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Venu J. Gupta, P.E., SuperintendentRichard Pollack, Training Instructor
Department of Public WorksCity of Milwaukee
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City of Milwaukee
Located on the Shores of Lake MichiganPopulation………………………..….596,974Streets…………………………….....1,415 milesBridges…………………...……….….220
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Snow and Ice Control Operations
Six Sanitation Districts
Salt Capacity16,000 tons
Liquid Calcium Chloride, (CaCl2) 47,000 gallons
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Snow and Ice Operations
Mission: Remove Snow and Ice
� Expeditiously
� Economically
� Provide safety for travelling public
� Minimize economical losses to community
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Early Fall
Making Equipment Count...and Counting Equipment
Plows - moldboards-cutting edgesSnowplow Hoists - underbody bladesPneumatic and Hydraulic Systems - hosesSpreaders - spinners, augers, auxiliary equipmentpumps, hoses, controls, calibrationElectrical EquipmentCommunication EquipmentSafety EquipmentTraining of New Drivers
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Theory versus Hand-On
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Theory
� Administrative Procedures� Safety Program and Requirements� Equipment Operation and Inspection� Material Application� Material Spreader Controls� Spreader Calibrations� Communication System� New Snow and Ice Policies� Plowing Techniques� Training Assessment
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Hands On
ShopPre-Trip Inspections
Over the RoadSkills Demonstration - dry no snow or iceSkills Demonstration - actual snow and ice conditions
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Weather Information
Murray and Trettel, Northfield, IllinoisSurface Systems, Inc. (SSI), St. Louis, Missouri
Surface SensorsNorth 115th Street and West Silver Spring DriveNorth 92nd Street and West Chester StreetSouth 6th Street Bridge Weather Station
State of Wisconsin Sensor Network
Department of Transportation
Vehicles Equipped with Infrared SensorsAmbient TemperaturePavement Temperature
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Snow and Ice Control
Incidental SaltingsBridge Run
18 Salt trucksGeneral Ice Control, (GIC)
Salt treated with liquid calcium chloride90 salt trucks
General Plowing, (more than three inches of snow)90 to 105 salt trucks125 garbage packersContractors, as neededTwelve to eighteen hours
Snow EmergencyClean up Operations
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Snow and Ice Control Strategies -Methods Available
� Road and weather conditionsThat existThat are forecastThat need to be acted upon
� Equipment and Material AvailabilityCapabilityLimitations
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Anti-Icing
Using 23%, (23.3%) Sodium Chloride, NaCl at up to 15 F
De-IcingSalt, “de-icer of choice”
Pre-wettingWith Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride
Road Weather Information System, (RWIS)Pavement and environmental sensorsPredict whether precipitation will freeze on the pavement
Surveillance CamerasMonitor visibility and the presence of precipitation
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Re-Designed, Re-Tooled Snow and Ice Control
� Snow Fighter Training Program
Vehicle Technicians
Experienced Operators New Operators
Trainers
Fleet Management
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Creating Highly Skilled Snow Fighters
Key to acquiring the necessary motor skillsis to control complex systems safely and efficiently.
Hands on coached training
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What is Skill?
High quality of outputGood deal of consistencySmoothness of motionPro-active thinkingAdaptability to changing environmentCapability for skill improvement
Motivation, fatigue, boredom, noise and temperaturemay impact performance.
Eliminate the extraneous effects as much as possibleto improve learning curves or performance curves.
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Creative Symphony Out of Musicians
Everyone marching to the same drum beat.
Optimizing winter maintenance performance.
Training, Training, Training!
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Retooled Training
Timing
Presentations
Testing for Retention
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Benefits of Re-Tooled Program
Efficiency and Effectiveness
Safety
Environmental
Cost
Equipment
Legal/Litigation
Levels of Service Policy
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Transfer of Training
Classroom - First time information
40% Lost within weeks
25% Remains after six months
15% Remains after first year
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Strategies to Increase Retention
Live examplesShare anecdotal experienceVary training based on number of years experienceUse best drivers to help train rookiesCase studiesPhotosVideoSoftware based trainingAnnual review methods and materials
Reinforces learning
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Techniques to Speed Learning and to Improve Retention
The Brain in the Learning Process
Left Side of BrainLogicalLinearSequential reasoning
Right Side of BrainHolistic viewCreative imaginationLong term memoryAppropriate music• Alpha brain rhythm• Seven to thirteen pulses per secondVisualizeMake associationsEmotionsVideo therapy
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Mandala by Iraci Santana
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2004 Driver/Operator Training SummaryCity of Milwaukee, Department of Public Works-Fleet Services
� Equipping Today’s High Tech Snow Fighters
Total Personnel Trained…………………………………….Training Sessions……………………………………………Snow Plow Refresher Classes……………………………..Snow Fighters………………………………………………..Training Categories………………………………………….Full Time Instructors………………………………………...
Total Years of Experience………………………………..Auxiliary Instructors………………………………………….
