Gymnast Magazine - June/July 1974

June-July / 1974/ $1.00

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume XVI / Numbers 6-7 / June-July 1974

5. FROM THE PUBLISHER, Glenn Sundby 6. VIEWPOINTS, Dick Cril ey 8. WHAT'S HAPPENING

10. WHERE HAVE WE BEEN? WHERE ARE WE GOING?, Dan M illman

11. USGF ELITE CHAMPIONSHIPS, Men's Report, Dick Cril ey

18. USGF SENIOR NATIONALS, Renee Hendershott

19. USGF ELITE CHAMPIONSHIPS, Women's Report

22. AAU SENIOR NATIONALS, Jay Shaw 26 GOLDEN SANDS INTERNATIONAL, Varna

Bulgaria, Ab ie Grossfeld 28. MOSCOW & RIGA, Hal Frey 30. 38th CANADIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS,

Lewis R. Wa ller 32. INTERVIEW: Diane Dunbar, Barbara

Thatcher 32. CENTERFOLD, Diane Dunbar 34. 1974 NATIONAL MODERN RHYTHMIC

GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS, Annelis Strange Hoyman

36. CLUB CORNER 38. NEWS 'N NOTES, Renee Hendershott 40. DIET, The Gymnast-Her Weight and Her

Diet, Dale Shirley 40. FORWARD AERIAL WALKOVER, Another

Look, Peter Ri ddell 41. I CAN'T DO A SEAT DROP, Na talie Beers 42. A PARENT'S GUIDE TO GYMNASTICS,

Patri cia A. Gause 43. HELEN'S CORNER, Helen Sju rsen 44. SWING: The Essence of Gymnastics (Pari

II), A.B. Frederi ck 45. BAEK- UPRISE HANDSTAND (Rings),

William Roetzheim 46. RESEARCH: Twisting Mechanics II, H.J.

Biesterfeldt, Jr. 48. SEQUENCES BY SCHULZ, Dieter Schu lz 50. FRONT SOMIE FROM ABOVE THE

RINGS, Tom Donova n 51. NCAA '74 SEQUENCE POSTSCRIPT 52. GYMNAST MEMORBllIA, Tom Wake ling 55. PSYCHOLOGY AND THE GYMNAST,

joseph L. Massimo 56. EDITORIAL: The End of Serious

Gymnastics at The University of Massachusetts, H.J. Bi es terfeldt , Jr.

58. ASSORTED MEET RESULTS 60. LETTERS

Cover: M ikp ~erlp r . I SLJ iu nior. p laced Blh (l05.00) in USGF C ha mp io nsh ips.

Publisher: Gl e nn Sund by Associate Editors: Di ck C ril ey

Re nee He nde rsho t! Research Editor: H.J. Bi es le rfe ld t, Jr. Education Editor: A.B. Fred er ick Junior Gymnast Editor: Joe Sweeney Modern Rhythmic Gvmnastics Editor:

Annelis St ra n ge Hoyman Instructional Editors: AA : Bill Ball ester, FX : Pa ul Zie rt , PH: Ja mes Hesso n, R: Ed Isa be ll e, LH: Jim Turpin , PB: Bill RoelZ he imm HB : Bi ll Ho lmes. Layout: Te ri Joh nso n GYM AS I Ill Jg.lLi lH.' i~ p llbh~ I H.·d b y Sundbr Pu bl i<..lI iom . .. 10 Hr o.l dwdY. S,1I11.1 ,\1u ni cd, C .I . 'J04010 Sl'cu nd C I ,I~~ POS I J~"" 1)'li d ,II !>.ml ,. M o nicd. Co .. I' u blislw d m o nt hly l' Xl l'pl h i. m un lhl y IlJlll' , Jul )', Au~u ~ 1 ,lilt! ~ l· ptl·m bl'r. Prill' 50 1.00.1 ~i ng l l' lUp y. Su bSl ript iu n cu rrl 's p o n!ll' IHl', (,"MNA~T - 1'.0. 11 m: 11 0. 5,1111 .1 f\·Io n il.l , c.,. '1040b. Co p yrig hl I'J; 4 ' ,llr rig h h fl'w n 'l'fl 11 )' SU U Y " UHlICA li ONS. 41 0 IIr o,l(lw,\)' , 5,111 1,\ "",o ni l.I, L I. A I ~Ph o lm .1I1d m,lI1u~ ( riph ~u b lllill l'd IJl'(u ll1l' th l' I)f U IH~ r t )' ul GYMNA~ l unl l''>s rl' turn rl' (Jlll'SI ,md ,> ulfi l il' nl p O ) I,I!;l' ,U l' indud l' d ,

From The PUBLISHER

Gymnast Memorabilia: For all you readers who have been hound ing us for years wa nting to know what ba ck editions w e still have availabl e aro und the offi ce ... we have good news. Tom W akeling a ph ysi cal educatio n major at Los Angeles Valley College read our pitch in the last Gymnast for more he lp and dropped in to offer his services. W e put Tom to wo rk takin g an inventory of all th e back editions of Gymnast (MG, Mi le G & Gymnast) he could find in the back room. He put th em in order not ing those ava il abl e and also li sting our out o f stock issu es. From this inventory we have come up with several different packet o ffers as w ell as indiv idual listings of all back editions ava il able o r no t (see page 53 fo r li stings and p r ices). Although thi s service was especia ll y des igned to fill th e requ ests o f Schoo ls, librari es, private clubs, camps and coaches, we have mad e it ava il abl e to all our readers. Th e packets and individual editions are priced by their ava il abilit y not content (ex: th e 50 pa cket contains the Aug '67 edition wh ich has 14 pages of sequ ence ph o to ro utines of th e to p world gam es championships of ' 66 also th e '68 men's Olympic editi o n plus man y, m any more exceptional past editions) as th e 50 pa ck (a rea l memorabili a ba rga in at just $20.00, including postage) is m ade up of ed itions that we have over 500 back copi es each, the 15 pack is 250 or more and some of th e indi vidual editio ns w e may onl y have 100 editions in stock . When you cons ider we have almost 12,000 subscribers those may not las t very long. We do have a few copies of editions listed as unavailabl e, but th ey have bee n set aside for binding into complete sets in the nea r future as soon as we can acquire other missing ed itions. Our thanks to To m for all th e time and effo rt he put into ge tting our available back editions in order. W e also wa nt to w ish him good lu ck on hi s new Gymnast Memorabilia series. He wil l be brin ging to yo u in comin g editi o ns of Gymnast featured articl es, photos, interesting facts and hi ghli ghts from many of th e editions of th e past 18 years of Gymnast magazine. If yo u have a fa vorite articl e o r fact from a past edit ion you would like to share with our yo unger read ers o f tod ay, dro p Tom a lin e and bring it to his att ention.

Missing Editions: Th ere are many pas t editio ns that we only have a few copies of in our fil e and severa l we are o ut of completel y. W e have many requ ests for bound ed itions and w ould like to be abl e to bind complete sets of back editions for schoo ls and research librari es-:-:-:-Therefore it you or any of your frrer1d s have any of th e back issues li sted below in good condition we would apprec iate hearing from you . Gymnast Memorabilia w ill credit and ex tend your current subscription up to 5 addition al copies o r pay up to $3.00 cash for each back issue accepted by us.

Gymnast will ex te nd your subsc ripti o n 5 issu es (o r pay $3.00) fo r a ny o f th e follo w ing p as t issu es of GYMNAST o r MADEMOISElLE GYMNAST ... send a ll e diti o ns o r inquiri es to GYM NAST M e morabilia 410

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Ma r. #4 May & june #5 O c t. #10 Dec. #12 Se pt. & O ct. #1

Apr. #5 Jul y & Aug. #6 Vol. XV 1973 Jan. & Fe b. #3

May & Ju ne #6 Nov . #8 Vol. XI 1969 Fe b. #2 Ma r. & Ap r. #4

Nov. #8 Dec. #9 Ma r. #3 Apr '/May #4/ 5 . Ma y & june #S

Calender Notes: FI NAL WORLD GAMES TRIALS - For Women: Sept. 27, 28, 1974, Anaheim Co nve nti o n Center. For Men: Sept. 27, 28, 1974, University ofTexas, Austin, Texas ... Santa Monica Gymfest - August 31-Sept. 1,2 Santa Monica Beach park #4.

Next Edition: Will be our annu al High School Ch ampionships report of state, region , sectional and metro politan competition s. W e will al so fea ture a report on the USSR Gymnas ti c tea m ex hibiti o n at th e Spokane World 's Fair ... Plu s photo sequence and oth er in structi o nal articl es and inspirational aid s ... So ' til then enjoy the summer Gym Camp of your choi ce and HAVE A HAPPY HANDSTAND .

5

A BIT OF HISTORY REVISITED

In his study, "A Hi story of the Deve lopment of the Unted States Gymnastics Federation," (USGF Press, 1972), Dr. Ri chard E. Lap tad devotes severa l chap ters to descr ibing how and why the USGF was founded and some of th e elements involved in deve loping its gym nastics program. The USGF grew out o f the dissatisfaction of col lege gymnastic coaches ove r th e lack of com munica tions from and dominance by a tin y clique of individ uals within the AAU gymnastic comm ittee. Gymnastic coaches we re not alone, nor we re th ey th e first, to express resentment of th e authoritarian poli cies of th e AAU, and they joined with tra ck & field an d ba sketball orga ni za tions in effo rt s w hich led to th e Federa tion movement.

Dr. Lap tad's account lists fi ve ea rly USGF objectives: 1) to estab li sh a central communicat io ns link, 2) to develop and distribute new and vi tal gymnastic information, 3) to estab li sh an educa tional program through clini cs and cam ps, 4) to increase nat io nal and internation al competition , and 5) to gain the cooperat io n and confidence of all the United States organizations that were interested in gymnastics.

Th e GYMNAST has recei ved quite a few lett ers and some bitter articles this yea r exp ress ing dissatisfactio n with the USGF. Th e AA U even published a seri es of th eir cor respondence with the USGF and the May YMCA newsletter was also quite critical. The apparent " straw" wh ich broke this ca me l's hump of critic ism was th e overl apped scheduling of AAU an d YMCA cha mpionships with USGF compe tition s. This yea r was not the first such occasion fo r overlaps, and both organizations indicated that they felt it was delibera te.

Bo th organizat ions had announced th eir championsh ip dates we ll in advance, th e YMCA for Apr il1 9 and 20 and th e AAU for April 26 - 28. Both had originally " clea red " th ose dates with th e Tucso n office of th e USGF . The USGF Women's Committee apparentl y did no t get the word w hen they scheduled th eir junio r Nat ional Championships for th e sa me weekend as the YMCA meet, w hil e th e AAU Championships beca me a vict im o f USGF late scheduling o f th ei r championships and a resultant crunch on wee kends for ho lding th eir regiona l com petitions (April 26 - 27).

What I ca nnot understa nd is w hy everybody in 'thi s alphabet soup of gymnastics (NCAA, AIAW, NAIA, YMCA, USGF, AAU) has to pi ck on the spring (in a time period of about 8 weekends) for their championships (on ly th e jr. Ol ympiCS seem left over for t he summer). We ll , be that as it may, it is no secret that even within the re latively small ranks of the USGF administrators, communications don ' t get aro und as they should. Perhaps th ere are too many jobs for a small staff; perhaps too many decisions are made away from a ca lendar; perhaps too many people are making decisions; perhaps th e offi ces are too dispersed.

I had occas ion to talk w ith the USGF Executi ve Director, Frank Bare, at th e USA Championships, and he told me he was doing

6

his bes t to get things straightened out tor next yea r. He noted, however, that th e need to hold ea rl y trials for th e Pan American Gameswass till going to place great stress on the cale ndar. Tom Maloney, Chairman o f th e AAU Gymnast ics Comm itt ee, was qu ite disturbed w hen I spoke with him at th e NCAA Championships, but indi ca ted he was making some headway in hi s communication efforts. Frank Bare later confirmed thi s. As far as th e YMCA program is concerned , National YMCA Gymnastics Cha irman, Bill Buffa, is pretty " fed up" and is pl anning to ex pand th e YMCA program " w ithout regard for any future 'governing body ' co nsiderations. "

. As long as we are examin ing g ri evances, let us not overlook th e squabb le over the junior Olympics. Whi le th e AAU junio r Olympic Gymnastic program is compara ti vely young, the AAU has been carrying on the junior O lympic name and tradi ti o n for 25 yea rs. Th ere is a " grandfather c lause " in th e leg islation protect in g the USOC's use of the term Ol ympic w hich permits th e AAU to continu e to use th e junior Ol ympic name even i f th e USOC d esignates ano th er orga ni zat ion that ri ght. When th e USGF and AAU " made their peace," th ey agreed that the AAU could continue with its junior and senior programs an d co uld cond uct the off icial (USOC-approved) junior O lympic program in gymn asti cs . Tom Maloney expressed it for the AAU w hen he told me that all they want is to be abl e to ca rryon their U.S. programs w hiie ieaving the internationai scene to th e USGF. He fe lt there was need for USGF and AAU coo perat io n, but that there need not be competition between th em fo r ath letes, meet da tes, etc.

Th e USGF indica ted at its 1973 Congress inSt. Louis th at it intended to present its own junior Ol ympics in gymnast ics in 1974. Rumblin gs to that effect ratt led around Crisler Arena (s ite of th e 1973 jr. Olympics) in August, 1973.

It was still something of a bombshe ll to the gymnastic community when the USOC approved transfer of the jO 's to th e USGF and later reversed itself and added th e interpretati o n wh ich, in effect, let anyo ne who wa nted to run a jO Gymnastic progra m. Thus, gymnasts this yea r have both an AAU junior Ol ympi cs A ugust 8-1 2 and a USGF junior Ol ymp ics 23-25. Th e gir ls are lucky as their compulso ry exercises have been standardized. The boys face different compulsories although th ere are similar elements in both .

Heated argum ents arise aga in ove r sponso rship by the AAU and YMCA of interna ti ona l competitions or ex hibiti o ns. The USGF is recognized as the governin g body and has been sea ted by the FIG. However, within th e USGF Governing Council th ere does not seem to be the co mmunication th at might be expected - - although, given pas t enmiti es, thi s is not so unex pected. With on ly a change in the "v ill ain " th ere is a reviva l of the old argument aga inst th e authoritarian rule of the AAU usi ng its international recognition by th e FIG as a weapo n to play favorites or to punish athl etes. Mr. Buffa charges that th e USGF recogni zes on ly " schoo l-co llege" programs and d iscriminat es against other gym nastic programs in t e rm s of in fo rm at ion dissemi nati o n and qualifying trials fo r natio nal teams.

Strong Stuff! If yo u are a gymnast read ing thi s co lumn, yo u are probably askin g yo urself if

GYMNAST June/ July '74

the re isn ' t another, less comp lica ted sport you can get into. There might be, but I ca n 't think of any competitve sport that doesn' t have its own politi ca l problems. Look at it thi s way, if you are strong-wi ll ed enough to succeed in gymnast ics, yo u are going to be st ron g-w ill ed about the decisions yo u make or want made wh ich affec t your development as a gymn ast. As you go up th e ladder of expe ri ence th ese feelings intensify. By th e tim e yo u ge t to a leve l where your op inion counts, you think a lot of it and are upset when reversed. Sometim es it is pretty hard to step back and take a civ ili zed look at things and to admit, " I am in error."

But here is whe re th e USGF-AAU-YMCA and other gymnast ic programs still have a chance. It might be well fo r th e new associati on o f independent clubs to take a long look too, before jumping into the fray with th eir own demands. Cooperation is st ill poss ib le, and w ill probably be enforced by the Federa l Governma nt if pend ing leg islat ion passes (b ut more on that fo r ano th er co lumn ). The USGF Govern ing Cou ncil is supposed to se t the poli cies by which it s co ntracted administrato rs run thin gs. Th e USGF Governin g Council representatives have been li sted from tim e to tim e in th e USGF News, but as rep resentatives of th eir orga ni za ti o ns, on ly th ey rea ll y know how effecti ve th ey are. The USGF Congresses have very littl e impact on the Cou ncil. The Counci l's meetings are held subsequent to the Congresses, w hen o ne wo uld suppose th at Congress inputs might ha ve some effect, but th e feedback has generall y been weak .

It may be that gymnastic groups are too ca ntankerous to work togeth er smoothl y, but it would be a shame not to keep trying. As one USGFWC Regio nal Chairman puts it , "".gymnasts (peop le with feelings and desire) are what we are all in thi s business for. " Her rema rk wou ld almost deserve italici zing th e wo rd "business" beca use th e money-making implications of-th at-werd contribute migh ti ly to all of the afore-menti oned problems.

I rea ll y think that gymnastics has co me a lo ng way under the USGF. It has broadened com munica ti ons; it has deve loped new info rmati on and disseminated it; it has con tributed to the educat ion of gymnasts, coaches, and judges; it has increased U.S. visib ility in international compet iti on; and it

has enli sted all th e U.S. gymnasti c orga ni za tion s as part of its governi ng cou ncil. But there are some improvements needed.

For o ne thing, more staf f. Gymnast ics can hardl y afford not to emp loy ta len ted profess iona l ad mini stra to rs to share the work now shouldered by Frank Bare, Jackie Fi e, Frank Cumiskey, and Shirl ey Bryan.

For anot her: th e USGF Press is a ma jor source of income, but running it should no t be the job of o ur highl y pa id administrators. It isa fast way to get th e info rmati o n rep rod uced, but it ca n employ less expe nsive help and even outside enterpri ses. Withi n house, i t is necessa ry to have enough staff to handle th e orders in a business li ke way wit hout all the multiplici ty of chores which devolve upo n th eir faithful few wo rkers each day. The info rmati on is coming in - - it must be gotten ou t qu ick ly, accurately, and smoothly.

Each yea r sees a broadening of the U.S. image in gym nast ics. Th e increased number of tours, th e increased opportu niti es for trave l abroad, th e increased revenu es possib le from thi s ex posure - - what specifi c policies are invo lved here? If the program isn 't to grow too unwieldy, somebody had better assess w hat the goa ls are, w hat the limits are, and how these se rve th e en tire gy mnasti c comm unity. As Dr . Laptad relates, instead of " power grabb ing" as charged by the AAU, every new serv ice of the USGF has been "work grabbing" as it entai led more work for th e USGF off ice.

It seems to me that the USGF Govern ing Counci l and it s off icers have a rea l job to perform. Th e gym nas ti cs commu nit y shou ld see to it that their representatives perform th eir jobs and accou nt fo r th e res ults and not just delegate th e responsibility. They must make sure that membershi p in th e USG F is not a was te of time and money. They must stand back from their d isagreements and say, " Loo k it is time for a fresh start. Let 's re-eval uate our servic@s and our goa ls and emp loy some-new approaches to these matters of sched ul ing, grassroots deve lopment, financ ing, internal structure, an d intern ational tours. We ca n be bu si ness-lik e and still promote gym nast ics for the gymnast." Perhaps th en, real mean ing w ill pervade th e USGF motto, " Gymnasti cs for A LL through th e USGF ."

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WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 64 Highland St., Natick, Mass. 01760

7

"THE GREATEST KIDS IN THE WORLD: A TRIP TO THE SPECIAL OLYMPICS"

by Vicki Pasek

This yea r, under the direction fo Rochell Swanso n, the State Special Olympi cs had gymnasti c apparatus compet ition, where retard ed youngsters o f all ages and ab iliti es competed .

Th e elimination rounds were held Saturd ay, june 29 in the men's gym at UCLA, with thirtytwo hopeful competi ng. Events included; Tumblin g, Free X, Bea m and Boy's All-Around. The events bega n at 9:00 sharp, wit h each gymnast attacking their routin e with gusto. After th e finali sts were announced, a clin ic was held for all events, wit h anyone interested in competin g nex t year encouraged to participate.

Sunda y were th e finals, with gold, si lver, and bron ze medals being awa rd ed . All routin es had great elemen ts and showed mu ch poli sh. All in all , it was a great two days for eve ryo ne. Nex t year, hopes are for adding such events as bars, vau lting, and rin gs . From what I saw and experi enced, there 's no doubt that next year will be fantas ti c!

Winn ers in the girl s events were: Girl's Tumbling: Patt y Colombos; Janice Wa lker; Va lerie Moss; A lice Howard. Balance Beam: Suzanne Fo lette; Alice Horde; Ve lia Vega. Free Exercise.

Winners in the boys were: Boy's Tumbling: Dann y Hoard ; Marc Garett. Free Exercise: Dan Hawe; Kev in Walis ; Keith Hamilton; Dan Sigf reid ; Dan Ho rde; MarcGarett. All-Around: Danny Hoard - Los Angeles.

CONGRATULATIONS James A. Rozanas!!! The Ch icago Park District honored j ames A.

Rozanas as " Senior Citizen of th e Year" 1974. O ver 1,000 Senior Citi zens attended the

" Senior Citizen of the Year" Award Luncheon in the Grand Ballroom of the Conrad Hil ton on Friday jun e 7th, 1974, w here james was presented w ith th e Comm issione rs Award by Mr. Patrick L. O 'Malley - Pres ident, Board of Commissioners, Chicago Park District.

james A. Rozanas name appeared in lights on the Magikist Boards at 87th and Dan Rya n and Eisenhower, Cicero and Congress Expressway from May 31st to june 2nd. And also appeared on th e Outer Drive Boards from june 3rd thru june 9th .

Elite National Open Age Group Tumbling Championship - Huge Success

On Saturday, Apri l 27, 1974, th e 1st Elite Nation al· Open A ge Group Tumblin g Champio nship was held at Homewood-

8

Flossmoor, Illino is. rhi s was the largest tumbling meet ever to have been held in th e Un ited States. Five hundred fift y co ntestants entered th e mee t and four hundred fift y-four . co ntestant s competed. Th e entrants ca me from twelve states - Ca li fornia , Texas, Wyoming, Co lorado, Penn sy lvania , Illinois, Indian a, Iowa, Ohio, Missouri, Ok lahoma, and Wa shington.

This was th e first meet to ha ve four 60 foot mats go ing si multaneously. There were 12 Illino is High Schoo l gymnastic coaches judging w ith joe Giallombardo from New Trier West High School in Northfi eld , Illino is act ing as head judge.

Forty- five trophies were presented, along w ith ove r 100 m edal s to competitors in six age groups: 8 yea rs and und er, 9 and 10, 11 and 12, 13 and 14, 15 and 16, and 17 and over. Si x team tro phi es we re also presented as foll ows :

Team Results: Rozanas Studio, Chi cago, Illino is 37; Gymnastics Un limited , Addison, Illinois 27; Trampoline Town, Rock ford, Illinois 24; Midwest Gymnastics, Morton, Ill ino is 21 ; Betty Ryer Studio, Denver, Co lorado 13; Ka-Lach Studio, Casper, W yoming 13; Addi son Tumbling, Addison, Illino is 11 .

Th e top male competitor was Curt Austin from Elmhurst , Illino is w ith a sco re of 9.16. He was in th e Boys 17 and over.

Th e top female competitor was Nancy Quattrock i from Ro za nas Schoo l with a score o f 8.8 . She was in th e Gir ls 13-14 class.

Th e meet was sa nctioned under th e Midwest Gymnasti c Assoc iat ion and direc ted by james Roza nas and committee.

LARRY MOYER RECIEVES AWARD

Larry Moyer, meet director of the 1974AAU junior Nat ionals, held at Kutztown State Co ll ege, was honored for hi s ou tstanding se rvice to th e sport o f gymnast ics.

COLLECTION OF EXPERTS FOR NEW YORK CLINIC

b y Pat Warren f O I th e fourth tim e in it s hi sto !·y,

Queensborough Comm unit y Co ll ege of Bayside ew York held dn <l 11I1Udl gymnastics cl ini c for men and boy, . Each yedr the clini c is held to help promote th e sport o f gymnasti cs in th e gredt cr m etropo litdn ared . rh e clini c Wd S held on Mdrch 3"1 dnd for one entire dd y p rovided 250 yo ung gymndsts ,lnd cOd ches alike w ith ,111 oppu rtunit y to co nsult exper t> in thi '> fi e ld . I he teaching , taff incl ud ed Mdkd tu ~aka mutu - u utstamli llg gymndst U.S. Olympic

NG

Rozanas Studio School, Chicago, III . . Team winners at 1974 1st Elite National Open Age Group

Tumblrng Championships.


team, I)on Tonry - Ol ympi.Jll , .Jut hor .J 11 U gymn d ~ ti{ ~ coach dt Y,li e U lli ve r~ it y , Johll PdlllO tt - mc muer of the Uriti ~ h Ol yillpic ted III a Ill] repre~e ntdti vc for th e i~~e ll tquipille llt CompdllY, Uon Weider - four tim e " High ~(hool Gym ll d~tic ~ COdch of th e YeM .... td~ t

I:l run~w i{ k H igh )choo l ew J er~ey , Jim Culhd llC - 'I%U dlld ' 1 ~7 2 Ol ympic l ed m member ,1Ild lo rill er d" i ~ tdllt cOdch, We~ t Point , I)o ug A lt - Uirector 01 A lt '~ Gy nlll.J s ti c~

~(hoo l dlld lormel Spr ill gf ield Coll ege gy mll d ~ t , dlld Ud ve Jd COU~ - COdch , 1-r,lll k lill K. Ldll e High )( hoo l dlld Ildtio ll,1I gylll lhi s ti c~ of ti eidl. Clini{ Uircctor, Uridll UOLiLk reel ~ thd t th el c i ~ d need to col lect ~ u ch ex pert ~ togethe r and ex po~e thei r t,liCll b to d ~p irill g gymlld ~ b. '10 ,li d in thi ~ COIlL{'p t, ,> ix gY lllll.J '> ti c,> te,lchill g s t Jtioll ~ wcrc '>{' t-up ill '>epdl'dte gyill '> dnd we re equ ipped w ith Ol ympic '>t,lllddl'd equipment. As wc ll d'> co nvc llIi oll,1I cld '>'> -type progrdms there were Iree wo rk-out period ,> i ll which th e clini { P,II ti{ ipdll b could '>eek did in ,>o lving dll y problem '> th,1I theynldY hd VC f.Jced durillg th e Sed ~O ll.

jim Culhane assists gymnast at New York clinic.

I he {I illi { W.J ,> .J to t,1I '> ucce'>'> dlld COdch UOLi{ k le lt Ih,1I it W.J,> .J ",>,lIe, com tru ct ive .J1ll1 me,lIli llglul edu( dt ioll ,1I experie ll ce lor ,II I tho,>e who .Jtt{' llded "

NCAA AWARDS 32 POSTGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS

Thirty- two student-athl etes rep resenting 10 different sports ha ve been awarded Postgraduate Schola rships of $1,000 each by th e Nationa l Co ll eg iate Ath leti c Associati o n.

Each academic yea r, th e NCAA awa rd s 80 Postgrad uate Scho larships w ith 33 ea rmarked fo r footba ll playe rs, 15 for basketball playe rs and 32 to vars ity performers in other sports.

To be eli gib le for an NCAA Postgraduate Scholarship, each student-athl ete must have an accumu lat ive grade point average o f at least 3.0 on a 4.0 sca le fo r three yea rs of co ll ege studies and must have exce ll ed o n th e p laying fi eld as we ll.

The 32 w inners are divided into four gro ups rep resenting the three NCAA competiti ve di visions and an at-large ca tego ry.

GYMNAST June/July '7<1

Th e Gymnasti c winn ers are, in Division II : Roger A ll en Wojtkiewicz, Un ivers it y of Illino is, Chicago Circle. And in th e at-large division: Michael So lomon Pancoe from Dartm outh Co ll ege and Richard Lee Danley of Indiana State University.

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTIC COACHES ASSOCIATION

SPRING REPORT 1974

Th e Nat iona l High School Gymnastic Coaches Associat ion has just compl eted another fine yea r. Included has been th e honori ng of A ll-Ameri can High School Gymnasts, representation and vo ice in the U.S.G. F. cou ncil , Na lional Federation Rul es Committ ee represe ntati on, among many o lh er fine contributi ons to the sport of gymnaslics.

Future goals for the N.H.S.G.C.A. include: 1. High School A ll-Amer ica n award to those

gymnasts meeting th e qualif icat ions. 2. Publishing of a bi-monthl y newsle tter containi ng

concerns of hig h school coac hes, results, coachi ng techniques, rules, etc. Contr ibu ti ons are encouraged to make a great newsletter.

3. Sponsor ing of a high sc hool coaches cli nic at the 1975 N.C.A.A. Championsh ips.

4. Continued representation to the U.S.G.F. and Nati onal Federat ion Rules Committee.

5. Publi shing o f a li st of the Colleges and Universiti es hav ing gy mnas ti c programs. Including type of program and aid ava ilab le.

6. Publi shin g a complete membership li st, encourag ing the open lett er co ncept of communica ti on.

7. Publishing of an A nnual Yearbook. These preceding goals and benefits wi ll be ava ilab le

for 1974-75 members o f the .H.S.G.C.A. Other gp-'!ls to be studied include:

1. The honoring of Hi gh School Coaches-of-theYear.

2. Compilation of a High School Yearbook. 3. SoliCit ing and publi shing of research concerning

high school gymnasti cs for the newsletter and GYMNAST.

Remember: The Na ti onal High School Gymnastic Coaches Associati on ca n bes t fun cti on by se rving its membersh ip. MEMBERSHIP IN THE NATIO NAL HI GH SCHOOL GYMNASTIC COACHES ASSOC IA TIO FOR 1974-75 JOI N NOW!!!!!

You ca n become a member of the ati ona l Hi gh School Gymnasti c Coaches Assoc iat ion in two ways.

1, Reg ular membership ca n be ob tained by subm itti ng your $5.00 ann ual dues to the .H,S.G.C.A.

2. Aff iliation Membership ca n be obta in ed through your loca l State Gymnastic Coaches Associati on. The State Gymnasti c Coaches Associat ion can provide its members with membership in the N.H.S.G,C.A. for $2.50 per member (minimum of ten members). App li ca ti on musl be submitt ed through the State Associat ion to the Nat ional Associa ti on. SEN D YOUR MEMBERSHIP FOR THE 1974-75 YEAR IMMEDIA TEL Y TO:

Dennis Fit zgerald 23073 Purdue

Farmington, Michigan 48024 The 1974-75 membe rship offers you more in the

new year by lengthening it s service Iii August 31, 1975.

.H.S.G.C.A. MEMBERSH IP NAME ______________________________ _ AD DR ESS __________________________ _ CITY, STATE __________________________ _ PHONE ____________________________ __ SCHOOL __________________________ __

COAC HI NG ASS IGNMENT ________________ _

Paul Tickenoff, now with Athletes in Action, wins all around at the 1974 Pasadena National Invitational

MEN UNITED TO COACH FEMALE GYMNASTS

Men United to Coach Female Gymnasts is the name of a new orga niza ti on I would like to see for men. Too often I go to a mee t and see men frowned upo n. Or read in Gymnast that they have grips. Well men now a chance to unite and work it out. Wi thout you gymnasti cs wou ld be awfu ll y du ll , w ithou t th e do uble fu ll s, back flips and all the gut moves yo u dream up. I'm sure Olga agrees, her coach being MALE, Your tops. So why must you si t on the sidelines when your girl s are out th ere. We ll don 't sit , stand up for you r ri gh ts. One thing I wou ld lik e to accomplish with thi s organi za tion is to have CO-ED Clinics. For Coaches onl y!!!

Th e men would teach the women spotting techni ques and expla in about trick s. And in exchange the women ca n show how to put together rout in es. Where to put the flashy tri cks in rout ines.

And I'd li ke to see the nat ion fo rm a unifi ed force, working together to achieve a num ber 1 team. The elite of the world . Lets fa ce facts if your ch ild make the Olympic Team shewi ll be just as much a part as any o ther. So we should work so everyone has an equal chance. But I alone ca nnot achi eve thi s. So I ask your help, ideas. Please help - becau se we have noth ing to lose and a gold medal to ga in. .....••................... _---........ . I am interested in jo ining. Name:: ____________________________ __

Add ress: __ -:----: __ :-:-________________ _ Club Associated with :: ________________ -,--

I feel I could be the most service to th is o rganiza ti on in thi s or these area s:

I am wi lli ng to help with cl ini cs I am wi lling to help w ith newslette, I am wi ll ing to help publicize thi s o rgani zation

Thank you!

Write to : M~N UNITED TO COACH FEMALE GYMNASTS Carol Pietruszewski c/o Woodward Gym Camp Box 93 Woodward, Pennsylvania

9

WltERE ItAVE WE

WE GOiNG? bEEN1 ••• WltERE ARE

by Dan Millman

Having ju st return ed from the 1974 NCA A Men 's Gymnasti cs Champion ships at Penn State, th e gymnast 's Camelot, I find myse lf driftin g on a cloud of awe and admiration. And from thi s lofty va ntage point , it becom es easier to v iew th e Championships in a different perspecti ve.

It wasn' t just a meet - it was a communion - a w ee k -e nd lo ve af f air be twee n a knowl edgea bl e audience and some o f the most skill ed gymn asts I 've ever seen.

It was Gene W ettstone 's usual Herculean organizational e ffort. His th eme, " The O ld Meets the New " led me to see thi s championships as a singl e frame in a mov ing pi cture of gymnastics evo lving through hi sto ry. A glance at the program reintroduced us to some of the champions from yes teryea r - and a glan ce at the p erformers aptl y demonstrated how far w e've corn e.

Our gymnas ts showed strong foundati o ns built on correct fundamental s, for th e most part. Th e co mpulsory ex ercises are fin all y deve lo ping in a superb fashion . In th e optional routin es th e difficulty seems to be approaching at leas t, th e top of a paraboli c curve, and unless th e apparatus changes - (eg. building springs on th e parall el bars, replacing the high bar w ith a two-bar exe rcise) - I imagine within the nex t eight years we'll begin to see a levelling o ff in many areas .

