GWRC activiteiten rondomGWRC activiteiten rondom klimaatverandering en energie

Stowa Afvalwater symposium Amersfoort - 25 Mei 2010

Global Water Research Coalition

• Network of water research organisations active in the urban water cycle

• Objectives:– Exchange of information and knowledge

– Development of research strategies for global issuesp g g

– Coordination of research efforts

Global cooperation for generation and sharing of water knowledge

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water knowledge

The GWRC Members• Water Research Foundation (US) • PUB (SG)( )• WERF (US)• Anjou Recherche (Veolia) (FR)

• STOWA (NL)• UKWIR (GB)

WQRA (AU)• CIRSEE (Suez) (FR)• TZW (DE)• EAWAG (CH)

• WQRA (AU)• WSAA (AU)• WRC (ZA)• EAWAG (CH)

• KWR (NL)WRC (ZA)

• Roots in the water sectorRoots in the water sector • Coordination of water research programs at a (inter) national level• Indirectly serving 500 mio consumers

• GWRC partners: US E i t l P t ti A

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- US Environmental Protection Agency- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Playfield: urban water cycle

Waste waterWaste water

Industrial Industrial water usewater use

WaterWatertreatmenttreatmentMunicipal Municipal Precipitation Precipitation

Atmospheric water vapor Atmospheric water vapor

Waste water Waste water reclamation/reusereclamation/reuse

surfacesurfacewaterwater

treatmenttreatmentppuseuse

Irrigation Irrigation

pp

PotablePotablereusereuse

Surface waterSurface water

GroundGroundGround waterGround waterreusereusewaterwater

Ground water rechargeGround water recharge

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Research AgendaResearch Agenda

• Water Quality – Algal toxins, Water-borne pathogens, hardness & CVD, ..

EDC & Pharmaceuticals NDMA PFAC/S– EDC & Pharmaceuticals, NDMA, PFAC/S…– Nanoparticles

• Asset Managementg• Wastewater Treatment (i.e. MBR EQ)• Water Reuse• Energy • Climate Change

• Desalination, Water Footprint, Rain & Gray water, Pipe Materials Water Quality in Distribution System

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Pipe Materials, Water Quality in Distribution System

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Water Energy & Climate ChangeWater, Energy & Climate Change

Impact Climate Change- Water quantity & quality

Demand & Energy - Population growth

- Infrastructure- Emission standards

- Urbanisation- Usage, costs of energy

Urban Water Cycle

GHG emissions Resource Recovery - Direct Indirect- Energy, chemicals, …- CO2, N2O, CH4 ….

- Energy: CH4, fuel cells, algae oil, …

- Water, nutrients, …

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Energy and Resource Recovery fromEnergy and Resource Recovery from Sludge

• GoalsP id t t f– Provide status of knowledge on energy and resource recovery from sludgesludge

– Identify research needs and knowledge gaps

– Inform workshop on Water and Energy

Products Recoverable from SewageProducts Recoverable from Sewage Sludge

Type of Product Use of Product

Methane Electricity, heat, fuelMethane Electricity, heat, fuel

Gases Electricity, heatOil, fat, grease Biodiesel, methane, , g ,

Phosphorus FertilizersNitrogen FertilizersMetals Coagulants

Inorganic Materials Building Materials Inoculum Bio hydrogen gas productionInoculum Bio-hydrogen gas production

Crystal proteins, spores Bio-pesticides productionOrganic compounds Organic acid productiong p g p

Resource RecoveryResource RecoveryProcesses Emerging Technology Examples

Phosphorus recoveryChemical processes KREPO, Seaborne, Aqua-Reci, Kemicond, BioCon,

SEPHOSSEPHOSCrystallization

processesCrystalactor®, Phostrip

Building MaterialThermal solidification GlassPack®

Incineration Portland CementIncineration Portland CementNitrogen

Chemio-process ARP Technologyp gyVolatile acids

Microbial FermentationHydrothermal Wet air oxidation

Water Energy and Climate ChangeWater, Energy and Climate Change

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Water & Climate Change projectsBuyers' Guide to Climate Risk Information for Water Utilities Water RF

Regulatory Barriers to Sustainable Water/Wastewater Industry Water RF (2011)

Climate Change Impacts on Soils and Underground Infrastructure KWR & STOWA

Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Management Tools for Climate Change Water RF (2012)