Total Years of Experience………………………………..Grand Total Years of Experience………………………….CDL Tests Given…………………………………………….Programs started in 1991, with 5 third party examiners
Tests Given………………………………………………...Today in 2005, 10 third party examiners
Total tests given to date…………………………………..Vehicle Accidents Investigated……………………………..
Preventable………………………………………………...Non-preventable…………………………………………...Investigative………………………………………………..
7554691338738245 years580 years125 years345
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5,882442217124101
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Two Day Snow Plow Training - Day One
Sign in, introduction and explanations, (check for valid driver’s license).Videos:1. Class B Pre-Trip, (explain importance of pre-trip after video).2. Plow power, (different maneuvers, techniques and safety).3. City of Pittsburgh, (how to handle a large truck and driving techniques).4. Snow plow safety.Slide presentation, (various equipment, plows, location, mount, dismount, etc.)
Coffee Break 9:20-9:40a.m.
Snow plow driver orientation handout. Use other various handouts and “Plow Bible”as reference for point you are trying to make. Also use board to show varioustechniques.(Classroom should finish up about 11:00a.m.)Entire class outside for hands on pre-trip, including plow hitch and snow plowinspection, then practice mounting and dismounting plows, (including new d-ring plow).
Lunch Break 12:00-12;30p.m.
Afternoon should be spent on road practicing, (concentrate on curb cuts).Return to yard about 3:00p.m., (questions and discussion with students).
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Two Day Snow Plow Training - Day Two
Check for valid driver’s licenses, explain days activities.Video-Plowing with automatic transmission.Review-techniques, progress from Day One, (weak points, problems, etc.).Entire class outside for practice, (on the road).
Coffee Break 9:20-9:40a.m.
Road test immediately after morning break, (let the training coordinator know whopassed or failed as soon as possible).
Lunch Break 12:00-12;30p.m.
Salter class.Explanations of salters and salt operations, time sheets and repair tickets.Videos:1. Dickey John ICS 20002. Call-out procedure, (how we currently handle it).Slide presentation, (checking out salter for operation, damage, control, etc.)Questions and discussion.Take entire class outside for hands on operation.Show students new salter, pre-wetting controls and old salter system, (along withsuper salter, if possible). 24
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Display PushbuttonsThere are three momentary contact pushbuttons located on the front of the 999J display. These pushbuttons are recessed and are accessed through small holes in the display lens. Pressing any pushbutton will briefly sound the meter’s beeper to confirm the operation. These buttons are designated, from left to right as Menu/Zero, Dec and Inc.Menu/Zero: Performs multiple functions.Calibrations: If the sensor is pointed at an “Ice Bath” press and release Menu/Zero to calibrate. It will only allow one to calibrate the sensor if it is within a given range, (+/- 5F @ 32F). You will know that you are looking at ice when you hear the alarm sound. Once pointed at ice and the Menu/Zero button has been pressed and released the left most digits will flash. Keep the sensor pointed at ice for six or seven seconds until the left-most digits quit flashing. The sensor is now calibrated to ice or 32F. Again, if the sensor is not pointing at ice the calibration function will not work.
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Front Panel View
Infrared Pavement Temperature Sensor
Rear Panel View
Ambient Sensor
Light showspower is on
Plug locksinto place,(top view)
Align, plugand turnforwaterproofseal
Power Ambient Sensor Celsius/FahrenheitPlug Plug Switch
Suction Cup
IncreaseDecrease
Menu/ZeroLow Temp.
Alarm Light(Alarm sounds
with light)
RS232output
Control Products Inc., Model 999J, Surface Patrol, Estimated Cost-$999.00
999J I.R. Temperature Sensor - Calibration and Operation
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Audio/Video DVD/CD Production System
CPU…………………………………….Memory………………………………...Primary Hard Drive, for all software...Secondary Hard Drive, for all data….Video Card…………………………….
Video Monitors………………………..Sound Card…………………………...Converter Card………………………..Digital Memory Card Reader………..
Operating System…………………….
Video Editing…………………………..
Sound Editing…………………………
Drawing………………………………...
Office Suite…………………………….
P4 3.8 GHz……………..………….……by Intel3 GB RAM80 GB Serial-ATA Drive250 GB Serial-ATA DriveATI Radeon X850XT PCI -express w/256MB memory…………………………..……...by Power Cooler20” Flat Screen LCD Monitors (x’s 2)Delta 101OLT………………………..….by M-AudioAdvanced Digital Video Converter 50..by CanopusMAUSB-10………………………....……by Olympus
Windows XP Pro w/SP2…………..…...by Microsoft
Vegas+DVD ver 5-bundle………….…..by Sony
Soundforge ver 7-bundle………..……..by Sony
Illustrator CS…………………….…..…..by Adobe
Office 2003 Pro…………………….……by Microsoft
Dell Optiplex GX280-Mini Tower PC
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Thank You&
Happy Snow Plowing
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