Guidelines for the Design and Management of Bicycle Parking Facilities€¦ · ·...

Guidelines for the Design and Management of Bicycle Parking FacilitiesDRAFT - MAY 2008

Guidelines for the desiGn and ManaGeMent of Bicycle ParkinG facilities

1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.BACKGROUND

2. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BICYCLE PARKING ON PROPERTY 3 OUTSIDE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY

2.1.BICYCLEPARKINGDEFINITIONS 3

2.2.CRITERIAFORGOODQUALITYBICYCLEPARKING: 3

2.3.SHORT-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 4 2.3.1.RackDesign 2.3.2.CoveredBicycleParking 2.3.3.Installation

2.4LONG-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 7 2.4.1BicycleLockers 2.4.2BicycleCages 2.4.3IndoorBicycleParking(ParkingGarage) 2.4.4IndoorBicycleParking(BikeRoom)

2.5SHOWER/CHANGEFACILITIES 10

2.6EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESANDINNOVATIONS 11

2.7BICYCLEPARKINGISSUESBYDEVELOPMENTTYPE 11 2.7.1High-Rise&Low-RiseResidentialUses 2.7.2Commercial,Industrial,InstitutionalUses 2.7.3UseswithHighBicycleParkingDemand

3. SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES 15

3.1.ACCESSIBILITY 15

3.2STAIRWAYS 15 3.3BICYCLEPATHSON-SITE 15

3.4DESIGNINGFORCONVENIENCE 16 3.5SIGNAGE 16

3.6SAFETYANDSECURITY 16

3.7CREATINGATTRACTIVEBICYCLEPARKING 17


4. BUILDING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND EMPLOYER-BASED 19 STRATEGIES

4.1SHORT-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 19

4.2LONG-TERMBICYCLEPARKING 19 4.2.1BicycleLockers 4.2.2BicycleCages 4.2.3IndoorBicycleParking(UndergroundParkingGarage) 4.2.4IndoorBicycleParking(BikeRoom)

4.3SECURITYANDFACILITYOPERATIONS 20

4.4BUILDINGACCESS 21

4.5INCENTIVESTOENCOURAGEBICYCLEUSE 21

5. BICYCLE PARKING FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY 23

5.1NEWDEVELOPMENTSPROGRAM 23

5.2BICYCLERACKPLACEMENTANDDESIGN 23

5.3LONG-TERMPARKING 24

6. POLICY CONTEXT 25 6.1CITYOFTORONTOOFFICIALPLAN 25

6.2CITYOFTORONTOBIKEPLAN 25

6.3TORONTOGREENDEVELOPMENTSTANDARD2008 25

6.4CITYOFTORONTOZONINGBY-LAWPROJECT 26

6.5VIBRANTSTREETSGUIDELINES 27

6.6NATIONALANDINTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTALSTANDARDSANDCERTIFICATIONS 27

6.7PROVINCIALPOLICIES 28

7. CONCLUSION 29

8. APPENDIX A: CONCEPTUAL SITE PLAN 31


9. APPENDIX B: RELEVANT POLICIES AND BY-LAWS. 33

10. APPENDIX C: BICYCLE PARKING BROCHURE 37


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1. INTRODUCTION

SustainablegrowthanddevelopmentofahealthyandliveableToronto,comesinpartthroughareductioninautodependencyandthesupportandfurtherdevelopmentofalternativemodesoftransportation.InkeepingwiththeCityofToronto’sgrowthmanagementobjectives,currentCitypoliciesandimplementationmeasuresprovidefortheaccommodationandgrowthofbicycletransportationthroughanincreaseinqualitybicycleinfrastructure.TheseGuidelineslikethosetheCityhasapprovedforstreetscapedesign,bicyclelanes,greenparkinglots,anddrive-throughssupporttheeffectiveimplementationofhighquality,wellintegrated,sustainableandattractivetransportationinfrastructure.

1.1 BACKGROUNDGuidelinesfortheDesignandManagementofBicycleParkingFacilitiesareintendedtoimprovethequalityofbicycleparkingthatissecuredthroughthedevelopmentapprovalprocess.TheseGuidelineswillprovideplanners,developersandpropertymanagerswithinformationtosupportthedesign,constructionandmanagementofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilities.Indoingso,thisGuidewillbeofassistanceinthepreparationofTransportationDemandManagement(TDM)Plans(requiredforlargedevelopments)aswellasserveasatoolformeetinghigherstandardssuchasthosesetbytheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardandotherenvironmentaldesigncertifications.Inadditiontonewdevelopments,theGuidelinesmayalsoprovidedirectionforexistingbuildingsundergoingredesignorrenovation.

Bicycleparkingassociatedwithnewdevelopmentsisnormallyprovidedonthedevelopmentproperty,however,theremaybeinstanceswhereitiseithernotpossibleordesirabletoaccommodateallbicycleparkingrequirementson-site.Wherebicycleparkingisprovidedinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk)theapplicationofthesebicycleparkingguidelineswillbeconditionedbyotherregulationsthatapplytothepublicright-of-way(seeSection5).

Bicycles,asamodeoftransportation,areemission-free,requirelessspaceoncitystreetsandpromoteahealthyandactivelifestyle.Whenusedalone,orcombinedwith

publictransit,bicyclescanprovidethedoor–to–doorconvenienceofprivateautomobiles.Statisticsshowthatin2006approximately25,000peopleinTorontocycledtowork1.Thisrepresented1%ofallcommuters.Thisisa0.2%increasefrom2001datathatshowedapproximately18,000peopleinTorontocycledtowork.2InordertosupportacontinuedandgreaterincreaseinbicycleusefordailytravelinToronto,acombinationofhigh-qualityinfrastructure,bicycle-friendlypolicy,educationandpromotionarerequired.

1StatisticsCanada2006CensusofPopulation2StatisticsCanada2001CensusofPopulation

CityofTorontoPost-and-Ringbicycle

parkingrack.


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2. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BICYCLE PARKING ON PROPERTY OUTSIDE OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY

Bicycleparkingstandardsprimarilydealwiththequantityandtypeoffacilitiesrequired.However,therearekeydesignstrategiesthatspecificallyaddressthequalityofbicycleparking.Thefollowingguidelineswillassistinthedesignanddevelopmentofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilitiesthatwillsuccessfullymeettheneedsofcyclistsandwillworktoencourageandsupportbicycleuse.

2.1. BICYCLE PARKING DEFINITIONS Therearetwocategoriesofbicycleparking:

Long-term bicycle parking Alsoknownas“bicycleparkingspace–occupant,or

Type1bicycleparking”.Includesbicycleracksinanenclosed,securedareawith

controlledaccess;orIndividual,secureenclosureslikebicyclelockers;

Short-term bicycle parking Alsoknownas“bicycleparkingspace–visitor,orType2

bicycleparking”Includesbicycleracksinaneasilyaccessiblelocation;Availableforpublicuse;Shelteredorunsheltered;Doesnotprotectbicyclesfromvandalismortheft

attempts.

2.2. CRITERIA FOR GOOD QUALITY BICYCLE PARKING: Althoughthereareawidevarietyofdesignstrategiesthatcanbeusedtoimplementgoodqualitybicycleparkingtherearethreemaincriteriathatmustbesatisfied:

Accessibility: ClosetobuildingentrancesAtgroundleveloraccessiblefromgroundlevel(i.e.by

ramps,elevators)NoobstacleslikestairsorsteepslopesSeparate,dedicatedbicyclerampsintoparkingareas

aredesirable.Way-findingsignage

BicycleparkingatUniversityofToronto,StGeorgeCampus.


