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SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

AT

BHARTI REALTY COMMERCIAL COMPLEX

BY: GURMANPREET SINGH7140100014

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VASCON ENGINEERS LIMITED has more then 25 years of experience inconceiving, developing, constructing and managing various projects. It is active

in multiple sectors including residential, industrial, IT parks, malls and

multiplexes, hospitality and community.

Right from its inception in 1986, vascon has remained committed to applying

the art or value based aesthetics into the science of construction through

efficient engineering. The vascon team is mainly made up of engineers who

are backed up by highly qualified specialists from various fields of

management.

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NAME OF THE PROJECT: Bharti Realty Commercial Complex NAME OF THE CONTRACTOR: Vascon Engineers Limited CLIENT: Bharti Realty Limited SITE ADDRESS: Bharti Realty Commercial Complex, Opposite PU Extension

Library, Mall Road, Ludhiana.

ARCHITECHTURAL CONSULTANTS: Rajinder Kumar & Associates STRUCTURAL CONSULTANTS: Vintech Consultants

Estimated cost of project: ` 105 Crores

Cost of building work under vascon: ` 30 Crores

Total Area: 10009.598 sqm

The Project consists of 3 basements for parking, 11 floors in the

superstructure which will consist of Stores, Cinemas & Food Courts.

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Site Clearance

Excavation Boring

Piling

Surveying

PCC

Marking Reinforcement

Concreting of Foundation

Assembling of Scaffolding

Column Casting

Slab & Beam Casting Disassembling of Scaffolding

Curing

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EXCAVATION FOR PILING:- The depth of excavation was approx. 5mThe margin of 1m was provided from the boundary line for providing

the working space.

EXCAVATION FOR PCC & FOUNDATION :- Excavation for PCC &Foundation was done mechanically with the help of machines namely

JCB Digger, L&T Komatsu and Kobelco.The RL of the road in front of the

site is 99m. Excavation done was 18.045 m (Down) w.r.t to RL of road.

So, RL of bottom most point is 80.955m.

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Piles are used in this building because of sandy soil. As sandy soil will not

sustain loads and is liable to landslide, therefore piles are used. Also

Building is at the edge of the main road so vibrations are created due to

moving loads (vehicles), this also forced the use of piles in this building.

The Reduced level of road in front of site is 99m. So, with respect to it a

permanent benchmark of 100m was marked on a particular location at

the site with help of auto level. As this permanent benchmark wasnt

visible from all the points on the site, therefore some temporary

benchmarks were also marked on the site and checked regularly. Reduced

level of top of casing of pile was found with respect to these permanent

and temporary benchmarks.

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Layout of piles was done with the help of Posts (also called burjis) onReference line and theodolite.

Firstly, theodolite was set on one of the Post and then the horizontal anglewas measured equal to 0 along the reference line.

Taking angle equal to 0 along the reference line and then rotating theodoliteby 90, a point was dropped on the ground at a distance of 6.1m fromreference line and adjusted in such a way that this point should coincide withthe cross hair in theodolite.

Similarly another point is also taken at same distance from reference line onthe ground and these two points are tied with the help of thread, also calledline dori.

The two points are marked on the ground and tied with help of a thread.

Along the thread we get inner face of the pile, as diameter of pile is 600mm,therefore another two points at a distance 300 mm are marked from previous

two points and tied with a line dori so that line dori now is along the centreline of the pile.

Then the marking of piles can easily be done with help of a measuring tapesuch that successive points along the thread are at a distance 750 mm c/caway from each other.

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First of all chisel condition is examined.

Then a mark is made on the ground( with help of chisel) on which pile is to

be bored.

Then casing is placed on it.

Casing is then embedded into the ground by applying load over itsboundaries with the help of chisel.

Then after the bore of required depth is made then steel cages are put

into the bore and the steel cages are connected with each other by

providing lap.

Last step is to pour concrete with the help of pipes.

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Total no of piles: 477

Concrete used in the piles: M30

Centre to Centre distance between two piles: 750mm

Diameter of an individual pile: 600mm

RL of concrete top: 95.055 m

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REINFORCEMENT DETAIL-: The steel cage is divided into three parts Top Cage

Middle Cage

Bottom Cage

TOP CAGE

No of bars: 16

Diameter of bar: 16mm

No of Rings: 35@8mmMIDDLE CAGE

No of bars: 16

Diameter of bar: 25

No of Rings: 35@8mm

BOTTOM CAGE

No of Bars: 16 Diameter of bar: 25

No of Rings: 46@8mm

Lap length between two cages: 1m

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VIEWS OF PILING WORK

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Concrete used in the pilling work is of M30 grade. Concrete is brought

directly on the site in a mixer from ACC Ready Mix plant situated inSahnewal. Concrete mix is poured into the piles with the help of a cone

and pipe as shown in the figure.

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First of all, excavation work was done at the required area.

Then, PCC bed was prepared by ramming the soil with the help of hand

rammers.

The RL of bottom most point was 80.955m. PCC of thickness 75 mm was

laid, therefore RL of top of PCC = 81.030m (80.955+0.075).