Sustainable Water Infrastructure for Cost-Effective Responses to Climate Change

Water RF (2012)

Guidance Document on Carbon Trading for the Water Utility Sector WERF (2010)

Characterize Climate Change Impacts to the Wastewater Utility Industry WERF

Demonstration of Net Sequestration of Carbon in Biosolids as Compost or Land UKWIRApplication

Impacts of Underground Carbon Geologic Sequestration on the Quality of Groundwater (SotS report available)

Water RF (2012)

Nitrous Oxide Production in Wastewater Treatment Plants Stowa (2010)

Wastewater Industry GHG Emissions Inventory and Verification Handbook WERF

Developing Climate Change Resources for Water Quality: Clearinghouse W b it

Water RF (2011)Website

W t & EWater & EnergyO ll l / bi i• Overall goal /ambition: An energy neutral urban water cycle by 2030!

• Supported by GWRC members with concepts, tools, technologies ….

Via a 3 - phase approach:

1. Implement the State of the Science: the low hanging fruit

2. Optimisation/innovation of present2. Optimisation/innovation of present systems: 20 % reduction

3. Paradigm shift: 80% reduction

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W & E jWater & Energy projectsProject Lead agent

Energy Efficiency in the Water Industry: A Compendium of Tools, Best Practices, and Case Studies

UKWIR (2010)

Wastewater Treatment Technology Roadmap in an energy and C-Constrained World (links to NL RWZI 2030 => WEN factory)

PU B – Singapore (2010)

Green Energy Life Cycle Assessment Tool (GELCAT) WERF (2010)

International Toolbox for Water Utility Process Performance Evaluation to Optimize Energy Management and GHG Emissions

Water RF (2011)

Energy Management (Phase 1) - Guidebook for Wastewater WERF/SAICgy g ( )OperationsEnergy Management (Phase 2) - Demonstration of Application of Guidebook to Manage Energy Consumption

PUB & WERF

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Assessment EAWAG, Stowa, WERF

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Energy Efficiency in the Water Industry: A Compendium of Best Practices and Case

Studies

To identify opportunities to help deliver:

Incremental improvements in energy efficiency through optimisation of existing assets and operations.

More substantial improvements in energy efficiency from the adoption of novel (but proven at full scale) technologies.

(Technologies that have been tested only at laboratory or pilot scale are excluded from the study)

A comprehensive report on Best Practice, which includes as its main strength a selection of Case Studies.

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Compendium Case Studies

Region NumberRegion Number received

Africa 3Africa 3

Australasia 27

Europe (excluding UK) 25

UK 45

US (wastewater) 12

US (drinking water 14US (drinking water 14

Total 126

Clean Water Waste Water Water Cycle Energy Saving Matrix Raw Water Treatment Distribution Sewerage Treatment Disposal

Energy Estimate (% of whole) 25 10 65 25 60 15 C ti (W t & BW1 AW1 AWU2 BW1 SESW1 MC1 Conservation (Water & Energy)

BW1, AW1, AWU2, CRWD1, CWW1

BW1, SESW1, MC1, AW1, AWU2, CRWD1,

CWW1 Leakage Reduction SESW2, EM1 SESW2, EM1 SESW2, EM1, SW5

Dem

and

Mana

gem

ent

Infiltration/Inflow Reduction HW2, HW3 HW2, HW3 HW2, HW3 Optimise Gravity Flow KWR1 Optimise Gravity Flow KWR1 Pumping and pumps UU3, ScW5, SSW2,

AW1, TVW1, TVW2 SEW1, SWW3, NM1, HW1, SAW1, MW1

AWU1

SSW1, TVW3, TVW4, UU1, AW2, ScW6,

KWR2, PUB1, SAW1, WC1, WC2

MCW1, QWD1

ScW2, UU4, UU5

SAW1

AW6, SAW1,MW2

Pum

ping

Catchment Transfer KWR1

Clarification / Primary YW4, ScW4 ST4, ESP1 Aeration

AW4, AW5, AW7, DCWW1, ScW3,

SnW1, WW1, YW3, YW5, UU6, UU7, ST6,

ST7, BW1, SW1 nt

Mixing / Coagulation KWR3, PC1 Nutrient Removal

WW3, NW2, PUB2

ST1, ST3, VE2 RAS Pumping NW1, Membrane Treatment ST2, PUB3 Disinfection / UV

Trea

tmen

Disinfection / UV KWR4 WW2 Ozonation KWR5 Thickening / Dewatering ST8, ST9 Digestion / Co-digestion YW2, ST5, VE4,