For awhil e, diffi culty ma y increase . M o re doub le b acks and maybe trip le full s in FX .. . higher tumblin g. More gymn as ts doing th ose " impossible" combinations on PH. Virtu ally everyo ne do ing entire ring routin es straight arm, w ith some full tw istin g doubles and mo re piked do ubles. And so on.

But eventually, we ha ve to taper. The human body wil l stand only so much stress before giving in to chronic injuries. We 're beg inning to see th e result s of phYSical stress imposed upon muscl e, ti ssue and bon e in our gymn as ts today. Look aro und at th e bes t men and women gymnasts - how many are free fro m chronic injuri es w hich come and go? We ma y answer, " Su re, that's part of th e wo rk - injuri es and strains are just part of it. " M aybe. But th e basic question remains wh eth er in the long run it 's good fo r us to continue in th e direc tio n o f more and more diffi culty at th e expense o f long range functioning of the human bod y. In any case, most o f us will agree th at difficulty is go i ng to taper - we' re approaching the limits.

So we've seen the movie so far - from those days wh en a bent arm handspring on th e fl oor to a squat was hot stuff to pike double backs (and more) on th e ground. W e've seen films of mechani ca l, stiff, tea m parall el bar exh ibitions evo lve int o fl owing, floating routin es th at look like they belong on th e moon.

Not o nl y has th e stru cture, o rgani za ti on, content of gymnasti cs changed, but th e phil osophy too. A t one tim e a gymn as t was a body builder, learning coordinati o n, upper body strength and mas tery o f o ne's body in a di sc iplined, o rga ni zed fas hion. Now we p resent gymnas ti cs as half competit ive fo rm and half as an aesth eti c performance art.

10

0'-' A nyon e who viewed Ro n Reznick 's tloor exe rcise routilie at thi s yea rs championships saw .I prev iew o f co rning .Ittrac ti ons.

:'0 w here are we goin g? Wh en we in a se nse " run out" o f new uiffi cult y - wh en all our best gymnasts have superb basics and proper mechanics - where do w e go? One direction is in th e imaginati ve area - routine composition .Inu uram.lti c fl air. One uay it won 't be enough to be mech anical. Facial ex press ion, as in the th ea tre, w ill creat e a moou and project an image. I uon't simpl y me.ln pld stereu on smiles we see in w omen 's gy mnasti cs - I mean real drama - an .Iggre" ive knittin g of brows, a w idening o f the eye" a flow ing of so ft slow movement into quick st.l CC,ltO rh ythms. Perh aps we' ll auu musica l u.l ckground, either reco ru ed or live mu , ic. (A, w hen Steve Hug 's musica ll y talent eu bro th er, Jo hn, pla yed a mov ing guitar pi ece o f hi s own composition as backg ro unu fo r Steve's fl oor exercise routine during aU,S, - Chinese ex hibition in Los Angel es,)

One thin g is for , ure - .IS our culture and hi story changes as a p eop le Jnu as a country, gymnasti cs w ill ch'lIl ge. Wh eth er coaches, aumini strato r, <Inu leg i, lat o rs are fl ex ible anu insightful enough to leau such changes or w heth er th ey w ill beg ruu gingly fo llow hi story's manifes to i, ye t to be ,een.

Gymnasti cs still has room fo r th e authoritarian a, well as th e arti st, th e slaved riving coac h as we ll as th e less ego-invo lved teacher. Th ere 's , till room fo r the compulsive, unhappy, mechanica l gymnas t, muscling throu gh life, as well as th e happy-go-luck y arti st who just lik e, to fl ow and f li p - anu there 's room for eve ryone in betwee n, And that 's beautiful , since th e re must be room for eve ryone in a mutuall y to lerant dtmosphere.

But I do see ,orn e poss ible uirection s, based upon w here we've been. When gymn as ti cs was still relati ve ly youn g, it coulu have evolved in three primary directi ons, I ca ll th em Circus, A rti sti c and M echani ca l.

If gymn as ti cs hau evo lved into Circus acrobati cs, we might no t see as ti ght form, but we would be including events like uo ubl e high bar, (fl yin g from one to ano th er), swinging rings, trampo li ne (insteau of va ulting) and mini-tramp. The ru les might be looser, and compet ition less se riou s. Maybe we'd have clown compet iti on too,

diffi cult y basE'u upon perfectl y controll ed ph ys ical ,y, tem, . Women march like mechanica l toys, lookin g dS inhuman dS poss ibl e, stiff anu perfect. We stud y bi omechani cs to be more eff icient th an th e Ru ss ians (if th at 's p ossible!) and stud y ho w to more rapidly program our youth into FI G

I f th e Arti sti c elements had predominated , w e might have mo re pai sley colored unifo rms, more individually tailoreu, w ith music and li ght s and multa m euia presentations, perh aps with a sto ry interwoven into the movement. W e' d see far more dance-like elements, afld more emphasis on quality and flow than on qu antit y (such as " big tri cks") .

But instead , w e we nt in th e uirec tion of M echani cs. And we .see teams of yo ung men and women attempting to close ly approxim ate perfect littl e robots, uo ing mind-bending models of th e American dream, And it 's working too.

But all in allth e sys tem 's beautiful. No matte r how cy ni ca l o r satirical my view seems, th e M echani ca l style we 're ueveloping is o nly a step in th e evo lutiona ry process. We have some choice w here it goes from here.

We can continue purely w ith mechani cs fo r awhi le, since th ey ce rtainl y are important, but eventuall y we' ll ha ve worked it through, and th en perhaps to changes in apparatus, like th e double high bar - or to team cooperation in a single ro utine, such as two p eopl e wo rkin g floor exe rcise in a pattern , or. o ne person tossing ano th er through th e air as in adagio, W e ma y eventually combine men's and wom elT's gymnasti cs, It could happen soon in floch exe rcise and vaU lting.

Or how about a floor exerci se routin e wh ere one person does the tumbling, another teammate does the press or ba lance and so on . Th e poss ibiliti es are onl y as limited as o ur imaginati on,

Th e pas t has been eXciting, and on th e sho ulders o f those pionee rs w e've developed a truly awesome present, pointing th e way to an even bri ghter future,

So w e' re certainly hea ded somewhere with grea t energy. But th e path may well fo rk and wind, so let's no t b e committed to th e straight and narrow. As fo r me, I remember somethin g by Robert Fros t - " Two paths uiverged in a wood. I took th e less travel led, and th at has made all th e d if ference."


{

USGF MEN'S CHAMPIONSHIPS

All Aro und c 0 total

1. John Crosby 52.35 55.25 107.60 2. Jay W he lan 53.50 53.95 107.45 3. To rn Weeden 52.60 54.45 107.05 4. Marsha ll Ave ne r 52.35 54.40 106.75 5. Gene Whe la n 52.15 54.05 106.20 6. Jirn Ivicek 51.35 54.55 105.90 7. Jirn Stephenson 51.55 53.90 105.45 8. Mike Carter 51.85 53.50 105.35 9. Bre nt Sirnrnons 51.45 53.55 105.00

10. Doug Fitzjarre ll 51.35 52.95 104.30 11. Steve Posn e r 52.10 51.95 104.05 12. Dusty Ritter 51.70 52.30 104.00 13. Mark Graharn 50.30 53.50 103.80 14. Bob Roth 50.50 53.00 103.50 15. Torn Beach 49.65 53.20 102.85

All USGF Elite Championship photos by Dick Criley and Gle nn Sundby.

Floor Exercise PO'1lmel Ho rse Rings 1. John Crosb y 19.025 1. Ma rshall Avener 17.675 1. Torn Weeden 18.500 2. Doug Fitzjarrell 18.700 2. Mike Carte r 16.850 2. Jim Ivicek 18.350 3. Steve Posner 18.200 3. John Crosby 16.125 3. Bren t Simmons 18.200 4. Jim Stephenson 17.825 4. Tom Weeden 15.975 4. Marshall Ave ner 17.800 5. Mark Graham 17.775 4. Jay Whelan 15.975 5. Bob And e rson 17.150 6. Tom Weede n 17.175 6. Bob Roth 15.550 6. Jay Whe lan 16.750

Vaulting Parallel Bars Horizontal Bars 1. John Crosb y 18.525 1. Jim Ivicek 18.700 1. Bre nt Simmons 18.525 2. Jim Stephenson 18.075 2. Brent Simmons 18.425 2. Tom Beach 18.400 3. Mark Graham 17.775 3. Ge ne Whelan 18.275 3. Ted Ma rti 18.350 4. Jay Wh e lan 17.650 4. Doug Fit zjarre l 18.175 4. Gene Whelan 18.200 5. Tom Weeden 17.625 5. Mike Carter 17.850 5. Jim Ivicek 17.900 6. Mel Hill 17.425 6. Jay Whelan 17.600 6. Jim Kruest 17.500

12 GYMNAST June/ July '74

Twins Jay (So. Conn.) and Gene (U. Mass.) Whelan both placed in the top six at the 1974 USGF Elite Championships.

1974 USGF National Championships

Report by Dick Criley It was billed as one of the most talented

championships in yea rs w ith six Olympians, a number of NCAA and cunference champ ions, and other ve terans of USA national teams. From the competition 12 gymnasts we re to qualify for the USA World Games Trainin g Camp. Unfortunate ly, Ol ympian Steve Hug was out w ith a bad I)! sp rained ankle, A ll-Ameri can Wayne Young b eca me ill during the compu lsories, and th e absence of Gary Morava was felt by all.

The USGF format required competition in compul so ry and optiona l exe rci ses w ith ent ri es restrict ed to all-around gymnasts. To lend a littl e spir it , there we re teams composed of th e top six gymnasts from four USGF regions plus individual s who had equalled or bettered th e lowest sixth place score.


The compu lsor ies we re the same o nes used At the conc lusion of the opt ional fo r th e past Olympic Games and al l the compet iti ons, the Ea st had four of the top six gymnasts should have had no difficulty w ith the gymnasts: (1) John Crosby 107.60, (2) Ja y by-now-familiar moves and comb ination s. The Whelan 107.45, (4) Marshall Ave ner 106.75, and compul sory sess ion started ca lml y enou gh, but (5) Gene Whelan 106. 20 . The MidEast's Jim by the time competition concluded at Ivicek was sixth with 105.90. No Midwest midnight , it was ev ident that compu lso ries had gymnasts fini shed in the top six although there not been gi ven as strong an effort as might have were three in the top 10: Jim Stephenson (7), been expected from the 35 gymnasts . Brent Simmons (9), and Doug Fitzjarrell (10).

F rom- the-com pu Iso ry-sets-tbe~e-were-few~om t h ~es1,~QJlLW_e_ed_eJLtoDLtb i[d_wj.tb __ _ sco res in the 9's except for parallel bars: FX-9, 107.05. The ot her ididviduals w ho qualified for PH -O (on ly 2 above 8.5), R-2, V-3, PB-12, HB-5. the training ca mp were M ike Carter (E), Steve The Ea st's Jay Whelan had the high compu lso ry Posner (W), and Dusty Ritter (W). Twenty-three total w ith 53.5, followed by Tom Weeden (W) at gym nasts scored 100 points or better w ith the 52.6 and Ma rshall Avener (E) and John Crosby top optional totals from Jo hn Crosby (55.25), (E) at 52.35. Stil l, there we re 22 gymnasts wit h Tom Weeden (54.45), and Marshall Avener sco res of 50.0 or better. It was evident from th e (54.40) . start that the Eas t was th e tea m to wa tch as th ey compiled a 262.70 compulsory total.

Team Results: 1st Ea sl-532.45. Coaches: Gene Wellstone and Ab ie Grossfeld-Tearn: Ma rsha ll Avener, Gene Whe lan , Jay Whelan , John Crosby, Jirn Kruest , Jirn Cu lhane.

2nd M id West-527.75. Coach: Ed Gag ni e r-Tea rn: Mark Graham, Brent Simmons, Doug Fit zja rre ll , Jirn Stephe nso n, Wayne Young, Bob Roth.

3rd We st-522.20. Coaches: Masayuki Watanabe a nd Di ck Wolfe-Team: Steve Posner, Tom Beach, Tom Weeden, Du sty Rill er, Dave Eby.

4th MidEast-510.60. Coach: Roge r Couns il-Tearn: Jim tvicek , Carl Wa li n, Jeff La Fl e ur , Ted Marli, Je ff Roc k, Jon Hallbe rg.

13

The team battle was of interest as the Midwest outscored the East 270.30 to 269.75 in optiona ls, leading each event except FX and HB. The West had the high optional FX and HB totals. Nonetheless, the East prevailed because of their high compulsory total. Final Scores: East 532.45, MidWest 527.75, West 522.20, MidEast 510.60.

Gymnasts accustomed to NCAA regulations faced a time limit on FX, zones on the vau lt, and Compet ition III with its str icter difficulty and judging requirements in the f inals. There were deductions made for routines that were short and also for grip faults in vault ing. How~ver, the competitors generally took the FIG requirements in stride, and the fina lists on each event genera lly met the higher difficulty requirements.

INDIVIDUAL EVENT SUMMARIES Floor Exercise

John Crosby and Doug Fitzjarrell were considered the top on FX with chal lenges expected from Mike Carter, Steve Posner, Jim Stephenson, and Jay Whelan. Mike and Jay sat out th is year 's finals but Tom Weeden and Mark Graham edged in. Some individual notes: Jim Cul hane who threw a double twister (and overturn ed it) for the first time in competition. John Crosby's RO, ff, wh ipback, ff, double back ; 1'1, twisting dive roll; and double twister dismount which brought him scores of 9.65 and 9.55 in the prelims and finals. Doug Fitzjarrell 's high double back mount into back roll with ff off knees; full and 1'1, twisting d ive rolls, and double twister dismount. Dave Butzman - front handspring to full twisting dive rol l. Jim Stephenson - RO, ff wh ipback If, fu ll ; a tour jete to sp lit leap to lunge; a layout with 'I, twist to step out; and double twister dismount. Bob Anderson - double twist mount; a high V support and press to handstand, and an inlocate with extension to handstand. Tom Beach with handspring step out to front step out to side aerial. Mel Hill 's st radd led pivot on his back and ro ll over one shoulder to a chest rollout (a lso used byTom Weeden). Tim Shawarabian 13/4 mount.

The best balance of tumbling, st rength, and transition lay with the West and MidWest. Most routines consisted of four passes using one side and repeating one diagonal. The piked som ie with v.. turn from a roundoff is stil l a widely used sho rt transition tumbling move, but increasingly we f ind the full and 1'12 twist ing dives. Many double twisting mounts were thrown; most dismounts were at least full s with a few double twists. Pommel Horse

Here, Marsha ll Avener and Steve Hug were expected to battle it out, but with Hug injured, there were few others of stature to chall enge Marshall. None-the-Iess, strong optiona l exercises were turned in by Bob Roth , Mel Hill , and Tom Weeden with Roth and Weeden both making it to finals. They were joined by Mike Carter, Jay Whelan and John Crosby. Avener swung high and smooth and was a littl e fast but took the tit le anyhow. M ike Carter was a little rushed also but comp leted as did Weeden who had a ba lance problem but muscled through. Everyone else had a break or two and the fina l placings after Avener bore littl e resemblance to who had the most consistent pommel horse ski ll.

Some notes on individuals: Dave Eby -routine flowed easily. Kanati A ll en - those hooked toes aga in ! Dusty Ritter - has come a long ways . Jon Hallberg - another swinger. Ted Mart i - good (8.7) optional but on ly 6.8 compu lsory. Jim Ivicek 's strange dismount. Jim

Cu lhan e - a veteran who knows how to make experi ence payo ff with a completed routine. Ja y Wh elan - works w ith rhythm. Doug Fit zjarrell - high and clean.

Unfortunately fo r pommel horse fans, th e event 's difficulties are also difficu lt to ca tch and this reporter noted on ly a preval ence of loop, loop with Vl off as dismounts with mostl y co mmon combinations preceding. Undoubted ly th ere were a few more diffi cult combinati o ns, but th e competition format did not lend itse lf to recogni zing them . There still does no t seem to be th e f lair among AA men that specialists have been di splaying o n PH. Rings

Jim Ivicek was th e 1973 USGF champ and was expected to be chall enged by last year 's fin ali sts: Marshall Avener, Dave Butzman, Car l Walin, and Bob Roth, as well as newcomers Tom Weeden, Jim Kruest, and veteran Brent Simmons. Th is year's finali sts we re Ivicek, Avener, and Weed en in a three-way tie for th e lead and Simmons, Jay Whelan , and Bob Anderson . A ll the finali sts mounted with disloca te, shoot, halldstamJ , giant or some c lose va riation; three used full twistin g dismounts (Whelan, Simmons, Ivicek) with Anderson using a double, Weed en a piked double, and Avener a double twist. Weeden, in edging o ut Iv icek, used as strength moves a handstand lower to cross, whi le Ivicek used a front leve r and cross. Both used straight bod y presses.

Indi vidual notes : Wayne Chand ler - ni ce high front somie w ith V2 twi st dismount. Mike Carter 's 9.25 was fourt h highes t optional sco re very solid, good strength. Jay Whelan stronger than brother Gene, but I liked Gene's high back upri se to straddle L - style! Fro m th e MidWest - inlocate and uprise to handstand by Fitzjarrel l and Simmons. M ark Graham _ Olympic cross but see med short on time. Tom Beach - sho uld give Weeden a run in a yea r -used whippet to L and dismounted with double twi s t~Bob Ri Ce - pike double. Jeff RockDouble twist. Jon Hallberg - a nice back rol l to front lever.

A typi ca l exercise went something like : D, S, H, G, X, K to L, Pr H, bk Ivr, D, 1/ 1 with va riation s as to st rength parts and transit ions. Vault

John Crosby was fa vo red here with virtua ll y the whole M id West team in hot p ersuit (F itzjarrell , Stephenson, Graham, Simmons) and some Eas tern individuals (Carter, Aven er, both W helansJ, but into th e finals went Crosby, Stephenson, J. Wh ela n, plus Tom Weeden, Bob Ri ce, and Mel Hill. However, Rice was unable to vau lt and Mark Graham went in as highest ranked of the three ti ed at th e nex t sco re. M el Hill was competing on a bad sp rain also .

As usual, both va ults had to count and th ese were supposed to come from the higher ri sk catego ri es.

Wh elan and Graham used full twistin g handspring and Yamashita. Stephenson -Yamashita (8.8) and piked Tsukahara (9.3) . Mel Hill --favor ing his foot, was short o n hi s handspring wi th 1 Vl sa ito from th e nea r end, and a Yamash ita. Weeden used Yamash ita and Yamashita w ith vl twi st. Crosby won it with handspring 1 Vl saito wit h a co uple of steps (9.3) and piked Tsukahara (9.4).

Indi vidual no tes : Bob Ri ce - handspr ing 1 Vl plu s steps for 9.25 . Ca rl Walin - ran into horse, skidded , and di smo unted with aplo mb to th e side. Jim Ivicek - rudolph from th e far end for 9.4, but had only 8.05 on the compulso ry. M ike Cart er - hi gh and far handsp ring 1Vl sa it o. Avener - piked Tsukahara w ith height but o ff

ax is and a littl e short fo r 9.15. Fitzjarr ell - also a piked Tsukahara but low on post flight. Many gymnasts seem ed to have troubl e with thei r run approach. Parallel Bars

Here again Steve was missed but qui te a lew gym nasts had th e kind of score needed to gain the fi nals. From las t yea r's finalists: M i ke Ca rter , Ja y Whe lan, Jim Ivice k, p lus Dou g Fit zjarrell , Gene Whe lan, and Brent Simmons. Others with a chance we re Mark Gra ham, Marshall Ave ner, and John Crosby . Sixteen gymnasts had optional exercise sco re of 9.0 or higher. The MidWest team 's optiona l total of 46.25 was the high event total for th e competition. When the dust had se ttled , Jim Ivicek (diamidov, stutz han d) had ca ptured the titl e with Brent Simmons second , and Gene Whelan third.

Individua l notes : Lots of cast to support, sw ing to reve rse stutz or pirouette mounts, some w ith gl ide ki p to reverse straddl e cut to support (Rich Anysko used this in th e middle of th e bars). Di smounts usuall y were front or back off, some wit h Vi twi st. Quite noti cea ble was th e " hollow ches t" technique on th e giant glide kip. Gene Mackie and Ivicek - d iamidov. Fitzjarrel and Simmons - high cas t with V, turn to support , and Fit zjarrell 's fro nt somie ca tch in su pport. Side mounts by Bob Anderson, Tom Weede n. Jeff LaFleur - one arm handstan d. Ted Ma rti - nice start w ith peach to hand, but unfortunate brea ks in a smooth routine later. Horizontal Bar

Had he been competing, Steve Hug would have b een the leading contender, but there appea red many read y to fill the vo id . Eleven gymnasts had opt iona l scores in th e 9's with both Jim Ivicek and Brent Simmons at 9.3. Kanati Allen had a 9.25 but a low compul so ry set held him back. Th e high compulsory sco re of 9.55 belonged to Ted Marti , who netted an 8.95 optio ll al, dlld Tum Beach (9.4 c/ 9.10 0). Final ists were Mart i, Beach, Simmons, Ivicek, Gene Whel an and Jim Kruest.

Brent Simmons won the title w ith a routine which included stalders, Voronin , exce llent German ginats, and a full twisting hecht. Beach who used a pike o pen to full tw isting flyaway dismount was second. Marti (third) used the sa me dismount and wo rked w ith good ex tension, showing also dislocate giants. Gene Wh elan used stald ers and dismounted w ith a barani. Ivicek had a brea k on a stra ight body kip but continued on to dismount w ith a hecht. Kru es t almost suffered seriou s injury in his d ismo unt as hi s foot ca ught the bar on a full twisting hecht and he fe ll on his shoulder. Jim showed inlocate and di slocate giants as well as stald ers.

Indi vidual notes: Kanati Allen - sta lder with Vi turn out into another stalder; ni ce Voroni/l; pike-fu ll d ismount. Bob Rice - pike double. Tim Shaw - Ono; stoop in and out; and half~in half-out dismount. Jeff Rock - fu ll twisting hecht. Mike Carter - stalder; Voronin; flank over to regrasp behind back; hecht di smount. M ark Graham - bara ni in ba ck out (?). Bad brea ks for Doug Fitzjar rell and Da ve Eby both of whom had nice routines going for them. Capsule Comments

Of the 36 finali sts berths, the Eas t had 15, the ' MidEast 4, the MidWest 10, and th e W est 7. Tom Weeden and Jay Whe lan were in four finals and Brent Simmons, Joh n Crosby, and Jimlvicek in three finals each.

Th e USGF mee t does not emphas ize the schools of origin for th e gymnasts takin g part, but th ere were six from Iowa State (Ed Gagnier wou ld rather enter as an Iowa State team than as a reg ion!), fi ve from th e University of

~ " C I""

Ca lifornia at Berk eley, fo ur from Penn Sta te, three from Southern Connecticut, and two each from Temple and UCLA. Of th e 35 gym nasts taking part, 10 have completed co ll ege and four were fr eshmr n thi s year. Among th e " vintage" gymnast< were Jim Culhane, Ka nati , Dusty Ritt er, Br" n t Simmons, an d Ted Marti. Th e freshmen were Wayne Chandl er, Jo n Hallberg, Tom Beach, and Dave Eby.

t ·~ ~t M

A fin e and smoot h- ru nning p'erfo rmance was put on by Hal Frey w ith the ass istance of hi s gymn astic team and the No rth ern Ca lifo rni a gymnasti cs associa ti on. A special three-sided electro nic sco rin g unit was built by a U.c. Davis engineer and used fo r the fi ndls - thu s, th e results were instant ly visible. (I) r. Frey notes th at plans for thi s will be ava il able soon. )

A fin al thanks from th e Gymnast staff for th e many courtesies shown us.

Debbie W ilcox

usqf SENioR NATIONAls Submitted by

Renee Hendershott

After having attended four Senior Na tiona ls, I have to say without a doubt that the quality of this years meet was by far the best I have seen in Gymnast ic Ta lent. The gi rl s did a wonderfu l job and performed we ll w ith few major breaks or fa lls. I also have to say the judges did an excellent job putting the gi rl s through the rout ines in a near minimum time and scor ing them in most cases as close to the quality of th eir wo rk as possible.

We tho ught we had p roblems before the meet began, and to a degree we d id . The information on the m eet and the change from Chicago to Denver was sent out five weeks before the meet. The in fo rmation was sen t to th e Technical D irecto rs of th e Reg io ns. For some reason some of them never received the informat ion and others did nothi ng with i t when th ey got it. This brou ght abou t mass co nfusion. We received dozens fo phone cal ls from all over the United States wondering where the informat ion was and co uld they get th eir girl entered. Up to th e mo rnin g of the meet we were still getti ng entri es. Some wo rk has to be done for future yea rs bn this problem. A meet d irector in Den ver Co lo rado or anyp lace else cannot poss ibly know if Susie Benson in Skunk Hollow Kentucky has qua li fied. That is taking it pretty far, but the point is the Regiona l Directors have the responsibility to get this information to their Regions. We had a b it of a breakdown this year and last as I remember it.

Because o f the Sen ior Nationals being the las t chance for a girl to qualify for Elites and Junior Girl s who reach the age of 15 before the end of th e year, the Nat ionals grew and grew w ith each passing day. We started w ith 52 gi rl s we thought wo uld be here and ended up with B5.

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We did not know if we could possibly get this ma ny girl s through at a decent hou r or not, but we d id . We started at 2: 00 p.m. and fi ni shed at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday and this was a half hour ea rl y. From 7: 00 p.m. to 10:30 that evening, aga in a ha lf hour early. On Friday for Optionals we fini shed actuall y a half hour late . Finals were run smoothl y and w ithout incident after we got past the opening ceremo nies wh ich were a litt le hectic at f irs t.

The all around and the team t itle we re up for grabs from th e moment the meet began until it fini shed. We would have one girl lea ding, then the next session anoth er would take over and so on until Debbi e Wilcox of th e Littl eton Flyers in Littleton , Co lorado emerged the w inner. Debbie was steady all three days as she pi led up 71.85 points to win th e ti t le. Second we nt to Debbie Muncey o f the Lon g Beach Kips. She sco red a 71.55. Linda An to nio of th e Denve r Schoo l of Gymnastics made another fantastic run in Optionals an d moved from 8th to third w ith a 71.325. She had the highest opt io nal sco re of the meet to make her move. Severa l gi rl s had a shot at the all around, but had problems in one even t. For Muncey it was Optional Beam. For Antonio it was Compulsor ie Beam. For Shell y Bier it was Optional Bars.

In the Team competiti on it was just as hect ic. After the first session the SCATS we re lead ing. Then it was th e Mannettes, then Denve r took over after the third session and held on to the end. Th e f inal team score was Denver 112; SCATS 111 ; Mannettes 110.

In the Finals on Saturday N ight, the sparse crowd which came to watch saw some ve ry fine gym nast ics as the gi r1 s did th ei r ve ry best. I n the va ult, Kim Bell ew of the O lymp iad gym club executed a Yamash ita and a Yamashi ta w ith a half turn to score 9.25 and win the competition. In the Uneven Bars, Debbie Muncey sco red a 9.20 to easil y w in th is event. On th e Balance

Beam, a rea l batt le developed between Carri e Englert of the National Academy of Gymnastics and Renee ' Hack o f the Denver School of Gym nast ics. Carr ie scored a 9.30 to w in th e event. Linda Antonio who was th e o nly girl to be in three events in the final s, f inall y won an event as she edged Carrie Englert in Free Exercise.

Saturday afte rnoon, fi ve gi rl s qualifi ed for th e Elite Na tio nals as they performed th e Olympic compulsori es and added to their opt ional scores ca m e up w ith a 70.00 all around or better. High sco rer was Tr ish Reed of th e Denver Schoo l of Gymnastics. Trish had won th e all around at the Ju nior Nationa ls and was allowed to execute her compulsor ies in Denver. She scored 70.95. Next with a 70.80 was Ke lly Muncey of the Kips, she used her opt iona l sco res from Juniors also. With a 70.60 was Carrie

. Englert; and Lisa Nuetz wi th a 80.20. Li sa is of the Mannettes.

A ll in all it was an excell ent meet. The comments we re all good except for one, and he comp lains about eve rything, so you take th at wit h a grain of sa lt. The main pu rpose was to make th e meet for the girl s and no t th e spectato rs. The first two days were held at the Denver Schoo l of Gymnastics. Here they had 5 beams to warm-up on and in the pre wa rm up in the days preceeding th e meet, th ey had as many as 22 beams to wa rm up on. Th ere are 13 sets of bars in th e gym with 3 of th e kind they competed on. There are three free ex pads and 3 va ulting horses, so they did not lack for eq uipment. The crowds we re small, but as sta ted, the meet was fo r the girl s and they seemed to enjoy it very much. It was kept as relaxed as possi ble for the gymnasts and they did not have to be in the gym more th an 2 hou rs a day at a tim e, so th ey did not tire as easily.

1974 USGF SENIOR NATIONALS REPORT

FINAL RESULTS: Team 1. Denve r School 01 Gymnastics 2. SCATS 3. M annelles

Yault 1. Kim Be ll e w - O lympiad 2. Jan Anthony - Olympiad 3. Linda Antonio - Denver SG 4. Debbie Wilcox - Lit Fly. 5. Julie Knight - Fresno 6. Nancy Jones - Tumble Bees Uneven Bars 1. Kelly Muncey · KI PS 2. Nancy Jones - Tumble Bees 3. Gale Wycoff - SCATS 4. Linda Antonio. - Denver SG 5. Kathy Kec k - Corn e r Ho use 6. Debbie Wilcox - Lit Fly Bala nce Beam • 1. Carrie Englert - Nat. Acad . 2. Re n ee Hack - Denve r SG 3. Leslie WolIsberger - SCATS 4. We ndy Schol - Re no SG 5. Lisa Neulz - Mannettes 5. Shelly Bier - Ma nn ett es Free Ex e rcise 1. Linda Antonio - Denver SG 2. Carrie Englert - Nat. Acad. 3. Shelly Bier - Mannettes 4. Debbie Hung - Diab lo 5. Leslie Wollsberge r - SCATS 5. Kelly Muncey - KIPS All Around 1. De bbie Wolcox - Lit Fl y 2. De bbie Muncey - KIPS 3. Linda Antonio - Denver SG 4. Carrie Englert - Na t. Acad. 5. Gale Wycoff - SCATS 5. Shelly Bier - Mannettes

112 111 110

18.405 18.400 18.350 18.300 18.125 18.025

18.575 17.925 17.875 17.812 17.625 17.525

18.325 18.100 17.900 17.800 17.575 17.575

18.175 18.125 18.000 17.950 17.675 17.675

71.850 71.550 71 .325 71.100 70.500 70.500


,,;x:::;.;::;:: .,.:=mNdt:..,:·n···,·····

USGF ELITE CHAM PION'SHTps~;P' For the fourt h st raight yea r, joan Moore Rice

is th e U .S.G.F . A ll-A ro und Elite Nati o nal

GYMNAST June/July '74

Gymnastics Champio n. j oan not onl y success full y defended her Champ io nship but wo n th e Balance Bea m and Floo r Exercise as we ll.

The co mpetiti o n was a thrilling duel between j oa n Moore Rice and Diane Dunbar. After th e co mpulsory exe rcises, joan sco red a to tal o f 37.30 po ints w ith Diane onl y .40 behind w ith 36.90 po ints. In the opti o nals altho ugh Diane Dunbar w hipped up a 9.6 on th e Uneven Bars and a 9.55 on Fl oo r Exercise, defending Champion j oan Moore Ri ce onl y gave up .10 o f a poi nt, sco ring 37.85 to Diane's 37.95. joan 's tota l poi nts was 75 .1 5 to Diane's 74. 85, w inning by the narrow margin o f .30 o f a point. A long w ith Ri ce and Dunbar, D ebbie Fike, Roxa nn e Pi erce, Na ncy Th eis, Ann Carr, Kath y Ho ward , and Kyle Gayner battl ed fo r th e Cham pi o nshi p an d all quali f ied fo r World Games Fi na l Tri als in Septembe r.

Dunbar, a 15-yea r-old from Pl easanton , Califo rni a, had the highes t sco re in th e opt ionals w ith a 9.60 o n th e Uneven Bars and w ith her previo us· sco re of 74.55 in th e qua li fi cat ion round was num be r o ne quali f ie r for t he Finals w ith 149.40 points. Ri ce, an Ol ym pian represen ti ng th e Phil adelphi a Manettes, stood no bet ter th an 7th nat ionall y befo re t he meet w ith 73.05, fini shed as th e 2nd quali f ier w ith a total o f 148.20 behind Miss Dunbar.

The U.S.G. F. Eli te Finals was an eq uall y thrillin g competition w ith anoth er superb bat t le between joan Moore Ri ce and D iane Dunbar. The Va ulting was the first even t w ith Dunbar w in ning w ith 18.80 and Ri ce takin g third after Pierce. Dunbar nex t wo n th e Uneven Bars with a 19.175 w ith Rice 2nd w ith a 19.075. Next o n th e Bea m it was Rice's tu rn to w in w ith an even 19 po in ts and Dun ba r fi ni shed 3rd wi th 18.650 beh ind Kyle Gayner. Rice then took th e Fl oo r Exe rcise wi th 19. 125 w ith Du nba r 2nd w ith 18.950. Bo th girl s won 2 firsts, o ne second and one thi rd . Th e ind ividual results fo ll ow:

USGF Elite 1'.174 The All-Around resu lts o f the U.S.G. F . . Elite

Championships: j oa n Moore Ri ce 75.15; Diane Dun bar 74.85; Debbie Fike 73.25; Ann Carr 73.25; Roxa nne Pierce 73.20; Na ncy Theis 73.10; Kyle Gayner 73.10. Vaulting: Dia ne Dunbar 18.800; Roxanne Pie rce 18.600; joan Rice 18.575; Ann Carr 18.525; Debbie Fike 18.450; Na ncy Theis 18.350. Bars: Diane Du nbar 19.175; j oa n Ri ce 19.075; Roxa nne Pi erce 18.775; Conni e j o Israel 18.650; Debb ie Hill 18.575; Debbie Fike 18.525. Beam: joa n Ri ce 19.000; Ky le Gaynor 18.925; Diane Dunbar 18.650; jody Yocu m 18.500; Den ise Walker 18.275; Kathy Howa rd 18.150. Floor: j oan Rice 19.125; Diane Dun bar 18.950; Na n cy Theis 18.775; Den ise Wa lke r 18.700; Kathy Howa rd 18.625; Debbi e Fike 18.625.