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Safety and security: Racksorlockersmadefromhighqualitymaterials

andfirmlysecuredtotheground,floor,orwall.RegularlymonitoredbysecuritypersonnelLocatedinawell-litareaShort-termparking:locatedinabusy,publicareato

increaseinformalsurveillanceLong-termparking:locatedinaseparate,access

controlledarea

Convenience: EasytolocateandaccessEasytouseWhereverpossible,situatedclosetobicyclefriendly

routes

2.3. SHORT-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Short-termor“visitor”bicycleparkingisdesignedtobeusedforafewminutesuptoacoupleofhours.Asaresult,short-termparkingshouldbeeasilyaccessible,racksshouldprovideasecurepointforlockingupanditisbestifracksarecoveredforweatherprotection.

2.3.1. Rack DesignThereareseveraltypesofbicycleparkingrackdesignsavailableforbicycleparkingonpropertyoutsideofthepublicright-of-way.Thefollowingkeyfeaturesofrackdesigndeterminetheirqualityandsuitability.(SeeSection5fordetailsonbicyclerackinstallationsonthesidewalkinthepublicright-of-way)

DesignOptions:Materials to look for: galvanizedsteel;industrialgradematerials.

Materials to avoid:wood;softmetals;untreatedmetalsthatwillrust;andcastcompositesthatarebrittleandmaycrackunderimpact.Forrackdesignsthathaveweldedsectionsavoidmaterialslikestainlesssteelthatdonotweldstronglyasweakweldedsectionscaneasilybebrokenbythievesorvandals.

Finishing: Racksshouldhaveasmoothoutersurfacethatwillnotdamageorscratchbicycleframes.

Goodbicyclerackdesignprovides2ormorecontactpointsbetweenthebicycleandrack.Atappingrailclosetothegroundwouldimprovetherackontherightbymakingitmoreeasilydetectableforblindorvisuallyimpairedpeople.

EXAMPLESOFGOODBICYCLERACKDESIGN

Theseracksparkmultiplebicyclesandallowcycliststolockthebicycleframeandatleastonewheeltotherack.


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GoodDesignFeatures:Goodqualityrackdesignswillprovidethefollowing:

Two points of contact between the bicycle and the rack. Thisallowsboththeframeandatleastonewheelto

belockedtotherackandsupportsthebicycle.

Space-efficiency Racksshouldallowagoodnumberofbicyclestobe

parkedinasmallareawhileprovidingadequatespace betweenbicyclestofacilitateparkingandlocking.

Detectability Adesignthatensuresthebicyclerackiseasily

detectableforpartiallysightedorblindpeople.For example,addingatappingrailtospanthebottomof aninvertedUstylerackwillmakeiteasierforvisually impairedpeopletodetect.

PoorDesignFeatures:Thefollowingqualitiesareexamplesofbadbicyclerackdesign:

Onepointofcontactbetweenthebicycleandrack.Itis usuallynotpossibletolockboththeframeandone wheeltoarackwithonlyonecontactpointandthe bicycleismorelikelytofalloverwhenparked.

Therackonlysupportsonebicyclewheel.Theseracks (commonlyknownas“wheelbenders”forthedamage theycancausetobicyclewheels)donotsupportthe bicycleframeorallowtheframetobelockedsecurely totherack.

EXAMPLESOFBADBICYCLERACKDESIGN

Choosinginappropriatematerialswillcompromisesecurity.Weldedsectionsofthisstainlesssteelrackhavebeenbrokenoffbyvandalsorthieves.

Bikesparkat900anglestothisrackwhichonlyprovides1pointofcontactperbike.Ifinstalledtooclosetoanobstacle,likethisrack,capacityisreducedto1or2bikesatmost.

This“wheelbender”rackdoesnotallowbicycleframestobesecurelylockedtotherack.


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2.3.2. Covered Bicycle Parking Shelteredracksprovideanevenhigherqualityofshorttermparking.Sheltersofferweatherprotectionandcanhelpprotectbicyclesfromaccidentaldamagebyprovidinggreaterseparationfromasidewalkorparkingarea.Installingparkingunderneathawnings,overhangsorstairwayscanalsoprovidegoodshelterandmayavoidextraconstructioncosts.Anenclosedstructureprovidesthebestshelterhoweverasimplecoveringwillstillhelptoprotectbicyclesandcyclistsfromrainandsnow.

2.3.3. Installation Anchoring:Allbicycleracksshouldbefirmlysecuredtothegroundorfloorbyboltingthemtoahardsurfaceorfixingtheminconcrete.Concreteisthepreferredsurfaceformaximumsecurityalthoughothersurfacesmayalsobeappropriate.

Spacing:Requiredminimumspacingbetweenbicyclesparkedinahorizontalpositionis0.6metresby1.8metreswithaverticaldimensionof1.9metres.Forbicyclesparkedinaverticalpositiontherequiredspacingis0.6metresby1.2metreswithaverticaldimensionof1.9metres.

Forbicycleracksthatholdmorethan2bicyclesthefollowingguidelinesincludepreferredaislespacingandspacingbetweenalinearseriesofracksinordertogivebicyclesadequateroomtomanoeuvre:

1)Aminimumdistanceof2.5m.fromanyfirehydrant,entranceorloadingarea(basedontheCityofToronto’spostandringbikestandplacementguidelines)

2)Forracksthatholdmultiple(>2)bicycles(basedonrackmanufacturers’installationguides):

(a) Distance between rack and wall, or other obstacle: i.Minimum0.45 mifbikesparkedparalleltoobstacle;

ii.Minimum2.5 mifbikesparkedperpendiculartoobstacleandrackhasdouble-sidedaccess;

iii.Minimum0.6 mifbikesparkedperpendiculartoobstacleandrackhassingle-sidedaccess(sidefacingwallwouldnotaccommodatebicycles).

4.2

m

0.45

m

2.5

m

0.9 m

1.8

m

CoveredbicycleparkingataRecreationCentreinEsquimalt,Victoria,BC.PhotoCredit:JohnLuton.

Covered,short-termbicycleparkinginasurfaceparkinglotinOttawa,Ontario.

Theabovespacingisrecommendedforracksthatparkmultiplebicyclestoprovidemaximumparkingcapacityandallowbicyclestomanoeuvrethroughtheparkingarea.


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(b) Aisle width (space between bicycles): i.Preferredspacing:1.8 mFortypicalbikeracksthisleavesapproximately4.2mbetweenracks,howeverthisspacingwilldifferdependingonthedesignoftherack.

(c) Space between rack ends (for a linear series of racks placed end to end):

i.0.9mformaximumparkingcapacity.

3)Forracksthathold2bicycles(basedonCityofTorontopost-and-ringbikestandplacementguidelines):

(a) Distance between rack and wall, curb or other obstacle:

i.Minimum1.5 mforracksperpendiculartowallorotherobstacle

ii.Minimum0.7mforracksparalleltowall,orotherobstacle

(b) Distance between individual racks: i.Minimum2.5 mforracksparalleltowall,orotherobstacle(3.5mpreferredinareaswithhighbicycle parkingturnover).

ii.Minimum1.0 mforracksperpendiculartowallorotherobstacle.

Decisionsontheplacementandspacingofallbicycleparkingracksmustincludeconsiderationforpedestrianmovement.Bicycleracksshouldneverbeplacedinawaythatwillinterferewithpedestrianaccesstoorfromthebicycleparkingfacilityorotherpedestriandestinationson-site.

2.4 LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Long-termbicycleparkingisintendedforuseoverseveralhoursorovernight.Asaresult,thisparkingmustbedesignedtoprotectbicyclesparkedforlongerperiodsoftime.

2.4.1 Bicycle Lockers Bicyclelockersareindividualstorageunits.Theyareweather-protected,enclosedandoperatedbyacontrolledaccesssystemthatmayusekeys,swipecard(keyfob)or

0.6 m (no access)

1.0 m

1.5

m

0.7 m

Wall or Other Obstacle

2.5 m

Spacebetweenanobstacleandarackwithsingle-sidedaccessisnecessarytoallowbicyclestobeparkedandlockedproperly.

Theorientationofbicycleracksdeterminestheamountofspacingrequired.(See3(a)and(b)(ii)onthispage).