EAW3, PUB4, PUB6 BCC1, SEW2 Sl

udge

,

CM1 S

Sludge Drying PUB5, SE1 Building Services AW3, SW2 SW2

Mini Hydro-Turbines ScW1, SWW2

VE1, MW3, SAW2, SEW1 YW1, CSD1 VE3

Wind Turbines Wind Turbines CWD1 ACUA1 Solar Power NJAW1 IEUA2

Gene

ratio

n

Biogas / CHP

UU2, SWW1, SE2, EAW1, EAW2, MW4, SAW3, SW3, SW4,

CWW2, IEUA1, CB1, CC1 KC1 LAC1

Case Study Exampley pTaunton WwTW Activated Sludge Plant, Wessex Water, UK

Ref Enquiry Item Response information, description and remarks

1 Location: Country, urban or rural: UK, rural

2 Sector: clean, waste or sludge: Waste Water

3 Works Owner or Operator: with financial set-up, regulatory or not.

Wessex Water; EA regulated

4 Size: flows and loads or population equivalent:

7131kg/d BOD and 20,727m3/dequivalent:

5 Energy Provider: with costs, incentives, taxes and conditions:

WPD, triad applicable

6 Process: physical, chemical, or Biological, secondary aeration treatmentbiological description:

7 Component: all or part of the works:

Consists of 3-lane ASP

8 Specific energy problem: Focus on optimising process leading to less aeration8 Specific energy problem: Focus on optimising process leading to less aeration

9 Process/Plant changes: mechanical, electrical or controls:

Installation of ammonium control which regulates DO input according to ammonium measured in last pocket of each lane

28 April 2009

SIWW

10 Civil/Physical Changes: to water / effluent quality, civil works, or process:

Ensure equal flow split to each lane by re-calibrating penstocks

Case Study Example – continuedy p

11 Operational Changes: skill levels, procedures and maintenance routines:

None particular but probes require maintenance

12 Risks and Dependencies: risk assessment of project and changes.

-

13 Implementation: design build Materials cost £25k and £5k to install13 Implementation: design, build, procurement, installation and commissioning:

Materials cost £25k and £5k to install

14 Energy Efficiency gains: kWh & kWh/m3

~ 480,000kWh PAkWh/m3

15 Cost / Benefit analysis: financial appraisal or payback time.

-

16 Project review: could it be improved Level of saving dependent on attitude to compliance riskor developed?

17 Confidence grade: on data provided. Highly transportable and adaptable.

Observations:Wessex Water have not included a cost / benefit analysis but if electricity costs £0.07/kWh, the payback period is less than one year. The motivation appears to have been energy cost saving, so it

f lwas successful.

European case studies

By:

Stowa and KWR &Stowa and KWR & Suez, Veolia, Eawag, TZW

In:

Belgium Denmark FranceBelgium, Denmark, France,Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, NorwayySpain, Switzerland

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Energy efficiency savingsEnergy efficiency savings- Drinking water

K1 Reduced energy use for UV-treatment due to enhanced coagulation

7.7 million kWh/y (35%)

K2 Hydraulic connection of water pumping stations 700,000 kWh/y (5%)

K3 Variable frequency drivers at a water collection ll

100,000 kWh/y (15-20%)well

K4 Retrofitting the water treatment into ozonisation combined with two-stage GAC filtration

3 million kWh/y

K5 Energy saving from a coagulation optimisation procedure

60,000 kWh/y (5-10%)

T1 Pigging the head loss of raw water pipe 3 bar lower head loss

T2 Variable frequency drivers at distribution pumps 15% lower energyconsumption

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consumption

Case study Belgium GrobbendonkCase study Belgium, Grobbendonk Pidpa

• Variable frequency drivers at a water collection well– 100,000 kWh/yy– 15-20%

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Case study Germany NindorfCase study Germany, NindorfWater utility Süderdithmarschen

• New drinking water pumps and operational control– The specific energy consumption was 15,7 % lower

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Energy efficiency savingsEnergy efficiency savings- Wastewater