1974 World Games Trials Th e 1974 U. S.G.F . Elit e N at io nal

Championships not o nl y selected th e 1974 Nat iona l Champ io ns but w hen th ese sco re are added to th e best qualifi ca tio n A ll-A round score, th e to p 12 W omen adva nce to the 1974 Wo rld Games Tr ia ls to be conducted in Ca li fo rni a Septe mber 27,28.

The Golden D·ozen American Women Gymnasts

1. D iane Dun bar 2. joan Moore Rice 3. Debbi e Fike 4. Roxan ne Pierce 4. Ann Carr 6. Kat hy Howard 7. Ky le Gayno r 8. Nancy Theis 9. j ody Yocum

10. Debbie Hill 11. Barbara Myslak 12. Lynn Go vin

149.40 148.20 146.70 146.35 146.35 146.00 145.30 144.65 144.40 144.20 143.75 143.45

The final tr ials w ill be a fresh start fo r all 12 gymnasts. No sco res w ill b e ca rr ied from any p revio us compe ti tio ns. j anet A nderson w ill also be in th e fin al tri als due to ful f illment of score requirements fo r injury petiti o n.

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20 GYMNAST June/ July '74

GYMNAST June/ July '74 21

Roxanne Pierce Joan Rice

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• AAU SENIOR

Jay H . Shaw

Th e A. A.U. Senio r Nat ional champ io nsips were held at Eas tern Montana Co ll ege, Billin gs, Montana, April 26-28. It would have to be labeled "success" as some of th e f inest gymn as ts in th e count ry pe rformed beauti ful exercises.

Extra's fo r th e 3 day meet incl uded weather rang ing from a ba lm y 80 0 and sunny to 300 and snow. Th e big extra was p rov ided by one of the co mpetito rs, however, as he performed a 9.5 0 st rea king routi ne t hro ugh the gym du ring th e f ina ls. (He had a small p ropl em w ith hi s ex it to keep him from rece ivi ng a 9.90.) A lso uniq ue was th e elected A.A.U. Gymnast ics Q ueen, Debbi e Broo kin gs. Not only did she add to th e beauty o f the meet but also she he lped promo te gymnasti cs in t he area.

COMPULSORIES Friday, the 26th , com pul so ri es we re th rown.

So me very f ine performances were turn ed in by some of our Elite women. Roxanne Pi erce turned in a 9.50 unevens sco re fo r the highes.t compulsory sco re fo r th e wo men. O ther f ine pe rfo rmances were turned in by Joa n Rice w ith a 9.40 on Bea m, a 9.35 in Floo r, and a 9.30 on Bars; Ann Ca rr w ith 9.30 on Vaulting and Ba rs; Na ncy Th eis an d Deni se Wa lker w it h 9.30 on Beam ; and Barbi e Myslak w it h a 9.20 across al14 events.

The mens com pul sories we re not part icularl y strong as a w ho le but some indi v idual exe rcises were perfo rmed almost flawless ly. Yoshi Hayasak i ju m ped to an early A ll-Arou nd lead w ith a 54.90 and bea utiful ly per fo rmed exe rcises on P.Ba rs, 9.55, an d Ri ngs, 9.65 ! ! (hi gh sco re for mens co m pulsor ies). O ther outstand ing co mpulsory rout in es we re tu rned in by Jo hn Crosby, 9.25 in Floo r Ex.; Russ Fystrom w ith a 9.35 o n Pommel Horse; Joe Perciva l, U. of O regon, w ith an outstand ing 9.50 on Po mmel Horse; Ti ger Taylo r wi th a 9.10 Va ult; and Dubi Lu fi w it h a 9.1 0 on Para ll el Bars.

GYMNAST Jun-Jly '74

NATioNAls OPTIONALS

Saturday the optional extravaganza started and both the men and women really turned on. Womens Bars and Floor were both very exciting and mens Floor and Horizontal Bar were outstanding.

The women started on Vaulting and Beam. Some difficult vaults were attempted but in the long run the Yamashita was still the scoring vault. Ann Carr of the Mannettes turned in the highest Vault score of 9.50 followed closely by a 9.45 for Barbie Myslak and a 9.30 for Lisa Cain.

Balance Beam, which ran simultaneously with Vaulting, proved to be the decisioner for many of the women. There were many bobbles and falls and few routines looked 'solid ' . Joan Rice and Ann Carr again did excellent exercises at 9.40 and 9.30 respectively. Close at hand was Lynne Govin of SIU with a 9.20.

The evening brought the dynamic events of Unevens and Floor Ex. for the women. Connie Jo Israel and Joan Rice shared optional honors with a 9.45 each . Donna Payton and Roxanne Pierce also executed fine routines both scoring 9.25.

The mens optionals were highly commented on by the audience, as outstanding routines were thrown on all events. John Crosby took Floor Ex. honors with a great routine and a 9.55 score. He was closely followed by Bob Rikli, U. of 0. , with a 9.50, Mike Carter with 9.45, and Paul Hunt with a 9.40.

Pommel Horse was a little rough but Joe Percival again showed his stuff with a 9.30, but had to share optional honors with Chuck Walter who did an outstanding job.

Still Rings brought some close scores with Bob Rice leading the way with a beautifully executed routine and a 9.50. Gene Johnson, WSU, pulled a 9.35 and Mike Carter, LSU, Jim Holt, WSU, and Vincent Faust, Owl Gym Club, all scored 9.30.

GYMNAST Jun-Jly '74

Action with AA winner Yoshi Hayasaki Paul Hunt·

23

Vaulting start ed th e evening session wi th a vari ety of Roundoff Backs, Double Fronts and full Twists. John Crosby looked like a champion 19a in as he hit a beautiful Roundoff Back for a %0. Other great opti ona l va ults we re turn ed in by flucky Blev ins, a Double Front for a 9.50; Bob Rice w ith a 9.45; and Andy Alexander and Mel Hill with 9.30.

Parall el Bars showed stock moves and not much o ri ginalit y o r innova tion. Hayasaki pe rformed a very c lea n 9.55 exe rcise; Mike Ca rter scored an impressive 9.40 and Bob Rice foll owed with a 9.30.

The fina l event, Horizontal Bar, was a great finisher for the opti onal sess ion. It was a very impressive even t to watch, as many exe rcises broke 9.00. Yoshi Hayasa ki agai n executed an almost flawless and difficu lt routine scoring a 9.65, hi gh score for th e optiona l sessions. The Diginis and John Crosby put togeth er some

24

exce ll en t combinati o ns and came o ut w ith 9.55 scores w hil e Gene Whelan and Bob Rice hit so l id for scores of 9.50 .

By the end of Saturday the results in th e womens All-Around had Joa n Rice of th e Mannettes in firs t with an impress ive 74.90 to tal. Ann Carr, also o f the Mannettes, was second w ith a 74.25 and Nancy Theis, Oregon Acad. of Gymnastics, was third w ith a 72.90.

The mens d ivisio n had Yoshi Hayasa ki , U. of Ill inois, with a runaway 109.80. Mike Carter, LSU, was second with a 108.15 total and John Crosby came in third with 107 .55.

Womens team resu lts showed the Mannettes, coac hed by Bill Coco, com ing f rom second and a .40 compulso ry deficit to first place w ith a 222 .00 to tal. Southern Conn. Gym Club, coached by Muriel Grossfeld, was secon d with a 220.15 total and Herb Voge ls' Southern III. U. team was third with a 215.95 to ta l

. John Crosby Mike Carter

GYM NAST June/ July '74

Bob and Joan Rice doing their thing at AAU Senior Nationals.

The compulso ry sessions we re marred by many mi ssed performan ces, poor transi tions, and low scores. However, the optiona l sessions more than made up for th e weak compulso ri es. Most of th e opt iona l routin es showed polish and difficult y. Scores jumped into the low and middl e 9's as compa red with many mid 8's in th e compulso ries. Both Ann Carr and Joa n Ri ce put all th eir opt ional sco res into th e 9's wit h Ri ce scor ing an impress ive 9.60 in Floor Exe rci se and a 9.50 in Vaulting.

Th e men exploded w ith diffi culty during their optionals, expecially in Floor Ex. Double ba cks and double twisters we re almost common pla ce and some fine front work was seen from Paul Hunt and Bob Rikli. Floor started the optiona ls w ith a bang and th en conti nu ed ri ght on to Horizontal Bar di smo unts including full tw ist i ng hechts, shrug back sa ltos, and hi gh double backs. Yoshi Hayasaki took all honors for scoring in the meet w ith an exce ll ent performed 9.65 ro utin e on the Horizonta l Bar.

In th e ove rall view we seem ve ry strong on our ol-ltiol1d l exercises but, w ith the excep ti o n of a few, still need more work on compulso ry routin es. Personall y I feel we w ill improve over our 1972 standin gs and show th e world we are one of th e strongest gymnastic nati ons in th e world.

I would like to take just a sentence ortwo and th ank th ose w ho made this mee t such a grea t one. First, to those great peopl e in Billings w ho worked 25 hours a day to make th e mee t cl ick. Seco nd, to th e fabulous comp etitors w ho rea ll y put o n grea t performances and were ve ry courteous and friendl y. And finally, to the coac hes, A .A.U. offic ials and those persecuted few, the judges, I want to give a big th ank you for helping this meet be a memorabl e o ne. W ith so many grea t people work ing to put on such a fine event it 's no wonder GYMNASTICS is the no. 1 sport.

Barbie Myslak


RESUL TS 1974 A.A.U. SENIOR NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS EASTERN MONTANA COLLEGE

MEN WOMEN Team 1. New York Athletic Clu b 2. Orego n Gym Club 3. Loui sa na 5!. Unive rsity 4. Cougar Gym Club 5. Owl Gym Cl ub

All-Around 1. Yoshi Hayasa ki (U nat.) 2. Mike Carte r (L5U) 3. John Crosby (NY AC) 4. Dubi Lufi (Cougar GC) 5. Robert Ri ce (Owl Gym) 5. Gene Whelan (NYAC) 7. Jim Culha ne ( YAC) 8. M ike Kimba ll (U na!.) 9. Richard Onys ko (NYAC) 9. Mel Hill (O w l Gy m )

11. Pe te Ko rma n (NYAC) 12. Rick Ru sse ll (L5U) 13. Steve Ro skan (Ore. GC ) 14. Hemo Walters (L5U) 15. Ti ge r Ta ylo r (U na!. )

323.10 304.55 301.55 290.90 257.50

109.80 108.15 107.55 107.30 105.85 105.85 102.80 101.35 100.30 100.30

99.40 98.85 96.40 95.25 93.35

Floor Exercise: John Crosby (NYAC) 18.95; Paul Hunt (U na!. ) 18.65; Mike Carter (L5 U) 18.55; Greg Buiwick (U na!. ) 18.35; Jay Whelan (NYAC) 18.175; Bob Rikli (Ore) 17.975. Pommel Horse: Joe Percival (Ore.) 18.75; Russ Fystrom (unat. ) 18.375; Chuck Walter (U na!. ) 18.275; Rogers (Ore. ) 18.25; Shawn Miyaki (U na!. ) 18.10; Mel Hill (O w l) 17.175. Rings: Bob Rice (Owl ) 18.65; Yoshi Hayasaki (U n a!. ) 18.525; Gene Johnson, (Cougar) 18.20; Vince Faust (Una!. ) 18.125; Mike Carter (L5 U) 18.10; Richard Onysko (NY AC) 18.075. Vaulting: John Crosby (N YAC) 18.825; Mel Hill (O w l) 18.45; Bob Rice (O w l) 18.25; Jay Whelan ( YAC) 18.12; Tiger Taylor (U na!. ) 17.975; Yoshi Hayasaki (U na!.) 17.80. Parallel Bars: Yoshi Hayasaki (Una t. ) 18.65; Dubi Luli (Cougar) 18.575; Gene Whelan (N Y AC) 18.20; Mike Carter (L5 U) 18.15; Bob Rice (Owl) 17.75; John Crosby (N YAC) 17.325. Horizontal Bar: Yoshi Hayasaki (U na!. ) 18.90; John Crosby ( YAC) 18.75; Bob Rice (Owl) 18.65; Gene Whelan ( YAC) 18.60; Mike Kimball (U na!. ) 18.325; Jim Culhane (N YAC) 17.875.

ME'n's all around winners

Team 1. Ma nn ettes 2. Sou thern Connecti cut Gym Club 3. Sou th er n Illinoi s Uni ve rsity 4. Orego n Aca d e m y of Gymnasti cs 5. Loui sv ill e Gymn asti cs 6. Gym Fo rum AII-Ar.ound

1. Joan Rice (Ma n .) 2. Ann Carr (Man.) 3. Na ncy The is (O re. AC. ) 4. Roxa nne Pi erce (So . Conn. ) 5. Co le Dowal iby (So. Conn. ) 6. Sandy Gross (5IU) 7. Barbie Mys lak (So. Conn. ) 8. Shelly Bier (Ma n.) 8. Donna Payto n (LGC)

10. La urel Anderso n (U na!. ) 11 . De ni se Walker (So. Conn. ) 12. Conn ie Jo Isrea l (Ma n. ) 13. "Barbara Ca nt we ll (Man. ) 14. Lynn Govin (5 IU) 15. Dia ne Gra yson (5 IU) 16. Rob in Bleamer (U na!. ) 17. Jodi Yocum (U na!. ) 17. Li sa Ca in (So. Conn .) 19. Pa t Ca rmi chae l (Ma n .) 20. Cind y Frank (U nat. )

222.00 220.85 215.95 211.20 209.30 192.50

74.90 74.25 72.90 72.75 72.75 72.50 72.45 72.05 72.05 71.75 71.70 71.20 71.15 70.90 70.85 70.45 70.30 70;30 70.15 69.80

Balance Beam : Ann Carr (Ma n .) 18.525; Denise Walker (So. Conn .) 18.475; Barbie Cantwe ll (Man.) 18.300; Barbie Myslak (So. Conn .) 18.300; Shelly Bier (Man. ) 18.250; Sandi Gross (5 IU) 18.125; Joan Rice (Ma n .) 17.650. Vaulting: Barbie Myslak 18.825; Ann Carr (Ma n.) 18.750; Joan Rice (Ma n.) 18.650; Lynne Govin (51 U) 18.475; Cole Dowaliby (So. Conn .) 18.475; Nancy Theis (Ore.) 18.450; Robin Bleamer (So. Conn.) 18.425. Uneven Bars: Joan Rice (Ma n. ) 18.925; Connie Jo Isreal (Man .) 18.825; Roxanne Pierce (So. Con n. ) 18.825; Ann Carr (Ma n. ) 18.550; Laurel Anderson 18.450; Sandi Gross (51 U) 18.300; Donna Payton (Lou s. Gym ) 17.925. Floor Exercise : Joan Rice (Man. ) 19.125; Nancy Theis (Oreg. Acad.) 18.825; Lisa Cain (So. Conn .) 18.775; Ann Carr (Man .) 18.750; Barbie Myslak (So. Conn .) 18.625; Cole Dowaliby (So. Conn. ) 18.475; Jodi Yocum 18.425.

Women's all around winners

25

GoldEN SANds iNTERNATioNAL

VARNA,

buLGARiA by Abie Grossfeld

Chef De Mission

The third "Zlatn i Piassatzi " or Golden Sands International Competition , invitational in nature, were from June 6 through 9 at the Pa lace of Sports in Varna, Bulgaria. This was to

have been th esite of the Worl d Championsh ips In October. It IS a modern looking arena with a seating capacity of 3,000.

The United States delegation consis ted of two men gymnasts, Tom Weeden of the University of Californ ia at Berkeley and Jay W helan of Southern Connect icut State Coll ege; two women gym nasts, Ann Carr of the Mannettes in Philade lphia and Kathy Howa rd of Oklahoma; Bi ll Coco (privately financed trip) as the women 's coac h; Gail Dav is as the women 's judge and myse lf as the men 's coach and chief of the de lega tion.

Onl y two men and women gymnas ts from each nati·on were inv it ed as ide from off icials. A few countries requested permission to bring a third gymnast and were given an aff irmative repl y. Th e fo ll owing countri es we re represented with th e number of male gymnasts In parenthesis: Braz il (2), Ca nada (2), Cuba (3) , Czechoslovak ia (2), ~Ol{ (E. Germ .) (2), France (2) , Great BritJin (2), Hunga ry (2), Poland (2), I{umania (2), Spain (1), Sweden (2), USA (2), USSI{ (3) , Yugoslavia (2), and Bulgaria (6). In all th ere were 37 m en gymnasts representing 16 countnes. Whil e we were in Bulgar ia, their orga nIZIng committee dec ided that th e ex tra gymnast, beyo nd two, wou ld be class ifi ed as unofficial-- excep t for the Bulgarian s--and could only compet e the first two days (in competit ion no. 1) dnd not in th e all-arou nd or individual event fin als. A ll six Bu lgarians were off iCial and as it turned out, five of them made top 16 and, thu s, competed in th e all -a round

. final s. Our o nly practice session, th e day before

competition, was conducted at the competit ion arena and as we fou nd out meet conditions were simulated. The gymnast~ were spilt Into their respective groups .and marched I n(o t he arena at 3 :30 d nd to t heir f irst event and had about twent y minut es per event. We found thi s session parti cularl y benefi cial in he lping our gymnasts adjust to the apparatus and cond ition s. Th e main difficulty for our men seemed to be on th e horizontal bar which was slower and the pommel horse which was narrower and softer than what we are used to. Th e va ulting runway was made of approximately o ne half inch thick spongy matenal that the gymnasts liked. The new type Reuther board was on a firm surface of the same thickness.

The competition set up was Olympic sty le -ali apparatus on p latfo rms and six events going

26

at once. The gymnasts were sp lit into teams of six. Our men were teamed wit h two Bulgarians, the unoff icial Russian and a Spaniard. The order of competition and events we re exactly the same for compulsor ies and opti ona ls. Each day the men's compet iti on commenced at 3:30 or 4 p.m. The audi ence was sparse. Never more than half full.

Compulsory Competition, June 6 Some of th e extrao rdinary occurrences in

order of the even ts for our gymnasts are as follows:

POMMEL HORSE: Whe lan d id an ex tra circle after the kehre out but otherw ise got through clean for 8.4. Weeden sat on kehre out but p icked up a good loop to undercut and f ini shed stron g - 7.95. Trifonov, unofficial USSR, performed w ith exce ll en t con tro l and form - 9.0.

RINGS: Weeden received the third highest score of the competition at 9.1.

VAULT: Whelan 's prefl ight angle was extra low - 8.4. The best vaults showed good preflight ang les, atta in ing close to th e 25 degree angle. The Czech Tabak was .15 better than anyone else - 9.4.

PARALLEL BARS: Weeden fell to upper arms on ba sket mount, had trouble on the back pirouette and basket glide. The rout in es showed a 30 degree ang le, st raigh t body dismount.

HOR IZONTAL BAR: Weeden fumbled grasp on change to overgrip from the dislocate to back uprise, thus, he lacked contro l go ing into d ismount and bent hi s knees .

Tom Weeden

FLOOR EXERCISE: Whe lan recei ved the third highest sco re at 9.3. Weeden faulted on press to handstand, touched hads on tucked back somi and bent knees on front som i. Szajna of Po land was .25 better than anyone else at 9.6.

Optional Competition No.1, June 7

PH: Whelan hit the horse on back moore travel out and bucke ld arms goi ng into scisso rs - 8.45. Weeden had two stops - 7. 0.

R: Weeden touched hands on double piked dismount for an 8.9. He wound up 8th .

V: Two lines we re drawn on th e mat to indicate distances to be atta ined for both the near end (croup) ·and far end (neck) vau lts. The grip judge indicated the spot w here the gymnas ts landed to the judges- -except for the Bul ga rian s- -i f th ey were short of clearing the app ropriate li ne . Whelan landed sho rt of the li ne - 8.5. The most frequent vaults were handspring sa ltos and handspring or Yamashits w ith twists. There we re very few if any straight Ya mashitas.

PB: Weeden sa t afte r gli de overshoot to stradd le L and ba lked in do ing for a sw inging pirouette.

HB : Whelan hit the bar w ith hi s foot coming out of a Stalder shoot - 8.95 . Weeden bent kn ees during hi s hecht dismount - 8.85.

FE: Whelan scored the second highes t optional at 9.4. Keranov o f Bu lgaria was the highest at 9.65.

AA: Whelan fini shed the first two days with a comb ined total of 105.85 and maintained 9th p lace. Weeden 's tota l was 99.65 for 25t h p lace .


All-Around Final Optionals, Competition No. 2 (Top 16), June 8

Whelan was grouped w ith two Bulgarians, a Czech an E. German and Szajna of Pol and. On ly three eve nts were conducted simultaneously. jay bega n on floor exe rcise and received th e highest score of th e day (a long with Keranov of Bulgaria) at 9.5. In th e next even t, jay sustained his only mi shap o f th e four days of compet ition. H e sat on th e end of th e horse as he was abo ut to loop off w hi ch h e proceeded to do after a couple of leg cut s. Hi s sco re was 8.25. jay fini shed th e day w ith a total of 53.45 for the seventh highest total. However, he did not change position and fi ni shed 9th all-around.

Individual Event Finals, Competition No.3 (Top 6), June 9

FX: Whelan scored a 9.1 and pla ced third. Four of the finalists opened w ith double backs and finished w ith double tw ists. Th e first man up was Rad ev of Bulgaria who scored an 8.65. Thi s was the most incorrect judgment, in m y opinion, of the entire competition. I judged this routin e to be about a 7.2. He opened wi th a poor full tw isting back, then did a straddl e L straight arm press to handstand , a running front into a crude headspring, a roundoff flip flop layout, a roundoff flip flop tu ck back and fini shed w ith a roundoff very low whip back and took a step.

Szajna opened w ith a double piked back but overspun (in competition nos. 1 and 2, he opened w ith a double tw ist) and wen t on to complete a good routin e ending w ith a double tw ist. He was seve rely judged at 8.8. Bestler (DDR) and Keranov (Bul g) opened w ith ve ry good double backs and finished w ith double twists. In competition no. 2 th ey opened w ith double twiests. I n competition no. 2 five Bu lga rians opened w ith double backs. Marchenko (USSR) w ho opened w ith a full twisting double ba ck in Riga did double twist open in gs here. He was a littl e rou gh in competition no. 1 and placed eighth. In competiti on no. 1 Tabak (Czech) opened w ith a front somi step o ut to roundoff doubl e back fo r an 9.2 sco re, and To m Wi lson (G . Britain ) opened w ith a double back and fini shed w ith a do uble twist for 9.3--the third highest sco re.

PH: Three of the six fin ali sts broke badl y. Cuba has a fine horseman in Richards . He sw ings with an extended body, good amplitude and good leg form, and all w ith ample behind th e back wo rk. His main probl em are hi s feet. I do not have to tell yo u w hat he does not do w ith th em. H e led go ing into the finals and scored a 9.1. Marchenko (USSR) performed th e most difficult ro utine ve ry we ll and scored a 9.2 to tie Richards fo r first.

R: Thi s proved to be best event of th e co mpetition. Four of th e fina li sts had ve ry good routines and sw ung exce ll entl y in both directions. I was parti cu lar ly impressed w ith Bors o f Rumania. His ro utine: Disloca te strai ght arm shoot hs, back giant (high bar sty led) hs, lower to planch (hold) , co llapse to piked inver ted hang and kip to cross, press out to L, stra ight body fo rward roll to st raight body press handstand, hi gh bar sty led front giant (th e best I 've seen ,) fall ove r to l V, tw ist (rud o lph) dismount. Bors was underscored at 9.35 and placed third . Boiko (USSR) started w ith a slow inl ocate to kip cross, lower through back leve r to inverted hang, inloca te back upri se handstand (he keeps hi s arm s and body


straigh t) , back gia nt (st arms), lower to planch, layaway to front uprise L, stra ight arm bent hip press w ith legs together, giant down to V, in V, out double. Marchenko: Pull up to · cross, di sloca te st arm shoot handstand, st arm back giant, front giant (bent arms sli ghtly at end), w hippet, sw ing back and ro ll forward to piked invert ed hang, kip L, strai ght body press .handstand, giant down v, in V2 out double (a lmost fu ll in ).

V: Szajna won w ith a well executed handsp rin g piked sa it o (bent legs on pref li ght) - 9.5. (He successfull y performed this va ult in all three compet itions.) Hi s second vault was a flighty fu ll tw isting handspring. Tabak (Czech) executed a very flighty han dsp rin g sa ito and the flighti es t (but a littl e misaligned) Tsukahara va ult that I've seen . He fail ed to stick either vau lt and placed second.

PI:!: Th e soviet gymnasts p laced 1 - 2 and did exce ll ent routines . Ma rchenko: Cast V2 turn to glide kip, stradd le cut L, straight arm press, one arm handstand to ba ck pirouette, back somi handstand, stutz handstand, layaway, front uprise, moore to handstand, back somi w ith full tw ist di smount. Bo iko: Cast to support , sw inging front pirouette, Diom idov, stutz, cast back upri se straddle L, Straight arm press, back som i to layaway, f ront upri se l V, tw ist front (rudo lph) dismount.

HI:! : Ma rchenko wo n w ith some unique co mb inat ions and d ismo un ted w ith a rudolph. Szajna did not hing unusual but did end w ith a double piked fl yaway wh ich he had tucked in both co mpetition s no. 1 and 2. Boiko's mount was uniqu e- -a back upri se full turn to free hip ... Keranov scra tched from high bar finals but did use a full in double flyaway in com petition s no. 1 and 2. Marchenko wound up wi nning th e most gold meda ls-- three.

Miscellaneous Observations

Th e judging was ge nera lly good --more seve re th an most internati o nal meets except for th e very poor performances--and th e Bulgar ians got the majo rit y of the breaks in competiti on no. 1. Mea ning that if th e World Championships we re in Va rn a, we would undoubted ly have o ur hands full w ith them . Th e French petitio ned that on ly o ne Bu lga rian be used per event in co mpetiti o ns nos. 2 and 3. I ag reed.

Th e you ngest male compet itor was Keranov of Bul garia at 18 years of age. He sho uld be wo rld class by 1978. Keranov was the o nl y Bulgarian in this meet to co me throu gh their youth training program w hi ch is now preva len t in all the communi st co utri es.

Almost all Europeans are using th e handguards w ith a dowel for rings. This was introduced by th e Rumanians a co upl e of yea rs ago. The handguards also conta ined a double w ri st strap w hich was first used by th e Soviet gymn asts ove r ten yea rs ago. Some of th e guards used spa nned three fin gers. And I might adu that the Sov iet girls also used w ide handguards .

j ust after competiti on no. 1, a meeting was ca ll ed by th e o rga ni ze rs to ask if anyo ne objecied to mov in g th e finals ' star tin g tim e to o ne half hou r ea rli e r to all ow for T. V. covera ge throughou t Europe. The French asked specifically in w hich countries it was to be telev ised and no o ne kn ew. Howeve r, no o ne objected.

In between the men 's and women's fin als, I was ca ll ed to a press conference along with the ch iefs of Grea t Britain and Cuba. I was questioned as to w heth er o r not the W o rld Championships shou ld be in Bulgari a. I indi ca ted our sta nu by statin g that our federation felt that all members o f th e FIG should be perm itted to take part in th e World Championships. I was asked if w hat occurred in society was no t mo re important than fo llow ing the rul es o f a spo rts federation. I indicated that the action s of th e FIG , w hich is above th at o f th e emeber federa ti o ns, had accept ed countries w ith discrimination as members and they should be the ones questined. I was asked if I thought that discrimination in South Afr ica was good. After angri ly answering, " of course not," I indi ca ted further personal thoughts about m y awareness of other countri es th at have discrimin at ion that wou ld be in the World Championships. It was a sli ght ly hea ted session ; however, th e questions ceased an d I retu rn ed to the competiti o n arena.

Two function s we re held for the chef de missions--a recept io n by the Mayo r of Va rna at City Hall and a cockta il part y at a nea rby hotel. Here we sang and da nced at th e req uest of the President of th e Bu lgar ian gymnastics fed eration. Most of th e songs we re Russian. His idea was th at music en hanced friendship.

Praise is in order for Ga il Dav is for spending numero us hou rs makin g a very attrac ti ve bann er w ith a USGF patch sewn in the ce nter. Thi s was presented to the Pres ident of th e Bulgarian Gymnastics Federation. And, a special thank yo u to Wal ter Zwicke l for donating th e warm- up suits, sh irts and leotard s that we re worn.

From the results it ca n be seen that our girls were really su per. H owever, all our gymnasts presented themselves we ll and even though not all made th eir most ou tstandin g showing, th ey all impressed many as was indi cated to me numerous tim es. This venture proved to be profitab le to USA gy mnast ics and especiall y th e gymnast in volve d.

GOLDEN SANDS INTERNATIONAl COMPETITIONVARNA MENS

All-Around 1. Szajna POL 111.325 2. Marchenko URS 110.475 3. Boiko URS 109.575 4. Keranov BUL 107.900 5. Koloko FRA 106.650 6. Paunescu RUM 106.525 7. Zoev BUL 106.475 8. Radev BUL 106.450 9. Whelan USA 106.375

10~ Bestler DDR 105.475 11 . Koytchev BUL 105.425 12. Boutet FR A 104.800 13. Grosse DDR 104.675 14. Todorov BUL 102.350

Floor Exercise: Keranov (BU L) 18.950; Bestler (DDR ) 18.500; Whelan (USA) 18.450; Szajna (PO L) 18.225; Radev (BU L) 17.950; Todorov (BU L) 17.775. Pommel Horse: Marchenko (URS) 18.300; Richards (CUB ) 18.300; Netouchil (TC H) 17.475; Koytchev (BU L) 17.025; Zoev (BUL) 16.600; Grosse (DDR) 15.675. Rings : Szajna (POL) 18.825; Marchenko (URS) 18.575; Bors (RUM ) 18.550; Boiko (U RS) 18.375; Grosse (DDR) 18.000; Radev (BUL) 17.700. Vault: Szajna (POL) 18.685; Tabak (TC H) 18.225; Paunescu (RUM) 17.825; Rade v (BUL) 17.750; Boiko (URS) 17.650; Todorov (BU L) 17.625. Parallel Bars: Marchenko (U RS) 18.725; Boiko (U RS ) 18.525; Szajna (POL) 18.450; Netouchil (TC H) 18.425; Koytchev (BU L) 17.400; Radev (BUL) 17.375. Horizontal Bar: Marchenko (URS) 18.850; Szajna (POL ) 18.800; Boiko (URS) 18.775; Koloko (FRA) 18.125; Gagnon (CAN) 17.925; Zoev (BUL) 17.775.

27

John Crosby

RIGA '74 and MOSCOW NEWS USA TEAM COMPETES IN BOTH

by Hal Frey

The U.S.G.F . received an invit at ion from th e Gymnastics Federat ion of the Soviet Un ion to participate in th e Moscow News competition anu th e Ri ga 1974 co mpetiti o n. Th ese mee ts were conducted under special rul es in w hich tea ms had three indi vid uals ente red in each event except th e host nation w hich had four.

28

MOSCOW & RIGA'74

Th e American delega tion co nsisted o f Mr. Frank Cumiskey, director of th e delega tio n and judge, men 's coac h Dr. Haro ld Frey, women 's coach Linda Metheny Mu lv ihill , and the fo ll owing compet it ors. John Crosby, Jim Ivice k, Kyle Gaynor, Debb ie Fike, and Nancy Thies.

Th e delega ti on members m et at the J.F. Kennedy airport in New York and boa rd ed the plane for Moscow th e evening of Ma rch 20th. We arrived in Moscow late on Ma rch 21st. We we re met in a reception room at the airport by Yuri Titov w ho was very kind and we were very happy to have him there to whisk us through customs. After a 15 minute bu s rid e we checked into the Ukrainian Ho tel.

We w ork ed out th e nex t day at the Sports Palace w here th e competition was to be conducted. Th e competition site was se t up sim ilar to Ol ympic type competitio ns and was quite impressive. Th e equipment was exce llent with Reuther sys tems being used in several events.

On March 23rd the men and women competed in separate sess io ns. Many of the gymnasts competi ng st il l fe lt th e ef fec ts of th e long trip and did not fare well. However th e America ns did ' a good job and Crosby and Ivice k scored more than adequately in the all arou nd. John 's perfo rmance in th e final session was se nsa tional and he surpri sed eve ryo ne w ith an o utstanding fl oo r exerci se routine and ea rn ed a 9.7 an d th e gold m edal. It was an

Debbie Fike

ex hilarating feeling to see th e Ameri ca n flag being raised for a gymnast. Th e Ameri ca n girls presented good compet it ion for th e Russian gi rl s and though the Russ ians won th e majo rit y of th e medal positi o ns it is becoming ev ident th at th e America ns are closin g th e gap.

All of th e gy mnasts and affiliat ed off icia ls were taken to Riga by train. W e had one day of training in Riga p rior to th e compet itio n. Th e city of Riga was very different fro m Moscow. The weat her was much wa rmer, th ere was more activ ity on th e streets, and th e people are quite different. Jo hn Crosby and Jim Iv ice k performed bett er in thi s meet probab ly due to better adjustm ents to the tim e zone differences. Kyle Gaynor and Debbie Fike also had excell ent competition s and placed quite well. Nancy Thi es had some difficulties with her rou tines. John agai n p laced in th e floor exe rcise w ith a silve r medal. He injured his heel in th e preliminary competition and this seemed to affect his performa nce. Kyle Gayno r pla ced second in balance beam w ith an exce ll ent exe rcise.