Recommendeddistancebetweenracksinstalledinaparallelseries(See3(b)(i)onthispage).


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2carparkingspacesisapproximatelyequalto20bicycleparkingspaces.

anelectronickeypadlocatedonalockerdoor.Somelockersystemsaresetupformultipleusers(i.e.coinoperatedorsecuredwithpersonallocks).Onaverage,twostandardcarparkingspaces(of5.6mx2.6meach)canaccommodate10individualbicyclelockerspacesbutthismaydifferdependingonthelockermodel.

Design Options: Thereareseverallockerdesignsavailable.Costsandqualityofdesignmayvaryconsiderably.Securityanddurabilityareimportantcriteriatoconsiderwhenselectingabicyclelocker.Transparentpanelsareavailableonsomemodelstoallowsurveillanceoflockercontents.Stackablemodelscandoublebicycleparkingcapacityonsite.Integratedsolarpanelshavebeenaddedtocertainmodelsforrechargingelectricbicycles.Optionsforcustomeraccesscanvaryfromasimple,single-usekeysystemtoamulti-usersystemthatallowssecureaccessthroughsmartcardtechnologyorelectronickeypads.

Installation: BikeLockersrequirealevelsurfaceandclearanceforlockerdoors.Concretesurfacesarepreferredhoweverrequirementsmayvaryfordifferentlockermodels.Anchorboltsareusedtofixlockersintoplace.Lockersshouldbelocatedclosetobuildingentrances,oronthefirstlevelofaparkinggarageandwithinrangeofsecuritysurveillance.BicycleLockersarebestplacedawayfromsidewalksandareaswithhighpedestriantraffic.Highquality,durablemodelsthatcanwithstandregularuse,intenseweatherconditionsandpotentialvandalismshouldbeused.

2.4.2 Bicycle Cages Bicyclecagesrestrictaccesstobicycleparkingracksthroughanelectronickeypad,securitypasscardorasimilartypeofsystem.Goodqualityracksareinstalledinsidethecageandbicyclesarelockedtotheseracks.SeeSection2.3.3fordetailsonrackinstallationandspacing.Onceinsidethecage,anindividualhasaccesstoallbicyclessoitisimportanttocloselymonitorandenforceproperuseofthecage.

Design Options: Forsecuritypurposes,smallcagesarebestinordertolimitthenumberofpeoplewithaccesstoanyonecage.Forlargedevelopmentswithhighdemandforbicycleparkingseveralsmallcagesmaybepreferable.Wallsmustbemade

Bicyclelockersinanundergroundparkinggarage(OntarioInstituteforStudiesinEducation,UniversityofToronto).

BicyclecageatTorontoReferenceLibrary(Glassroofextendsdownfrommainbuilding,wiremeshwalls,restrictedaccessthroughelectronickeypad).


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oftight,strongmeshorperforatedmetalsheetstopreventattemptstocutthroughthecageortoreachthroughandtripthedoorlatchorinsidehandle.Asoliddoormayberequired.

Installation: Bicyclecagescanbeinstalledoutsideorinsideabuildingorinaparkinggarage.Cagedoorsandroofmustfittightlyagainstthecagewalls.Bothcageandbicycleracksinsidemustbefirmlysecuredtothegroundorfloor.

Cage Capacity: Asinglecageof5.6mx5.4mcanaccommodateapproximately20bicycles.Acageofthissizeoccupiesthesameareaastwocarparkingspaces(onestandardcarparkingspaceis5.6mx2.6mwithaminimum6metreaislewidth).

2.4.3 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Parking Garage) Undergroundparkingfacilitiesoffermanygoodoptionstoaccommodatehighquality,longtermbicycleparking.Thiscanonlyqualifyaslongtermparkingifaccesstotheparkinggarageiscontrolledorifthebicycleracksareotherwisesecured(i.e.abikecage,separatelockedroomorbicyclelockers).Providingmorethanonelevelofsecurity(i.e.controlledaccesstogarage+bicyclecagesorlockers)willfurtherimprovethequalityoftheparking.

Design Options: Bicycleparkingshouldbelocatedonthefirstlevelofaparkinggaragesothatitisaccessiblefromthegroundlevelandinteractionsbetweenbicyclesandautomobilesinthegarageareminimized.

Access Ramps: Inordertoeasilyaccommodatetwo-waybicycletraffic,thepreferredbicyclerampwidthis3.0m.Thestandardmaximumgradientforautomobilerampsis15%.Dependingontheplacementoftherampexita15%gradientmaybetoosteeptobesafelyusedbybicycles.Thepreferredrampgradientforbicycleaccessis6-7%.Ifthereisadequatespaceaseparate,dedicatedbicyclerampispreferred.Wherepossible,adedicatedbicyclerampleadingtoaseparatedbicycleparkingroomwillprovidemaximumsafetyandsecurityforcyclists.(SeeAppendixA:ConceptualDesign)

BicyclecageatSouthRiverdaleCommunityHealthCentre(perforatedmetalsheetsusedonlowerhalfofwalls).Seeinsetfordetailofuppersection.PhotoCredit:PaulYoung;Artist:JungleLing.

Thisparkinggarageprovidesadirectlinetobuildingsecurityattheentranceforcycliststorequestaccess.Onlycyclistswithsecurityclearancecanenterthegarage.


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2.4.4 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Bike Room) Anotheroptionforlongtermbicycleparkingistousefloorspacewithinabuildingtocreateanindoorbicycleroom.Thisroomshouldbefittedwithgoodqualitybicycleracksthataresecurelyfixedinplace.

DesignOptions:Adedicated,directentranceintothebikeroomwillimprovesecurityandconvenience.Bikeroomsshouldbeatgroundleveloreasilyaccessiblebyelevatorand/orramp.Locatingtheareawithinviewofstaffwillimprovesecurity.Forlargedevelopmentswherealargenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspacesarerequired,providingseveralsmallbikeparkingroomscanimprovesecuritybygivingfewercyclistsaccesstoeachroom.Thecapacityofindoorparkingroomscanbemaximizedbyusingtwo–tieredparkingsystems(seeSection2.6)and/orverticalparkingrackswhereappropriate.

Additional features: Reservinganareainthebikeroomforself-servebicyclerepairandmaintenancewilladdanadditionallevelofservicetothefacility.Featuressuchasabikestand,basictoolsand/oranairpumpwillgobeyondthebasicrequirementsofabikeroomtoprovideahighqualitybicycleparkingfacility.

2.5 SHOWER / CHANGE FACILITIES Showerandchangefacilitiesatnon-residentialdevelopmentscanbeastrongincentivetoencouragebicycleuse.Thesefacilitiesareparticularlyimportantforemployeesorstudentswhohavealongcommuteorwhoarerequiredtoobserveaprofessionaldresscode.Thenumberofshowerstallsavailableshouldreflecttheamountoflong-termbicycleparkingonsite.Althoughnotrequiredintheproposedstandards,aminimumofoneshowerforsmallerdevelopmentswith4orlesslong-termbicycleparkingspacesispreferred.TheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandard2008setsthetargetforshowerandchangefacilitiestobeprovidedatworkplaceswithonefacilitypergenderforevery30bicycleparkingspaces.SeeSection6.3formoreinformationontheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandard

Design Options: Gooddesignexamplesshowshowersandchangeroomsdirectlyadjacenttosecurebicycleparkingfacilities.Other

IntelliwareDevelopmentInc.(Toronto)employeebicycleparkingislocatedinofficelobbywithaseparate,bicycleentrance/exit.Photocredit:LawrenceLudlow.

EmployeeindoorbicycleparkingroomattheCentreforSocialInnovation(Toronto)Photocredit:YvonneBambrick.


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possibilitiesincludearrangementstoshareothershowerfacilitieson-site(i.e.inabuilding’sfitnesscentre).Thesearrangementsareappropriateprovidedthattheshowerfacilityisofadequatesizetoaccommodatetheexpectedamountofbicyclecommutersatpeaktraveltimesandisincloseproximitytothelong-termbicycleparking.Personallockersforclothingandequipmentareanindispensablefeatureofchangefacilities.Toprovideahighqualitychangefacility,thenumberofpersonallockerswouldequalthenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspacesonsite.

