Seminar
Physical Fields and Radiations of a Human: New Methods for Early Non-Invasive
Medical Diagnostics –Acad. Prof. Yuri V. Gulyaev
Director, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics
Member, Presidium of Russian Academy of Science
Russian Academy of Sciences
)
The Human body is a dynamic self-controlled system whose stability (homeostasis)
is ensured by simultaneous functioning of the distributed physiological systems –
neuroregulation, blood circulation, metabolism ets. Continues functioning of all these
life-supporting systems is reflected in real time on one hand in a complex pattern
of physical fields and radiations coming from the Human body : infrared, microwave,
optical, acoustic radiations, electric and magnetic fields and on the other hand in
parametric changes of natural background fields and radiations and the atmosphere
that usually surround the Human. Precise measurements and dynamic mapping of
these fields and radiations and background changes give the possibility of new
ways of very early medical diagnostics - the important component of preventive
medicine. In this report the experimental equipment for such a measurements
will be described and diagnostics examples will be presented.-
No doubts that between the most important achievements of modern medicine
are various kinds of computer tomography of Human body : X-ray tomography,
MRI-tomography, ultrasonic tomography, PET (positron emission tomography), ets.
These methods allow doctor to see the position and pathologies of internal organs
without opening the body. Some of these tomographies (MRI, PET) allow one to
see also the functioning of the organs. This latter circumstance is extremely
important, since:
a) the misfunction of organs usually occurs before pathological
changes;
b) it is very important to monitor results of all kinds of medical
treatment in real time and
c) revealing patients whose homeostasis is just about to go
outside of its dynamic stability range gives possibility to
return them to norm by mobilization of
their organizm's internal reserves.
So all methods which allow doctor to "see"functioning of
human organs and
orgamzm as a whole, so to say, "in vivo" are extremely
important for early medical
diagnostics and, as a sequence, for preventive medicine.
idea of the method, based on the remote radiophysical sensing,
is the following :
In the process of functioning around human beings, animals and other living
organizms there appears complex picture of physical fields and radiations, reflecting
in real time the work of physiological systems of homeostasis. By precise
measurements of those fields and radiations, which are sufficiently modulated by
physiological processes, by investigations of their spatial and temporal distributions,
it is possible to create new noninvasive methods of functional medical diagnostics.
It is nesessary to stress here, that this approach uses exclusively passive methods of
measurements of fields and radiations from the living body with subsequent
computer processing so it is completely noninvasive and may be called "Passive
Functional Tomography"(PFT).
Very close to it are the measurements of the changes of natural background
fields and radiations and the atmosphere usually surrounding living organizm. These
measurements are also noninvasive and also may bring inportant information about
the functioning of the organizm.
There are six kinds of the fields and radiations satisfying abovesaid conditions
Physical Fields and Radiations of a Human
Infrared
10 mW/cm2Bioluminescence
(visible)
10-17 W/cm2
Microwave
10-12 W/cm2GHz
Acoustics
10-11 W/cm2MHz
Magnetic field
10-10-10-12 TL
at L=10 cm
Micro
atmosphere
CO2 , H2O,
etc/
Electric field
(membranes)
10-5 V/cm
at L=3 cm
Electric field
(ballistogram)
10-2 V/cm
at L=50 cm
REMOTE THERMOGRAPHY
The method is
completely non-
invasive
Multiple investigations
are possible
Temperature resolution
up to 0,01оС
Minimum size of
measured square area
is 0,25 мм2
The results are stable
in timeIRTIS-2000М
Scanning infra-red
Device for visualization and measurements
of thermal fields
IRE_RAS-Eldis
PORTABLE TERMOVISION DEVICE «ЛИК – 2»
-range of spectral sensitivity: 3-5 мкм;
- temperature sensitivity : <0.03 К;
- IR detector: PtSi matrix at 80 K;
- Number of pixels:
CCD 256х256
КМОS
512х512
- Frames per second: 25(50) Hz;
- size: 12х26х22 cм;
- weight: 3,2 кG.
Институт общей физики имени А. М. Прохорова
ПОРТАТИВНЫЙ НОСИМЫЙ ТЕПЛОВИЗИОННЫЙ ПРИБОР «ЛИК-2»
Основные технические характеристики
Область спектральной чувствительности, мкм
Разность температур, эквивалентная шуму, К
Время непрерывной работы, час
Диапазон рабочих температур, С
Пороговая чувствительность, Вт/см2
ИК детектор
Число элементов матрицы:
ПЗС
КМОП
Рабочая температура матрицы, К
Динамический диапазон, дБ
Частота обновления информации на матрице, Гц
Габаритные размеры (без индикатора), мм
Общая масса камеры
(с объективом, видоискателем и АБ), кг
3
5 0,03
6
8
-15
+50
(2
5) ×
10
-7
охлаждаемая
матрица на PtSi
256×256 или
128×128
512×512 80
60
25 (50)
120×160×220
3,2
© A.M. Prokhorov GPI RAS
Detection of cancer by glucose test
Blokhin CSC
Melanoma Brest cancer (3rd stage)
Detection of eye orbit cancer by glucose test
Helmholts Moscow Institute of Eye Decieses
ThermocoronarographyThe new method for vessels system visualization during opearation on
open heart
High Technology Surgery Center (Prof Aktchurin R S)
Spine Osteochondrosis Trombophlebitis
Post-stroke state Varicose veins
Vein valve breakup Left breast fibroadenoma
Roots syndrome Heart ischemie
Dynamic Thermography
DIPAS, Delhi, India (Prof. Selvamurthy)
Temperature processes on the yoga face during meditation
RADIOTHERMOGRAPHY
Multi-Channel Radiothermograph for 3D
Measurements of Inner Human Body Temperature
(IRE RAS)
Main Parameters:
–Number of channels - 12
–Working wavelength – 21-38 см
–Fluctuation sensitivity - 0,1 K
for 2 s accumulation
Cancer of right lunge: glucose test reaction
Red areas
correspond to high
temperature
On the right –
temperature
time dependence in
symmetric points
IRE RAS
Multi-Channel Radiothermograph for Investigations of
Human Brain Functions
Medical Multi-Channel Radiothermography for
Investigation of Centre of the Epilepsy by the
Hyperventilation Test
Dynamics of Temperature Distribution over the
Cortex during Performance the Numerical Calculations
IRE RAS, IAP RAS
Multi-Cannel Acoustothermometry
Multi-Channel acoustothermotomograph Localization of the temperature non-
uniformities
X – transverse coordinate,Y - depth.