The Russian federa ti o n had four Ru ss ian gym nasts in each competition th ough all other nations we re restr icted to three gymnasts. Th ey also used four different gymnas ts in bo th of the competiti ons. Thi s gave th em an opportun ity to view an entire sq uad of eight gym nas ts in a rigorou s intern,niondl competition.

Th e judging was hand led by a con-tingent of primarily Ru ssian judges plus many F.I.G . ranking judges. Th ey used computers to ass ist th e judges in their compilat ion of Band C parts plus deductions. I was very impressed wi th the use of th ese elec tro nic ca lculators by th e judges.

Th e meet was staged wi th all of the po mp, ce remony, and magnitude of th e Olympics: Th e Russian Gymnasti cs Federation showed magn ifice nt effort in sta ging th e Moscow News competition. We could probab ly dup li ca te the stag ing of such an even t in th e United States but it would be extremely cost ly and it would probably be done at a loss in revenue. The Sports Pal ace was ti ed up fo r man y days, the equipment was placed on rai sed platform s, a reuther sys tem was used in floor exe rcise, and all compet itors were give n part ial travel expense to th e competition.

Th e Russian hosts had reception s fo r the officia ls of each delegat io n at both compet iti on sites. W e attended a typica l Russ ian reception in Moscow. It wa s give n by th e Moscow News ed ito rial staff. Exce ll ent cui sine with good w ine, vodka, and cav iar.

The Russian gym nas ts have improved and many of th em are using ex tremely d iffi cult d ismounts and mounts in many events. They seem to have narrowed the margi n w i th the Japa nese gymn as ts. I saw many Ru ss ian gym nas ts executing Tsukahara di smounts from the ho ri zontal bar and still rin gs. I sa w two Ru ss ian gymnasts do double ba ck wit h ful l tw ist o n fl oor exercise. I saw at least two tripl e twisting mounts o n fl oo r exercise . Th e Japanese had some new elements but no t as many. A t va ulting th ere were many attempts at


new and different vau lts. I saw roundoff back with full twi st, double front w ith Vi twist, some had ea rl y twists. The landi ng mats are not compa rab le wit h Ame ri ca n mats. Generall y they had four inches of land ing surface fo r apparatus.

I saw many coac hes of other tea ms filming the rou tin es of the American girls. I feel that the strength internat io nally is narrowing down to . the American and Ru ss ian girls. Another interest ing observation is that tho ugh o ur men have not improved substanti all y in th e opti o nal area we are ~till gett ing closer to the European countries. I believe that we are capab le of being third in th e world in opti onal exercises.

Th e competiti o ns ended with closing ceremonies . Th ese ceremoni es included th e awarding of special pr izes for va riou s gymnas ts. Th e most original routines, th e most courageous perfo rm er, th e gymnast w ith the most promise, etc.

We f lew back to Moscow prior to departing for the United States. The team members enjoyed the trip and competition. Everyone periormed quite well and gained some international experi ence. I mi ght add th at for any coaches, m an agers , o r ju dges contemplating ove rseas ass ignments on .any gymnastics competition a spea king kn owledge of French or German is ve ry helpful. I communicated w ith many Euro pean coaches and off icial s through German . I also protested in German on two occasions at th e competition when I felt th at th ere were irregulariti es in the judging o f American gymnasts.

RESULTS RIGA - '74

MEN

PLACE NAME COUNTRY 1. Ma rt she n ko, W (URS) 2. Tsukahara , M ()P ) 3. Thune, W (G DR ) 4. Hideo, K (JPN) 5. Boiko, W (U RS) 6. Safronov, W (U RS) 7. Kim Sun Din (PRK) 8. Crosby, I (USA) 9. M ikae la n, E (U RS )

10. Cue rvo, J (CU B) 12. Ivicek, I (USA)

All-Around

RIGA - '74 WO MEN

1. Gorb i k, USSR 2. Kim USSR 3. Sav ina, USSR 4. Gaynor, USA 5. Stodulkova, Czech 6. Sabei, Romani a 7. Fike, USA 8. Parshinceva, USSR 9. Bul luk, Hungary

10. Neiz, Hungary

TOTA L 56.25 56.10 55.30 55.20 55.05 55.00 54.95 54.90 54.80 54.60 54.10

37.80 37.75 37.55 36.80 36.40 36.35 36.30 36.10 36.00 35.85

MOSCOW NEWS - '74 MEN

Name cou ntry· FX PH R V 1. Klime nko, V (URS) 9.55 9.50 9.35 9.35 2. Chilmou guia, P (U RS) 9.25 9.40 9.25 9.35 3. Thu ne , W (G DR ) 9.05 9.30 9.20 9. 10 4. Tsuka hara, M (JPN ) 9.25 8.90 9.30 9.20 5. M ikaelian, R (URS) 9.00 9.35 9.45 9.40 6. Hideo, K ()PN) 9.40 8.40 9.05 9.40 7. Chtchou kin e,V (U RS) 9.05 9.20 9.50 8.80 8. Crosby, I (USA) 9.45 8.50 8.90 9.00 9. Kim Su n Din (PRK) 8.90 8.80 9.15 8.90

10. Ivicek, I (USA) 8.95 8.95 9.05 8.75

GYMNAST Ju ne/ Ju ly '74

lim Ivicek

MOSCOW NEWS-'74 WOMEN

PB HB TOTAL Place name country V UPB B FX Total 9.45 9.45 56.65 1. Grozdo, S (URS) 9.30 9.30 9.70 9.60 37.90 9.30 9.25 55.50 2. Primak, E (U RS) 9.40 9.45 9.35 9.30 37.50 9.30 9.45 55.45 3. Saad i, E (U RS) 9.30 8.35 9.50 9.70 36.85 9.40 9.40 55.45 4. Abra mova , E (U RS) 9.25 9.25 9.25 8.90 36.65 8,35 9. 15 54.70 5. Ergewa ri , M (HUN) 9.15 9.30 9.05 8.85 36.35 9.25 9.20 54.70 6. Fike, D (USA) 9.25 9.05 8.90 9.10 36.30 8.45 9. 10 54.10 7. Blagoeva, M (BU L) 9.00 9.00 9.10 9.20 36.30 8.90 9.25 54.00 8. Gaynor, K (USA) 9.10 8.85 9.05 9.25 36.25 9.20 8.95 53.90 9. Bellak, E (HUN) 9.15 9.00 9.05 9.00 36.20 9.00 9.05 53.75 10. Trantow, S (G DR) 9.00 8.80 9.00 9.25 36.05

20. Theis, N (USA) 9.10 8.90 9.00 8.85 35.25

29

Bill Mackie (centerfold photo from th e Canatiian Gvmna"ics Fetieration Bulletin. No. 4-74.)

by Lewis R. Waller CANAdiAN ChAMpioNships 1974

Canada 's gymnasts we re out in full strength for the 38th Championships at Laval University, Quebec, w here they enjoyed performing in probab ly the most ex tensi ve sports comp lex in Canada. Directing the effic ientl y run meet most was Andre Bedard with a tea m of hard wo rkin g vo lunteers getting out result sheets. Backing him up were Nationa l Techni ca l Directors Carol Anne Letheren and Francis Tall y, Judging Chairmen Valerie Nye and John Tutte.

The march-ins were impressive w ith a good musi ca l background , and a good number of full teams, many promising young jun io r gym nasts. The Quebec Girls were outstanding in their performance. Many members of the B.C. senior girl s were missing due to injuries . Girls took advantage of National Pianist Marga ret Gibbs for their floor exercises. Quebec had their own pianist, Denise Cloutier, a former gymnast returned to the fold to combine her musical ski ll s and gymnastic knowledge.

Gymnastic highlights of the meet were Karen Kelso (BC) and Al ison Howlett (Quebec) w ho both performed tw ist ing back somies in their floor routines, the first Canadian Juniors to do so! Kathy Korn of Manitoba was the fir st Canadian Junior to perform an arial wa lk-over on the beam.

When personnel for th e Scandanav ian Tour was announced, eig ht girl s were bust ing w ith excitement - Sylvie St. Laurent, Wendie Hotte, Alison Howling, Louise Boisvert, Laurie McCrae, Cathie Murphy, and Tami Kni ght.

Senior Men showed a careless attitud e, and indifference to th e fund amental s of good gymnastic form. Keith Carter w ith hi s polished

30

routines and no mistakes easil y defeated gymnasts with su perior moves w hich were missed.

Trampo linists at one en d of th e gym prov ided added color and thrills to the "show." To th e first time v iewe r th e sy nchroni zed teams were most fasc inat ing, also the fact that judges observe from a raised platform. Th e new y" inch webbing was appreciated by th e trampolini sts , as it gives a great spring w ith little effort.

I t was good to see Trampoline accep ted as part of the gymnastic family. Anne Muscat and Nancy Bonham presented their synchroni zed routin e fo ll owing the junior routines on Saturday. Th e bouncers also received th eir awards at the medal presentation ce remonies.

Modern Gymnasts D eni se Fuji wara and Doreen Chung intrigued th e audience with a very precise performance of Rhythmical work using ribbon and a ball at the senior finals.

Gymnasts comp lai ned that th e Senoh floor was too hard and too slippery. The company should be advised to modify this before the floor is placed on th e Canadian market.

38th Canadian Gymnastic Championships Senior Men - 16 competitors fro m 4 provin ces. Individual Championships: K. Carter, Ma nito ba 101.55; R. Bigras, Quebec - 99.85; J. Gagnon, Quebec -96.60. Sr. Men Team Championships: Quebec -297.30; Ontario - 272.35; Manitoba - 177.80. Junior Men - 24 compet itors from 5 provinces . (Quebec had 2 teams). Individual Championships: G. Butler, B.C. - 101.50; C. Walstrom, B.C. - 100.50; N. Menard, Qu e bec - 97.00. Jr. Men Team Champions: Quebec - 438.90; Ontario-435.05; B.C. - 362.60.

Senior Women - 12 compe titors from 4 provinces . Individual Championships: J. Diachun, Ontario 73.40; L. Arsenault, Ontario - 71.55; S. Ukamoto, Ontario - 68.85. Sr. Womens Team Champions: Ontario - 213.90; B.C. - 119.95; Quebec - 60.80. Junior Women - 31 compet ito rs from 7 provinces. Individual Championships: Sylvie St. Laurent, Que bec , - 68.20; Wendy Hotte, Que bec - 67.90; M. Parmelee, Ontario - 67.25. Jr. Womens Team Champions: Quebec - 332.60; Ontario - 319.30; B.C. - 310.50.

CANADIAN TRAMPOLINE CHAMPIONSHIPS 1974 Jun e 29,30 at Lava l Uni versit y, Quebec held wit h Gymnasti c Champions hips. Senior Women: Tara Bonham, B.C. - 63.40; Susan Randal, B.C. - 60.50; Valerie Hancock, B.C. - 60.20; Lynn Bonham, B.C. - 42.50. Junior Women: Anne Muscat, B.C. - 63.35; Nancy Bonham, B.C. - 62.30; Carla Barnes, Que bec - 60.40; Mary Ann Drinkwater, Ontario - 50.25; Christine Boisvenue, Qu ebec - 45.40. Junior Men : Tom Legree, B.C. - 62.20; Frank Neglia, Ontario - 61 .50; Scott Bridger, B.C. - 59.70; Dave Levenois, Ontario - 59.50; Bruce Danks, Ontario -57.00; Tom Green, Ontario - 54.80; AI Bessey, B.C. -50.60; Marc Brochu, Quebec - 49.20; Albert Quirconi, B.C. - 44.90; Larry Underhill, Alberta - 19.70. Senior Men: Rusty Pierce, B.C. - 64.10; Dave Ross, Ontario - 64.00; Harry Wells, Ontario - 64.00; Bob Scott, B.C. - 54.50; Steve Juhasz, Ontario - 45.00; Aaron Johnson, Ontario - 35.30.

Synchronized Competition Women's Competitions: Nancy Bonham and Anne Muscat, B.C. - 43.30; Susan Randall and Tara Bonham, B.C. - 42.10. Men's Competition: Frank Neglia and Bruce Danks, Ontario - 37.80; Tom Green and Dave Levenois, Ontario - 27.20; Dave Ross and Harry Wells, On tario-20.10; Scott Bridger and Aaron Johnson, B.C. - 19.60; Rusty Pierce and Bob Scott, B,C. - 15.00.


Diane Dunbar

by Barbara Thatcher

In 1968 Diane Dunbar was a child of nine with blonde braids, a sweet and unspoiled personality and seve ral yea rs of tumbling experi ence alrea dy behind her.

Wh en she joined the Diablo Gym Club, th at yea r, she was not considered just ano ther young gymnast, almost immediately her teamma tes, her coach Jim Gault and othe r invo lved wi th Ca li forn ia gymnasti cs seemed to sense something specia l about her. Here might be a rea l champion. Here might be a future Olympian.

Now six. years later Diane is fast app roaching th at goa l. Since her entry into Elite Compet iti on, a littl e ove r a year ago, she has ca ught the gym nastic co mmunity virtuall y unawa re. After qualifying for th e 1973 Elite Natio nals in Seatt le she wen t into th at meet as a newcomer, amo ng Olympians and past National champions, and came o ut with a seventh place fini sh in the all around.

" I d idn ' t foresee it," she says w ith the sa me naturalness which has always characterized her. "This is my first year of Elites and I was surprised to do as well as I did."

But her success at th e 1973 Elite Nationals was j~st the start. She went on, at the beginning of 1974, to take third in the Fi rst Elite Quali(ication Meet in Fullerton, California, and first all around in the Second Elite Qualification Meet in Delaware . Her international accomplishments the past year have included a trip to Japan along with Joan Rice to represent the United States in the Chunichi Cup, second all around in the official Czechoslovakia vs. USA competition and last year she was a member of the USA vs. Romani a and USA vs. China squads.

It wasn ' t all ability that he lped Diane reach the level she's at today. In fact gymnasti cs has


become essentially a way of life for her in recent years. Approximately 40 hours a week are spent in th e gym. After school she works out from 2:30 p.m. to 9:30 each evening and at least five ho urs each Saturday. Sh e utilizes this time by spending about an hour on vaulting, (last season the event she considered her best) then goes throu gh six complete optional bar routines and six complete compulsory bar routines, plus three optionals and three compulsories on floor and ten optionals and ten compulsories on beam.

Her floor routine this season is a rea l crowd pleaser. Done to music fro m " Mary Poppins" she combin es difficult tum b ling w ith a light, refreshing style o f dance. On e gymnast she particularl y admires in floor exe rcise is Nancy Thies. But of Nancy 's style she adds " Both Nancy and Janette Anderson are dancers, but I'm not, it 's ju st no t my styl e. Just this su mmer I went and work ed with Muriel Grossfeld and she rea ll y hel ped me change my styl e and I 've been working on this routine since then. "

She enjoys gymnasti cs because " You ' re always stri vi ng for perfection all th e little tenths coun t. " However she tri es not to wor ry about sco res and tenths b efo re she gets ready to compete. " Befo re I go up I go throu gh my routin e reall y fas t in my mind and th en ju st relax and do th e best I ca n."

Sho uld Diane make the World Games team this yea r, her who le fpm il y p lans to make th e trip to Munich too . Throughout her gymnas ti c ca reer th e Dunbars have been Diane's grea test fans. Ra rely, if ever, do t hey mi ss a meet and her fami ly cheer ing sect ion usuall y includes not o nl y her parents, but grandparen ts and brothers as well, it 's o bvious that they are p roud of Diane and rightly so.

On the way to th e Games, though, Diane sees a grea t d ea l of competition and expects the Eli te Na ti onal., and Fi llals Trials to be " a little hard er " than p rev io us meets. Hut rega rd less she still ha., man y wa rm memo ri es o f p as t co mpet it ion, pa rti cularl y her trip to Japan. " W e had a few prob lems w ith co nversa ti on but n ot for long and J reall y enjoyed th e trip."

A t 15, it appea rs D iane 's ca reer o n a Na tional and Internat ional leve l is just beg inning. Wat ching her perfo rm it seems she hasn ' t even start ed to reach her full potent ial as an Elite gymna.,t. And .,hould she make the World Gam es team fo r Dia ne the o ften used cliche " It couldn 't happen to a ni cer person." is very tru e.

31

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1974 NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIt'~ ModERN RitYTitMic GYMNASTics

The 1974 National M odern Rhythm ic Gy mnastic Compe tition and the M od e rn Rhyth m ic Gymnas tics judging' an'd Coaching Workshop.

On Saturday afternoon, May 25th, 1974, at the Morton West High School in Berwyn, I ll inois, the Second Nat iona l Modern Rhythmic Gymnast ics Competition took place in f ron t of a rath er disappointingly small crowd of o nl y app. 300 spectato rs. Th e fact that the competit io n was held on the Memorial Day weekend may have con tr ibuted to th e smal l number of spectato rs.

Th e cO mpetiti o n was spon so red by the United States Gymnast ics Federation w ith M ildred Prchal, Chairman of the USGF Modern Rhythm ic Gymnastics Committee, presiding, and with Mrs. Jane Jurew as the meet director. The latter did an ou tsta nd ing job of organizing the meetin g, and aft er a sl ightl y delayed start , th e competiti o n went on very smoo thl y and efficiently.

The competiti o n included Optional Jump Rope Routine fo r Six-Member groups and Individual Optional Routines in th e fo ll owi ng discipl ines:

Ba ll Ribbo n Jump Rope

Each inc:l ividual gymn as t co uld choose to enter in all three di sc ip lin es o r o n ly two of th e d isciplines listed; th e tota l sco red va lu e obtained wou ld be based on the two highest scores for each gymnas t.

A tota l o f 21 gymnasts entered the compet i ti on, wi th four of th em parti ci pat ing in group as well as indiv idual competition, and eight in group com petition only .

The perfo rmances we re in general very good and of high er ca liber than in las t year's competit io ri ; th ere is, however, a need for inclusion of more origina l ski ll s and also fo r more discriminate choice of music. Quite often the musi c chosen was poor without enough dynamic differences and tempo differences, both of which are ve ry necessa ry and importan t. Th e fac t that tapes we re used rath er than live accompaniment did not make it an y better.

Seve ral gymnasts demonstrated very f ine form, conSiderin g th e fact that mode rn rhythmic gym nas ti cs is sti l l a very yo ung sport in the United States.

by Annelis Strange Hoyman

Candace Celigoy lst AA

Only two groups entered in the group co mpetition ; co nsiderin g th at it was th e first tim e th at group exe rcises we re introdu ced in M odern Rhythmic Gymnastics Competit ion in th e United States, th e work presented looked very promising fo r th e future. As w ith ind ivid ual compositi o ns, th e choreographi ca l aspect is very impo rt ant for th e group exe rcises, and th e grou ps were g ive n two sco res, one fo r th e choreog raphy and one fo r the performance.

Th e results from the competit io n are listed below:

Gro up Exercises Place Name (Coac h) 1. University o f Illinois, Urbana (A nn e lis Hoy man ) 2. M o d e rne ttes (Nora Veye tt e)

Ind ivid ual All-Ro und Place Gym nast (Coac h) Ball Ri bbo n

1. Candace Ce ligoy (Da le Flansaas) 9. 10 9.65 2. He le n M art inez (Andrea Sch mi d) 9.40 9.30 3. Kathe rine Brym (No ra Veyett e) 9. 15 9.35 4. Patty Murph y (Dale Fl a nsaas) 8.05 9.40 5. De bbie Barda rso n (Helena Great house) 7.90 9. 15 6. Na ncy Koetke (Dale Flansaas) 8.55 9. 15 7. Kim Ha nley (Da le Flamaas) 8.70 8.70

34

Tota l Score 16.30 15.30

Rope To ta l

9.35 19.00 9.25 18.70 8.95 18.50 8.85 18.25 8.80 17.95 8.45 17.70 8.80 17.50

Th e nex t National Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics Competiti o n w ill take p lace in San Francisco in th e spr ing of 1975 with Dr. Andrea Schm id as th e m eet d irector. The competition w ill include group exercises for six gymnasts w ith 3 balls and 3 ropes, as we ll as individual compet ition in th e fo ll owing disciplines:

ball hoop ribbon clubs (with eight compu lsory

elements includ ed) An individual may parti cipate in any number

of these d iscip lines, but must be all-round (a ll fo ur event s) in o rd er to be considered for eli gib il ity for th e World Champ ionsh ips in Spain in 1975.

MODERN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS JUDGING

AND COACHING WORKSHOP

Th e M odern Rhythmic Gymnastics Judg ing and Coaching Wo rkshop wh ich was sponsored by Nort heastern Ill inoi s Un ive rsity in cooperation w ith th e Un ited States Gymnast ics Federat io n took place May 21,22, 23, 1974 at Northeastern Ill inois Un ivers ity, Chicago, Illi no is.

Mme . Kveta Cerna of Pr ag u e, Czechoslovakia , w ho is a member of th e Federat io n o f Intern ation al Gymnast ics Modern Rhythm ic Gymnastics Comm itte, an international judge, and fo rmer coach of the Czechos lovak tea m, was the specia l guest lecturer and instructor. Ass isting Mme. Cerna in teaching were H elena .Greathou se of Riverside, Ca lifo rn ia, Dr. A nd rea Schmid of San Francisco State Co ll ege and D r. Anne lis S. Hoyman of University of Ill inois, Urbana, I ll ino is.

Th e purpose of the workshop was to enab le the pa rti c ipan ts to increase their know ledge in teaching and coac hing Modern Rh ythmi c Gymnast ics, to rev iew judging techniqu es and/ or qua lify to become a judge fo r M od ern Rhyth mic Gymnastics.

The disciplines covered at the workshop were : Bal l, Exercises w it hout Hand Apparatus, Hoop, Ind ian Clubs, Jump Rope and Ribbon.

Th e exercises presented we re either basi c exercises lead ing up to exercises of medium and/ or superior difficul ty, or as in th e case of the clubs, compu lso ry elements to be used in the club ro utine fo r the next World Championships, w hi ch are to b e held in Spain in th e Fall of 1975.

A to tal of app. 30 teachers we re enro lled in th e wo rkshop. From th is group eleven were chosen to serve as judges for th e M od ern Rh ythmi c Gymnastics Competition on May 25 th . Mme. Cerna served as referee.

A special note of appreciation goes to Mme. Cerna for co nductin g th is wo rkshop and for giving to us so ge nerous ly of her time, her energy and her know ledge.

GYMNAST june/ july '74

\

I


1973 World Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships revisited through these beautiful photos taken from Dr. Gohlers Olympisch Turnkunst Magazine, which is published in Germany.

Bild oben: Krassimira Fil;Qova (Bulgarien) , Vizeweltmeisterin mit dem Reifen .

Bild rechts: Ballettreife Gruppengymnastik des Weltmeisters UdSSR.

Bild links : Originelle , fast artistische Figu r der vierfachen Deutschen Meisterin Carmen Rischer.

Bild unten : Gruppengymnastik voller Fantasie ; eine Glanzleistung von Rotterdam .

Fotos: A. Gaebele (2), Werek (1), Sve n S;mon (1)

3S

DIET THE GYMNAST - HER WEIGHT AND HER DIET

Dale Shirley advancing age and w ith th e parent 's growing The obese gi rl. We have all seen her. Heavy in lack of co ntrol over her diet. The solution to the

th e legs, arm s, buttocks, hips, bosom and problem lies in th e prevention of the prob lem. stomach. Th e obese girl gymnast resembles this Remember two or three pounds ove rweight is dscription. She is usuall y a teena ger, with poor easier to correct than five or si x pou nds physical and mental habits. She is obese overwe ight, and five or six pounds is easier to because she ea ts poo rl y and too much. She correct than 10 o r 12 pounds. You must prevent usuall y represses her prob lem and too often th e seve re increa se before it happens. The her parents are un wittingl y contribut ing to her gymn as t and her parents must not on ly be condition . O ccasionally she has emotio nal aware of th e importance of a slim bod y problems that contribute or cause her we ight appearance from a gymnastics point of view, prob lem. She is no t a happy person nor does but also ag ree to not " whitewash " th e problem she have much chance of being a happy and instead work with th e coach to find a athlet e. She wa nts to respec t hetse lf and ha ve so luti on. ot hers respect her. How ca n she expect thi s First the gyninast must be made constantly when her unsightl y appea rance, in a revea ling aware of her weight with regular weighing-in leotard , is co nstantl y be in g cr iti cized. Her bod y proced ures set up at home and in the gym. She is observed most close ly, scrutini zed by a large must be aware of increases and helped to be number o f people important in her life, ye t made aware of w hether this is normal, good or w ith different view points. Th ese bei ng her bad . Remember gymnastic we ight is d ifferent coaches, rivals and judges. Th ese people rea ll y and usually less than ave rage weight. " pick " her over, object ive ly judging her on all Rem ember that · some girl s are heavy boned, the written proper criteria bit subjecti ve ly large boned, large muscled or small muscled, critici zing her for excess weight, attitude which is going to make a significa nt difference beauty, etc. Too often a judge has sa id to me " I in evaluating a girl 's proper we ight. Sh e needs wou ld have sco red her higher, but I cou ldn 't to be given recommended training weight forget her big butL " Crude perh aps - but true limits. These limits must be adhered to and and sad. The better performance didn 't respected for th eir wort h to th e gymnast and necessa ril y w in beca use o f unsight ly her coac h. Proper nutrition is, of course, the appearance. real key to preventi on of any weight problem.

For th e yo ung girl , age 13-20, asp iring to Special d ietin g should not b e necessa ry at all , become a gymnast, for some to remain a good unless there is a medica l problem, i. e., gymnast. th eir obese condition is demorali zin g glandualr, diabetes, etc. Wh en your gymnast is to themse lves, th eir coach, th eir training and yo ung, between 6-1 2, and h er parents are able competiti ve performance. A LL TOO OFTEN to easi ly regulate her diet, there should rarely HER CONDITION IS UNRECOGNIZED OR be any weight problems, however, with the M I SU N D ERSTOOD AN D TH ER EFOR E onset of puberty and the accompa nied physical IGNORED. and mental changes, increased -independence,

The overweight gymnast presents many lack of nutritional control, and lack of parental problems to herself, her coaches, her club or influence, we ight problems sudden ly emerge. tea m, her performan ce, sa fet y, her parents and Now th e gymnast must see th e va lue for herse lf famil y life. Let us look at these pro bl ems a littl e of di sciplining her we ight and more than ever more closely. It is impo rtant to understand th at parent co ncern and encouraging support is th e overweight gymnast may not necessa ril y be needed ; support for th e coache's view point ove rweight as an average girl. She may fit and support for the gymnasts' new efforts in pound wise eas il y into height and age sca les, se lf discipline. Special dieting may become a but as an athlete jumping over, pulling herse lf must, but there are seve ral no-no's. up on to, jumping off three pieces of 1. NO "crash dieting" - thi s ca n cause seve re gymnastics apparatu s, turning her body ove r ph ys ica l and emotional problems, often backwards and forwa rds 15 to 20 tim es on each causing more harm than th e obese condit ion. piece of equipment, four to fi ve days per week, Mental depression common ly accompanies th e extra po unds ca n be di sas trous. cra sh dieting and fas ting.

For her coach w ho mu st be responsible fo r 2. NO " fasting" - some medical clinics have her safety, who must litera ll y lift her, assist her, provided satisfactory means for drast ica ll y pull her and catch her 100 to 200 tim es losing weight ; using this method, however, at (conserva ti ve ly estimated) a work out, ove r and home it is extremely dangerous. between 2 - 3 pieces o f apparatus, obese extra 3. NO " macro-biotic" dieting or other similar we ight ca n be frightening and dangerous. On extreme methods of los ing we ight. many occasions an injury to a coach or a 4. NO losing more than 2 pounds per week, gymnast ca n be direc tly attributed to the no matter how proper th e diet might be. problem of being ove rweight. Th e fault li es in a 5. NO seve re fighting w ith coac hes and coach who is wi lling to work a skill or a routin e parents about weight o r dieting; th e emotional with an ove rweight gymnast and thu s confli cts are not worth it. contribute indirectly to the ir own injury, or to REMEMBER!! PARENTS, INSTRUCTORS, the girl 's injury. Too o ften th e parent eith er GYMNASTS. innocentl y or not caringly pl aces her 1. Set up a regular weighing-in procedure. overweight gymnast in the gumnasium a_nd 2. Follow sound nutritional advice. thus indirectl y contributes to an injury. Even 3. Don ' t ignore small weight problems. more fru strating is th e p eriod of time she sees 4. Don 't " whitewash" reasons w hy yo u are herself fall behind her gymn as t fri ends. Sh e gaining weight. becomes discouraged and a disil lu siqnecL _ .5. Follow th e coac~~ sug gest ions athlet e and for her coac h th e sa me ca n happen'. concerning weight limits.

The gymnast and her we ight ca n Slowly, but 6. A heavy gi rl is dangero us to herse lf and her surely, become a prob lem, almost alwa ys w ith coach.

36

Forward ? ~ Aerial Walkovers { ~ (Another look) ~

by Peter Riddell, Darwin, Australia

I reckon that Dan Speraw and Renee Hendershott had a couple of misses in their (G YMNAST, Feb. 1973) article on w hat makes an aer ial front wa lkover wo rk.

First off: I am conv inced that there was ca rel essness in the tracing of the sequence movie fram es o f the tri ck from Frank Endo's

I World Games film. Th ese show th e performer airborne by frame five... i.e. BEFORE the leading leg had reached its maximum se paration from the pu sh-off leg. Had thi s in fact happened the gymnast's aeria l wou ld ha ve under-rotat ed. WHY ?

Well , sure enough, th e w riters correctly attribute the back-upward kickin g lead leg as causing th e trick 's rotation. But timing 's the name of th e game. And such an effect of transferred angular momentum is only achieved IF the body still has contact with the ground. Th at is: the max imum degree of split any performer is going to kick into in this tri ck must be reached while th e push-off foot is still shoving. Though preferabl y onl y just before lift-off.

And here, of course, li es th e reason for th e need to swiftl y throw the torso close to th e push-off leg in a bobby-pin shape. Only thu s CAN the lead leg REACH a good split. A fraction before th at punching foo t leaves th e ground th e gymnast must be in a momentary standing split (or needle).

Should th e lead leg still be moving toward s its max imum separation AFTER lift-off, its so le effect w ill be a reaction in th e opposite direction of some other part of th e body. In thi s case the torso. A wonderfu l back whip may be effected, but litt le or no rotation in th e required direction. An y slight rotat io n wi ll be' from other ca uses ... propping effect, eccentri c coupling etc.

Secondly: OF COURSE lea ning down/ forwards into thi s trick rather than doubling th e body in hard to the leg does have th e effeclmentioned of th e thrusting leg being unable to prope l the body as vertically as necessa ry. But just as serious is th e aforementioned fact that max imum leg separation will almost certa inl y occur too late to do its job. Just try doing a standin g split with th e torso not much below horizontal. ...

So for an energeti c hurdle, girl s, to let th e push-off leg rea ll y push, but also concentrate on getting the body down close to allow that leg up as swiftly as you can. See if yo u ca n crack a co upl e of ribs against your kn ee ! Hea d starting to go ba ck AS you throw down with th e torso doubled.

And if anybody wis hes to check for a bit of proof of my statements, I commend them to a fram e-by-frame study of every side-on seen front aer ial in th e floor exe rc ises both of Endo 's Mexico and Munich women's 'finals film s. Check them on a Super 8mm edito r/ v iewer as I have. And you' ll not find a sing le aerial forward walkover where the thrusting toes are not st ill in floor co ntact at th e moment when th e ma ximum leg s'plit achi eved IS ach ieved.


Teaching learning disability children how to jump on trampoline

I CAN'T do A SEATdROP ! A trampoline program lor children

with learning disabilities

by Natalie Bee rs

" Sw ing th e ba ll oons hi gh ... jum p w ith yo ur eyes shut.. hop on o ne loot. "

Th ese commands are no t th e co nve nti o nal instru cti o ns hea rd in th e trampo line class . Ye t, as we know, all ch il d ren perform at d iffe ren t levels; and l or some ch il d ren simp le bouncing is a considerably d iff icul t leat. The t raditi o nal exercises and stunt s such as sea t-drops, swivelhips, and va ri ous Ilips ca n no t be eas il y mas tered by all stu dents in a t ra mpo line c lass. In a typ ica l schoolroo m class of li fteen students, at leas t o ne w ill have such a pro blem on a trampoline. Th is ch il d no t on ly fa il s at the tas ks at hand, he is exceedi ngly hype ractive ahd d istrac tabl e. He is f requentl y th e class " troublemaker."

However, thi s labe l may be a misno mer. These chil dren, w ho ca n be picked out in any classroo m, actually have a lea rnin g disab ili ty w hi ch ca n impede th eir mo tor development as we ll as affect ing academ ic perfo rma nce. Beca use of th eir inadequate mo to r deve lopment , w hi ch results in coordinati on, strength , flex ibility, and ba lance pro blems, th e t rampo li ne instructo r must be awa re of th e label " lea rnin g d isa bili ty " and be able to recog ni ze the many impl ica tio ns o f the te rm in hi s wo rk w ith th ese youngs ters. If th e t ram po line prog ram is adap ted to meet th e needs o f th e lea rnin g di sab ility child , he ca n grea tl y benef it fr o m it.

How then, ca n we co nst ru ct a prog ram fo r the uncoo rd inated chil d who has a learn ing d isa bilit y? First, i t is necessa ry to understand how an LD child behaves and w here his majo r d if ficulti es lie .

Children w ith lea rnin g di sab iliti es are no t retarded. Th ey are of average o r above ave rage intelli gence, but o ft en fun ct ion poo rl y at pe rcep tu al-motor tasks. They have adequate vision, hea ri ng and emo ti o nal adj ustment. The chil d is also free from phys ica l hand ica ps. However, an LD child perfo rms insu ff icientl y in hi s academic end eavo rs, is hype racti ve, has


poo r balance, has tro ub le co ntro lling hi s impulses, and lacks muscl e co ntro l.