2.6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS Asbicycleusebecomesmoreprevalentinurbancentrestheissueofprovidinggoodqualitybicycleparkingisbecomingmoreimportant.Withanincreaseddemandforbicycleinfrastructurenewinnovationsandinnovativeusesofexistingtechnologiescontinuetoemerge.

Examples include: Bicycleparkingstations–indoorbicycleparking

facilitiesprovidingvaletparking,bicyclerepairs,bike rental,retailandbikesharing.

Twoandthree-tieredbicyclerackstoincreaseparking capacitywithoutincreasingfloorspace

Bicyclelockerscustomfittedwithsolarpanelsto rechargeelectricbicycles

Bicyclesharing–bicycleloaningsystemprovides bicyclesandreservedbicycleparkingforemployeesor residents

2.7 BICYCLE PARKING ISSUES BY DEVELOPMENT TYPE

Specificbicycleparkingrequirementswilldifferdependingonthetypeofdevelopment.

2.7.1 High-Rise & Low-Rise Residential Uses Multi-unitresidentialbuildingsrequiresecure,long-termbicycleparkingforresidentsinadditiontoasmalleramountofshort-termvisitorbicycleparking.Long-termparkingshouldbeeasilyaccessibletoencourageregularbicycleusewhileprotectingresidents’property(frombothvisitorsandotherresidentsinthebuilding).

Providingabicyclestandandanareaforminorbicyclemaintenanceisaneasywaytoaddavaluablelevelofservicetoabicycleparkingroom.

McDonald’sCycleCentre,Chicago,ILTwo-tieredbicyclerackswithmanoeuvrableupperlevelincreasecapacitywithsafeandeasyparking.


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Forcondominiums,whereseparatedwellingunitsareprivatelyowned,long-termbicycleparkinginfrastructureisbestdesignedasacommonlyownedfeatureofthedevelopment.Long-termbicycleparkingwouldthenbetheresponsibilityofbuildingmanagementwhichwouldensurehighstandardsformanagementandmaintenanceofthefacility.

2.7.2 Commercial, Industrial, Institutional Uses Whencomparedwithresidentialuses,commercialdevelopmentsoftenrequireahigherpercentageofshorttermbicycleparkingforcustomersandclientscombinedwithsecure,longtermbicycleparkingandshowerfacilitiesforemployees.Covered,outdoorparking,closetobuildingentrancesofferscustomersandclientsanimportantservice,raisingtheprofileofactivetransportationandmeetingagrowingdemandinareaswheresurfaceparkingformotorvehiclesisscarceandtrafficcongestionisaconcern.

2.7.3 Uses with High Bicycle Parking Demand Somedevelopmentshavethepotentialtogenerateahigherthanaveragedemandforbicycleparking.

Examples include: Schools–elementary,highschools,collegesand

universities-Manystudentsdonotdriveordonot ownapersonalmotorvehicle.

Hospitals,largefactoriesandmajortransithubsare destinationsforlargenumbersofvisitors,customers andemployeeswhomayrequireaccesstothesite atallhoursforshiftwork,latenighttravelschedules oremergencies.

Placesofassembly–stadiums,communitycentresor concerthalls–canreceiveaverylargenumberof short-termvisitorsduringspecialevents.These locationscancreateahighdemandforsecurebicycle parking.

Placesofworshiplikeplacesofassembly,receivea considerablenumberofvisitorsatonetimethereby increasingthedemandforsecurebicycleparking.

EmployeeBikeShare(yellowbikes)attheCentreforSocialInnovation(Toronto)Photocredit:YvonneBambrick.

BicycleParkingatRobartsLibrary,UniversityofToronto.TheUniversity’sStGeorgeCampushasbicycleparkingneartheentrancewaysofmostofit’smajorbuildings.


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Developmentssuchastheseshouldbedesignedwiththepotentialbicycleparkingdemandinmind.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyensuringthattheamountofbicycleparkingprovidedexceedstheminimumrequirementsandreflectstheexpectedusageofthesite.Forusesthathavenospecificbicycleparkingrequirementsconsiderationshouldbegiventothecapacityofthedevelopment,withtheamountandtypeofbicycleparkingreflectingtheexpectednumberofemployees/visitors/customers.Thenumberandsizeofshowerandchangefacilitiesshouldalsoreflectanyincreaseinthenumberoflong-termbicycleparkingspaces.

GoodqualitybicycleparkingatahighschoolinVictoria,B.C.Thisparkingisprotectedfromtheweatherandinahightrafficareatodiscouragevandalismandtheft.PhotoCredit:JohnLuton.


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3. SITE DESIGN STRATEGIES

Inadditiontothedesignofbicycleparkingfacilities,therearebroaderfeaturesthatcanbeincludedinsitedesigntocreateabicyclefriendlydestinationandincreaseusageofbicycleparkingfacilities.

3.1. ACCESSIBILITY Accessibilityisoneofthethreebasicrequirementsofgoodbicycleparking.Designstrategiestoenhanceaccessibilityrangefromsimpledetailslikeprovidinglevelaccesstooutdoorbicycleracksfromaroadordriveway,tomorecomplicateddesignssuchasaseparate,accesscontrolled,dedicatedbicyclerampintoanundergroundbicycleparkingfacility.

Itisequallyimportanttoensurethatbicycleparkinginfrastructureisplacedinsuchawayasitdoesnotconflictwithaccesstothesitebyothermodes.Pedestrianaccessmustnotbehinderedbybicycleracks,includingpedestrianswhoarevisuallyimpairedorusemobilityaidssuchaswalkers,scooters,orwheelchairs.Bicycleracksshouldalsobelocatedinareasthatwillhelptominimizeinteractionsbetweenautomobilesandbicycleson-site.Largerinfrastructure,suchasbicyclelockersorcagescancreateblindspotsandblocklinesofsightandshouldbeinstalledinsuchawayastomitigatetheseconcerns.

3.2 STAIRWAYS Wherepossible,asiteplanthatincludesstairwaysshouldalsoincludeanalternative,levelaccessrouteforbicycles.Ifitisnotpossibletoprovideanalternativeaccess,aramporasmallchannelforbicyclewheelsontheedgeofastairwayshouldbeprovided.Thiswillpreventcyclistsfromhavingtocarrybicyclesupanddownstairs.Stairsarenotaccessibleforbicyclesandstairwayrampsshouldbeusedasalastresort.

3.3 BICYCLE PATHS ON-SITE Forlargerdevelopmentsbicycletravelon-sitemaybeanimportantconsideration.Inthiscase,dedicatedbicyclepaths,ormarkingsindicatingsharedusecouldbeimplementedtoaccommodatecyclistscrossinglargeparkinglotsorotherwisetravelingon-site.Thesededicatedpathsshouldbeunobstructedandextendtotheedge

DesignGuidelinesforbicyclerampsonstairsfromtheCityofHamilton’sDesignGuidelinesforBikeways.Dec1999.

ChannelforbicyclewheelinconcretestaircaseatMcDonald’sCycleCentre,Chicago.


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ofthepropertyintwoormoredifferentdirections.Theminimumrecommendedwidthforaseparated,markedbicyclepath(twodirectionsoftravel)is1.8metres.

3.4 DESIGNING FOR CONVENIENCE Installingshort-termbicycleparkinginaconvenientlocationandclosetobuildingentranceswillhelptopreventunwantedparkingagainsttrees,wheelchairramps,utilitypolesorrailings.BuildingswithmorethanoneentranceshouldconsiderprovidingbicycleparkingclosetoeachentranceandparticularlynearentrancesthatareaccessibleviasmallerstreetsorstreetsincludedintheCity’sbikewaynetwork.Wheneverpossible,indoorparkingfacilitiesshouldallow24-hoursecureaccess.

