GY 112L: Earth History Lab

Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2

Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA

Today’s Agenda

The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises)

1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2) Stromatolites 3) Corals 4) Bryozoans 5) Stratigraphy

Sponges

Sponge Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera

Sponges

Sponge Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent

Sponges

Sponge Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder

incurrent pore

excurrent pore

excurrent pore

Sponges

Sponge Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: spongin with spicules or calcite (calcisponges)

Sponges

Sponge Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: spongin with spicules or calcite (calcisponges) Fossil Pres.: mineral replacement or pristine

Stromatoporoids

Now known to be a type of sponge. They were important paleozoic reef builders

Stromatoporoids

Stromatoporoid Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Ordovician-Mississippian Cretaceous? Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: calcite Fossil Pres.: pristine

Stromatolites

The first “visible” fossils

Stromatolites

Stromatolite Facts:

Taxonomy: Kingdom: Cyanobacteria Range: Archean-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, colonial, photosynthesis Mineral composition: calcite Fossil Pres.: pristine

Corals

One of the most important animals as far as geology is concerned. They evolved early and showed amazing diversity

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T)

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T)

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent)

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells)

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells) Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite

Corals

Coral Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells) Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite Fossil Pres.: pristine, molds/chalky/replaced

Bryozoans (Moss Animals)

Bryozoan Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new)

Bryozoans

Bryozoan Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent

Bryozoans

Bryozoan Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial

Bryozoans

Bryozoan Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite

Bryozoans

Bryozoan Facts:

Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite Fossil Pres.: pristine

Bryozoan Forms

Digitate Lacy

Bryozoan Anatomy

The living chambers are called zooecia

The animals are called zooids

Stratigraphy and Rock Suites

Collections of rocks from a specific region that cover a specific time frame

1) Niagara Falls (limestone and dolostone)

Stratigraphy and Rock Suites Why a waterfall and not a set of rapids? Consider the stratigraphy. 1) Niagara Falls

Stratigraphy and Rock Suites

Rate of retreat

Lab Time

GY 112L: Earth History

Lab 8: Paleozoic Rocks and Fossils 2

Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick dhaywick@southalabama.edu

This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.