Beca use of these characteri sti cs, many of w hich invo lve movement, ba lance, and muscle deve lopment , a specially adapted p rogram of instru cti on on th e trampo li ne aids th em in defi cient areas.

Ga ining bett er ba lance and postu re are part o f any trampo line class, but are especiall y impo rtant for a lea rn ing d isab ilit y group. Th e ch il d should f irs t wa lk around th e edge, th en forwa rd and backward, and fin all y o n hands and kn ees discovering th e give o f th e canvas. He may try lea ning like a tree blow ing in th e w ind, or ro ll like a ba ll tryin g always to maintain hi s ba lance. Nothing is m ore important o n th e t rampo line th an ba la nce w hil e bou ncing. Th e chil d should fi rs t be bounced by the teacher w hil e sitt ing down, next w hil e stand ing up, and f inall y be all owed to bounce by himself. If he has ex treme d iff iculty w ith thi s, ho ld ing o nto a towe l o r the instru cto r's hand may help. Games are good ways to increase th e d ri ve of such yo ungste rs, and are easil y adapted to pro mo te ba lance. Red- ligh t, green-li ght , th e Bunn yhop, Pop goes the Weasel, or th e Mex ica n Hat Da nce w ill add fun to develo ping balance.

Af ter th e chil d ren ca n do sim ple bo uncing, mo re co mplex stu nts ca n be introduced. Ca n th e child jump o n o ne foot and th en th e other? Can he cl ap his hands or sw ing h is arms w hil e bou ncing? Ba lloons ca n foster awa reness o f th e up and down moti on of the arms (by fo rcing arms to be th rown ove r head and brough t down to make ba ll oons fl y.) A game of " Simo n Says" w ill ho ld att enti o n better w hil e they are lea rnin g a new acti vity: " Simo n Says jump w ith fee t apart , ju mp w ith fee t together." Tasks and ga mes such as these are good fo r lea rnin g disab ilit y chil d ren since they can succeed. Encourage this success to deve lo p th eir confidence ill themselves and th eir bodies.

Th e trampo line cla ss ca n help an LD yo un gs t e r deve lo p b ody awa re n ess, knowledge of th e body pa rt s and a co rrec t image of hi mself. He fee ls most th at pa rt w hich hit s the ca nvas firs t, and co nsequentl y becomes aware of it. Th e seat-dro p ackn owledges th e sea t, a kn ee-d rop th e knees and a frontd rop th e fro nt side. Th e child rea li zes he has a

Fight and le ft side and a back and a front si de. Tr icks to foster lea rn ing of specifi c par ts o f the body ca n eas il y be ada pt ed to th e trampoline too. The famili ar stradd le jump and the tu ck jump ca n be re named th e toe- touch jump and th e knee-hu g jump.

In add iti o n, th e tra mpol ine ca n help the ch il d see himself in relati on to his environment. Th e fee ling of being th rown upwa rd and pull ed downwa rd is a fee lin g t ra mpo line enthu sias ts take fo r g rant ed, but many LD children have

neve r jumped up. Wh en th ey beco me airborne on th e trampoline, th ese children deve lop a concept of themse lves as separa te from th e wo rld around .

Frequ entl y, it is hard for lea rnin g di sa bilit y stu dents to jump w here th ey are instru cted . Th ey need to deve lop spacial or ientati on in th e space surrounding th em. A sim ple aid to g ive visual gu idelines for an uncont ro lled jumper is a bri ght co lo red squ are made fro m tape in th e ce nter o f the mat. Each member o f the class should also be all owed to get o n th e trampoline apparatus by himse lf, otherw ise he will be un sure of how high he is. Th e instructor can o ffer ass istance, but' th e teacher who lifts hi s stu dent up is takin g away a lea rnin g experien ce

Since many leJrning d isab ility children have d iso rga ni zed behav io r due to d isa biliti es in co nn ec tin g and se qu e n c in g eve nt s, perfo rmin g rou tin es o n th e tram po lin e ca n he lp th em in orga ni zin g behav ior. The commo n game of " Ad d- a-t r ick " i s adva ntageous for the m. Th e ch il d mu st pay ca reful att en tio n to each prev ious tri ck, o rga ni ze th em, and th en add h is own.

Th e tram po line teacher sho uld unde rstand that many lea rni ng d isa bili ty chil dren have d iff icult ies in processi ng in fo rm ati on. Some may have auditory d isc ri mi nation problems. They may hea r the d irec ti o n, "Do a back d rop," but be unabl e to pu t the soumis th ey hea r into a mea ningful sent ence . rh e result may be a fro nt drop. To help such a chil d, a sti ck fi gure drawing of a back drop ca n aid the stud ent. Ro utin es C,1I 1 be illustrated too , and th e chi ld wi ll lea rn to perfo rm sequences in th is ma nner. a red and green visual cue ca n be adap ted to th e Red-li ght , Gree n- li ght game to make th e signals more ex pli cit fo r th ese chil d ren.

Perhaps th e mos t im po rt ant by-p rodu ct o f teaching tra mpo li ne act iv iti es to chi ld ren w ith th is lea fll ing prob lem is th e social and psycho log ical impact it ca n have. By beg inning w ith very bas ic ski l ls the chil d ren are able to deve lop d pos itive self-co ncep t. When th e ca ref ul illS tructo r p ld ns a n exe rcise th e ch i Id ren can perform, for th e firs t t ime, they may grasp th e mea ning of success. The emph as is, therefore, should be on lead-up ac ti vities, and a developmenta l sequ ence of exe rcises, rath er than the gymndst ic sk ill. 1 hi s w ill give th e clumsy boy o r girl , w hose fri ends make fun of th em, w ho is di sliked by others, and chose n last fo r ga mes, a chance to pla y instead of wa t ch. In line w ith thi s, th e chil d ren sho uld be impo rtant in th e spottin g process. Th ey lea rn sa fety techniques as well as beco min g a part of th e group,

Somethin g we are awa re of as trampo line instru cto rs, is th e benefit th e trampo line is to genera l fitness, w hil e co ntri bu ti ng to stre ngth , endu rance, and awareness. Mos t yo ungsters run and p lay, getti ng al l the st renuous exe rcise they need, but a lea rnin g d isab i li ty chil d w ho lacks the conf idence in hi s body 's abilit y to perfo rm, ce rtainl y ca n benefit f ro m thi s t rampo line exper ience.

37

Mrs. Renee P. Hendershott 17605 Fries Avenue

Lakewood, Ohio 44107

news 'n notes

'" 'c: ~

E o ~

SOME INTERESTING DATA ON OUR TOP TWENTY WOMEN

Renee P. Hendershott When a large national meet is held , every

gymnast is asked to fill out a form which asks her quite a number of questions about herself. From these data sheets the public relations staff at the meet site can compose material to be used for loca l publicity of the meet. We have this data from the Second Qualifying Trial for the 1974 Elites held in Delaware in March. Fourteen of the top twenty (ranked as they went into the 1974 Elites) were at thi s C:ompetition. From this data we have gleaned some interesting generalizations.

Only three out of the 14 women started gymnastics under the age of 10. One started as early as six and another as late as 16! They are both top contenders for the World Games team and are both married.

It took most of them five to six yea rs to get where they are at this point. The extremes were as little as three years and as man y as 13 yea rs. (This one was on our last olympic team .)

Almost all of them feel that beam is the most difficult event, because of the difficulty in "staying on the darn thing," as one so humorously put it , and the " fear factor" .

Four stated that they practice three to five hours per day plus extra impromptu sessions. The rest work fi ve to seven hours per day.

Their hobbies range from " nothing but gymnastics" to football! Most of them enjoy dance, swimming, diving, bike riding,' and other active hobbies. It is suprising that some of them termed dance as a hobby since it is an important integral and inseparable part of gymnastics.

The reasons given for being in gymnastics were unanimous: They like it! They like to travel and meet new people, find it a challenging and exciting sport, and feel that it has forced them to learn to lead an organized and disciplined life.

What do they want to do with their lives in the future? Most of them seem to be so busy that they have not thought thi s out. A few want to coach, and a few want to be happy homemakers. One has her eyes on an acting career, and another is thinking about becoming a nurse.

Their advice to young gymnasts? WORK HARD! Don 't get angry at yourself. Keep

38

patiently and methodically working along. Lea rn from yo ur mistakes. Watch your weight. Work on becoming th e best gymnast that YOU can be, and do it all because YOU love it. .. NOT because someone is behind yo u PUSHING!

WHY ARE THERE SO MANY NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RATED JUDGES FROM NEW

YORK? by Linda Chencinski

I have often been asked this question as there are 13 National rated judges and at least 21 Regional rated judges from New York. There is a very simple answer and this is POPULATION; most of the judges are from the_metropolitan New York area and ALL the National rated judges are from Long Island. However, if you look a little closer you will find there has been a great deal of effort expended in the development of gymnastics on Long Island. A more complete answer to the question lies in the history and development of gymnastics on Long Island. ,

People first became interested in gymnastics on Long Island around 1959-60 due almost solely to the efforts of one man - DON WILDEROTER. Don instructed at clinics set up at various high schools on Long Island to generate a growing interest. At that time there were very few coaches or high school teachers who knew what a set of uneve ns looked like -no less what to do with them. However, the teachers were dedicated to the students and spent hour on hour trying to learn how to help the aspiring gymnasts. (Mind yo u - all this was being done without financial reimbursement). The clinics were usually for teachers who could bring several students to work with. Don would explain the technique and principles involved in the skill, how to spot it , what errors occurred and why, and how to combine the skill with other moves.

Gymnastics began to develop and a need for judges was apparent. At this time the AAU was the governing body for gymnastics and Don was the Women 's Chairman. An established method for training judges and certifying them had not yet been created. The coaches and interested parents began learning how to judge as Don presented the beginning judging courses. Long Island was becoming a center for gymnastics, with national meets and exhibitions being held at the Merchant Marine Academy yearly. From the first group of judges came three National rated officials - Joan Smith , Becky King and Lee Warbel.

A s gymnastics continued to grow, more and more people became invo lved and helped with clinics and courses. Being organizationally minded, Don established the MET AAU Women 's GymnasticCommittee. The chairman of the committee was responsible for running AAU meets and the Technical Chairman was responsible for judging matters.

Until approximately 1965 Don had conducted most of the clinics and all of the judging courses almost entirely single-handed.

Enter Marilyn Schnaars, Pennsylvania gymnast! Marilyn was fresh out of West Chester College, had competed for West Chester and had an enthusiastic love for gymnastics. Don asked Marilyn to be T.e. and with hi s help Marilyn became a very active National AAU judge bringing back experiences and information to Long Island.

All AAU work was volunteer including th e judging. Thi s being the case, these judges were sincerely interested in gymnastics and wanted

to learn at every opportunity. Therefore, an apprentice judging arrangement was established.

First the prospective judge had to pass a written exam of questions involving deduct ions and technique - similar to a written DGWS-USGF exa m. All the judges had to wa lk through the compulsory exercises and understand the written test. The practical exam was based on four or fi ve routines w ith a panel of Na tional judges to compare sco res to. Once the prospective judge had passed both parts she underwent a judging apprenticeship. This consisted of judging three to four AAU meets consisting of compulso ries and optionals with a rated experienced judge who could guide her and help explain problems. After this apprenticeship which usually la sted one yea r, she was certified as a local judge.

Marilyn became chairman for MET AAU and I took over as T.e. and began giving AAU judging courses in Nassau and Queens. Most of the development of Suffolk County was under the direction of Marilyn Cross w ho had also received her Nat ional rating through Don 's training. From one perso n's efforts th ere were now three Nationally rated, active judges training clinicians. .

Until about two years ago the only va lid rating for Long Island was MET AAU as these were the most experienced people. Then DGWS- USGF became very popular and all of the DGWS Boards required a judge to have a DGWS-USGF rating in order to judge high school meets. At this point there we re approximately 20 rated AAU judges w ith fo ur National ratings.

In the past two yea rs, the MET AAU rating has given way to the DGWS-USGF system because USGF is now the governing body for gymnastics. With this sys tem and the already established National judges many people have been able to pass the rating exam.

It is interesting to note just how much enthusiasm and interes t one person ca n generate; and how thi s enthusiasm and love for the sport can be multiplied.

Dear Mrs. Hendershott , We read with interest your artic les in

" Gymnast"" magazine. Our g irls both participate in gymnastics with the Lexington Gym Club and on their school teams. Our oldest girl is a junior in high school so we are beginning to think about where she wi ll attend college. She is a nxious to continue her gymnastics with college competition and we a re at a loss as to where to find inform ation on co ll eges with girls gymnastics teams . Cou ld you help us with som e kind of a li st of such schools or is there some other place with thi s information?

We are interested in the South or East sections and a school that is n't too big. Your article on Georgia College in the January issue of "' Gymnast" was ve ry interesting and encouraged us to write to you for thi s information. Some of the colleges we have wondered about a re Buller in Indianapoli s , Ind., Stephens in Columbi a , Mo. , TCU in Fort Worth , Tex .. Newcomb in New Orleans , La. , Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Va. , a nd SM U in Dallas, Tex.

Thank you for cons idering our request a nd any help will be appreciated. Sincerely Marjori e Polites Lexington , Ky.

O.K. College coaches, people arc asking about yo u. Let's hear from you. Look in January issue for a guide as to what gymnasts and parents want to know. Send your writings to: Renee P. Hendershott, 17605 Fries Ave., Lakewood, Ohio 44107.


ShORT~AND FOR UNEVEN BAR S Renee P. Hendershott

Hock swing position

Rear lying hand

Free Iront support

Front support

u Rear support

4 Seat circle position

Straddle sole support

Q Stoop sole support

~squat to feet on bar

Long hang on HB

/ Glide

A Handstand

Astraddle

~ C- Straddle cut catch

/x Straddle cut

~ J Straddle over to ~ rear lying hang

Co Catch

u V o ¢

Circle forward

Circle backward

3600 turn

y, turn


6) Hock circle Drop

f1B in

....

,

Low Bar faci ng in "T

Front hip circle LB facing out HB out

, Front seat circle Back uprise

Underswing

Push away

Front straddle sole ci rcle Front flip

(as for pushaway from front support to glide)

Stoop thru - With A Straddle

Squat thru

k Kip -C To

Leg Circle U. Eagle catch :11 Repeat

Back hip circle r Fake eagle catch .5 extra swing

Back seat circle 5Y Back flip

Back straddle sole circle

~: Double leg iam

Bar Drill:

Squat thru to rear support

Thigh roll from rear support to Iront support

-0

~

Id

"

Over

Rear kip

Hecht

Vault type mount

tnterruption in rhythm

with .1 or .2 deduction

X • .1.

Other type of extra preparatory move getting

.1, .2, or .3 deduction

In long form : LB fac ing o ut ; g lid e, double leg shoot to rea r support , kip to HB cas t to wrap (rota te) LB , pusha way. Re pea t entire sequenc3 fi ve times .

Notated:

Coacli's notation On gymnast's routine: She va ults over LB facing in to catch HB, kips to handstand o n HB, does ha lf turn , wraps LB to eag le ca tch, drop glide kip to front flip between bars to catch HB fa cing in . She does not extend he r glides, has sli ghtl y low amplitud e o n eag le , and a sli ght leg bend o n flip.

Both gymnast and coach ha ve simple, short reco rd of the contents of her routin e and the gymnast has something positive to do to improve her performance. The ded uctio ns ca n be mark ed out as the gymnast corrects each area.

Judges: You can make fl ash ca rds with each move in th e code notat ed on a ca rd . Yo u ca n stud y you r d ifficu lti es thi s way. If yo u ca n write fast e no ugh yo u ca n eve n judge this wa y and ha ve a good record at th e end.

39

Main GYM AT.Denve r School of Gymnastics home of the Hills Angels.

Hills Angels Team, coached by Rod Hill

40

Hill's Angels Th e Denve r Schoo l o f Gymnasti c for Girl s

was founded in Denver in th e Augu st o f 1968. Th e present facilit y is located in Wheatridge, Co lorado. The intended purpose of th e schoo l is to give gir ls a chance at an athl eti c endeave r.

Th e present building is th e largest girls training ce nter in th e wo rld. Coach es from Czechos lovak ia, Ro mania, Japan , Austral ia etc. , have visited th e building and all state th ey ha ve seen nothing like it. Th e bui lding is 20,000 square feet. It has th e main gym, a parents· room , a secretar ial o ffi ce for Coa ch Hill , a large darkroom, girls' roo m wi th a steam bath , sa una , sunken tub with wh irl pool ; a men's room, and a kit chen. Included o n th e seco nd floo r are li ving quarters fo r Rod and Debb ie, a team room, and two do rmitory rooms in w hich gymna sts li ve, if th ey so choose, as th ey train at th e school.

Th e gym is bea utifully eq uipped w ith its two A meri ca n ca rpeted free exerc ise pads and one At las Pad alo ng w ith their thirt een se ts of un even !;lars, mostl y GymMaster and Ameri ca n, 22 ba lance b ea ms o f eve ry make, four va ulting horses, 16 ru ether board s, 1 trampoline, 10 landing mats, 1 crash pad and


sea t ing for over 1,000. Futu re plan s within the year include th e insta ll ation of a swimming pool for th e girl s' use.

Since 1968, the club has won 6 stra ight Co lorado State Gymnastic Ti tles. Th ey have won three Reg iona ls and Two Nationa l Champ io nships. In 1973 the tea m was th e j un ior Nationa l Champ io ns of th e Un ited States. In 1972 th ey were second as th ey were in 1974. In 1974, the team becam e the se n io r Na ti ona l Champ ions. The team has won eve ry Phi li ps 66 Championsh ips th ey have entered; they are th e 1973 Winston ett e Champion s in Toronto, Canada. Th ey are th e prese nt PanAmeri can jun ior Champions. There are many many more tea m tit les, as attested by th e 80 or so trophi es d isp layed in thei r gym.

The tea m keeps up a ve ry hard competiti ve schedu le. In six yea rs, th e tea m has won eight y dual meets and lost six. The junior tea m has never known defea t. Counti ng the ent ire program of Beg inners, Intermedi ates, and Eli tes (360 girl s), the club part icipates in abou t sixty m ee ts a year, so that th ere is somethi ng fo r eve ryo ne. Las t yea r H i ll 's Angels competed aga inst th e Rumanian Nationa l team and lost by 3Vl points. This yea r they compet ed aga inst Czechoslovak ian Nat ional tea m and lost by 1 V, po ints.

Each year incl udes a tr ip to Europe. In 1973, th e tea m traveled th ro ughout the co nt inent competing in Sweden and Eng land before a res t stop in Ha wa ii. Rod and hi s girls have plan s for fi ve week tou r through Europe in june. They wi ll become the fi rst Ameri ca n club to compete in a Communist Na ti o n as compet ition is sc hed ul ed in Ruman ia and twi ce in Czechos lovak ia. The tea m will then go on to compete in England befo re a tour th roug h every count ry in Europe except Po rtuga l.

In Sept ember the club has been invited to

compete in japan. The gi rls are due to compete in four meets during their stay in japan includ ing the junior Worl d Champ ionships. Th e band will be gone fo r a tota l of six weeks spend ing the last week in Hawa ii .

At th e present tim e the team has been in 43 states of th e Union and in 23 foreign countries.

The school runs a summer camp and a Chri stmas Cli nic each year. At the Christma s Cli ni c th ere have alwa ys been present 3 to 5 O lympic coaches or O lym pians. It has always been stated that th is is the best Clini c in th e nation. The reaso n fo r thi s is that they do not all ow more than 100 to enro ll maintaining a rati o of about ten to o ne, and th e qualit y o f instru ction is excel len t. Its pu rpose is to ha ve each girl go back feeling that she has accomplished a great deal.

Rod Hi ll , th e owner and head coach, is th e author of the first fi ctional nove l on Womens Gymna st ics, tit led, I Want Gold.

Rene Hack, Denver Scho.o. l o. f Gymnasti cs.


8 year Did Debbie Parrish, as Raggedy Ann in year's Carter Gymnastics Extravaganza.

Beth Rayno.r, 13, o.f Carter's Gymnastics Scho.o.l in a dro.p glide fro.m eagle ca tch.

Gymnastic

Extravaganza

Carter Gymn as ti cs School Panama City, Flo rida by Marialice Carter

Editor's Note: The fo llowing p aragraph s are exce rpts from a lett er Mrs. Ca rter wrote concerning her schools annual gymn asti c show. We fel t it might inspire other clubs to present similar productions and give th e public an opportunity to see gymnas ti cs in a noncompetitive way.

" Thi s show or ex hibition has been an ann ual affai r for f ive yea rs. Each year att endan ce improves; and it becomes mo re and mo re popu lar. We find that ex hibiti ons, of sho rt durat ion , do wonders fo r the sport to get th e publ ic out - - but we ge t th em out much bell er th an we do just to view competitio n -- becau se the best of th e competiti ve yea r is co ndensed into one exfravagant ·productio n.

Many of ou r fri ends, w ho run str ictl y co mpetiti ve prog ram s, are ama zed, pu zz led , and sometim es f labbergasted at th ese performa nces. We have taken gymnasti cs ou t of the gym and adapt ed it to the stage and th ea ter. To my knowledge, we are th e first and

Mary Malo.y, 13, perfo.rms a dro.p glide o.n the sho. rt side o. f the bar.

onl y program to give exhib iti ons in th is particular manner. W e inco rpo rate ba ll et and gymnasti cs in tales such as" Pete r and th e Wolf " and th en present our se ri o us bal let stud ents in ball et numbers. Our top competitors thrill th e audience wi th th eir routines and as a resu l t we interes t many in th e competiti ve aspect of th e sport. The show is a change of pa ce and brea k in rout ine for our co mpetitors and a needed outle t lor our ot her student s w ho do no t co mpete.

Th e show ta kes two months of preparati o n; choosing music, leJrni ng routi nes, d esigning costum es, and bu i ld ing scenery. yve' re pro ud of th e quality of the p roduction and the fact th at eve ryone of us must rea ll y pu l l togeth er to make th e whole a success. Th is is a source o f grea t sa ti sfa cti o n and pride for us all , age fi ve on up.

The head coach 's name is Ro nald Ca rt er - we ca n 't forge t him - he plays a grandfath e r, a cowboy, and d clow n thi s yea r. Scho larship w inners are se nt to Ca mp Ol ympia, M cCa l l Cree k, Mi ss . <I lld Hall o f Fame, St. Leo , Flo rid a -w inn ers are <I nno unced as a surp ri se th e last ni ght of th e perfo rmdn ce ."

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o a ~ c ! E ~ by Patricia A. Gause :::J)

guide tom

The question that keeps coming up this time of year is camp. Camps for gymnastics have become more numerous in recent years which is an advantage to the girls wishing to attend. The type of camp and its location that your daughter selects is the important thing and depends upon her and your pocketbook.

Some camps run the whole summer and have a wide variety of activities for the camper aside from gymnastics. A gymnast can take longer stay at a camp of this nature and is just right for some girls.

There are also " burn out" camps available where the days are spent in really going at gymnastics and the night - time activities are fun activities and relaxing. These " burn out" camps are short duration and a girl should not go for more then one session. The name is just . what it implies. One thing the camper will do at this type of camp is come home with new skills and a lot of sore muscles, but ready to go and use her skills.

One of the important things for a parent to look for in a camp is the type of staffing and equipment the camp provides. Many times the staff are well known gymnasts themselves or are people that work with or have clubs of their own that ha ve a good reputation. Luxury accommodations are not necessaril y the sign of a good camp or a good camping experience. Ask around, take a look at the material different camps provid e, talk with the people that are running the camp, sign your daughter up and relax. Kids always seem to have a good time at camp if they go for the right reasons.

One Camp Director-Coach, Tom Proulx of the Owego Scamps, said it best in his article, " A Camper. "

" Immediatel y following that period known as school an incredible creature known as a camper appears on the scene. Campers come in various si zes - small, medium, and " egad , how did that happen! "

A camper is a rare combination of natural freshness, alarming frankness, unpredictable thoughts and actions, tangled hair, boisterous bell y laughs, and unbelievable sincerity and enthusiams.

Campers are found everywhere - in cabins, lagging behind on the trail, horsing around on the equipment when they are not suppose to, hanging by her legs from an overhanging

branch, sticking with their house mother while she tries to get her work done, diving under the raft, squeezing furry animals necks, running away from camp, moping around from homesickness, and on especially hot days hanging on the neck of their favorite instructor or counselor.

Campers are an endless source of information. They know way ahead of everyone else in camp the names of the older. girls boy friends, what each counselor does in her free time, and what counseling technique the house mother will tryon them next.

A camper is innocence with mud on her face, a ball of enthusiams rolled up in a camp T-shirt and blue jeans, bermuda shorts with a bashful smile, a sun-tanned personality with problems.

Just so you can remember her every minute of the day, she sings in a high-pitched voice, makes noises like the mating of a bull moose, flaps her wings like a hawk, throws a temper tantrum occasionally, playfully pushes her best buddy over a tree stump, gets herself stung by an angry bee, cuts her finger, blisters her feet, or becomes an entanglement of mixed emotions which finds release in a good oldfashioned fist fight or crying jag.

A camper is a composite of many things - the curiosity and playfullness of a young puppy, the suspicion of an alley-cat and the imagination of a Greenwich Village art student.

She likes animals of any size, shape or description, to chew three pieces of bubble gum at a time, to be captain of the team (any team), to get dressed up at any hour ol.the day or night like an Indian or a Pirate, and to listen for her name at mail call.

Nobody can spend as much time eating, exploring the edge of the lake, fighting at the table, getting her camp duties done, or just doing nothing. She dislikes rest hour, carrying her luggage, keeping clean, changing her clothes, going to bed and getting up in the morning. Nobody can laugh so hard or cry so easily as a camper.

A camper is a magical creature, possessing two arms, two legs, a head and torso, all bursting with the breath of life. All anxious to explore the camp, house mothers and instructors, most of which is attempted the first hour in camp. An when the last note of taps sounds and she is lying in her sleeping bag looking up at you there is nothing in the world like thilt feeling of knowing that this camper is a real friend who wants your guidance and who has spent a truly wonderful day with you.

Tom is right. That is what camp is all about!


helen's Helen Sjursen

11) o t

o Jump to handstand from stand on LO

'-CD C '-o u

o

Olga Korbut had one o utstand in g trick w hi ch she capita li zed on in th e bars even t w ith the same basic tri c k used in her beam routine and floor exe rcise rou ti ne. This one trick made her. It has always been my op inion from vears back th at a compet i t ive gymnast sho uld include in her rout ine, at least one outs tanding trick no o ne else is doing.

The " handstand fu ll p irouette" done on the High Bar m ay be a chall enge for some one to perfect and use in th eir uneven bar routine.

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SOMEThiNG NEW

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a o

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For some practice, a long bar can be made o ut of a pipe (or other sui tab le material) raised sli gh tl y off the f loor. Kick to a handstand and proceed to a pirouette. Practice two full pirouettes in a row at least, for home practice, or better yet try pirouetting across the ent ire length of the bar for ext ra practice in body balance cont rol.

Try to keep the hand grasps as c lose as possible on p irouett ing so that when you finally do one p irouette in the routine, yo u wo n' t ·be too off center when descend ing.

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o~p?r1uniI Y. Rates arc 201l per word for the fir st 25 words ($5.00 nlllllrnU,I1l) a ,~d 10q for each additional word. (Ads arc accepted at the discretion of the publisher). Check o r money order must Jcc,olllJ?any copy all~ be received prior to the closing date, whICh IS the 10lh 01 the month preceding issue date. Send orde rs 10 Classif ie d Dcpl.. " GYMNAST " Maga zin e. P.O. Box 110. Sa ll !,l /" Ioniea . CA 90406. Enclosed is In)' ad.

POSITION NEEDED College Coaches - husband and w ife -seeking new opportuniti es in gymnastics. Contact: Gerry Cal er, 120 Me),e r Road #605 , ArnherSl, Y 14226. (716) 834-8740. POSITION AVAILABLE Gymnas lies Inslrue lor al Phys ical Fi tn ess Stud io, full o r pari - lime b ut permanent. All ages, but nol competit ive gymnastics. Beverl y Hill s. Phone 655-4040.

POSITION AVAILABLE Nee ded exper ienced coac h 10 lake over es ta blished gi rl s private gym nastics club. Small investment. Also p ossib ilit y of part- time co ll ege teaching and coaching. For details w rit e Andrew Dainis, cl o Lake wood i~5~492"9 Chapel Hill Rd. , Durham , C 27707 or ca ll (919)

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY . Wanle d : Wholesa le distribulors of gymnasti c apparel and accessories. Also related ite ms for gym shop. Se nd detail s and term s to J. Pime ntal , S. R. ;;60, ewbu ry, MA 01 950. NEW PRODUCTS: Gymnasti c Bumper Slicke rs A) "Co nserve Energy - VVarm up w ith a gymnast" B) ·· Gymnasts ... score more" C) " Gymnastics - your pad or mine? " 3 fo r $2.50 or $1.00 each p lu s 3S¢ for handling. Keena Enterprises, Dept. C , 4211 Kester Ave. , Sherman Oaks, CA 91403. PRIVATE GYMNASTIC SCHOOL is looking for an ambit ious graduating college g)' l11nas t or ex perienced coach to work as a gi rl s gymnastic coach , gymnas tic instruc tor , a nd ass istant program director . Good salary and apartme nt included. Sta rtin g date wou ld be Sept. 1974. Contact: Pe l ,v \ead , cl o The Century School of G )'mnasti cs, Camp Hill Road , Pomona, Iy 10970. WANTED: July-August 1963 issue of " Mode rn Gymnast". \Alill pay. Please con tact larry Spiegel, 6501 Esp lanade , Playa de l Re y, CA 90291 o r ca ll (213) 822-2660.

POSITION AVAILABLE: Coach wa nted. Kenos Gymnastic Team, Box 12522, Coronado Station , EI Paso , TX 79912. 'v\frite , or co nt acl Mr. Graham at (915 ) 779-2038 or 584-8847.

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The Front Somie From Above The Rings

By Tom Donovan Gymnastics Coach, Univ, of Tennessee

Th e front somie from above th e r ings req ui res the ma stery of two fundamenta l techniques: 1) kipping action; and 2) somersa ulting. Th e kip must be execu ted to a stra ight arm suppo rt and be free enough to all ow a smoo th swing to th e horizo ntal pos ition above the rings. If th e shou lders are brought too far forward (i.e. more than 45°), the gymnast w ill be unab le to push correct ly and a ro ll wi ll take pl ace. Proper ankle li fting during th e swing and maintaining good shou lder positi onin g w ill allow the gymnast sufficient momentum ( 0 execut e th e somersa ult phase of th e sk ill.

To execute p roperly the arms must be pushed sli ghtly forward during th e support pha se (Fig. 5) to insure a risi ng somie act ion and not ju st a ro ll from th e top of th e rings. The key to th e somersau lt phase is th e continued liftin g

2

4 5

8 9

of the ank les. Th e ankle lift , as opposed to a hip li ft , w ill allow th e gymn as t to somersa ult above th e rings. The som ersa u It can best be accomp li shed by fo lding the ches t into the risi ng legs (Fig. 7). Th e p iked pos iti on is maintained on ly until th e n ecessary rotat ion has taken pl ace (i. e. visua l con tact of the junction of the wa ll and ceiling). O nce the juncti on o f wa ll and ceiling is seen, th e hips w ill have dropped suffi cientl y to all ow preparat ion for th e landing.

The land ing shou ld be accompl ished by ex tension of onl y the legs for th e mat (Fi g. 9) . This wi ll insure slowing of the rota ti on of the somersau lt and all ow for vert ica l land ing. Fai lure to p reven t the chest from cross ing th e perpendicu lar w ill res ult in an overturned d ismou nt and subsequent loss of points. Opening of both chest and legs w ill reduce th e rotat ion to such a degree that th e gymnast ma y sta ll comp lete ly and land on hi s back.

Th e beginner can master thi s sk il l by performing the somie in a (u cked positi o n on th e low rin gs w ith adeq uate spott ing and suffi cient mat tin g. As sk ill develops th e beginn in g gymnast ca n th en perform the somie in a piked position. For addi ti ona l va r iation, the advanced gymnas t could use a "whippet" to ach ieve th e support and fo ll ow i( w ith a twis tin g o r multipl e fro nt somi e.

3

6 7

10


NCAA '74 SEQUENCE

• pOSTSCRIpT

Ted M arcy, SI,l ll ford: lldck moo re uph ill , bJili e, bdck moo re uownhill, russ idll ~ I ock lj in, pommel ru ss idll , brea k illiO rever,,, scissor , J regu ldf scissors, p ick up circle , Iravel dowll , (rO IlI ill , slOckli ou l , hop, loop, loop , ha l f.


,~~-=; /' ) =

...........•.....• ~..... ~ 0 "

: DR. H.J. BIESTERFEIDT, JR. : "GYMNAST" RESEARCH EDITOR : Athletics Department- SIU Arena I Carbondale, Illinois 62901 '. USA : ••.................................... _.

TWISTING MKHANICS II by

H.J. Biesterieldt, Jr.

As with Part I, we acknowledge th e contributions of th e Russians" Some of th e diagrams of Part II are reproductions of theirs" IS THE "MODERN" TECHNIQUE OF PRACTICAL VALUE?

I ca n best ilnswer this qu estion by anal ys is of seve ral twisting moves, some done by one, some by the other technique" PIKE-OPEN FULL from horizontal bar.