• All cases where knowledge of the 3D
temperature distribution inside human
body is important.
Parameters: sensitivity ~ 0.3-
0.2 K, at accumulation =5 - 10 s
Application areas:
Hot object
Scanning
device
Medium under
investigation
12th-channel
acousoradiometer
Scanning direction
12th channel receiving
antenna
Detection of the internal temperature of the non-
uniformities of the biological tissues in vivo by their own
thermal acoustic radiation.
Y
X
210 mm
40 mmmaxmin
0
Mapping of the
Electric Field
Distribution over the
Human Body
ГцфТ /10
The second order
gradientometer on
the basis of CW
SQUID’S for
registrations of the
heart magnetic
fields with sensitivity
10 fT/Hz1/2. It is
immersed into
nonmagnetic glass-
fiber cryostat with
liquid helium (or
nitrogen)
CW-SQUID
electronics
Electronic filtration and
amplification of the
primary data
Processing and presentation of
data with the help of the inverse
problem solution algorithms for
heart diagnosis
Magnetocardiography
data base
ГцфТ /10
Magnetocardiographic system
Magnetographic Charts of the Normal Heart at
some Moment within the ST-T Interval Marked by
the Cursor
The healthy heart generates stable in time and regular in shape magnetic field
chart which has two extremuma (one minimum and one maximum) within
ST-T interval. The magnetic field between the extremuma changes smoothly
and can be described quantitatively.
The orientation of the line connecting the extremuma is stable (along the
diagonal) inside ST-T interval. The changes of the orientation are small. The
depth of the dipole source as function of time is practically constant within all
ST-T interval.
Magnetic Field Chart of the Patient with the
Beginning Stage of the Heart Ischemia
Decease
Magnetic Field Charts of the Heart
after Myocardium Infarction
The pathology shows itself as non-regularity of the magnetic field chart in
comparison with the chart of the healthy human. In particular, the
magnetic field change character becomes non-uniform, additional
extremuma appear, especially at the beginning of ST-T interval.
Orientation of the line connecting the extremuma is unstable, especially
at the beginning of ST-T interval.
The depth of the dipole source as function of time within ST-T interval
strongly fluctuates.
Patient with Paraxismal Ventricular
Tachycardia
The conductivity is very sensitive indicator of bio-tissues
physiological balance. For example, malignant neoplasmas,
inflammatory processes, hypostasis are accompanied by the
increase of conductivity.
Electroimpedance Computer Tomography
Diagnosis of cancer
Impedance TomogramX-Ray film
Lung with cancerHealthy lung
Electroimpedance computer
mammograph
1 – matrix of electrodes
2 – consolidated electrodes
1
2
Unit Cut 1 . . . Cut n
Electroimpedance mammograph can give 3D
distributions of conductivity images in sub-
surface areas (~5 cm) using matrix with 256
electrodes.
Diagnosis of Cancer
Normal
(left breast)
Carcinoma
(right breast)
Optical tomography with the use of
femtosecond radiation allows one to build
images as the inner near-surface structure
biotissues far the depth up to 2 mm with
the resolution about 10 mkm ( both
endoscopic и external diagnostics).
1 cm
Gullet tomogrammes
SE
LP
SM
MP
MM
1 мм
1 мм
Normal mucous membrane
Gallet cancer
Optical tomograph for obtaining the images of the biotissues
in vivo
Laser Analizer of the Breath-out Air Microcomponents
Physical Principle – high-resolution molecular spectroscopy in the middle IR-
range on the basis of tunable diode lasers.
Used lasers – semiconductor DHJ structures based on the A4B6 and A3B5
compaunds.
Destination - the detection in the breath-out air the micro-concentrations of
the gaseous molecules-biomarkers and high precision determination of the
isotopic ratio of some non-radioactive elements.
© A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of RAS
Laser Analysis of the Carbon Isotopic Ratio 13C/12Cin the Breath-out CO2
0 50 100 150 200 250
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Вариации 13
C в выдыхаемом воздухе
в течение13
C-УДТ
H.p. +
H.p. +
H.p. -
H.p. -
13C
, ‰
Время после приема 13
С-Мочевины, мин
13C-ureasa breath test (13C-UBT) for
non-invasive diagnostics of
Helicobacter Pylori bacteria in the
stomach and duodenum
Application:
Diagnostics and monitoring of the
therapy during gastritis and ulcer of
stomach and duodenum treatment
More than 600 cases treated
© A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of RAS
Change of the concentration 13C in
breath-out air during 13C-UBT
Thank you for your attention!!!