GUIDED MISSILE

SUBMITTED BY :KANHAIYA KUMAR

5TH SEM MECHANICAL BRANCHIT- GURU GHASIDAS UNIVERSITY,

BILASPUR, (C.G)

CONTENT1. INTRODUCTION2. HISTORY OF MISSILE3. CLASSIFICATION OF MISSILE4. GUIDANCE SYSTEM AND CONTROL5. TYPES OF ENGINES6. WARHEADS AND FUZES7. CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Basically any object thrown at a target

with the aim of hitting it is a missile. Thus, a stone thrown at a bird is a missile. The bird, by using its power of reasoning may evade the missile (the stone) by moving either to the Left, right, top or bottom with respect to the flight path (trajectory)of the missile. Thus, the missile in this case has been ineffective in its objective of hitting the bird (the target) . Now, if the stone too is imparted with some intelligence and quick response to move with respect to the bird, to overcome aiming errors and the bird's evasive actions and hit it accurately, the stone now becomes a guided missile

HISTORYRockets were used in China and

India around 1000 AD for fireworks as well as for war purposes

During the 18th century, unguided rocket propelled missiles were used by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan against the British.

The current phase in the history of missiles began during the World War I1 with the use of V1 and V2 missiles by Germany

Classification of Missiles

Type Range PropulsionGuidanc

e Systems

Launch Mode

1. Surface-to-Surface Missile

2. Surface-to-Air Missile

3. Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile

4. Air-to-Air Missile

5. Air-to-Surface Missile

6. Sea-to-Sea Missile

7. Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile

8. Anti-Tank Missile

1. Short Range Missile

2. Medium Range Missile

3. Intermediate

Range Ballistic Missile

4. Intercontinent

al Ballistic Missile

1. Wire Guidance

2. Command Guidance3. Terrain

Comparison Guidance

4. Terrestrial Guidance

5. Inertial Guidance

6. Beam Rider Guidance

7. Laser Guidance

8. RF and GPS Reference

1. Solid Propulsion

2. Liquid Propulsion

3. Hybrid Propulsion

4. Ramjet

5. Scramjet

6. Cryogenic

1. Cruise Missile

2. Ballistic Missile

Ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a missile that

has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path ,regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle .Ballistic missiles are categorized according to their range , maximum distance measured along the surface of earth’s ellipsoid from the point of launch to the point of impact of the last element of their payload.

Ballistic missiles can be launched from ships and land based facilities. For example ,Prithvi I ,Prithvi II ,Agni I , Agni II and Agni III,Dhanush ballistic missiles are currently operational in the Indian Defense Forces.

Cruise missile A cruise missile is an

unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earth’s atmosphere and use jet engine technology .Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:

1. Subsonic cruise missile 2.Supersonic cruise missile 3.Hypersonic cruise missile

GUIDANCE SYSTEM AND CONTROLMissiles may be targeted in a number of ways. The most

common method is to use some form of radiation, such as infrared, lasers or radio waves, to guide the missile onto its target. This radiation may emanate from the target (such as the heat of an engine or the radio waves from an enemy radar), it may be provided by the missile itself (such as a radar), or it may be provided by a friendly third party (such as the radar of the launch vehicle/platform, or a laser designator operated by friendly infantry).

Many missiles use a combination of two or more of the above methods to improve accuracy and the chances of a successful engagement

Types of guidance systemCommand guidanceHoming or seeker guidanceBeam rider guidanceInertial guidance, andStellar guidance

For a specific mission, particular guidance technique is used.

Command guidance In Command guidance target

is tracked by an external radar. However, a second radar also tracks the missile itself. The tracking data from both radars are fed into a ground based computer that calculates the paths of the two vehicles. This computer also determines what commands need to be sent to the missile control surfaces to steer the missile on an intercept course with the target. These commands are transmitted to a receiver on the missile allowing the missile to adjust its course.

Homing guidanceHoming guidance is generally used for short-

range missiles. In this system the missile receives the signals reflected /emanating from the target and generates the command to direct its motion along the instantaneous LOS formed between the missile and the target.

ACTIVE HOMING GUIDANCE In the active homing guidance system, the missile itself carries the transmitter and the receiver. The signal, generally electromagnetic radiation, is transmitted at the target and the reflected signal is received. In this system, the missile is not dependent on the ground launcher. Active homing can be used for guidance in all phases.

SEMI-ACTIVE GUIDANCE In semi-active guidance, the source for target illumination

is located in the launcher and the missile has only the receiver. The rest of the process is identical to active type.

PASSIVE GUIDANCE In passive homing type, the missile has only a receiver and

detects signals emanating (not reflected) from the target. The signals could be electromagnetic or infrared or both. 'The missile has in its homing head detectors sensitive to infrared or electromagnetic radiation.

Warheads and fuzes The only purpose of the missile is to deliver a warhead

to the target. The function of the warhead is to damage the target. The warhead is located in the missile. In most of the tactical missiles, the warhead is based on conventional chemical explosives called high explosive.

The non-nuclear high explosive warheads and kinetic energy warheads. These are specifically designed for different roles:

Shaped charge warhead (anti-tank or anti-armour) Fragment type (anti-aircraft, anti-personnel), Blast-cum-earth shock (for damaging built up

structures), and Incendiary type(against fuel and ammunition dumps,

etc.)

Fuzes Every warhead must have a fuzes.Fuzes are

the devices which sense the right moment to detonate the warhead.

The most common types of fuzes: (1) Impact fuze (2) Altitude fuze (3) Proximity Fuze

conclusion With this we conclude our topic by

saying that missiles are harmful for happy and peaceful life, but in today’s world, there is more amount of terrorism prevailing out as well as threat from the neighboring countries, in these conditions if required we can use it for the welfare of our own country men.

THANK YOU