Figure 11 .1 is a photo seq uence of this move . The first thing to no ti ce is that in fram es 32, 34, 36 there is no sign of tw ist. Th e tw ist is obviously initiated in th e air. In fact , th ere is a very slight drift toward the twist in frames 40, 41. The tw ist is competed in frames 41 , .. ... . , 52, or 11 frames. The performer was in th e air from frames 31 through frame 58, a total of 27 fra mes. Hence, using the same quality of tw isting mechanics, but eliminating the pike open , we would have time for 2Y2 tw ists. On the reasonable assumption that starting th e tw ist is hard , and continuing it less hard, we believe that there is really time for 3 twist s, using essentially the body action shown. Moreover, it is quite clear that the vigor of the extension from pike has led to excess ive arch in 45, and over much pike in 47. In addition, arm position is decidedl y inefficient most of th e time. The counterrotation is done with arms too wide. The twist could well have been decisi ve ly executed from frame 40, or at leas t from th at position. The excellent body stability in frames 54, .... , 59 are typical of the " modern" twist. My comments on what could be don e merel y indicate how we could get quicker twist - not that they are things that must be done. HALF-IN DOUBLE from horizontal bar ...

Again, the twist is done essentiall y free of the bar. Frame 30 is off the bar. Frame 32 is a slight hollow chest position, th e tw ist being obtained by counterrotation of hips, feet , shoulders , frames 33-38, and there is no tw ist af ter frame 39. Once the counterrotation is ended so is th e twis"t. The remainder is an entirely co nventional dOl,lble. DOUBLE TWIST from horizontal bar.

Figures Il.3f and Il.3s are front and side views taken concurrentl y. Figure 11.4 is th e sequence of side views, adjusted so that th e bod y ax is remain s ve rti ca l on th e pa ge, to make comparison w ith th e work of Part I easier. Examine 11.4 first. Th e counterrotation of head is quite visible in 34-40 and 43.50. But the arm position is a rea l hinderan ce in frames 36-42. Al so the first few frames show rath er poor arm po sition for any tw istin g mechani cs.

46

FIG II.2

D

1 50 39

1~~~~'52 ,,~ /' ::

l--190CM

GO 52

In observa tion of figure Il.3f, at first glance the bod y axis appears to precess, but we feel that th is is not quite right. Rather, examine frames 24 and 43, separated by half a saito. As nearl y as can be told th e body axis is the same in these two pictures. Thi s is not th e case if there is lots of twisting momentum. So we conclude that the twi"stin g momentum was quite small -much of the tw ist must be due to the counterrotation already di sc ussed.

From th e point of view of efficient tw ist, this twist was not any where near optimal. In fact , 27 frames are required for two tw ists, w hil e in the pike-open full , the twist would be done twice in 22 frames (or less with one continuous twist). No small part of the inefficiency is due to the arm action, a ca rryover perhaps from th e performers ea rl y learning of the " classical " twist. TWISTING HKHTS ON UNEVEN BARS.

Both techniqu es are frequently seen on th e full twi st ing hecht. We shall not illu st rate with photograph s. It is wo rth mentio ning th at the class ica l twist frequently is accompanied by a visible sa ito in non-vertical pl ane, and by ugly

and insecure landings. What I find most satisfying is that so far as I know, those w ho have used a double tw isting hecht from low bar have done so w ith the modern twi st. In fact, when Terry Spencer formerly of Southern Illinois University was tau ght th e classica l initiation, she lost the double tw istin g hecht altogether, and thereafter had only a somewhat less than perfect full tw isting hecht. TWISTING HANDSPRINGS IN VAULTING.

Again we rel y upon your memory. The " Heal y" type tw ist was once common. Some performers learned to do it entirely free of th e horse. This is a co nsequence of counterrotation, but it is diffi cult to avoid a problem with one arm.

Thi s approach can be done with arm s together, as in th e sequence from Tw istin g Mechanics I, Figure 5. However, in doing so, th e hands remain fairl y close to the horse. Here, the twi st initi at ion is from the arch position, and the vault looks low even w hen th e rebound from th e ho rse is quite strong.

Th e currentl y popular alternati ve is to instead leave th e horse, and se t into a sli ghtl y

GYMNAST Jun-Jly '74

. , , , . )':"

, i/ ~ ,~" " -,kc .

30 26

... I . · . , ' 12

n l I .' 15

16 "~i

hollow position , w hich raises the hands quite far from the ho rse. Then the tw ist of TM 1.5 is executed, of te·n wi th one arm out in a totall y useless posi ti o n. Th e loose arm retard s tw isting, a nd also makes land in g insecure and somew hat ugl y. Th ere is plenty of time fo r a double twisting handspring, witho ut initiation from the horse, and fini shed by the ti me th e body is passing horizontal. Thi s is not an idea list ic dream, since that speed of tw ist is used elsewhere. But if th e arms are dropped as in the usua l wrap, the sa ito speeds up and overspin of the saito is almost guaranteed. A lso, in th at case the body line is also so curved that twist ing speed is retarded . SUMMARY

So far as we ca n see, th e modern twist can effective ly be used at almost al l times, and is almost always advantageous fo r takeoff, twi st, and landing. It is not unatt rac ti ve, and all ows a complete stop of twist before land ing, as FIG officia ls have indicated th ey want to see.

We beli eve that it shou ld be co nsidered as a bas ic sk ill , perhaps even being taught as the basic twist.

GYMNAST Jun-Jly '74

I

FIG II.3f

,. ' ~I

.. -t,. 42

FIG 11.4

Il . ~ 50

47

SEQUENCES by schulz To p row: Tamara Kasanina of th e Soviet Unio n. Back rise with a y, turn on high bar to handstand on low bar.

2nd row: Andreas Pillich of West Germany. ' Flip kip' on para lle l bars.

3rd row: Tamara Kasa nina of the Soviet Union. Flipflop to a split on beam.

4th row; Nikolai Andrianor of the Soviet Union. Handspring 1 Y2 front pike va ult.

48

I


GYMNAST June/July '74 49

• SWING

HIE ESSENCE OF GYMNASTICS (Part II)

by A. B. Frederick

SYNOPSIS: Having established some ground rules for swing in Part I including an understanding of the qualitative nature of gymnastics, the writer explores further into concepts promoted by the FIG exposing some new relationships.

By sponso rin g a compu lsory program, th e FIG promotes th e idea of a firm foundation of fundamental gym nasti c skills which have been, in some cases, further developed by national federa tions to tou ch th e li ves of gymnasts of all ages. We, in the Un ited States, have not ye t recog nized the va lue of such compulso ry progra ms in th e educa tion of children and it has ce rtainly been a weak area in the competitive domain. The optional program is designed to promote the best deve lopment of th e indi vidual performer at all leve ls of skill. This phase of th e program seems to tell th e gymnast , " Look at yourself. Understand what yo u are. Obse rve your st rengths and weaknesses. Th en , being we ll-grounded in key gymnastic fundamentals, develop your exe rcise to best ex press your weaknesses." Such is th e program in sw ing.

A look at th e eve nts th at are currently spo nsored by th e FIG helps us to unders tand the goa l of pre-se rv ing swing in spo rt. We note th at floor exe rcise and va ulting are included in both the men's and women's programs. These two events represe nt the base of instru cti on throughout th e wo rld. Th ey represe nt uni ve r sa ls; act i v iti es w hi ch pro mot e development for events that eventuall y co mpl ete th e all aro under's program . Such a training base ma y actua ll y beg in w ith something kn own toda y as " movemen t educa ti on."

With a firm foundation in the fundamentals of movement , floor exe rcise (including tumbling, ba lanc ing and other agilit y maneuve rs) and va ulting, both bo ys and girlsat the novice level are introd uced to th e medium of pure swing by lea rning elements o n either th e hor izontal bar or uneven bars. The uneven bars are probabl y to be preferred for both sexes si nce th ey offer a w ide range of creative acti vit y for th e gymnast ic novice . There is ev idence that boys and men were using the uneven bars in Germa ny prior to the turn of th e present century. On bo th the uneven bars and th e horizontal bar, continuous motion is stressed and supports, when necessa ry, in vo lve posi tions partiall y braced up by parts of th e body in addition to th e arms. the uneven ba rs represent th e introduction to th e ~pitom e of swing in the program for girls and wom en, but the boys are progress ive ly involved in suppo rt appara tus w hi ch in a gradu al manner places more and more emphasis on upper arm and shou lder gird le strength. Thi s path tak es th em from the horizontal bar w here support is partiall y taken up by the thighs, trunk and kn ees at novice leve ls to the rings where supports of all kinds demand strength development that comes with maturity. Th e parall el bars fit somewhere in between since free swingin g between the rail s takes away dependency of th e thigh s but unlike the rings til e support is perform ed on a relativel y rigid apparatus. Th e rin gs are unique in the FIG program since they are th e only apparatus

50

tlilb S1. !l\(b sa.

wh ich moves. W e also note that in some countries, swinging r ing work is encouraged but it is a design that eliminates support sk ill s and emphasizes hanging and swinging movements. Both boys and girls are involved in such swinging ring work.

The prese nt emphasis on sw ing in the girl 's and women's program is noted in the style of move ments performed and prescribed for the un even parallel bars. Static positions have disappeared ; the goa l is continuous movement from the beginning to the end of a routine in both compulsory and o ptional work. Gone too, are swinging movem ents in support between the bars. As viewed today there is a greate r similarity to hori zontal bar wo rk where formerl y move men ts on the un evens were more analogous to a combination of ' even parallel bar and bea m movements. Movements emphasizing " naked fo rce" are therefore di scouraged wh il e swi ng elements continue to be deve loped yea r aft er yea r. Support, where required , is more properl y suited to the unique structure of women in thi s modern ve rsion of uneve n bar work.

A simil ar evo lution towa rd s sw ing is also noted in the program for men. Tw ice Olympic champion , A lbert Aza ri an o f th e USSR, might have some diffi culty today repea ting as the ring champion if he were to use hi s fonner optional routine. A significant port ion of hi s routine on the rings emphasized raw power to th e point that it wa s force-ori ented. Wh o w ill not fo rget his smiles as h e lowered effortl ess ly to the " Crucifix " and just as easil y made his exit. Today, an exerci se w ith a strength emphasis will not likely produce a wo rl d champion. The swinger is expected to p redo minate even on the rings.

Finall y, the balance element is emphasized in the FIG's program for men and women . Girls and women encounter th e beam wh il e boys and men are introduced to th e pommel horse; Jahn 's " Schwingel. " Th e latter probablY represents some ultimate combination of swing and balance in the wo rld of sport. At the ve ry least, the pommel horse must be judged as . one of the most demanding of all sporting events. It is argumentat ive whether or not the beam rep resents some ultimate in difficulty in the world of individual sports for women. But according to one point of view, a dance upon the beam w ith the interm ittant interject ion of ag iliti es, holds, and frequent turning of the body does represent some ultimate form of grace and beauty in balance w hich is probablY bes t d isplayed by the feminin e body. Very recently, a noted French gymnastic journalist sa id that he much preferred the grace and ex tension of a Joan Rice to the acrobatics of an Olga Korbut. We also note that the USSR has e leva ted Ludmilla Tourishcheva to " Sportswoman of the Year" in preference to littl e Olga the acrobat who swings with less fluidit y and feminity th an her teammate. One may also find argu ments

'Uilb 4~. !BUb 46.

Early use of Ueven Bars by Men.

aga inst a display of " naked force" on the beam regard less of th e ex tent to which such move ments may be attributed to flexibility .

Gymnastique Modern is the latest category of competition to be sponsored by the FIG . This new group of events supports the view that more opportunities must be given to girls to express th emselves in a sport medium without th e need for many arm-supported movements. In one respect, the add ition of thi s program and the use of hand apparatus has partially replaced th e indian c lub swinging event of years pas!, an event trul y worthy of inclusion in gymnastics.

W e note that events with a "circus" orientation such as the indian clubs and " flying " rings have suffered declines. There are man y others. No one has reall y commented on th e " why" of such eliminations but it may be that any " acrobati c" o r " circus" image once attribut ed to gymnast ics by the layman is simp ly not comp letely compat ible with concepts like' " swing " and "amplitude." There are, of cou'rse, ac robat ic federations in certain countries whe re acti vities like straight tumbling and trampoline are emphasized. Within th e la st two yea rs we ha ve also seen the ri se of American interes t in a separate organizat ion for some of the disca rd ed events that are none-the-Iess loved by a great many people. Spec ialists in trampoline, pyramid ladders, hand balancing and rope climbing all of which ha ve at one time o r another been associated with the circus may, in time, be full y revived in the United States. The modern program still has not had enough influence to change the hyperex tend ed back. of the littl e figurines that grace many of our gymnastic trophies.

One final note on the rope climb. Its elimination from gymnastics was probably due more to its quantitive aspect than to any circus ori entation. Those of us who remember this event ca n think of no other where audience parti cipa tion in sport is or has the poiential for being qu ite th e same. To become one with the climber is a thrill long remembered as those w ho were present at the 2.8 second climb of Don Perry at UCLA in 1954 will remember in a special way. Perhaps the world of gymnastics has beco me somewhat snobbish and esoteric but I prefer to think that in developing its swing philosophy and the concept of the all-around program much more has been gained than has been lost. These cherished events were not cas t out with malace; they si mply didn ' t fit. This wou ld account for the untimely fate of the trampoline in gym nast ics which is. today holding its own or at least making a comeback due to the effo rt s o f those who simply believe that there's planty of room for many more kinds of activity than the FIG is wi lling or ab le to sponsor.

Note: In th e nex t art icle, dnother quick glance at history with a rather insightful predi ction by G. Stanley Hall in 1907.


• RINGS

BACK UPRISE HANDSTAND by

William Roetzheim

I guess the pl ace to beg in a back up ri se handstand is w ith th e cas t. Most peop le beli eve th is is the most impor tant sing le factor in pe rforming thi s move. W ithou t adeq uate swing th e stunt becomes a press rath er than an up ri se handstand . Th e secret is o bt ainin g max imum powe r thro ugh movement is gettin g th e body up and away fro m th e r ings. If yo u just d rop yo ur legs from a ki p posi ti o n, littl e sw ing w ill be created . Dropping th e hips too quickl y also limits th e total vo lume of sw ing yo u ca n produce. Rath er th an just leg extens io n as th e means o f impetus t ry and use th e arm s and upper body w ith th e hi ps and legs held high.

Th e cast is diffi cu It to descr ibe on paper. It is a coo rdin ated effort o f t he entire body w hich begins by d ri ving the hips upward w hil e fl exi ng and th en ex tend ing th e arms. As I attem pted to perfo rm and analyze thi s sk ill it was apparent th at th e arm f lex ion .and body ex tension we re all one simul ta il eous .mot io n. As yo u move


through the cas t, ro tate bo th r in gs '14 tu rn so yo ur pa lms are facing away fro m your body . Th e impo rtant thing the gymnas t sho uld str ive for is hip eleva ti o n and ex tension away fro m the rin gs w hil e th e legs remai n pa rall el to th e

. ring ca bl e. You can now beg in d ri ving the heels

downwa rd and then backward. Thi s acti on resembles th e ea rl y stages of a Japa nese in loca te. Now fo r th e most import ant po rti on of thi s sk ill . You must allow the heels to lead this trick. The legs must rise above the back lever position before you begin the uprise movement with your upper body. The arm movemen t in thi s st unt is late, but w hen it once beg ins yo u must qui ckl y ro tate the r in gs ano th er '14 turn and p ress down vio lentl y. From thi s po int i t is just a matt er of continuing th e press acti o n until yo u reach a handstand position.

W hen I am teachin g thi s stun t I usuall y stand on th e side of the rin gs as I have illustrated in th e pi cture. W hen the gym nast beg in s hi s upwa rd movement , I p lace ill Y hands o n hi s hips and thi ghs and d ri ve hi m upward to increase hi s force towa rds th e handstand pos iti on.

Spotting technique for back upri se handstand. Drive legs upward to handstand position.

S1

gymnast memorabilia We are introducing "Gymnast Memorabilia," first

in a series which will appear in the coming editions of GYMNAST magazine. We will do our best to bring back the grand 01' days of gymnastics by presenting revi e ws, partial and entire articles, or just general highlights that properly represent the days and pages of GYMNAST past. We have a wealth of informative, interesting, as well as nostalgic material just waiting to satisfy the appetite of those who cannot get enough of gymnastics past or present.

Do you remember such names as Vera Caslavska of Czechoslovakia, Zinaida Voroina and larissa latynia both of the Soviet Union and Yuri Titov and Boris Shaklin also of the Soviet Union or Takashi Ono of Japan. Watch for our column and relive their triumphs and downfalls, their victories and even their defeats. Their joys.

Have any questions or ideas? We welcome any and all correspondence, so please write and let us know you' re out there - KEEP IN TOUCH_

"GYMNAST" looking Back ....

or (A Backward look) By Tom Wakeling'

A fter rev iewing th e record of thi s pas t deca de, we must concede th at the fines t male gymn asti cs tea m in th e wo rld represents japan. No o ne has pe rh aps done so much to improve th e standards o f mens' gymnasti cs than th e Japanese . Th at reputi o n is consistantl y justi fied by th e fact th at th eir nati onal teams fini sh ea ch intern ati o nal meet th ey enter literall y draped with gold . Th ere are reasons for their continu al su ccess. Di sc iplin ed worko ut schedules pl aya signi fica nt rol e in th e deve lopment o f th e talent that goes into th eir every perfo rm ance. Th ere must be some va lue to th eir sys temati c approach, fo r th e junior high school tea ms look like veterans, th e high school ers look like co ll eg ians, and th e coll egians look like Ol ympians. In fdCt" mu ch o t th e j apanese O lympic Tea m was made up o f co ll eg ians.

W hat makes th e j apanese national tea ms amo ng th e most hi ghl y rega rded and ho no red in gymn as ti cs today? Th e mo ld th at form s any gymnast is th e wo rk-o ut. Th e Ja pan ese are winners, and th eir wo rk-out would p rove o f so me interes t to th e se ri o us gymn ast and coac h. W e maintain 'se ri o us gymn ast and coac h' fo r good reason. Th eir wo rk- out and their phil osoph y behind th e wo rk-o ut requires di scipline, dedi ca ti o n and a strong emph as is on style and form .

" Do you wa rm-up before wo rking out ? How lo ng? Fi fteen minutes? Thirty minutes? Do yo u have a schedule se t up fo r th e wee k o r mo nth ? Do yo u count th e routines you perform 'i,] prac ti ce? D oes an yo n e score yo ur

52

perfo rmance? Do you wo rk out as a tea m ? Uo yo u add co nditi o ning exe rci ses at th e end of yo ur wo rko ut ? Do yo u wa it fo r th e coa ch to tell yo u w hat yo u are do ing w rong? Alth o ugh an swers to th e p receding qu es ti o ns may va ry so mewhat, there is a good dea l of co nsistency in th e japanese sys tem. "

In th e February 1969 editi o n of The Modern Gymnast, th ere appea red th e arti cle " The japanese Gymn asti cs Work-o ut" in w hich is d escribed a typical worko ut sess ion as outlined by th e po li cies o f th e j apanese gymnasti cs tra ining sys tem. Th e sys tem 's emph as is o n th e wa rm -up, training techniques and th e actu al cO lltributio n from th e coac h to th e wo rk -out , is nea tl y illustrated by Roy Davis, th e autho r.

Thi s and similar articl es in each and eve ry past iss ue makes The Modern Gymnast th e numb e r o n e d ep o ne t o f gy mn as ti c memorbili a. Co ll ecto rs everywhere are constantl y di scove rin g w hat a va luabl e referen ce source The Modern Gymnast is. Fo r th e first time in yea rs we are offe rin g to th e public an asso rtm ent of back iss ues w hi ch includes o ur first dated iss ue publi shed in 1957. This is th e fir st time that we rea ll y have had th e staff to undertake a ta sk such as thi s. We possess some issues th at are ove rabundant in number and th en aga in some th at are con sidered ex tremely rare : a situati on resulting f rom th e publi sher's ove r optimi sm during our ea rl y yea rs, clini c sa les, and publi shing promo tion al materi al for such events as th e japanese and Chinese tours as we ll as Expo 7 4. (Programs for th e tours and Expo are o btainabl e thro ugh Gymnast magazine.) We are now rel easing our limited number o f Mademoiselle

Gymnast as w ell. Go in g through our inve nto ry we fo und a coll ection o f exce ll ent and releva nt teaching materi al such as Glen Sundby's ve ry own " Ph o to Balancing Co urse " w hich illustrates th e simpli st training methods for mastering such va rious skill s as pirouettes, press-ups (th e Frog, Ho llow-Back, Tu ck, etc.), one-arm stands, leve rs and th e Pl anche. A lso ava il abl e w ill be Dr. William J. Vin ce nt 's " Lets Teach Routin es" w hich was des igned to encourage tea chers in th e secondary sc hoo ls to rea rrange th eir gymn asti cs prog rams, from a pattern o f teaching unrelated skill s to teaching skill s w hi ch are specifi ca lly intended to fit into a simple routin e. Th at arti cle too, should prove benef icial to any yo ung man w ho might w ish to put togeth er a fin e beg inning ro utine.


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BOOKS FOR MODERN GYMNASTICS by Eva Balazs

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ABOUT THE BOOKS Finally, the much needed guide for teachers and students is available! "Gymnastique Moderne" or Modern Gymnastics is the newest type of competitive gymnastics for girls. Jump ropes, hoops, balls, streamers, etc. are used and training and competition is done to music.

Modern Gymnastics seems to be the answer to the problem how to make gymnastics available and attractive to many girls. Only light hand apparatus is used; these are inexpensive, safe and easy-to-store pieces that the gymnast her- I self may own and enjoy in her free time.

Mrs. Mildred Prchal, chairman of the Modern Gymnastics Committee of the ,I U.S. Gymnastic Federation, who wrote the foreword states that "Eva Balazs wrote an excellent and comprehensive book ... a "must" for all teachers and students of this new sport ... "

There are four books, each one an entity by itself. The four books together, 1 however, give the complete study in Modern Gymnastics. Over 300 exercises are described with step by step instruction and logical progression. Assign-ments are frequently given to use the learned skills with imagination and crea-tivity. The rhythmic aspect of the movements and the relevance of music to movement are included throughout all four books. There are suggestions how to start programs in Modern Gymnastics and how to organize meets on the various age-group levels. There is a chapter on the history of competitive Modern Gymnastics. Another chapter deals with basic musical terms and the role of music in Modern Gymnastics. There are rules and regulations in inter-national competitions, information on individual and team events and there are detailed references to judging.

All four books are richly and charmingly illustrated. They should be an inspiration and valuable help for everybody interested in gymnastics for girls and women.

Mrs. Jackie Uphues Fie, chairman Women's Technical Committee, U.S. Gymnastics says: ''you have a 'best seller' here in terms of Modern Gymnastics. My congratulations to you and to Eva for production of an excellent set of books which in my estimation will serve as an invaluable resource book on the elementary, junior, and senior high school level, as well as for clubs and special groups."

Book 1. Rhythmic rope jumping. "Gymnastique Moderne". History of competitive Gymnastique Moderne. Technique. 68 exercises, progressing

from the beginning to the advanced level. Over fifty illustrations. Rhythmic patterns in relevance to footwork and movements of the rope. Class organizations. Teaching hints for the teacher. How to run competitions in the elementary school , Junior High and Senior High Schools. I nternational competition in rope jumping. Rules, and regulations. Judging.

Book 2. Rhythmic Gymnastics with Hoops. Origin of gymnastics with hoops. Technique. 95 exercises, progressing from the be

ginning level to the advanced. Over seventy illustrations. Class organizations, teaching hints . How to construct individual and term routines. Floor patterns. Competit ions in school. International competition . Judging. Gymnastics with hoops 100 yeRrs ago _

Book 3. Rhythmic Gymnastics wit " i)aiis. Origin of ball-gymnastics. Technique. 80 exercises progressing from beginner to ad

vanced level. Over sixty il lustrations. Rhythmic patterns. Age level competition in the schools. Individual, pair and group compositions, floor patterns, selection of music. Exercises with 2 balls, exchart ge of equipment. I nternational competition. Judging.

Book 4 . Part I. Rhythmic Gymnastics with Indian Club. Origin of modern gymnastics with I ndian Clubs. Technique . 45 exercises, over 30

illustrations, progreSSing from beginning to advanced level. Rhythmic patterns. Chapter on Music in Gymnastique Moderne.

Part II. Rhythmic Gymnastics with Streamers, Shawls and Pennants. Technique for using the streamer. Types of movement . Lesson plans. Exercises and

movement sequences. Technique of using shawls and pennants. Types of movement . Over 50 illustrations.

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Psychology and the Gymnast

by : Dr. Joseph L. M ass imo

DEFENSE MKHANISMS AND GYMNASTICS

Defense M echani sm is a co ncept famili ar to most everyone. Sometimes th e term is used loosely and lit erally- i. e. - a method for defending oneself. Th e origin of th e notion res ts in the area of clini ca l psycho logy. Theoreti ca lly a defense mechani sm is a psychic cons tru ct presented in ve rbal o r non-verba l behavio r which is adapted by a human being as a means of protecting the individual from acute anxie ty. The source of th e anxiety ca n be internal (com ing from our impulses) o r th e result o f ex ternal p ress (relationships wit h others). Th e major objec ti ve of the defense is to avo id psychologica l pain. Th e ego, its fru stration and vunerabilit y is involved in thi s conce pt.

It may be clea rer throu gh exa mple. Wh en we are very much hurt by something someone has sa id we might respond w ith " Let 's just say it d idn 't happen". This represents a " denial " of th e im pact of w hat was sa id , a rath er primiti ve defense mechani sm. In add ition we might add , ' 'I'm better off w itho ut th eir suppo rt anyway" wh ich is a fo rm of w hat is referred to as th e defense mechani sm of " rati o ndli za tion " (sour grap e syndrome) - a most commo n u efensive manuveur. Hoth denial and rationaliLatio n are two defense m echanisms o ut of man y that we deve lop and use over th e yedrS in o ur int e rp ersona l r elat i o n ship s anu li fe experi ences. Some defense mechani sms die sim p le such as " avoidan ce" (leav ing th e scene) w hi le o th ers are more complex such as " identifi ca ti on with th e aggressor". (You 've all seen this in ac tio n at the fights!) Others are ex tremely compli cat ed such as " reaction forma ti o n " w here one sees excess ive trends in one direction- -" virtue to a fau lt " - - wh ich is the buttress ing o f th e repress ion of unacce ptdble impulses of a contrary nature. In o th er woru s, all overl y ni ce guy may rea ll y be an S.O.H.! Sounu famili ar?

Th ere are two defenses w hich M e o ften don fu sed - - proj ection dnu rdti ona li za tion . Projec ti on is referred to dS a " primiti ve", low leve l defense. It in vo lves th e ba sic personal question- - wi ll I keep or throw out ? When th e ego w ill no t to lerat e a blow to self-es teem th e source o f th e irrit ati on is re ferreu to "ego ali en" . " I am sad , the refore th e trees M e sa d. " Th e qua liti es of oneself spill ove r to o th er things. In p rojec tion th e ali en co ncept is repressed and th en projected o n another. I his defense is no t th e sa me dS rationdli za ti o n refe rred to earli er. Obviously, th ere is a relationship between the two co ncepts but strictl y speak ing th ey are ui ffere nt u efensive stan ces.

A t on e tum e defense mechanisms we re th ought o f as totall y bad and psychopathi c. We now know that they are relati ve ly normal psycho logica l comtructs w hich ca n help us cope with da il y life anu remdin prouucti ve. Most so ca ll ed " healthy" inui viuuals have a wide va ri ety of defenses that are brough t into play in psychologica l emergenc ies whi le o th ers have a limited repert o ire and usudll y related adjustm ent prob lems.

Since th e utili zat ion of defense mechan isims are part o f being alive we finu th em in all human beings- - including gymn as ts dnu th eir


~ q V"

j3~~ )J

4IJI ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~

coac hes! The gym is a rich laboratory fo-r obse rvi ng ourselves under stress (in anxiet y states of vari ous uegrees) dnu therefo re provides a stage wh ere multiple u efe nse postures strut forth - - sometim es rath er b latantly.

~ or thi s paper we w ill bri e fl y look at a kind of beha vio r w hich perhaps is bes t uescr ibed as a rati ona li za tion combin eu w ith a kinu of wa tered-down, non-class ical proj ection. How often have yo u heard coaches dnu or gym nas ts say th e fo ll owin g:

" The gym was too co lu"

" I didn 't get eno ugh Wdrm up time"

" Th e judges we re unfdir "

" She rea ll y got chea teu "

' 'I'm no t use to tho se lou sy bars"

" I had a poor spot in th e lineup"

" Th at coach is d buud y of hers"

etc. etc. e tc. e tc.

This beha vio r, unfortunate ly, is so common in the gym 50 as to be near luu icrous. What is happening here is th e sea rch fo r a sca pegoat-something or someone to identify as the cause of o ur persona l suf fer ing anu frustration. As in so many cases w here thi s k inu of parano id, quasi-pro jec ti on is il lVo lveu th ere ma y be a fragement of truth invo lved in th e accusations. (We all know th at at times J sco re may be off.) This is w hy th e techn ique is perp etu ateu and uti li zed defen sive ly so of ten. It ca n be most d iff icu lt to deal w ith excep t w hen it reaches th e absurd. (e.g.- -a girl fall s off th e beam three times, all ot her co mpetit o rs stay on but the coach cla ims th e beam was "slippery" .)

Anyone w ho has eve r coacheu has at o ne time or th e o th er had such fee lin gs dnu in most cases have expressed them- -sometim es in a not too subtle fashion. An occdssional such lapse into in fa ntilism is excusab le anu quite natural. Th e problem is that such behavio r ca n eas ily deve lop into a patt ern or style anu in many such cases ca n become a modus

opera nd i! When this occu rs we are add ressing something th at is ve ry destructive.

We all know of coaches w ho have assumed this posture in thi s ex treme. Through the process of identi ficat io n th e you ngsters respond to co mpetiti ve setbacks w ith th e same mechan ism. The entire g ro up in ac ti on ca n become path eti c and it is almost embarrassing. to be associat ed even by physi ca l prox imity w ith such degrad ing behavio r. Needless to say th ese coaches and eventuall y gymn asts, who have become engrained w ith this approach, are di sli ked and usua ll y d isrespecteu .

At another level th e energy expanded in this kind of negati ve behavio r is no longer ava il abl e to be used w here it is reall y call ed for- i. e.- th e motiva tion for a good, hard look at impro per coaching and poor trdin ing w hich results in constan tl y inept performances. Here in li es the rea l crime in surh coach and gym ndst behavior. Th e youngsters w ho have picked up this " techniq ue" are being d epri veu of an opportunit y to grow as indi viduals, lea rning how to cope w ith justifi ed fai lu re, as well as no t rece iving th e killd of rational input u es igned to improve th eir effo rt s from a techni ca l poin t of view.

Coaches shou ld be acutely aware of thi , prob lem and th eir in fluence o n th e you ngste rs th ey are tra ining. Th ey should mak e a co nsc io us effort to avoi d slipp in g into th is easy trap. Na turall y one shou lu prot es t where th ere is leg it imate ca use for that is part of th e sport but a coac h must ca ref ull y mo nitor such ac ti o n lest it become habitual anu d blind ki nd of perso nal defense.

In pas t years I have st ud ied wo rld- class gymnas ts and coaches as a pa rt of my psycho log ical research in th e sport. In an art icle appearing in Ihi s magaLill e some time ago I report ed on th e persolla li ty characteri stri cs o f internati ona l ca li ber gymnasts I hau stuui ed. One of th e three majo r fa cto rs present in all profi les o f t hese at hletes was referred to in the arti cle as "a base ment " . Thi s concept is defi ned (Edwa rd 's Personal Preference Inventory) as th e tendency to accept personal responsi bility ,for o utco me, not to blame oth ers for inadeq uate performance and then feel gui lty and humble w hen met with defeat. Since thi s is a characteri sti c of top gymnasts perhaps th e co rall ary behav ior, that is, to proj ec t blam e, to look to ex tern al cO llditi o lls Jild illdi vidual s as th e ca use of frust rat ion, is character ist'ic of generall y poor perform ers. These illui viuuals spend an inordinate amount of time looking w ithout for excuses rat her thell more pain ful but p roducti ve tim e rev iewill g th eir own sho rt com ings.

Unfort unately, thi s beha vior seen in individua l gyms GI n also b e fo ulld as part of our nationa l b eh av ior in int e rn ation al tournaments. There is littl e doubt th at difficulti es we w ill surel y incounter at the World Gam es nex t O ctober will be attributed to " bi ased European judging", " poor training faciliti es" , etc.

In my next art icle I would li ke to examine our nati o nal psycho logy in thi s regJrd and its im plica tion s in terms of th e po liti cs, adm ini stration, alld CO lluuct o f th e sport in our culture. I ha ve p laced emphas is here because perhaps we should cOlltemp late th e notion th at w e wi ll neve r be d lOp power in gymndsti cs, no t for th e reaso llS usuall y give ll but, ill fac t, for intrinsic limitat io ns which are more culturally determined Ihen we ca re to recoglli Le. Such all exp lo rati on as I suggest may pro ve prou uc ti ve; it surely w ill prove paillful.

55

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THE END OF SERIOUS GYMNASTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

by H.J. Biesterfeldt, Jr.

Towa rd th e end o f M ay, 1974 th e ad mini str ati o n o f th e U ni ve rsit y o f Massachu sett s decided that it would no t renew th e contract o f coac h Tom Dunn, and would beg in to res trict th e Massachu setts team (men) to a New En gland Reg ional competiti o n prog ram, th e first of many reducti ons in minor spo rt s prog ram s. Th e move is based o n lo ng range fin ancial di ffi culti es .

Ei ght years ago <I S visiting Pro fesso r o f M ath em ati cs at th e U ni ve rsit y o f Massachu se tt s, I fir st took tim e to help o ut w ith the UMass gymnasti cs program. Coach ' Kj eld se n proved an energetic and capable man, and hi s program clearl y had a future.

Today I wo uleJ Illuch like to help th e p rogram return to its proper track. It seems clear to me th at th ere is room for a second outstanding program in New England . I somehow do no t be li eve th at Connecti cut is th e onl y state in New En gland that can afford a Uni ve rsity gymnastics team.