3.5 SIGNAGE Clear,simplesignagewillhelpcyclistslocatebicycleparkingandindicatetopedestriansandmotoriststhattheyshouldexpectbicycletrafficonsite.Integrated,high-qualityandsimplesignagesuchaswellplacedsymbolsanddirectionalarrowscanbeveryeffective.

3.6 SAFETY AND SECURITY Bicycleparkingfacilitydesignshouldmaximizesafetyandsecuritytobothcyclistsandtheirproperty.Thereareanumberofstrategiesthatcanbeusedtoaccomplishthishoweverthetypeandnumberofstrategiesusedwilldependontheparticularfacility.

Examples include: Installingsecuritycamerasinbicycleparkingareas;Locatingbicycleparkingclosetobuildingentrances;Installingbrightlightsand/orconvexmirrorsto

minimizeblindspotsanddarkcorners;Locatingbicycleparkingwithinviewofparkinglot

attendants,buildingsecurity,orinabusyareacloseto otherpublicamenities;

Dedicated(cyclist-only)entranceswithlimitedaccess toindoorparkingfacilitiesandoutdoorbikecages(i.e. securitycardaccessornon-duplicablekeys)

Installinga“panicbutton”inbicycleparkingareasthat wouldprovideadirectlinetosecurityintheeventof anemergency

Bicyclerampsonstairway(Riverdale

Park,Toronto).

Directionalsignageforabicyclestation,Chicago,IL.


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3.7 CREATING ATTRACTIVE BICYCLE PARKING Outdoorbicycleparking,whetheritisshorttermorlongterm,canbeanattractivepartofsitedesign.Bicycleparkingracksorothersystemscanbedesignedandconfiguredtocoordinatewithandcomplementsitedesign,streetfurnitureorotheramenitiesonsite.Bicyclerackscanbecustombuilttosuitspecificneedsandcandoubleaspublicarttherebyaddinganeye-catchingandcreativefeaturetoabuilding’sexterior.However,anybicycleparkinginfrastructurethatisinstalledonthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk)issubjecttoCityguidelinesandrequirements(SeeSection5formoredetails).

BicycleRackSculpturesinToronto’sParkdaleneighbourhoodfunctionbothasparkingstandsandaspublicart.


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4. BUILDING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND EMPLOYER-BASED STRATEGIES

Inadditiontogoodqualitybicycleparkinginfrastructure,thereareanumberofoperationalstrategiesandincentivesthatwillensuresuccessfuluseofthefacilitiesprovided.

4.1 SHORT-TERM BICYCLE PARKING Wellmanaged,short-termbicycleparkingareasthatareingoodconditionandappearcleanandwellcaredforwillbemoresecure.Thiscanbeaccomplishedby:

Removingabandonedandderelictbicycles:Developing asystemoftaggingbicycles1weekbeforeremoval willwarncyclistsandwillhelpdistinguish abandonedbicyclesfromonesthatareinuse.

KeepingtheareafreefromgarbageClearingsnowandotherdirt/debris.Regularsecuritymonitoringtodiscouragetheft,

vandalismRepairingorreplacingdamagedracksWhereappropriate,reservedparkingforbicycle

couriersinconvenientlocationscanprovideavaluable additionalfeaturetoshort-termparkingfacilities.

4.2 LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING

4.2.1 Bicycle Lockers Providingbicyclelockersforthelong-termparkingneedsofemployeesorbuildingresidentsrequiressomebasicmanagementpracticesincluding:

Monitoringlockeruse-Masterkeysorsimilarsystems canallowaccesstothelockers;

Maintenance–repairandreplacementofdamagedor malfunctioningparts.Dependingonthequalityofthe lockersused,maintenancerequirementscanbe minimal;

Removingsnowfromthefrontoflockerdoors;Removinggarbageandotherdebrisfromlockerarea.

Locatingbicycleparkingnexttoaparkingattendant’sboothwillfacilitatesurveillanceandimprovesecurity.


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4.2.2 Bicycle Cages Asimpleregistrationsystemcanaidintheregulationandmonitoringofusers.Securitypasscardsystemscanbeusedandemployeeaccesscardscanbeprogrammedtoallowaccesstoabicyclecage.Non-duplicablekeyscanbeissuedtobuildingresidents.Aswithallbikeparkingoptions,thebikecageshouldbeunderregularsecuritysurveillance.

4.2.3 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Underground Parking Garage) Automaticaccesscontrolmechanismsonparkinggaragesmustbeabletoaccommodatebicycles.Securitycardorkeyaccesscanbeusedforbothautomobilesandbicycles.Thereareoftenadditionaldetectorsusedinconjunctionwithsecurityaccessdevicestoopengatesorgaragedoors.Ifbicyclesdonotactivatethesedetectorsotheroptionswillneedtobeconsidered.Inthisinstance,providingadirectlinetobuildingsecurityatthegarageentranceisoneoptionthatwouldallowcycliststorequestentry.

4.2.4 Indoor Bicycle Parking (Bike Room) Bikeroomsshouldbereservedforbicycleparkingpurposesonly.Signageandenforcementofthiswillpreventmisuse.Routinemaintenanceandcleaningwillencourageuse.Regularsecuritysurveillanceandrestrictedaccessisrequired.

4.3 SECURITY AND FACILITY OPERATIONS Bikeparkingareasshouldbereservedforusebybikes

only.Regularmonitoringisrequiredforsignsof damagetobicyclesorracksandsignsofmisusesuch asstoringitemsotherthanbicyclesorextraauto parking.

Bikeparkingareasshouldbeundersurveillanceby securitypersonnelthroughmonitoredsecurity camerasandperiodicfootpatrols.Cyclistsshouldbe encouragedtoreportanyvandalismorsecurity concerns.

Damagetobicycleracksshouldberepairedinatimely fashionandanyderelictorabandonedbikesare removedsoasnottopreventordiscouragecontinued useoftheracks.

Policiestoensurepromptandregularsnowremoval, cleaningandgarbageremovalfrombicycleparking areasshouldbeadheredto.Aimingatamaximum

Anelectronickeypadisoneoptionforabicyclecage.Periodicallyresettinganaccesscodewillfurtherimprovesecurity.Photocredit:JohnLuton.

AstaffbicycleparkingroomatEastYorkCivicCentreprovidesconvenientindoorparkingat-gradeandallowsaccesstocyclistsonly.


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12hourperiod(followingsnowfall)forsnowremoval willencourageandfacilitatedailyuseofbicyclesinall seasons.

4.4 BUILDING ACCESS Forindoorparkingaseparate,dedicatedentrance

shouldbeprovidedforcyclists.Asecureentrancewith keyorsecuritycardaccessthatisregularlymonitored isbest.

Wherethereisnobetteraccessavailableforcyclists, bicyclesshouldbeaccommodatedonelevators.

4.5 INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE BICYCLE USE Economicincentivesareoftenthemosteffective

meansofencouragingachangeinroutine.ParkingCashOut:Inbuildingswheretenants,

employeesorotherusersareofferedsubsidized parking,cyclistscouldbeprovidedwiththecash equivalentsincetheydonotuseacarparkingspace. Thiscouldtaketheformofatravelallowancetobe usedforthepurchaseofabicycleorcyclingrelated gear.

Businesstravelreimbursements:Employers whoreimburseautomobilemileageforbusiness tripscouldreimbursebicyclemileagewhencyclingis comparableinspeedtodriving.

Rewardincentives:Providingcyclistswithendofyear giftcertificatestobikeshops.Inexchangeforpublicity, somebikemanufacturershavebeenknowntodonate bicyclesorprovidethematlowcost.

Hostingcycling-themedfunctionsforemployees, companyteamsforcharityridesorbicycleraces.

Bicycleparkinginaretaildevelopmentintheeastwaterfrontneighbourhoodhasbeendesignedtoaccomodateandencouragecustomerswhowishtodotheirshoppingbybicycle.