Grade of concrete used for PCC is M7.5 having ratio 1:4:8

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Firstly, the posts (burjis) on X Grid (X1, X2, X3...) & Y Grid (Y1, Y2, Y3...)

were dropped and marked on the ground with the help of theodolite.

Now the column whose marking is to be provided is seen in the drawing

from which we get to know about the centre point of column.

For each column, two lines will be there, one each from a post (burji) on X

Grid & Y Grid, the intersection point of these lines is actually the centre

point of column.

Then by using the dimension given in the drawing, marking of the column

is done accordingly may it be circular or square.

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MARKING OF SQUARE COLUMN

MARKING OF CIRCULAR COLUMN

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Foundations are structural elements that transfer loads from to earth.

ISOLATED FOOTINGIsolated footings are provided under each column and may be square,

rectangular, or circular in plan. Footing may be flat or sloped. At our site

isolated square footings provided are sloped ones.

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

Size of Isolated Footing: 6m 6m

Concrete Used: M20

Steel Used: Fe415

Diameter of bars: 20mm

Spacing: 200mm c/c

ISOLATED FOOTING

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COMBINED FOOTING

Combined footings are provided to support two or more column loads. Thesemay be continuous with rectangular or trapezoidal in plan. Combined footings

become necessary under the following circumstances:

A) When the isolated footings overlap.

B) When the exterior column is close to the property line such that symmetricalisolated footing cannot be provided.

In combined footings, a slab was provided at the bottom, through which a strap

beam passes, columns were then erected from within the strap beam. The basic

purpose of providing strap beam is to distribute the pressure uniformly on

footing.

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Sizes of Combined Footing: 14m 5.5m

Beam Depth: 1725mm

Slab Depth: 900mm

Diameter of bars: 32mm, 25mm, 20mm (Main)

16mm (Distribution)

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RAFT FOUNDATION

Raft foundation is provided when the soil is having very low bearing capacity

and or when columns loads are heavy, the required footing area becomes very

large and uneconomical.

RAFT FOUNDATION (PLAN)

In raft foundation, for each column individual pedestals were provided, columns

were then erected from within the pedestals.

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Size of Raft Foundation: 24m 12m

Slab Depth: 1200mm

Diameter of bars: 20mm, 16mm, 32mm(extra steel b/w columns)

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Shuttering should be cleaned of all dust and debris before laying of

concrete

In order to prevent the shuttering from absorbing water from concrete, acoat of crude oil or grease etc. is usually applied to the shuttering before

concreting.

While placing concrete, care should be taken that it should not be thrown

from height.

Concrete should be properly compacted before laying next one.

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The term compaction of concrete means the compaction between

aggregate and aggregate, between aggregate and reinforcement, and

between aggregate and forms.

The main aim of compaction of concrete is done to eliminate air bubbles

and thus to give max density to the concrete. An intimate contact

between concrete and reinforcement is ensured by proper compaction.

Mechanical compaction was done at site as shown below.

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Concrete achieves its strength through a hydraulic process known ashydration. With the addition of the correct amount of water, cement gels

into a paste that glues sand and aggregates together to form hardened

concrete. It has been established that the strength of concrete increases

with the age provided it is kept damp. During the process of curing the

concrete absorbs the water necessary for its complete chemical action to

reach its required strength. The strength of concrete increases more

rapidly in the first few days after setting and afterwards the rate of

increase in strength go on retarding. The period for which curing should

be continued depends upon the atmosphere conditions. Correct curing

also increases resistance of concrete to abrasion and reduces shrinkage.

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POUNDING WITH WATER

It was done on horizontal surfaces. It is carried out by supplying water tothe surface of concrete in a way that ensures that it is kept continuously

moist.

CURING WITH JUTE BAGS

It is done on vertical surfaces. Fabrics are particularly useful in case ofvertical surfaces since they help distribute water evenly over the surface.

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Firstly beam bottom and beam top(same as that of slab top) are markedon the column.

Assemblage of Scaffolding and Shuttering is then done accordingly.

The oil is applied to the shuttering plates so as to obtain the smooth

surface.

After this, the slab and beam are checked for steel as per drawing. Now the steel is lifted from bottom to maintain a cover with the help of a

cover block.

Concreting of slab and beam is done with mix 1:1.5:3 by pipes.

Compaction of concrete is done by vibrator.

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Type: Two way slab.

Slab thickness: 150mm

Steel used: Fe 415

Concrete used: M20(1: 1.5 :3)

Diameter of bars used as main steel: 12mm @ 250mm c/c Diameter of bars used as distribution steel: 10mm @ 250 c/c

Effective cover provided: 25mm

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SCAFFOLDING refers to a temporary platform built around the face of a

structure, allowing workers to perform construction or maintenancetasks that cannot be reached from the ground. In scaffolding work we

use lasers, cup locks, base plate, u head, vahler etc.

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It is necessary to provide some temporary structure to confine and supportthe fresh concrete till it gains strength for self supporting. The temporarystructure provided for this purpose is known as FORMWORK OR

SHUTTERING.

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