It is tru e that w ith out all ava il abl e state fund ed pos ition- fo r th e coach th ere must be some adjustment made in the prog ram. O f co urse o ne o f th e poss ibiliti es is to crea te such a positi on. A nother is to find a coach w ho teaches in some o th er eJ epartm ent and is of nati o nal repute. And ce rtainl y thi s magaZ ine ' w ill help to find such a man, i f th at look s like th e right cho ice.

But even so, efforts to res tri ct competiti o n to New En gland IllUSt result in a seve rely deg raded prog ram. M assachu setts has o ne of th e best teams in th e country, (to p 10?) and should ce rtainl y continue to trave l thro ugh th e East at leas t as fa r as Pennsy lva ni a. A nd w ith tea m size o f rou ghl y 12 11l en, trave l need no t be a large it em. Th e Massachu setts sc ho larship program cos ts abo ut $5 ,300 per yea r, w hi ch is no t out of line at all. Co mparabl e fi gures elsewhere run up to $25,000 a yea r.

I f ind it quite remdrkabl e th at w ith coach Tom Dunn ea rnin g under $10,000 and about o n e- fifth th e aid g ive n e lsew h e re Massachu setts still fields quite outstanding tea ms, and individual s like Gene Whelan.

IF I CANNOT HELP REVIVE THE PROGRAM I WOULD LIKE TO HELP TO BURY IT. If th e prog ram is phased down, but no t ph ased o ut , th en any current tea m members w ill ha ve to '

contend w ith the tran sfer wa iting period if they leave . A nd clearly if th e program is ph ased dow n, th en th ey must leave. So it is clear that th e o nl y fair acti o n for th e Uni versity of M assachu sett s to make is to ABOLISH THE PROGR AM to allow men to tran sfer without penalt y. Whi cheve r is do ne, it should be done promptl y. Perhaps lett ers to appropriate peopl e may help:

Gove rn o r' Francis W. Sargent State House Bos ton, MA 02133

Dea n David C. Bi schoff Boyden Building Uni ve rsity of Massachu se tts Amherst, M A 01002 I SINCERELY HOPE THAT THROUGH THE

COMBINED ACTION OF OUR READERS AND THE APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICIALS, SOME MEANS WILL BE FOUND TO KEEP THE SPORT OF GYMNASTICS AT MASSACHUSETTS AT A NATIONAL LEVEL.

Th e rea ders hould not think th at Massachu sett s is alon e w ith th e problem of even minimal fin ancing of minor sports program s.

New Federal regulatory measures (Title IX) may well force eve ry major uni ve rsity to a similar dec ision. Th e rul es, if unchanged, w ill require equality of funding fo r men and women sports. But. w here w ill th e additional fund s come from ? I f by a miracle th e additional funds become ava ilabl e, I stand for equal fundin g. Th e mo re so in gymnastics, w here both in qualit y and numbers, women come near to do minatin g th e A meri can Gymn as ti cs Sce ne. But even here, some effort mu st be made to ensure that we do no t rob our currentl y success ful programs in order to instea d suppo rt two mediocr e program s.

It is my opinion th at w ithout change of the Titl e IX guidelines it w ill be imposs ible for most uni vers iti es to continue to field tea ms in an y minor spo rt s. Onl y se lf-supporting sports w il~ surv ive as tea ms. Th e res t have a ve ry rea l chance o f reve rtin g to clubs, and unavoidabl y th en, clubs for those rich enough to pay the fare.

Perh aps, w hil e yo u are w ritin g to h elp the M assachu sett s tea m , you might suggest to yo u r cong ressman that a ph ase-in of th e equalit y rul es should be written into the laws. Some system for keeping programs stable at present level s w hile giving all increased funding to the currentl y underfunded women's program is needed. But let us not destroy what has been built over the years to start again from scratch w ith both programs.


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,\\eet I~esilits 1974 LAKE ERIE INTERCOLLEGIATE

GYMNASTIC LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS Feb. 22-23, 1974

The fourth .I1l1lUJI ldke Erie In tercollegiate GYn1 n.lsl ic Ledgue Chdmpiollship was hela at Celltf.!1 Michig.1Il Unive rsit y. Mt. Pleasant, Michig.1I1. Th e two Jay meet showed a much closer race ,Hllong the top six teams th an in the past three ye ,lrs of the league. The meet was a lso highlight ed by two new records sel by two freshmen. MJrk O'Mdt le}' of Western M ich igan sco red 49.35 to reset the All-Arou nd record and Je ff Rupp 01 Slippe ry Rock College totaled 17.8S in Vaulting to oreak the 17.57 record.