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5. BICYCLE PARKING FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY

BicycleparkingrequiredbytheZoningby-lawisnormallyprovidedon-siteonprivateproperty.However,therearesomeinstanceswhererequiredbicycleparkingmaybetterbeprovidedinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk).Intheseinstancesthereiseitherinadequatespaceonprivateproperty(whichisoftenthecaseindense,urbanlocations),orthepublicright-of-wayisamoredesirablelocation(providesahigherlevelofaccessibility,securityandconvenience).

Anybicycleparking(whetherrequiredbythezoningby-lawornot)thatislocatedinthepublicright-of-waymustcomplywithCitystandardsandguidelinesforallstreetfurnitureandmustbeinstalledbyCitystaff.

5.1 NEW DEVELOPMENTS PROGRAM Ifadeveloperisunabletosatisfytheby-lawrequirementsforshort-termbicycleparkingbyinstallingfacilitiesontheproperty,theCitymayallowbicyclerackstobeplacedwithinthepublicright-of-way.Theamount,generallocationandarrangementofsuchfacilitieswillbedeterminedthroughthedevelopmentapprovalprocess,inaccordancewiththerelevantby-lawsandguidelines.TransportationServiceswillprovideandinstallpost-and-ringbikeracks,atthedeveloper’sexpense.Paymentoftherequiredfeebecomesoneoftheconditionsofobtainingtheappropriatelandscapingorconstructionpermit.Thefeeiscurrently$200perpost,andshouldbesubmitted,alongwithasitedrawing,toTransportationServicesPedestrianandCyclingInfrastructureUnit.Moreinformationcanbeobtainedbycalling416-392-9253.

5.2 BICYCLE RACK PLACEMENT AND DESIGN Theplacementanddesignofallstreetfurnitureinthepublicright-of-wayisconditionedbyanumberofexistingCityby-laws,guidelinesandcontractualagreements.Anybicycleracksthataretobeplacedinthesidewalkaresubjecttoapplicablestreetright-of-wayby-laws.Thefollowingdocumentsmustalsobeconsulted:

CityofTorontoAccessibilityDesignGuidelinesCityofTorontoDraftStreetscapeManualCityofTorontoVibrantStreetsGuidelines

CityofTorontostaffinstallingpost-and-ringbicycleparkinginthepublicright-of-way.


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CriteriaforthelocationofstreetfurniturehavebeendevelopedbyToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogramandlistedintheVibrantStreetsGuidelines.Allstreetfurnitureinthepublicright-of-way,includingbicycleracks,mustbeplacedinsuchaswayastosatisfythesecriteria:

Establishandmaintainadistinct,linearpedestrian clearway

Furnituresizetoberesponsivetowidthofpedestrian clearway

Quantityoffurnishingstoreflecttheusepatternsand placementopportunities

Sidewalksandstreetfurnituretobeaccessibletoall users

MaintainsightlinesatintersectionsRespondtosurroundingarchitectureandopenspaceRespondtospecificsiteconditions

Insomeinstances,apropertyownermaywishtoplacetheirownbicycleparkingracksinthepublicright-of- way.InthiscaseapropertyownermustenterintoanencroachmentagreementwiththeCity.Theencroachmentagreementwillincludeapprovalforboththedesignandtheplacementofthebicycleracks.

5.3 LONG-TERM PARKING Long-termparkingisnotoftenplacedinthepublicright-of-way.Inmostcasestheguidelinesfortheplacementanddesignofstreetfurniturewouldnotallowbicyclecagesorbikelockerstobeplacedonthesidewalk.However,forareaswhereithasbeendeemedappropriate,Toronto’snewcoordinatedstreetfurnitureproject,isdevelopingadesignforbicyclelockersthatwillbeconsistentwithotherstreetfurnitureelements.

ProposedbicyclelockerdesignfromToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogram.


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6. POLICY CONTEXT

ThereareanumberofexistingCitypoliciesthatsupportthedevelopmentofhighqualitybicycleparkinginfrastructureasameanstoencourageareductioninautodependency,promoteastandardof“green”developmentandsupportbicycleusecity-wide.

6.1 CITY OF TORONTO OFFICIAL PLAN TheCity’sOfficialPlansupportsincreasedbicycleusethroughanumberofpolicies.Amongthesepoliciesarespecificprovisionsforbicycleparkingaswellasthereductionofautodependencyinnewdevelopments.PleaseseeAppendixBforalistofthekeyOfficialPlanpoliciesrelatedtotheseGuidelines.

6.2 CITY OF TORONTO BIKE PLAN TheTorontoBikePlanestablishesavisionforcyclinginTorontothatisreflectedinthegeneralpoliciesoftheOfficialPlan.Itprovidesintegratedprinciples,objectivesandrecommendationsregardingbicyclerelatedprogrammingandinfrastructure.ThePlanrecommends“ThattheCityproducebicycleparkingguidelinesfordevelopersandpropertymanagerstoassistintheprovisionofhighqualitybicycleparkingfacilities.”(Recommendation9-5http://www.toronto.ca/cycling/bikeplan/).

AspartoftheBikePlanstudy,acomprehensivepublicattitudesurveyconductedin1999askedrecreationalcyclistswhatimprovementswouldencouragethemtousetheirbicyclestotraveltoworkorschool.Surveyresultsshowedapproximately49,000cyclistsinTorontoconsidersecurebicycleparkingastheirsecondmostimportantneed,secondonlytomorebikelanes.Dataalsoshowedthatapproximately33,000Torontocyclistsidentifyaccesstoshowerandchangefacilitiesasanimportantfeaturetoencourageregularbicyclecommuting.

6.3 TORONTO GREEN DEVELOPMENT STANDARD 2008

TheTorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardimplementsthepoliciesoftheOfficialPlanthroughasetofperformancetargetsthatencouragesustainablesiteandbuilding

Bicycleparkingisoneofthesix“spokes”oftheTorontoBikePlan.


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design.ThetargetsresponddirectlytoToronto’slocalenvironmentalpressures,integratingexistingCitypolicies,programs,guidelinesandtargetswithappropriatestandardsfromprivateratingsystemssuchasLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)andGreenGlobes.

DuringthedevelopmentapprovalprocessforallapplicationsinvolvingOfficialPlanandzoningamendments,siteplanapprovalandplansofsubdivision,agreendevelopmentchecklistiscompletedbytheapplicanttosummarizetheminimumandenhancedgreenfeaturesincludedintheirproposal.

The2008TorontoGreenDevelopmentStandardforMid-toHigh-RiseResidences,Commercial,IndustrialandInstitutionalDevelopmentcontainsminimumtargetsforbicycleparkingasfollows:

Provideatleast1.0bicyclespacesperunitfor residentialbuildingswithmorethan10unitsinthe downtownareaand0.75bicyclespacesperunitin residentialbuildingswithmorethan10unitsoutside ofthedowntownarea.

Provide10%oflong-termparkingatgradeina convenientsecurelocation

Provide1parkingspaceforevery15regularbuilding occupants(Minimumofonespacerequired).

Provideshowerandchangefacilitiesforworkplaces (Onefacilityforeachgenderforevery30bicycle parkingspaces).

Providesignageandroadmarkingsforcyclistsonlarge sites.

http://www.toronto.ca/environment/greendevelopment.htm

6.4 CITY OF TORONTO ZONING BY-LAW PROjECT Toronto’sZoningBy-LawProjectbeganin2003.Forthisprojectthe41zoningby-lawsinheritedfromthemunicipalitiesfollowingamalgamationarebeing“harmonized”intoonecomprehensiveZoningBy-Law.UpuntilthecompletionoftheZoningBy-lawProject,thebicycleparkingby-lawsthatarecurrentlyinplaceintheformermunicipalitiesareineffect.ThisincludesZoningBy-LawNo.438-86;NorthYorkCentreSecondaryPlan’sdensityincentivesforbelow-gradebicyclestorage,and

Short-termandlong-termbicycleparkingoptionsatTorontoCityHall.