S2 Optimisation of MBR operation 0.1-0.3 kWh/m3

S3 Increase of sludge production with AB-process 20% lower energy demand and 20% more bibiogas

S4 Advanced primary settling 200,000 kWh/y

S6 Sludge age depending on temperature 10-15%

S7 Energy efficient plate aerators 25%S7 Energy efficient plate aerators 25%

V3 Energy optimisation with advanced online process control

1.3 million kWh/y (16%)

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process control

Case study Denmark AvoreCase study Denmark, AvoreAWS

• Energy optimization with advanced online process control– 1 3 million kWh/y (16%)1.3 million kWh/y (16%)– specific from 0,32 kWh/m3 to 0,28 kWh/m3

Power (GWh), Incineration & DewateringPower (GWh), Incineration & DewateringPower (GWh), Incineration & DewateringPower (GWh), Biological WWTP steps

10

12GWh

-6%

Power (GWh), Biological WWTP stepsPower (GWh), Biological WWTP steps

10

12GWh

-6%10

12GWh

-6%

6

8

-16%6

8

-16%6

8

-16%

2

4

2

4

2

4

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02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Case study Netherlands SliedrechtCase study Netherlands, SliedrechtWaterboard Hollandse Delta

• Energy efficient plate aerators– Plate aerators have a higher efficiency compared with g y p

conventional fine bubble aeration, resulting in a 25% decrease of energy demand

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Energy efficiency savingsEnergy efficiency savings- Sludge

S1 Sharon/Anammox in N-rich sludge water from dewatered digested sludge

additional 500 kg/d N-removal at equal energy g g q gyuse

S8 Belt thickening instead of decanters 230,000 kWh/y (60%)

S9 Energy production out of RPM reduction 25,000-45,000 kWh/y

SE1 Energy savings using sludge combustion from 1000-2000 to 200-gy g g gexhaust gases for thermal drying 250 kWh/ton ds (90%)

SE2 Energy and economic savings using biogas for electricity and heat generation

19.2 million kWh/y (25%)electricity and heat generation

E1 Biogas production from sludge digestion 3.3 million kWh/y generated (80% of electricity need)

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electricity need)

Case study Netherlands HapertCase study Netherlands, HapertWaterboard De Dommel

• Belt thickening instead of decanters– Belt thickeners have a higher energy efficiency than

decanters resulting in 230 000 kWh/y energy savingsdecanters, resulting in 230,000 kWh/y energy savings.

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Energy efficiency savingsEnergy efficiency savings- Generation

S5 Co-digestion external organic wastes 60 million m3/y biogas generatedgenerated

V1 Micro-turbines on WWTP effluent 6 million kWh/y generated

V2 Micro-turbines on DWTP 4.5 million kWh/y generated

V4 Energy recovery from sludge and waste (co- 10 million kWh/yV4 Energy recovery from sludge and waste (codigestion)

10 million kWh/y

E2 Green gas delivery to the grid 25% of biogas converted to biomethaneto biomethane

E3 Optimised use of sewage gas with microgasturbines

depends

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Case study FranceCase study France SIEVI & Veolia

• Micro-turbines on DWTP– Installation of 4 micro-turbines on drinking water supply

network:network: – 4.5 million kWh/y generated

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Case study Hungary BudapestCase study Hungary, BudapestBudapest Sewage Works

• Energy recovery from sludge and waste (co-digestion)– 10 million kWh/y10 million kWh/y

Filter beltReceived waste

polymer

Filter beltReceived waste

polymerpolymer

ThickenerFilter belt

thickenerThermophilic digester

55°C reject water reject water

raw sludge

excess sludge ThickenerFilter belt

thickenerThermophilic digester

55°C

55°C reject water reject waterreject water reject water

raw sludge

excess sludge

raw sludge

excess sludge

GasholderFlare

GasholderFlare

Dewatering centrifuge

37 °C

Boilers

Cogenerations

Heat

Heat+

Dewatering centrifuge

37 °C37 °C

Boilers

Cogenerations

Boilers

Cogenerations

Heat

Heat+

Heat

Heat+

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C Mesophilic digester

polymerDesulph.

reject water Heat+electricity

C C Mesophilic digester

polymerpolymerDesulph.

reject waterreject water Heat+electricity

Heat+electricity

Wh h k i d !When the work is done ….!

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