard to

be replicated, engineers shall note down the details of problem phenomenon, scenario,

analysis and handling procedure implemented so as to seek further technical support.

Besides equipment problems, most of network optimization problems are solved by

modifying data configuration. Since there are a large number of parameters in the

system, engineers shall modify data with caution in case there is any error operation.

Data can be queried over Airbridge. A small amount of data modification is conducted

through the Airbridge, while a large amount is through modifying data scripts. Do not

operate in the database directly.

4.2.9 Verifying Optimization Measures

After having adopted optimization measures, engineers shall verify the result. A handling

report for network problem shall be output after the verification is completed.

4.3 Common Problems in Network Optimization Process

Practically, various problems will occur when the network is in service. Based on

previous problems arising from the network, there are mainly the following problems:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

1)

Call drop problem.

Access problem.

Pilot pollution problem.

Interference problem.

Coverage problem.

Handoff problem.

Transmission problem of data service.

Paging and registry problem.

Load and admission control problem.

See relevant analysis guide for various problems.

4.4 Main Parameters of Network Optimization

There are many parameters related with network performance. The following parameters

are the important ones which are likely to trigger problems.

Access parameters.


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2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

System message parameters.

Paging and registry parameters.

Neighbor cell list.

Handoff parameters.

Power configuration and power control parameters.

Load control parameters.

See CDMA1X BSS Network Planning Parameter Configuration Recommendationsand

Guide to cdma2000 Key Parameter Modification for detailed description and

configuration recommendation of the parameters mentioned above.

5 Document Requirement for Network Planning

and Optimization

The network planning and optimization is a long term task with a large scope. Therefore,

relevant documents shall be input as required during the implementation process so as

to ensure process monitoring and smooth deployment.

Network optimization and planning report shall be submitted after the network

optimization is completed. As for the report content, please see the description above.

The network planning and optimization reports are required to be archived in time.

In the process of network planning and optimization, network planning or optimization

daily report and weekly report shall be submitted. Daily report and weekly report shall be

provided to project manager, contact persons of network planning technical support team

and network planning office deployment team. See CDMA1X Planning Optimization

Daily Report (Example) and CDMAXX Project Planning Optimization Weekly (Daily)

Report Templatefor requirements of daily and weekly reports.

5.1 Document Output Requirement at Pre-planning Stage

The output documents at the pre-planning stage:XXX Project Network Pre-planning Solution

XXX Project Network Planning Technical Proposal

5.2 Document Output Requirement at Planning Stage

The output documents at the network planning stage:

XXX Project Network Planning Report

Engineering Parameter Table:

Engineering Parameter Table for XX Network of XX Telecom Corp., XX Province.


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5.3 Document Output Requirement at Optimization Stage

The output documents at the network optimization stage:

XXX Project Network Planning Optimization Report

Engineering Parameter Table for XX Network of XX Telecom Corp., XX Province

5.4 Reference Documents

The network planning and optimization process primarily involves the following reference

documents:

Analysis of Impact of Proper Cell Distribution on Network Performance

Guide to CDMA1X Coverage Planning

Guide to CDMA1X Capacity Planning

Huawei CDMA1X Mixed Service Capacity Planning Tool and Coverage Planning Tool

CDMA1X BTS Survey Guide

CDMA1X Antenna Model Selection Guide

CDMA1X Antenna Tilt Planning Guide

CDMA800M and GSM-900M Co-Site Interference Analysis

CDMA2000-45 and EST450 Co-Site Interference Analysis

Electromagnetic Interference Testing Guide for ETS450D

Electromagnetic Interference Analysis Guide for ETS450D

Guide to DMA1X PN Offset Planning

Guide to CDMA 1X Neighbor Cell Planning

Guide to CDMA1X Location Planning

CDMA1X Network Planning Parameter Configuration Specification

Guide to cdma2000 Key Parameter Modification

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Date post:	02-Jun-2018
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