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ZoningBy-LawNo.104-2008intheScarboroughDistrict.AspartoftheZoningBy-lawprojecttwoconsultantstudieshavebeencompletedtodeveloprecommendationsfornewbicycleparkingstandardsforselectedlanduses.Currently,CitystaffarereviewingtheseconsultantstudiesandtheexistingbicycleparkingstandardsinTorontowithaviewtodevelopingonecity-widestandardforbicycleparking.PleaseseeAppendixBformoredetailedinformationoncurrentdistrictstandardsandproposedcity-widebicycleparkingrequirements.

6.5 VIBRANT STREETS GUIDELINES TheVibrantStreetsdocumentprovidesstreetfurnituredesignandpolicyguidelinesthatweredevelopedforToronto’scoordinatedstreetfurnitureprogram.Withaviewtoharmonizingthedesign,scale,materialsandplacementofstreetfurnitureinToronto,VibrantStreetswillconditionthedesignandplacementofallstreetfurnitureincludingbicycleparkingracksinthepublicright-of-way(onthesidewalk).

http://www.toronto.ca/involved/projects/streetfurniture/pdf/vibrant_streets.pdf

6.6 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS

Variousnationallyandinternationallyrecognizedsustainabledesignstandardsincorporatebicycleparkingasacomponentofenvironmentallyresponsibledesign.Thesestandardsinclude:

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

ThepopularLEEDGreenBuildingRatingsystemwasdevelopedinitiallybytheUSGreenBuildingCouncilandthenadaptedbytheCanadianGreenBuildingCounciltoadministerinCanada.Theprogramprovidesaratingsystemforhighperformancegreenbuildingsbyrewardingpointsforincludingvariousfeaturesofsustainabledesign,uptoatotalof70possiblepoints.OnepointisearnedbymeetingSustainableSites(SS)Credit4.2:AlternativeTransportation–BicycleStorageandChangingRoomswhichrequirestheprovisionofbicyclestorage,changingroomsandshowerfacilities.

TorontoBikeWeekgroupcommute.

Humberriverpedestrianandbicyclebridge


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• Green Globes Design for New Buildings and Retrofits:

GreenGlobesprovidesanonlineassessmentprotocol,ratingsystemandguidanceforgreenbuildingdesign,operationandmanagement.Itprovidesmarketrecognitionofabuilding’senvironmentalattributesthroughthird-partyverification.

UnderSectionC.5–EnergyEfficientTransportation,GreenGlobesawardspointsfortheprovisionofbicyclestorageareasandchangeroomswiththeintenttoreducefossilfuelconsumptionforcommuting(http://www.greenglobes.com/design/criteria.asp).

• Promoting Sustainable Transportation Through Site Design: an ITE Proposed Recommended Practice (Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers):

Thepurposeofthesesitedesignguidelinesistoguidetheplanningandreviewofnon-residentialdevelopmentssothatsitesaredesignedtobemoreaccessibletotravelmodesotherthansingle-occupantvehicles.Guidelinesforbicycleparkingsupply,locationandaccessareprovidedasacomponentofsitedesign.(Section3.4.7BicycleParking)http://www.cite7.org/Technical_Projects/sitedesignreview.htm

6.7 PROVINCIAL POLICIES

PlacestoGrow:GrowthPlanfortheGreaterGoldenHorseshoe

TheGrowthPlanfortheGreaterGoldenHorseshoeisaframeworkforimplementingtheOntarioGovernment’svisiontobuildstronger,prosperouscommunitiesbymanaginggrowthinthisregion.ThePlanwaspreparedunderthePlacestoGrowAct,2005andsetsoutpoliciestoprovideleadershipforimprovingpresentandfuturegrowthto2031.ThePlanguidesdecision-makingonawiderangeofissuesincludingtransportation,land-useplanninginfrastructureplanning,urbanform,housing,naturalheritageandresourceprotection.Planpoliciessupportthevisionofanintegratedregionaltransportationsystemthatwillincludebicycletransportationasapracticalelement.

http://www.placestogrow.ca/

CityofToronto’sBikewayNetworksignageonRoyalYorkroad.


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7. CONCLUSION:

BicycleuseplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofamoreefficienttransportationsysteminToronto.Thefearofvandalismandtheftcanbeasignificantdeterrenttoregularbicycleuse.Providinghighquality,securebicycleparkinginfrastructureandbicycle-friendlypoliciesinnewandexistingdevelopmentswillgoalongwaytosupportandincreasetheuseofbicyclesforeverydaytravelneeds.Highqualitybicycleparkingmustbeincorporatedintooverallsitedesignfromthestart.Lastminuteeffortstomeetparkingrequirementsandfillinunallocatedspaceswillnotproduceawell-designedfacility.Althoughaimedatnewdevelopments,theBicycleParkingGuidelinescanalsobeappliedtoexistingdevelopmentslookingtoimprovebicycleparkingfacilities.Workingtogether,architects,developers,urbandesigners,planners,buildingownersandmanagerscanprovideavitalcontributiontoasustainabletransportationsystemandsupportagrowingcultureofactivetransportinToronto.


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8. APPENDIX A

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CONCEPTUAL SITE PLAN FOR LONG-TERM BICYCLE PARKING IN AN UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGE


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9. APPENDIX B: RELEVANT POLICIES AND BY-LAWS

CITY OF TORONTO OFFICIAL PLAN ThefollowingOfficialPlanpoliciesprovidespecificprovisionsforbicycleparkingaswellasthereductionofautodependencyinnewdevelopments.

Section 2.4 Bringing the City Together: A Progressive Agenda of Transportation Change Policy #7: Policies,programsandinfrastructurewillbeintroducedtocreateasafe,comfortableandbicyclefriendlyenvironmentthatencouragespeopleofallagestocycleforeverydaytransportationandenjoymentincluding:

a) an expanded bikeway network; b) provision of bicycle parking facilities in new developments; c) provision of adequate and secure bicycle parking at rapid transit stations; and d) measures to improve the safety of cyclists through the design and operation of streets and through education and promotion programs.

Policy #3: In targeted growth areas, planning for new development will be undertaken in the context of reducing auto dependency and the transportation demands and impacts of such new development assessed in terms of the broader social and environmental objectives of the Plan’s reurbanization strategy.

Inotherwords,planningfornewdevelopmentwillincludemeasurestoreduceautodependencywitheachdevelopmentsiteaswellasmeasurestoachieveamixedusepatternofdevelopmentintargetedgrowthareas...ect.Theseeffortswillincreasetheopportunityforbetterwalkingandcyclingconditionsandminimizelongtermneedsforcostlytransportationinfrastructureaswellascostsassociatedwithsocial,environmentalandhealtheffectsofincreasedautouse.


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maintained, on the same lot as the building, at least to the extent prescribed in the following table:

(b) The requirements of paragraph (a) shall not apply to any floor space used on or before July 20, 1993.

(c) The bicycle parking spaces required by paragraph (a) shall be provided in the following proportion: 80 percent as bicycle parking space - occupant and 20 percent as bicycle parking spaces - visitor. (1997-0422)

(d) Not more than 50 per cent of bicycle parking spaces - occupant shall be provided in a manner that requires a person to park the bicycle in a vertical position.

(e) Bicycle parking spaces required by paragraph (a) shall not be provided within a dwelling unit or a balcony thereof nor within commercial suites.

Section 2 - Definitions and interpretation, Zoning By-law No. 438-86 (summarized) “bicycleparkingspace”

meansabicycleparkingspace-occupantorabicycleparkingspace-visitor;

“bicycleparkingspace-visitor”maybelocatedoutdoorsorindoorsbutnotwithinasecuredroom,enclosureorbicyclelocker;

“bicycleparkingspace-occupant”maybeabicyclerackorbicyclelocker.Inthecaseofabicyclerackitmustbelocatedinasecuredroomorarea;

Section 4.2 Apartment Neighbourhoods Policy#2(d):

Development in Apartment Neighbourhoods will contribute to the quality of life by including sufficient off-street motor vehicle and bicycle parking for residents and visitors;

WhilethispolicyiscoveredintheZoningBy-Law,importantissuesconcerningthequalityandpracticabilityofbicycleparkinginfrastructurewilldetermine...ectthesuitabilityofthesefacilitiestopromoteincreasedbicycleuse.Sections2-4oftheBicycleParkingGuidelinesaddresstheseissuesindetail.

FormoreinformationonToronto’sOfficialPlan:http://www.toronto.ca/planning/official_plan/introduction.htm

BICYCLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS IN THE SOUTH DISTRICT

BuildingserectedintheSouthDistrict(theformerCityofToronto)afterJuly20,1993needtocomplywiththespecificbicycleparkingandshower-changefacilityrequirementslistedbelow.By-law438-86,Section4(13)Bicycleparkingspacesandshower-changefacilities:whenrequired,number,locationandtype

(a) Subject to paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), no person shall erect or use a building or structure in any use district for a purpose listed below unless bicycle parking spaces and/or shower - change facilities are provided and

USE REQUIREMENT

Residential: Dwelling units in a building containing 10 or more dwelling units, other than senior citizens' housing:

Non-residential: uses listed in sections 8(1)(f)(b)(iv), (v) and (vi), in a building located in any use district and where the combined non-residential gross floor area used for those purposes is equal to or greater than 2,000 square metres:

Non-residential: uses listed in sections 8(1)(f)(b)(iv), (v) and (vi), in a building located in any use district and where the combined non-residential gross floor area used for those purposes is equal to or greater than 20,000 square metres:

0.75 bicycle parking spaces for each dwelling unit, or a fraction thereof equal to or greater than 0.5, to a maximum of 200 bicycle parking spaces;

6 bicycle parking spaces, or one bicycle parking space for every 1,250 square metres of net floor area or fraction thereof equal to or greater than 0.5, whichever is greater

1 shower-change facility for each genderor greater than 20,000 square metres:


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Commercial): Minimum:Greaterof1space/2,000m2or4spacesforprojectswithGFA>2,000m2Maximum:None1shower-changefacilityforeachgenderforprojectswithGFA>20,000m2.

Number of Bicycle Parking Spaces for Residential Uses Minimum:0.10spaces/unitforprojectswith40ormorenongrade-relateddwellingunitsMaximum:NoneNoshower-changefacilityrequired

Other Uses Proponentsofdevelopmentcontainingusesnotcoveredabovewillidentifybicycleparkingstandardsforsuchusesthatareconsistentwiththecontextandguidelinesnotedabove.

BICYCLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS IN SCARBOROUGH DISTRICT:

AdoptionofOfficialPlanAmendmentNo.42&ZoningBy-LawNo.104-2008:TheZoningBy-LawimplementingtheDanforthAvenueStudy(fromVictoriaParkAvenueeastwardstoMedfordAvenue,eastofWardenAvenue)includesspecificbicycleparkingrequirementsforresidentialdevelopmentsinthearea.Residentialdevelopmentsarerequiredtoprovide0.5bicycleparkingspacesperdwellingunitofwhich80%islong-termparkingforoccupantuseand20%isshort-termparkingforvisitors.http://www.toronto.ca/planning/pdf/danfoth_notice_adoption_feb08.pdf

PRELIMINARY DIRECTIONS FOR A NEW ZONING BY-LAW AspartofToronto’sZoningBy-lawprojecttwoconsultantstudieshavebeencompletedtodevelopnewparkingstandardsforselectedlanduses.Asaresultofthesestudiesthefollowingcity-widebicycleparkingstandardshavebeenproposedbytheconsultants.ThesestandardsarecurrentlyunderreviewbyCitystaff.Inaddition,theproposedstandardalsorecommendsthatclothinglockersbesuppliedatatotalof0.7timesthenumberofType1bicycleparkingspaces.http://www.toronto.ca/zoning/

“bicycleparkingspace”meansanareathatisequippedwithabicyclerackforthepurposeofparkingandsecuringbicycles,and:

i.wherethebicyclesaretobeparkedona horizontalsurface,hashorizontaldimensions ofatleast0.6metresby1.8metresandavertical dimensionofatleast1.9metres;

ii.wherethebicyclesaretobeparkedinavertical position,hashorizontaldimensionsofatleast0.6 metresby1.2metresandaverticaldimensionof atleast1.9metres.

NORTH YORK CENTRE SECONDARY PLAN

InDecember2007TorontoCityCounciladoptedanamendmenttotheNorthYorkCentreSecondaryPlanrespectingbelow-gradebicyclestorage.TheamendmentwillbepresentedasasettlementattheOntarioMunicipalBoardin2008.Thepolicyrequirestheprovisionofat-gradebicycleparkinginallmajornewdevelopmentsintheNorthYorkCentreandreadsasfollows:Definition,Number,LocationandDimensions:Abicycleparkingspaceisanareadesignedandequippedexclusivelyforthepurposeofparkingandsecuringabicycle.Thespacewillnotbeprovidedwithinadwellingunit,balconyorcommercialsuite.Alltypesofbicycleparkingspacearrangements(e.g.racks,lockers,etc)canbeconsideredinthereviewofmeetingtheseguidelines.Theminimumnumberofbicycleparkingspacesidentifiedinthispolicyaretobeprovidedinanat-gradecommonbicycleroomconvenientlyaccessibletotheoutside.Additionalbicycleparkingspacesmaybeprovidedinotherlocations

Dimensions of bicycle parking spaces: Minimum1.9mhighby0.6mwideby1.2metresdeep(verticalparking)or1.8metresdeep(horizontalparking).Nomorethan50%ofspaceswillbeprovidedasverticalparking.Dimensionsofshower-changefacilitieswillmeettheminimumrequirementsoftheOntarioBuildingCode.

Number of Bicycle Parking Spaces for Commercial Uses (Office, Institutional, Ancillary Retail and Service


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USE

General Office/GovernmentOffice

MedicalOffice

Retail/Restaurant

Multi-UseResidential

0.2 spaces/ 100m2 Greater of: 0.2 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2

Greater of: 0.3 spaces/ 100m2 or 6 spaces for sites with non-residential GFA>1000m2

20% of 1.0 spaces per unit





0.15 spaces/ 100m2

0.2 spaces/ 100m2

80% of 1.0 spaces / unit

0.13 spaces/ 100m2

0.1 spaces/ 100m2

0.13 spaces/ 100m2



TYPE 1* TYPE 2*TYPE 1* TYPE 2*

Rest of the CityDowntown and Central Waterfront / City Centres †

† Toronto Official Plan -Map 2. * Type 1 = Long-term parking; Type 2 = Short-term parking. ** no upper limit on bike parking spaces

Proposed Minimum Number of Required Off-Street Bicycle Spaces**

0-4

0-29

30-59

60-89

90-119

120-149

150-179

Over179

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 plus 1 for additional 30 bicycle spaces

Required Number ofType 1 Bicycle Parking Spaces

Number of Shower Stalls

Proposed minimum number of shower facilities requiredfor each gender (for commercial uses)


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A Guide for Business Owners & Cyclists in the City of Toronto

Bicycle Parking

10. APPENDIX C: BICYCLE PARKING BROCHURE

In2003theCityofTorontoproducedabicycleparkingbrochure:BicycleParking:AGuideforBusinessOwnersandCyclistsintheCityofToronto.Thisbrochureincludesinformationonbicycleparkingoptions,tipsforcyclistsonavoidingbicycletheft,andthebenefitsofbicyclecommuting.Formoreinformation:http://www.toronto.ca/bug/pdf/bicycle_parking_guide.pdf

Date post:	15-May-2018
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Guidelines for the Design and Management of Bicycle Parking Facilities€¦ · ·...

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