RESULTS

~~~k:St~~Ste~ lI . ~o.18~dRe~ ~lis'la~:2u~?/v.S I~~f.4~~ Eastern Mich igtlll 136.95; Univ. Cinci nnati 135.65. All Around: MJrk O'Malley WMU 49.35; John Li ve lsberger KSU 48.15; Ranuy M ills EMU 47.75. Floor Exercise: Rick Res taino EMU 17.65; Mark O'Malley WMU 17.55; Huntsin ger EMU 17.10. Pommel Horse: Dan Carlse n WMU 15.75; Ja nko ws ki NMU 15.55; Maso n KSU 15.20. Slill Rings: Hal Keste r SRSC 17.85; live lsber,ger KSU 17.20; Bob Gibbons KSU 17.10. Vaulting : Jell Rupp SRSC 17.85; Rick Restai no EMU 17.75; live lsberger KS U 17.65. Parallel Bars : Randy Mi ll s EMU 17.60; Mark O 'Ma ll ey WMU 17.25; Tom Thornton WMU 16.85. Horizontal Bar : Kevin Wilkerson SRSC 17.80; Art M atz SRSC 16.90: Mike Kellinger WMU 16.90. Winning Routines: FX Rickl!estaino: Ro, If, doubl e full , drop to Jap. split , planche press to handstand, Hand spring, fron t so mi . head spring, turn , back walkove r, Sp ill, fo rwa rd roll to stalde r press, for\>vard wa lko ve r, turn , RO, II , lu ll. SR Hal Kester: Di sloca te , shoo t hand , back g ian I, lower to back ro ll to frollli e ver, kip l , ho llmvback press, lower to double dislocate. full. LHV leU RUI?.p : Far End Yamashi ta, Handsp ring. PB Randy Mlns: Cas t support , cut l , hollowback press, stutz ha nd, drop peach to front upri se , swing reve rse pirouette, st ut z la)'a\·vay front uprise front off wi th half twist. HB Kevin Wilkerson: Mixed grip hi g h sta rt , vault , back ~ip . germa n , stoop oul half turn , straight arm kip fronts, pirouette, gian t, step on step off giani, double.

WOMEN'S lsI ANNUAL NEW YORK STATE INTERSECTIONALS

A very enthusiastic group of gymnasts at te nded th e 1s t An nu a l Wome n 's G ymnastic Inte rsect io nals for the State of New York March 23, 1974 before 1300 speqa to rs. Hosting the 1st Annual Inte rsec tional s was Union-Endicott High School of Endicott , New York unde r the direc ti on of Jo Michael as Cha irma n. Th e State Gymnast ic Chairman was ably RUES~rfsan McG ranagha n.

Team Scores: Sect ion 5 (Rochester a rea ) 150.40; Section 1 (Westc hes te r County area ) 143.28;

fS~~it~~rn8 Ti~Lr) I~~6. ~sJ~IS~cti~~10·17ke71~~~\0~e\~ YC;>rk) 124.33.

TEXAS WOMEN'S COLLEGIATE GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS

U~j~~~~i~~es~f i~~~~ a tSt~~stil~ n~~;JSi~marl :l~ College took lOp team honors in the three class d ivisions a l th e TCl AW (Texas Commission o n Intercoll egia te Athletics for Women ) State G ymna stiCS Championships. The two-day me~t was hosted by Southwest Texas Sta te University In San Ma rcos o n March 8-9, 1974, with ninety- nme gymnasts from thirteen coll eges and uni ve rsit ies contesting for honors.

RESULTS Class III Team : Sout hw~st Texas Sta te Univ.; Uni versity of Texas, Aus tin ; Lamar UniverSity. All Around : Hagga rd SWT; Ada m s UT; Hildebrandt SWT; Conway l U; Bauer UT. BaJance ~Beam : Faggard SWT; Salbab LU;

58

Hild ebrand t SWT. Uneven bars : Bonds A&M; Garr ison SWT; Ad ams UT. Floor Ex: Mille r SWT; Faggard SWT; Adams UT~ Vaulling: Ad ams UT; Faggard SWT; Ko ll y UT. CJass II Team : Unive rsity of Texas, Austin , So uthwest Texas Sta le Uni v., Texas Wes te rn Unive rSit y.

~~TAround : Pea rso n UT, Co ngdon UT, O'Nei ll

Balance Beam: Bank NTS( Pearson UT; O'Nei ll SWT. Uneven Bars: COllgaqn UT; Altsma n TWU ; Pearso n UT. Floor ExerCIse: McDona ld UT' Congdon UT; Ca llero SWT. Vaulting: McDonald UT; Ca llero SWT ; Pearso ll UT. Class I Team: Ama rillo College ; Sou th west Texas Sta te Unive rsit y; Nort h Texas Sta te . All Around: El ston AC ; Taylor AC Ca rmack SWT~ Isenbe rg NTS ; Davis SWT.' , Balance Beam: Ise nberg NTS; Elston AC ; Ca rma ck SWT ; Taylor AC. Uneven Bars: Els to n AC; Ta ylor AC; Elled~e TSU. Floor Exercise: Elston ~';;';IJ~~C: ~~; ,~;~~ S~V~C; Vaulting: Elston AC;

- MISSOURI and KANSAS USGF STATE CHAMPIONSHIPS

Marcia Beake & Jack Kelley

we~t'~~:;~l t~,~ ~~:'C'il ~g& bl00\~thi~11l~~~'~<~r;~t~I~~~ j ()ilH~ d f urce~ to put on the co m bi ned M isso uri <l ll d K,1I 1 ':"I ~ U.S.G.f . Stdle ChampionshljJs. Hu~ lillg lor K<lm.l ~ \Vd S El ite Gymlldsti cs Club of Merridlll. Ktlll ~d ') cUdch eu by Gera ld Ca rle~_. "or

~:il;;~rk~ i ~ ~~~ '~~<~l i~~;1~~JZlllt~JGG~1 ~11~li i~s S~~;~~ I he m ee t I,.vhich drew over 235 pJrticipants, was held ,II ~he Hlue V~lil ey l{ e creJt ion Cenl e r in

Kal~~~il ') ,~~~r- ~;~\i ll')~)')Y<~!'tiC support by both dubs produced <I public service . te levision spot le,nufing ')e vc fdl 0" th e luc:.JI Wrls, a nd J fea lure ' IJOI 011 " l:. t cclef~1 . <I K.L. muJ-dJY ne\,vs-Idl k ') lOW. Coupled \·vllh thi s W<I S d stro ll%radio. 1.V.

ftllorl~')~ ~1;~~l' ~~~' G~ltlheJ<~~sv~I<'t¥l~ ~~~~ t, ~~ I£~~ ~~ ma ke the publi c more informed on o ur sport.

Highly qu,di lied judging W<I S J keynote of the twO-dd Y ')c ')s iol1 , <I ') we were pleased to have Na tion,1I judge, lindJ He rJ n, o n hd lH.l as we ll <I S Intern,lIio l1 .11 judge Eli I o nder from NOrWi:I}' w ho is i ll the K.I/l')<I ') C~~~'~~~io~ ~i~l~;with he r f<1Il1 il y

~'~ ~~lll~f;ri~~~') h~"r~CGi 6~:~~I;a~1~o l ~S~1I v~~'~~ 63.40j "[jrelll.ltl Hodges Oldrk 61 .90.

~i:~'lc: 5~:~~tJI~lli~rtO~~kO~~~I~k6~i~~~ . l'atly Bice Int. Sen.: K.eltl e [jrJnllJIl 51. l o uis GC 31.35; K,He n Herge r Ldd)'CIIC HS 30.60; Kdfe n [jlume La yfa ycttc 29.35. Int. Jr .: Julic Skubic SI. Luui s GC 34.65; Honnie Honi f,lCe SCY 30.70; l ori 'W e ile r SCY 29.90; De bi Je rnigan KeG I 29.90.

Kansas Resu lts Adv. Sr.: ' Jill Colrler VVGC 67.20; ' U<line Hodges WGC 66.55; '(;,,,ce Kruger WGC 60.70. Adv. Jr. : . Ka tll )' Ro')s EGL 65.05; CJrol 1 heno H:;C 61.95; M imi StOhl KCG 1 51.95. Int. Sr.: Slephi c Schule WGe 32.15; Kdth y O ')Ob<1 WGC 29.00; Cltl))' Strawll WGC 27.10.

~nrtl; Jr{'I: ~~CJl~16. 1 5t l ~~,'~I;~~tfl~~;1 ~~~~~,~~l~ ~ 29.45.

Missouri ; Inl. Child.: Dia ne Ne lso n SI. l o uis GC; jon i \'V.llchllltlJl Oldrk ; l esli e C hambers O ztlfk . 8 eg. Sr: Cindy Wingr in Baldwin ; Jenn ife r Workm,lrl H,lllhvin ; G<l yld Crawford KCG1. Beg. JR. : Kim Widlll,lI 1 SI. l ou is GC ;. Ke rr y lJllgford SI. l oui ') : Ueverly fritl SI. LOU IS. Beg. Children:

l~::i~l;e l~~n~tl~~:T S~C~Tl K:;n;~~~r[~tlc~fid~e~\ Niki O ') ub" wce; ShJ e l..)ollh<lI11 WGC ; Kirsten Alli so n WCe. Beg. Sr.: SUSdll Jo nes WGe; D<lna LJ Y,)<Ht 'vVGC ; ju d y ~.lIwe li WGe. Be]; . Jr.: Palll Vaugh n WCC; Lwn Couchellour WGC; Sharon Riley lI ite . Beg. Children: Amy Pri e st WGC ; Alice Prie ') t VvGC ; 1~I11 Y ,v \cC roder Elite. "d e notes KeglOlltl1 qU<llifiers ')c.o ring 30.00 or o ve r in bOlh compuboric') d lU../ opllond ls '_ 'de~lOl e') girb who h<l<.I previu u')l y qualified for Eli te fr i.lb.

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LOS ANGElES COUNTY LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP

Th e Los Angeles County league Championsh ip meet was hos ted recently b y The Woodland Hills G?mnast ic Assoc iat ion. Twenty seve n teams sent

fl l~i~~I .t~~t~u~~~/~:a~~:~6:~ :~~~iPb~I:h~a~~~~~ The top gymnasts e ligible to compe te had to have a 26.00 average in both compu lsory and optional routines.

Susa n Graff of the Wood land Hill s team pull ed top honors in he r age gro up. She has la ken three fir st all-around tit les at rece nt league m eets and is now the 1974 los Ange les Count y Class II AIIArou nd C hampio n. She also captu re d the 15 and over une ve n bars title. She sco red a grand tota l o f 65.60 for e ig ht rou tin es. •

Karen Fra nk of Mid-Va lle y Y.M.CA. in Van Nuys took the second place pOSit ion in th is age di Vision. Karen Schuber of the sa me team placed third .

Li sa Rix o f Wood land Hills captured the tit le (or the second consecut ive yea r as C lass II cha mpio n in free exercise. She to taled a 17.80 for compulsory a nd optional events. Th is was the h ighest tota l score for anyone event for the da y ... She was fourth in a ll -around.

The 12-14 division wa s taken in a clea n sweep

bra~i~-a~a~!k~l~ '~ '~'I~e ~~b~l~ r\~ri~y~ l~c~~:e J ~~lS~ ~uhllllan in a second place by .05 . Miss ll ebelt ·s strength was in un eve ns. Lo ri Franklin of M id Va lley placed thi rd.

G ymnasts co mpe ting in the 11 and ~nder age g roup are el igible in compulso ry routmes o nly.

M iche lle Ross of the Va ll ey College Flippett es placed first all-around in Ihls age di vis ion . She Rlaced firsl in fre e-exerci se and bala nce beam. She 'tola led a 31.20 fo r the four events. In second

~~an~e~~~ Wl~y s~i~ll~\~:mM:~-Yhil~a~ ~I~~ ~~~;:~ place position wa s taken b y th e Woodl and Hill s team 's smallest me mber Karen Bac hman.

The girls were presen ted w ith tro pheys, med als, ribbo ns and flowers.

AIAW Western Regiona l

San Diego March 16, 1974

Team : Ca l SI. Long Beach 100.55; U. Nevada 99.05; Sacramento State 96.75. All Around: Mary Po lak , )ac 34.75; Dagmar Hintnaus, LB 34.30; Lee Ann l obd ill , lH 34.00. Floor Ex : Dagmar Hintnau s, lB 8.85; Lee Ann Lobuli l. LB 8.80; Mary Polak. Sac. 8.80. Ba lance

Beam: l ee Ann Lobdi ll 8.70 j Dagmar HintnJ us 8.45; Mary Pola k 8.15. Uneven Bars : l e e Ann Lobd ill 8.70 j Dagmar Hintn <lu s 8.45; Mary Po lak 8.15. Uneven Bars: Mary Poldk 8.80; Beth Huftle, Nev. 8.50; Ca ro lyn Rybeck , S.D. and Barbara Clark , Nev ~ 8.30. Vaulting: Mary Po lak 9.00; Da g mar Hintnaus 8.75; Laurie Merlo , Northdg. and Barbara Cla rk, Nev. 8.70. Teams mu st score 94.00 to qualify for the Nat io na ls AA must score 32.00 10 qualify and indiv iduals mu st score I:LO to qualify.

New Jerse y YMCA Mens Gymn as tics Championships M ay 19, 1974

Tumbling: Ma rk Johnson (Jersey City YMCA) 8.70; Randy Pe nde rgas t (Ridgewood YMCA) 7.93; Ca rmen DeVito (Je rsey C ity YMCA) 5.66. Wi nning Routine - 1st Run: Fro nt sa ito stepout, roundoff flipflop back double twist. 2nd Run : Front-front saito, roll fro nt sa ito , roll front sa ito. 3rd Run : Front sa ito stepout , rou ndoff flipflop back 1 Yl twist stepout , round off flipflop back fu ll tw ist. Pommel Horse: 10 hn Guar in i (Je rsey Ci ty YMCA) 7.56; Ma rk Johnso n (Jersey Cit y YMCAJ 6.36; John Cerf (Ridgewood YMCA) 4.50. Wi nning Routin eCircle front in, double m oore, downhill trave l fron t in , scissors, travel down loop w ith Vl turn dismoun t. Ho rizonta l Bar: Ma rk Jo hnson (jersey Dity YMCA) 6.53; Lou Guarini (Jersey Ci ty YMCA) 6.03; Don Bauer (Ridgewood YMCA) 5.67. Winning Routine - High sta rt , forward gia nt swi ng, stall vault ca tch, hop kip immediate piro uette, reverse gi ant fu ll c hange, giant blind change, reverse gi ant hecht dismount. Para lleJ Bars: John Thornton (Ridgewood YMCA) 6.70; Don Bauer (Ridgewood YMCA) 6.20; Mark Joh nson (Jersey Cit y YMCA) 5.60, Win ning Routine - Jump to free support sca le o n o ne rail, press to handsta nd pi vot bac kward s, stut zkehre , cast cui ca tch, layback, reverse cast, swing piro uette, cast cut catc h " l" , stra ig ht arm st rai g ht body press to ha ndstand, layback fro n t uprise hollanue r 011. Vaulting: Mark Jo hnson (J ersey City YMCA) 9.07; Randy Pendergast (Ridgewood YMCA) 8.63; Carme n DeVito (Jersey Ci ty YMCA) 8.40. Winni ng Vau lt - Yamash ita. Rings: John Thornton (Rid gewood YMCA) 8.20; Carmen DeVito (J ersey C it y YMCA) 7.43; Ma rk Johnson (Jersey City YMCA) 6.37. Winni ng Ro uti ne - Kip to free support sca le , double dis locate shoot to handstand, giant swing backwa rd , power down to c ross , kip to " L", ho llowback, g iant double sa ito dismou nt. All Around: Mark Johnson (Jersey C ity YMCA) 42.63; john Thornton (Ridgewood YMCA) 33.71; Lou Guarini (J ersey City YMCA) 32.43. 1974 New Jersey Tea m C hampio n - Jersey Cit y YMCA 111.18.

1974 AAU JUNIOR NATIONAL GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS

Larry A. Moyer, Meet Direc tor All Around Results

Womens Results : Koleen Casey (51. Paul , M inn .) 70.43; Ba rbara Cantwell (Manne tl es , Pe nn .) 69.60; Tammy Custodi (Pio neer gym Club, Niaga ra Fa ll s, NY) 68.90; Lisa Neutze (Ma nn e lt es, Pe nn. ) 68.15; li sa Ingebestren (Piore tt e s, NY) 67.80; De nise Rivet (SI. Pau l, Minn.) 67.50. Mens Results : Tige r Taylor (Va lpariso , Fl.) 101.65; G len Barle tt a (New Haven , Conn.) 97.6 5 ; Br ian Dawson (Gym naslrum, Penn. ) 92.85; joseph Sta llone (Gyrnnastrum , Pe nn. ) 89.75; Perry Genovese (Ce ntury, Pomona , NY) 87.50; Stan ley Gladstone (Wilmington, De l. J 86.90.

Team Results : Md nlle tt es, ~ 208.25 ; St. Pau l Turn e rs, 203.30 j Pirou e tt e s, 202.15, Kat y G le ason , 201.250; Ol ympiad Gym , 200.75 ; Ma rvateens, 199.65. Additional placing learns : Lo uisv il le Gym; Lankettes; Fawlle lles; Bloomfield Across; Corrigans School; Gymnastrulll ; Taurians; Montclai r " y " ; U.S. ACJd e my; Birming ham"Y"; Ann Arbor " Y"' ; Go ldettes.


1974 AAU AGE GROUP NATIONA LS For Trampolin e, Tumblin g a nd Mini-tramp More Ihan 150 yo ung co rnp etilOrs.

rep resenting al l PM! !) of the United StJ\(~s . en tered the 1974 AAU Age·C roup Nationals for Irdl1lpolinc . tumbling .• lIlO mini - tr •. uHp h e ld April 19-20Ih.1I 'orlh High ) chool in Easll,lkc. Ohio.

I weill )' le,lIn !) ,IIlU numerous ulla llache u ind ividuals mollie up t he groups of 1 0~ trampolini sts. 126 lurnblers .lIla 70 mini - tramp e ntran ts in the m eet w hich 1.lSlcu six hours h iday anti 15 ho urs )JIU ru,r y .

Yo unge's Club of M emphi s, Tellil. pr<1Clically owned the trampoline eve rHS <I ~ they wo n fo ur gold a nd SIX sil ver mcual s ill .1 successful campaign lor bOl h the m en '!:. .lllti women "s team tro phies. Allhough they ent ered no tumblers in the (o mpelitioll they were.l d ose second for the overJl1 team troph)' whi ch WdS .lwMded 111 consiueration o f JII eve nts. \'Vilh 126.b the Yonguc jumpers cdged ~t. Lou is' Carondalet YMCA girl 's team w hose eHorts gained 122.2. Runner·u p in the men 's event was the Copp Academ)' w it h 11 9.4 to Yongue's winning 123.7 .

I he tu mbling events w ith lilli e exception belongeu to OhiO teams. Neil Godbe)" s Gymworltl bo)'s team WilS all easy wi nner w ith 91.71 points. Run ner up was the Oh io Geneva Vikings wi th S2.BS. 10 our knowledge,Gym worid \vas the lirst American team to field three tumblers bet ween 14 anu 17 yeMs o ld doing double back,. 1 he Copp Academl' CA TTS of Wi lluughby, Ohiu drnasseu 76.7 poin ts to take the girl 's tumbling troph)' over th e Viking 's 73.0.

I he overall trophy was awarded to the team pla cing highest In all events of trampoline and tumbling. 1 he \-vinner; th eCopp A cad em y CATTS of W illoughby, Ohio which had nine teen ath letes in the linals and was the onl )' team to have winners in both trampoline, tumbling and synchro trampoline events. They also had wi nners in the mini·tramp event bu t since this is the first year i o r mini · tramp i t wasn't figured in 'he overall ' eam lO,al. The CAnS bare ly edged out the Yongue Club fo r the honor by a score of 84 to 79 based upon the place of each team 's fi nal is ts; 8 pts. for first, 7 pts. for second, 6 p ts for third , etc.

Severa l outstanuing perfo rmances are note worthy here ..

I en·year·old Kenny Kov.lch of the CATTS open ed up hi s routine with a III in In ou t and followed i t with o ther hi~h level sk ills to w in his a~e division wllh an amazi ng 64.1. Ju st as impressive were the routines of Diane Goldswo rt h)' and Marion Thompson whose 6b,0 and 64.1 Icd thc girls of that age. Di ane opened with d tlilli s. 1 raC)' Long of Hamilton , Ohio won the tumbling for this division and included a beautiful doub le tuiliwist in her routine.

f he 11·1 2 division included a fantastic competition between Cali fo rnid 's Doug Dawkins and theCA 1 I S' Jon1 orre for the trampoline title. Both boys, Just 11 , included pi ke fliff es and tuck tlifles in their routines, l orre fin ished w ith a 2 ~J twisting lront but was edged by Dawkins to make their s tallu ing~ 1·1 in the two age-group meets th ey 've had so fa r this )'car. The girls were led by Memphis' Alicia Ashcraft of the second Presbyterian Church team w ith an exceptional 65,1. l op tumbl ers here were CATT~' Lor i Liegler and \l ick)' Podoj il w ho. WO Ii fo r the girls while l oletlo 's M Jrk Gilliam took the boy's title over Geneva \liking Jess Hopkins.

Boy's compet i tion in 13·14 included the usuall y super pcrlormJnces of Ro n Merrioll 011 tramp with <111 equally super 70.7 score. Two boys in tumbllllg lor th iS age-group did double-back so mersa ult s; I:d Goodman dnd Kevin McKee, both 01 the G)'mworld tC<lfn of Toletlo. They took 1·2 respective l),. Girl's tr<lInp ill this division had some real stars also .15 DiJ Il I issen won w ith 66.7 over Ann I hompsun 's 65.5 blrlier , one f.)Vorite, Shelly Grdnt, over:::. hot .. ~ il1lple move ill the compul so r)' <llld WdS elimin<ucd from th e final s. She then did an H.b I1set, 25.5 score bu t it '.vas too late by then. I he 1S· 1B t!1\,ision fe.l1u red the Y. 7 set 01 MemphiS' ~tua n Ran so m whose 72.7 score was high tor the meet. 1 he girls in thi s even t were led by GUlIl )' Green anu Pri scillJ L<lfkin w ith 6b.B & 65,2 re:::.peulvc ly.

I he tumbllll g cvcnts wcnt to the ultra-clean perlurm.lIlte~ ul (hic.lgo ·s Curt A ust in Jnd Kalh), Severellte Irom 1--I.ll11illOl1 , O h io. Curt 's routine fealured a pund, front .UHJ WdS enough to out · flip l im ja ckson 's double back for the title. The 19·over men 's diVision W.IS WOIl by IIHJi,ana's j im Price in both tr.lInpolinc & tumbling. Jim declined from th c th ree .lIld Ihree·quarters front opcning he used .1 few YCMS ago but pu t in an Jdequate perlormJllce to w ill JllyW.I)'.

Milli· ) rdmp wa!l the special eve nt of the co mpeti tion with m<lIly trampolini sts and tumblers Irylll g II tor the first time bcc.lUse of it 's relatio nsh ips belvvcen the o ther two event s. Exccptiondl perlorll1dnce!l vve re put in by Doug DJ wklll s. PJul W.ll kISS, Di.1I1 N issen , Janice Cary, Diane Gold~worth)' . hJ Goouman, Ron Merriott and Mithiko D.lwkins fo r the younger Age Groups. Mike Wh itc and Curt A ustin were top perlormers among the o lder boys.


Team Key: A - Ait Gymnastics·Colt·s Neck , NJ . Ooug AI" Coach ; C - Copp Academy CAllS, Wi lloughby, 0 - Bill Copp, Coach ; CY -Caro ndalet YMCA , SI. Lo uis, Mo .• Bob Hauharl , Coach; 0 - Douglas Gymnastics, San Bru no, Cal. · Doug Dawki ns, Coach; GW - Gym \tVorld, To ledo , 0- Nei l Godbey, Coach ; H - Homewood Schools, Homewood, III .. Tom Watk iss, Coach; KC -Kansas Cit y 1 rampolin e Club, KJll sas City, Mo .• Paul Swaffo rd, Coach; MD - Mar ilyn Denni s School, Hamil ton , o· Denni s Hargate.Coach; NJ - New Jersey Tra mp Champs, Li vi ngston . NJ . Dave Coons, Coach ; PH - Pete Bu sh GYlllnast ics, Fa irport , NY - Pete Bush, Coach; PC - Pa lli Ca lvert School , Taylorvill e, Ill. . Pa lli Ca lvert , Coach; PR -2nd Presbyterian Church, Memphis, Tn . • Bill Ko igers, Coach: R - Rock ford Trampo line Club, Rockford III. . Bonnie Ekstrom, Coach; SH -Shelbyv ill e Gym Club, Shelbyvil le. Ind. - Jim Price, Coach; SP - Springfield Gymnasti CS, Springfield III. - Je rry Clark, Coach; SP -Springfield Gymnastics, Springfield, III .. Jerry Clark , Coach; SF - Stanford Foster Eagles, Wickliffe, 0 - Bill Stanfo rd, Coach ; TT -lrampoline Town USA, Rockford III. . Bob Boll inger, Coach; V - Geneva Vikings, Geneva, 0 • Vern Diet rich , Coach; WM - \t\fayne Miller School. Cedar Rapids, Iowa • IAl ayne Mi ller, Coach ; Y - Yongue's Club, Memphis, Tenn . • Jim Yongu e, Coach; U - Una ttached. 10-under events BOY' s Tramp: Ken Kovach, C 64.1; Ta ylor French, Y 56.4, Mark Va len ti , C 56,0 ; Dan Misener, V 52.3, Mike Gilliam, G\'\f 50.8; 10m Loe. GVV 45.5. Hoy's Synchro : Kovach / Valen,i , C 20.8. Boy's Tumbling: 1 0111 Loe. G\,V 19.50, Mike Gilliam , GW 16.05; Do n Misencr. V 13.80 ; Mike Eva ns, ~H 12.05; Mark Valenti , ( 10.70. Boy's Mini Tr : Ken Kovach, C 12.8; 1\J\.nk Va lent i, C 11 .8; Don

ti se ller, V 10.6. Girls Tramp: DiJn e Gold swo rthy 66.0; Manon Ihompson. Y b4 ,1; Kathy Hartnett , CY 62.9; I en Bloedel, ~p 62.8; JoAnne Guhman, CY 61.9; Cheri Mohdll, ~P 61,b; Lil Nobis, TT 61.1;, Girl ' s Tumbling: 1 rilC)' Long, MD 27.3; Diane Goldswo rthy, 11 26.3 ; Lori DJvidson TT 24.05; li z Nehls 21.25; Jul ene Berrier, V 21 .0. Gi rl ' s Synchro Tramp: Goldswonhy/Davidson TT, 33,5; Harmon/ Young C30,4; Large/~ma rjesse , 5P 30,3; DoIOl1lon/ Bloedel, ~P 21 ,9. Girl 's M ini Tramp: Diane Goldsworthy. 1-1 13.45; Li l Neh ls, 1T 12.7; Lori Da\'I <.15on , 11 12.15; Debbie Ryan , H 11.25; Karen Harmon. ( 10.05; Mary J.ln e Borkowski , C 9.3. 11-12 Events Boys Tramp: Doug DJwkins, D 68.8, Jon Torre,C 66.8; PJu l Watk lss, H 65.0; Gertlru Carges, PU 60.5; Chuck Ryall, H 5&.9; Robby Boswell, H 55.7. Boy's Synchro Tramp: l o rre/ D.l\vk ills, U 30.9; W.lIk iss/ Kyan. H 20.3, Hopkins/ Boswell , U 16.6. Boy's Tumbling: MJrk GilliJ Ill, G\'V 23.35; Jess Ho pk ins . V 21.75; Pau l Wa,ki" . H 19.40; Rob Loe, GW 19.25 ; Geoll Blossom, G\!\I 18.14, Jeff Morris, M D 17.70. Boy's Mini Tramp : Dou g Dawki ns, D 15.95; Pau l Wa,ki ss, H 14.95; Robb y Boswell, H 12.80; Chuck Ryall, H 12.30; jeff Morris, MD 12.25; Geol! Blossom, GVV 11 ,25. Girl' s Tramp: Alicia Ashtralt, PR 65.1 ; Michiko Dawkins, 0 63.9; Li sa Fister. PR 63.6; l erry lhompson, Y 63.3; Darle ne \'Vestbu rg, H 61.8; Dell.1 Sheil. NJ 59.9. Girl ' s Synchro Tramp: I'i ster/ Ashcraft, PK 37.2; I hompson/ l humpson. Y 33.8; HartnetlGuhman, CY 33.3 ; ,h ,el / ,hiel. J 32.1; I'oujul / Va le ll'i , C 28.8; Simsun/ Mohdll , SP 1&.0. Girl 's Tumbling: Laru l,e~ler. C 2&.70; Vicky Pouoji l, C 23.90; I heda lutJs. V 23.65 ; N.II1 CY Dunk le, V 22.85; I ami Combs, MD 20.80; ~hMon Rin g, G\'V 19.85. Girl's Mini-Tramp: Michiko DJwki lls, D 13.7 ; Darlene West burg , H 11.8; Dell .. ~heil. NJ 11.7; Donna Slhlei lier. H 11.&5; Beth t'dirchilu , C 11 .1; Lori Llegler, C 10.&. 13-14 Events Kon Merriott , R 70.7; l ed tO X, Y 65.1; I:d Goouman, GW &3.2; Dan Moore, A 63.0; JIIll VValker, PK 59.6; 10m Da y, KC 59.1 . Boy's Synchro Tramp : Merrioll / f--ox 39.4 ; Da y/ KJrgus. U 22.4. Boy's Tumbling: I:d Goodm.lll, Gw 32.27; Kevin McKee , GW 29.92; Mike KcK ec, GW 23.85; Jack Ustar, C 19.20; DJn Moore. A 9,23. Boy's Mini lramp: Ron M emott . R 14.95; hi Goodman, GW 12.85; 10111 D<l )' . KC 12.4: Dall Moore, A 11.35 ; Jack Ustar , C 9.95; Girls Tramp : Dia n N issen, WM 66.7, Anne Thompson, Y 65.6; Linda Spi tznagel, CY 64.5; Tia Wh ippi er, C 63.6 ; Jod i Novak , H 63.0; Aven f airchi ld, C 59.8. Gi rl 's Synchro Tramp: Novak/ Westburg, H 37.0; Hartnett / Spi tznagel, CY 33.8; Da w ki n s / To r re, U 32,6; Whippier/ Fai rch ild . C 29.1 ; Camhi / Kernan , NJ 22.4; Podji l/ Fai rchil d , C 18.8. Gir ls Tumbling: l erri Bemcr , V 26. 50; Lis.1 Podo;il , C 26.1U; Michelle Prosscr , M l) 21 .40, (im.! y Ross , M D 21.20; Avcn 1·.lIfchdd . C 20.55; Michell e Koch, MLJ 20.00. Gi rl's Mini Tramp : Dian Nissen, WM 14.5; Jalll(c C.II )'. H 14.4; l oui Novak , H 13.4; l ia \"' hippler. C. 12.45; K.lren Kern.Ill, NJ 12.0; Aven I·airchilu . C 11.85. 15-18 Eve nts

·30.9; ~mitl' /Kuv.Kh , C 24.9. ~Oy's Tumbl : Curt Au~ t ln. 34.8 1; IlIl l l.u k'lOIl.l/vV 19.52;JUll lh ·r!/. GW 23.99; I)l'llIH :::' It'l1k ..,. ~ I 11.53, Hay's M ini Tr.lmp: Mlkc WIHh·. I I 14.9; juhn ~lUr( hv,lIl. KC 13.75; R.I Y Ruwe. Y 13.55; Curt j\LJ ~ I IJ1, U 11.95; RUIl Smith. C 11.5; KUJ1 ~lt·b('II, V 11.05 .. Girl 's Tramp: GIIlIl )' lor l'Cl 1. Y 66.8; 1-'11:::'<.111.1 LMk in . Y &5.2; P,lIt y LlJ g l· ~. PH 5&.8; I.I ~" I 1J 1Ib~ky . V 39. 1. Girl 's Synchro Tramp: 1..11 klll / Grecn, Y '18.7. Girl's Tumbling: K<lthy ~l'Ve l l'l1(e, NllJ 10.26 ; lkth lu rk.ili. C 8.7&, LI ~ .1 lJub~ky, V 7.73. Girl 's Mini Tramp: LI :::'d I) ub~ky. V 10.3 5; Helll I Ull.tlI.C 9.b5; Cheryl Courl. C 9.b; V.lIH· S~ .1 t-,lIfthdd . l. 8. 5; Lind.1 L.lJ so ll. C. 8.4 . 19-0ver events Men's Tramp: lUll PII(t.'. ~H n .o. Men's Tumbling: JII11 Pll te, ~I I 17.35 ; 1).lve "-1 .!Jet. C 13.45; M en's Mi ni Tramp: 11111 PliLe , ~ II -U . O ; U.IV(' Kr.IJ ct. C 11.5. NEW ENGLAND A.A.U . JUNIOR OLYM PIC

GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSH IPS

Held at the Prov idence Turners gymnastics club Ma y H, 1974, Three Proviuence Turn er boys won the First Place all around medals in each of th e three age group ca t ego rie~.

In the 10·12 age group Paul Da Roch a won 7 gold medals placi ng first in all 6 events and also won the all arou nu.

In the 13·14 age group Kobert Connell won 6 gold and 1 bronle also won the all around .

In the 15·1B age group john Kujawski won 7 gold meda ls placing fi rst in all 6 evcnts anu winn ing the gold medal for all around.

Final Top Three St andin gs for all arou nd are: 10-12 ; Paul Da Kocha (Prov. rurn ers) 77.15; David Bergheimer (Prov. Turners) 58.30; Dennis Derocher (prov. Turners) 56.95. 13-14: Robert Con nell (Prov. Tu rners) 76.25; Davi d Da Rocha (Prov. Turners) 67.45; Ronald Goodwin (Bellingham) 56.26. 15-18: John Kujawski (Prov. Turners) 85.25; Charles Goodwi n (Bellingham) 58.35; Thoma s Ole ary (New Bedford) 3&.20.

1974 NORTHEAST REG ION YMCA GIRLS GYMNASTICS CHAMP IONSH IPS

The 2 da y NO rlheaSl Regional YMCA Gir ls Gymnast ics Championships were held Ap ri l 6&7, 1974 a' ' h e Springfield , (Mass) YMCA. Mr. Gene Cote. Cha irman of the Regional Executive Committee, was meet director and M rs. Noreen Connell was Judge Superior. Th is 2 day meet featu red Intermed iate and/ or Adva nced Compulsories o n Saturda y and Optio nal Competi ti on on Sunda y.

138 girls from 17 YMCA Teams in New York. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rh ode Island had previously qua li fied for Ihis cha mpionsh ip meet by obtaining qualifying scores in regional meets in intermediate or adva nced level USGF Compulso ries and 117 of th ese girls qualified all around. 121 girls from 16 " Y" teams actua lly reg istered and compe ted in the championships.

Under the " Rules Gove rning NE Regio n YMCA Girls Gymna stics · 1973," the competitors who performed I nterm ed iate leve l USG F Com pulsories had 1.0 per event (4,0 all around ) deducted from their co mpulsory scores to more fai rl y integrate this age group champ ionship competition using both intermediate level and the more difficult advanced level co mpulsories.

The result s and p lacings following are the scores w ith these deduct ions al read y applied. Tea m: Fall River, Mass. 478.25; Paw tucket , R.I. , 398.50; Fi tch Leominster . Mass. 367.90. AIIAround (12 -under): Margie Foster, Glove rs 63.90, Ju dy Cote, F. Ri ve r, 58.45; Liz Marino, Tr i Comm. 57 .55. (13-14) : Colleen Thorndon, Plain 58.60; Joan ne Egon, vVes t. 57 .05; Carol Seeley, vVesl. 54.25. (15 and over): Rosa nne Kennedy, Gloversville 61.60; Kathy Cote, F. Ri ver 60.25; Va ler ie Roe, Gloversville 57.75.

YMCA NATIONALS By Bill Burra

Men' s Championships Team: Sea tt le (Dwntwl1), \t\fash. 279.85 ; New Orl ea ns (Lee Cir. ), La. 246.00 ; Eu gene, Oregon 163.90; Charloue, N .l. 127.85; (only 4 ,eams). All Around : Jim Kelch (E ugene) 100.70; Bruce McGarthlin (Charlone) 97.45; Mike fos ter (New Orl ea ns) 93.55 ; Bjorn HermJnson (Sea llle) 91 ,20; Jo e Hughes (Sea u le) 85.70; Pe,er Paul soll (Seau le) 78.70. Women's Championships Team: Seattle (Dwlllw n), \'Vash. 210.15; Lake O swego 198.10; \t\fest Seattle, Wa sh. 186.85; New Orlea ns (Lee Cir.). LJ. 185.30 ; Green Ba y, \"fisc. 178.40; W e:::.t h~ex, N. J. 171.75. All Around : Debbie Ha ll e (Seaule ) 70.70; Laure l Anderso n (Sea ltle) 70.60; Palli Lanterman (Seaule) 68.1 5; C illd l' Wacke r (Lake Oswe~o) 66.90; Je lli fe r Selima II (Lake O swego) 65.80; Judy Putnam ( lew Orl ea ns) 65.10.

Boy's Trampoli ne: ~tUM t R<IIl SO Ill , Y 72.7; John Sl urd iv.lIl, NJ 65.9; John Hookings, PR 65.4; Curt Auslin, U b5.2 ; ROil ~mith, c 62.1; Tim Jackson , GW 61.3. Boy's Synchro Tramp: \!\Ihit e/ Aus tin, U 37.7; Ransom/ Rowe. Y 36.8; Walker Hook ings, PR 35.4; Sievert / Sturdiva n, U 34.7 ; Bush Kargus, PB

Jim Kelch and Debbie Hail e were each outstandi ng performers in th eir respective championships. Debbi e was in fine form and apparent I)' this was " her year" again. Aller Ihe semi· final s (team and all around competition ) she was trying an uneven bars di smount she planned to use in the fi nals, had a freak landing and severel)' injured her right kne(' (a severed ligament , I think). It was a bad " l rf"!ak " fo r her , and , w e all felt very sadJened.

LBCC Wins 6th Consec utive State Tille Alt hough not breaki ng their 1973 tea m scorE

record of 16H.6 Long Beach successfu l ly defenueo it's Stale crown with .1 162.0 to 135.0 v ic to ry ovel runner·up Pasadena,

Golden \!Vest College hosted the (wO da y event with the team championship 011 May 4th and the individuals on May 6th.

Long Bcach concl uded anolher undefea ted season by estab lishing a 78 undefeated dual meet streak and 7t h consecuti ve conference titles to go along with th e 6 stra igh t stat e titles.

The teaml11eet sa \ .... Long Beach wi n every event total; led by all-around performer Tim Deedsand highlighted by a 9.2 parallel bar routin e from Donn Leavenworth. Harold Maghe's fine performance on Pommel Ho rse and Rings together with Elliot Schnee's 9.0 on Rin gs kept the stat e crown in Long Beach fo r an other yea r.

Pasadena was w ithout their fine all-around performer Sco tt Farmer due to a hand injury but had fine individual performances from freshmen Steve Pitzek on floor Exercise and M ikeMaurizio on Rin gs along with the sta tes top performer on horizontal bar Tom \"'aISOI1.

Winning Routines Indiv idual Fi nals FREE EXERCISE Tim Deeds LBCC9.15 Soph . BHS

splits · roll straddle L Press Hand· back wa lkover · front pik e stepout immediat e aeria l wa lkover -spin 10 straddle split s · Valdez roundoff sid e · roundoff back handspri ng full twist.

POMMEL HOR SE Hdro ld Maghe LBCC 8.8 freshman. On enuloop wa lk arountl· back moore travel in· moore· back moore travel d own - loop back stockl i in • sc issors - travel to wa lkaround Olympic off. (Had a si t down 0 11 horse. ) RI NGS Elliot Schnee LBCC 9.2 freshman. Di sloca te st raight arm shoot · giant straight arm - lower to maltese - collapse 10 kip cross· pull up to suppor! st rai ght arm press· giant to full twi st.

VAUL Tl NG Freeman LACC 9.3 Sophomore. Carlwheel back (ex tremely high and far,)

PARALLEL BARS DOIIII Lea vellwonh LBCC 8.8 Sophomore. Cast su pport swing pivot· stuel z hand la)' front ri se· hop pi vot· SlUetz hand· back toss hand - Diamodov . back full off (missed dismounL)

HORIZO, TAL BAR Tom WalSoll PCC 9.3 SOph Ofl'lOre. Tom 's rOlltine was done w ith immediate movement s and diffi cult to remember. Highli ghts include hop LO eagles · hecht vaul! . toe on to immediale hop· hop pivo t to immediate w ilder kip to a h igh double dismount.

Indi vid ual Results: Floor b:ercise: Deeds· L13 9.15 ; Sowell - Har 8.65, Cook - DV 8.65; Parades · Har 8,55; M aya · ElA 8.55; PilZek - PCC 8.50. Pommel Horse: Mdghe • LB 8.8 ; Parent · LB 8.6; Duarte· LB 8.55 ; Curtis· GV\f 8.15; Marchi· LB 8.10; Schall - LB 7.60. Rings: Schnee · LU9.20; Murufus ·LB 8.70; Krau s· GW 8.55; Ma~he - Lll 8.50; Wallace - Va l 8.40; Deeds - LU 8.40. Va ulting: Freeman· LA 9.30; Bason · SAC 9.15; Deeu :::. • U:J 8,85; KdUg.IfJ . pee 8.85 j LdRu t;! - LB 8.70; Wilson - SAC 8.1 0. Parall el Bars: Leavenwort h - LB 8.80; Deeds· LB 8,65; MJghe · LB 8.G5j Parent· GVV8.S5; Walson· PCC 8.55; Wilson - SAC 8.10. Horizontal Bar: Watson - PCC 9.30, Wallace - Val 9.05; Deeds · LU 9.00 ; Vowells • Val 8.05; Bason· SAC 7.90; S'ri ckly - LB 7.80. A ll-Around: Deeus - LB 49.35j Bason - SAC 44.95; SchJtz . LH 42.65; P.Ir.l des . Har 42.50, Wil son· SAC 42.45; Paren' - GW 38.95.

Team Results LBCC: FX 25.80. 1'1-1 25.10, R 26.00, V 26.10, PB 25 .50. HB 25.60. AA 8.02. PCC: I' X 24.10, 1'1-1 14.00, R 23.40, V 25.55 , PB 19.30, HB 22.50, AA 5.50.

59

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60

~LETTERS~ F UTUHE AA CHAMP

1974 P. N.D. CHAMPIONSHIPS (P rep<l rcd nallll' ,11 Deli vc ry)

M<IITil IU. 1974 Sl.. Vi nccnts Hos pital

Bi lli ngs. Monla n,1 Preparat ion for lilis big c vcnl bcgan montils

ago . Sincc tilis II'as our fi rs t Limc running tilis ty pc of m cet. we lOok 6 c lasscs (missi ng t il e 7lil) concerned II'itil mcet org<lIlizaUon a nd planni ng.

Things wcnl I'cry s moolill y even though thc meet time II'as mOI'cd up about two weeks in adl'ance to <1I'oid a conflict wi til the 1 .A. I. A. Nationals II'hi ch lilecoach \\"<IS invo lvcd w ith <llso.

Organ izat ion for lile m cct was wo rld-class e vcn though the l11ee t d irector (Dr. Hulit) was out of tOII·n.

Thc real coacil (S us ie) ,lIld her ass is i;lIlt coach (Jay) fell tile ol'crall I'icw of thc I11cc t was I'cry crril"ient and conlrolcd. mcmbers of tile c rowd <Ig rccd tlwt 4 hours for t il c lola lmcelw<ls record time.

1\)74 P. N.D. UIAMPIO NSH IPS MEET HES ULTS

Name Lengt il Weig il t D<lle

Jason 191., in . G Ibs. Jill! Tr~l\·e rs 8 ounc 174

Shall'

Expccted al'crage sco r e - IU.U Place - 1s t All-Around

Time

J: 44 pm

'J'houg lll yo u 111Ighl e nj oy the resulls of tile lsl P. N. D. Ch<lmpionships. Undoubtcdly lilc avg. scorc is one of l hc highesl in t il e n<lti on. Prob<lbly cI'en bet ter lhan tilc AAU Sr. Nalls. I ilosted in April.

Jay Shaw Gymnas tics Coaeil Eas tern Montana Co llcgc Bi ll ings. Mo nt ana

WOMEN 'S HO UTl NES

Dear Sir .. .... Let·s ha ve mor e tcaeh ing ilints. new moves. 1I'0l11cn's rouLincs (as y ou often listmen· s. ilow abou t womcn's a lso. espceia ll y tile el ites). So muc il about "gossipy " typc news is not rcall y appealing. A niee pielure Centerfold onee in a wilil e - plain on l il e otiler s ide - wou ld be ni ee.

Sincerely Gcorgia D. F c rrell Urs inus Co llege Co ll egel· ill c. Pa.

E D. HEQUEST NOTED

MICH IG AN GYMFEST Dear Mr. Sundby.

Michiga n is pl anni ng a Gy mfesl lhis s ummer a long our Lakc Michigan shor el ine in Ludington .

P leasc send information as to how you anehored the bars in lile sa nd. Did you ha ve a floUl' exe rcise mat ·) Did lilcy va ult in the sa nd') Wou ld a ppreciate a ny olilcr pcrLincnl inform ation to make lile fir sl Mieilig<lnmCel a suecess so that it wi ll beC0l11C a ll iJnnual event.

Gymnastiea ll y y ours. Patricia iVl. Jcnscn Ornastie Coac il

LudinglOn High School Ludington, MidI

ED: To ancilor tile a ppa r a tus we di g holes in the sand 111'0 to three feet deep. Put a chain through lhe whol e of a 25 lb . ba rbe ll plate knot or put a bolt through th e end of th e c ha in La keep it secure (a half inch thick ply board at least a foot sq uare with a hole for the cha in to go through attached to a pipe or small s teel s lat on th e other s ide (to distribute th e force ) would a lso work). The cha in s hould be J to 4 ft. in length ... attach the cha in La

lhe plate or board a nd drop in lhe hol e and fill the hole with sand making su r e you hal'e left one e nd of th e c ha in aboH' the sand for a ll ac hing the a pparatus. Olll'e fill('d y ou II'illnot be a hl e to pull it out , hOII"l'I"l'r yo u m ay hm'e to m ake a few tighll'ning adj ust nH' nts as th e chain seeks the ri g ht prl'ssur(' a ng lt' to th (' apparatus. We usually use "S" hooks lI'hilt' sq uar ing up and tightening and bolts and washe r s for thl' final connections of th e l'iIain and thl' a pparat us. II" the e nd of the appa r a tus yo u use does not ha l 'c a l'iIain on the l'nd YO Ul'an USl''' U" holts to attach c ha in to ca ble. As to the F loor EXl'rl'is(' ... we find a le l'e l spot and put down mats or s('l' tions of foam mat a nd cover with a l'alll'as I·OI"l'r . WI' use sand on th e edge of the m at l'OH'r to hold it a ll in place. We us ua lly plal'l' the Vau lting ho rse inlhe sand a t th e l'OI'l1['r of lh(' m a t l\"ith the bea t board in the sa nd on thl' m a t a nd run the diagonal of the mat ,",lUlting thl' horsl' and landing in th e sand. At our San ta Mo nil' a Gymfest we hm'e open competition for boys and gil' ls on SaUirday & Sund ay II 'ith the top l\"inn ers qualify ing for the finals on Labor Day .... "GOODLU(;K" G.S .

FOHEIG N A I[) ... At the mome nt I a m wo rking at m y

exami na tion lI'ork - (I'm s tudying spo rt s al a German unil 'ersity) - I\" ilh the folloll"in g lhemc: "The profit (furthe r ance) an d da nger injury of

fl'mall' gy mnastics for hea lth" B ut the pity is that y ou w ill noL rind c noug h

literature about this problcm in Germany . bceause tili s thcme has beeome <lelu<i1 o nl y recen tl y.

As y ou wi ll s ure ly have madc mo r e experi ences. you mig ht poss ib ly be ab lc to help me. It II'o uld he lp me qu ite <11 01. if y ou could send me a li s t of literature. r e porls a ndresulls or tesLs.

Of s pecial intcres l Lo me wou ld be to leaJ'll to know about el'cnLlwl injuries of s peeia l tra ining methods in the USA. eonceJ'lling gymn <lstics.

Ir you s houldnoL be ab le Lo help m e. I wou ld be ve ry grateful if you wo uld send my leite r to Lhe s uitabl e place

Ma n y th an ks in adl'anee Edith Palm 516 Duren - Gorzenich DureneI' Weg 58 Gei'many

E d. We do no t have material on this s ubj ect in ou r files ... hopl'full y one or more of our readers who may ha l 'e some data on "Injury a nd Future Health of the Female Compe titor" will be kind eno ug h to send y ou their findings. G .S.

Ti-II NGAMAJIG Dea r Glenn :

In Lh e Code of Poinls. Lhe I-'.I.G. inlroduced a "Germ a n " based termi nology for Gym nastics. .U nfortunately . thc g lossary names only perfecL moves , making no provision for er rors .

In coaching hig h sehool g irl s , I rind it necessa ry to describe lcss-Lha n-perfeel gymnastics. As s elf a ppoinLed prcsident o f F. I. l:l. (Fede r <ltion InteJ'llationale des Br eaks). I orrer the rollo w ing sup plement of Icrm s for com m o n booboos. Can your r ca deI's idcntify them')')') WOMEN KIPPE N BUSTO NBAH TUR NE NWOBBLEOFF SLIPPE N BHU IS IN BUTT STRADDLEHOOKE NTOE SPLITTENSCHEAM HOLLENUHOP KRACKE NS HI NN J<:H FLIPPE NFLOPPE NT UC KE NBASH POPPEN BHEAKE NW HIST PIKENW HAPE N BH 'IS INBELLY

MEN VALDEZASTEH HANDGEHIPPEH TH AUMA- LOT SCHWABENWOBBLE SPHAWLON HOHSE CHAGH INIAN DI AMOU-OFF KRE ISSMEAH OH- NO CZECHCUHSE

DwighL M. Church King Philip Hig h Schoo l Wrent ham , Massachu sells


ANOTH E H HOHSEM AN AGHEES Dea r Glenn:

I have read Mr. Hus ty I-loilma n 's edi tori a l page ~9. Feb. I!J74. with g reat in te res t. ".As a s ide horse specia li st I ag ree with Mr . Hoilm a n. I do hope that the gove l'lling powe rs or int e rn a ti oncli gymnas ti cs wou ld st udy thi s old ru ling and hopel'ull y cha nge it.

Keep up the good work. J ack C. Norbeck Copl ay. Pa.

SMA LL FHY POSTE HS Dea l' (; Ienn.

I clm enclos ing se\'e ra l pos te rs so me or ou r 6t h g rade boys m ade 1' 0 1' our gymn ast ic uni t at Skll',II 'd School. (;a rde n City. Long Is la nd. N.Y.

Si ncerely . E d Mull e r (;,lI'(len Ci ty II .S. Cymnaslics Coaeh

Pos ter pa int ers - Tom Ketteri ck a nd Da vid Pay ton

RIDICULO US De;; r E di to r :

" much to my astonis hment a nddism ;;y I see you pu bli s hed the ridi cul ous top ;; II -around gymll<Jsts ra nk ings prev iously published by J e rry Wright" Out 01 th e 35 g irl s li sted 13 or mo re or them ;; re no longer invo lved in na lion;; leompeli 'li on or have qui t gymnas ti cs ' ". Th;;t li s t is completely unl;; ir to the to p rem a le gymnasts in our coun t ry (prob;;bl y jus t as bad lor the m en) ". Who needs a to p AA ra nking anyway" We kn olV who the best gym nasts a re. We don't need our gym n;;sts pu t on the s;;me bas is as rootba ll or basketba ll teams with the ir in ev ita bl e na ti onal ra nkings. Wh;;t we need is more rine ;; I'li c:les like Bies te r re ld L' s Flex ib ili ty Programs whi ch is ineluded in the M;; rch issue. Ir you need to rill up s p;;ce I' d ra ther see a n exciting gymnastic photo or d rawing or some thi ng like thaI. A retraction is in order I

Sillcere ty , J im Ga ul t Di ab lo Gym Club

OUT BUHSTS

" .I' ve enc losed the cur rent USGF Sta ndi ngs hopefu ll y lo r pr int. I do reel very sym pathe ti c 10


the girls \\' ho ha\'e 1V01'ked so ha rd thi s yea r clnd l indt hei l' na m es no IV he re nea r whe re th ey shou ld be"

1974 E LITE ALL AHO UN D PLACEM E NT Best Score rrolll Janu ary or Ma rch Elites. Jr . or Sr . Na tiona ls

I. D. Dunba r 2. .1 . i\ncl t' l"sol1 :1. K.lluwa rd .1. D. Fikl' !). H. P i t'ITt' ti. 1\. Carr i . . J. Hin' X. B. 1\I )sla k !1. D. lIill

III . L. (;O\ 'in I I . K . (; aY llor 12. J . YtH:UIll 1:1. B. Call I 11'1'11 l ·t. N. Thi ('s l.i, D. Chl's h:n' II;. c. Dowa lihy I i. 11. Pay lUll " . D. lIalll' 1!1. D . Wa lk l' l" 20. S. t\ reht'r ~ 1. S. Ca ll1wl'lI

Th a nk Yo u Si neerely. Jac kie I,'ie

/ ·1. :).)0 i ·I .200 i:LliOU 7:1. -1.; 0 7:1. 1.')0 i:l.lUU 7:1. 11 .-)11 i2.XOII i2.:r)u i2.:mu ,2.200 il .!JIIO 7 1 .X~,1I

i l .:>~ 11

7 1. :>II U i l AIlO "i l.l :W i l.l :;tJ "i 1.1II0 i l.lIIJII i U.!J:;U

~ l. T . Hl'I' 11 :c::L C. isr at' l ~ -1. L. i\ ndt'l"s ull ~ .1. K . ~ luII(,y

~6. C. En g lt'rt ~7 . S . Phillips ;no S. (;ross ~i. K . Sho(wt'll :W. C. Diamond :1 1. D. E " " I,, "d :12. P. S pi ra :Il. C. ~ Ialill (' h "k 3-L I.. Antonio 3:)_ K. Sa ndt'rs :16. H . BII'a ll,,' r :li. K. Cast' y :n. L. N l' ut ~. :H.I. 1.. Ca in :HJ . P . Litu\\"sk.r ·11. C. Fiz ('11 -1 l_ S. S trome r

Director . US(;I' Wo men's Techni ea l COlll m ittee

iO. !J:J U i tl. !JIJO i ll .SIIO 70 . SIIO i O. fiUtJ 70 _.");,11 i lL 3311 711 .. "):>11 7U .. ~)1I0 'II .-J;)O '1I .·HlII ilL-HIli ill. :ll;) i IJ .:WII iIJ .l ~) 1I

i ll .lllll i ll .llHl ,11.11111 i ll . 11111 i(J .II.~,U

tiiJGO

E d. Sorry we did ' not double check a mi erronc oLl s ly printed an out da t.ed girl s i\A li s ting.

CHI NESE ACHOBATICS

Dea l' Mr. Sundby: My fr iend jus t sent me;; postc;; rd 01 the la m ous

Chinese "C;;nton Acrob;; li c Tea m " pe rlorm ing on two poles. I thought m aybe yo u and the Gymnas t. readers would like to sh;; re this picture with m e. This "C;;nton Aeroba lic Te;; m " is one 01 the bes t 01 China.

Si ncerely , Dav id Wo ng Cost;; Mesa, Ca li fo rni ;;

CONCE RNE D

Gentlem en: There is a we ll public ized conflict between the SGF a nd som e 01 its m embe r org;; ni za li ons , the

substa nce of which incl udes scheduling 01 na lion;;1 m eets , gymnast qu ;; lilica lion lor in te l'l1a li ona l events , the ri ghts to ;; n age g roup program , a nd the wo rd "olympics."

I a m concerned. T he publie politi c ing and power pl ayi ng seem to be hurt ing m y spor t.

I ;; m a YMCA coach in a n AAU JO prog ram unde r the USGF as the oili c ia l gymn;;stic wo rd . My limi ted v iews 01 the conflict ;; re m y nona uthori t;;t ive in te rpreta lions of the ir respective newspapers.

What is ha ppening with m y sport·) Who a r e the org;;ni za lions? What ;;re they doing" Wha t a re the ir jus tifi ca lions" Also, in a si mila r ve in , I unde rstand tha t the U.S. gove l'l1ment is pass ing lmvs concel'l1ing a m a te ur s ports. How will it ;; ilect gymnasti cs '!

I be lieve tha t the above to pi cs could lo rm the b;;s is or excell ent news sto ries a nd edi to l·ia ls. Such coverage wo uld be eagerly read by those concel'l1ed with the luture 01 a sports' magaz in e. Cer ta inl y, a n unbi ased presenta tion of the racts is not poss ible throug h the YMCA. USGF, or AAU news nor consis tent with the Nissen News obj ec ti ves. There lor'e , I look to you as the so urce 01 accu rate a nd responsib le reporting.

Tha nk you lor your cons ide ra lions a nd tha nk you lo r your m any pas t res ponses to the needs 01 .he gym nas ti c community.

Sincerely , Russ Rhineha r t Gymnastic Coach, YMCA Roc k Hill , South Ca rolin a

E D: We try t.o br ing our readers accura te reports about. wha t is happening , but sometimes it is diffi cult to obt.a in t.h e inform a tion. For a s ta rt, reader s ca n refer to Dick Criley's VIE Wpoint columns wherc he co vcrs some of thcse topi cs of interes t.

61

nordisk lurnfeslival SCANDINAVIAN GYMNASTIC fESTIVAL

haugesund NORGE 21.- 251. JUNI 1915

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I NameMail 10: I

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I Address Sundby Publi cat ions I I . . P.O. Box 110 I

Cit y State Z,p Santa Monica , Ca . 90406 I I __ -~---------~-------------

Aug. 16-26 USGF WILL SEN D JU NIOR TEAM TO TO UR JAPAN . According to AAU News, Erna Wachte l will tour w ith the team as tea m manager. Aug. 24 USGF JUNIOR OLYM PIC NATIONALS, Na ti onals Turn er Camp in A lgonquin , III. MD: Mr. Paul Fina, 222 Scott swood, Ri verside , Illino is 60546. Aug. 31-Sepl. 1&2 SANTA MON ICA GYM FEST Sa nta Mon ica Beach Park #4 Sep. 27-28 FI NAL TRI ALS FOR WORLD GAMES: MEN at U of Texas at Austin , WOMEN at Long Beach, Ca. Oct. 14-19 AAU NATIONAL CONVENTION, Washington, D.C. Ocl. 20-27 WORLD GAMES M unich, Germ any (or Va rn a, Bul ga ria ) USGF TOUR from Oct. 14-28 ... Contact: Wm. Meade, Gymnastic Coach, Sourthern Illino is, Carbonda le, Illino is 62901 Nov. 8-10 USGF CONGRESS site changed from Denver to Chicago. According to USGF News, " In addit ion to the busy schedule sta rtin g Friday morning, the USGF has arranged to sta rt the Ru ss ian Tour in Chicago on November 8, with Olga Korbut and Ludmilla Turi shcheva lead ing the Women Gymnasts and Andrianov and Kllmenko lead ing the Men Gymnasts. The World AcrobatiC ChampIOns and the World Modern Rh ythmic Champions wi ll also perform on the tour. Mr. Yurr Tllov, Chief of Gymnastics in the USSR, is expected to address the Congress. A ll of the Ru ss ian gymna515 wi ll be invi ted . Advance registration will be $25.00 w hich w ill also include the Saturday night cocktail part y and the USGF Banquet, and a ticket to the Russian performance on Frid ay evening. Adva nce registrations close November 1, late regi strations w ill be $30.00. Please mail your registration check to USGF Congres?, Box 4699, Tucson, Arizona 86717.

Nov. 8-23 RUSSI AN TE AM TOUR OF USA: Nov. 8-9 Chicago; Nov. 12 San Fransc isco; Nov. 13 Los Ange les; Nov. 15 New York; Nov. 17-18 Boston ; Nov. 20 Cleve land; Nov. 22 -23 Spokane, Washington (a t World Fair) Nov. 27-Dec. 9 CH UNICHI CUP, Nagoya, Japan Dec. (early) FIRST USGF PRE-QUALIFYING Meet and QualifYin g (women) round (Pan Am Games) 8.75 Ave. Dec (3rd week) FIRST PAN AM TRIAL for Men select sq uad of 12 1975 Feb. 14-15 FIRST ELITE Q UALIF YING MEET (Top 20 girls advance to Pan Am Trial s) Mar. FI NAL TRI A LS for Pan Am Games for men and women late Mar. Top 7 go Lale March STATE USGF MEETS (21&22 preferred 28&29 cons idered also) April 18-19 NATIO NAL YMCA BOYS AND GIRLS Champion ships in Cambridge Ohio April 26-May 11 PAN AM GAMES in Sao Paulo, Brazil April 4-5 A IAW NATIONALS April 11-12 USGF REGIONAL MEETS May 15-17 AAU SR. NATIONALS at Kennedy Sr. HS., Ceda r Rapids , Iowa July 18-23 CANADA TO CONDUCT PRE-OLYMPIC COMPETITION at Montrea l Forum July 1-5 BER LI N - 6th GYM NAESTRADA 20,000 active parti cipatns and 20,00 supporters from 40 countries are ex pected to be present. The World Gymnastics Festi va l feat ures popular shows and instruction performances (no competing event s) demonstrating the many Sides of gymnastics and physical training. Va rious age groups w ithin the member organizations of the intern ational Gymnastics Federation, German and foreign gymnast ics schools, univers ity institutes, athletics schools, colleges of ph YSIca l education and teaching academies w ill conduct the performances. There w ill be spec ial performances by the indiv idual countries, gymnastics performed by the world 's best on olympic eq uipment, the FIG Congress, the scientific symp05l um and many exhibitions. The sports grounds for the Sixth Gymnaestrada Berlin 1975 are the exhibition grounds beneath th e Funkturm, the neighbourrng DeUl5chlandhalle, and the ice- Hockey stadium, the sport s faCilities at the Mommsen Stadium, the O lympic Stad ium, the schoenberg swimming pool, va riou s distri ct athletics faci liti es, as we ll as th e German Opera Hou se Berlin, the Philharmonic and the Congress Hall. Nov. 8-9 EUROPE AN CHAMPIONSHIPS for wo men, Norway Ocl.? WORLD CUP Men and Women, Madrid, Spain 1976 There is a possibi lit y that the 1976 FIG Congress w ill be held in Montreal just before the Olympic Games

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A OUiCk <'Performance Check for Your Nissen Mats

Your Nissen tumbling , wrestling , and floor exercise mats are the finest quality available. However, the protective value of any filler or foam can diminish over a period of time. These mats should be inspected regularly for soft spots that may develop and be kept serviceable with firm foam.

Why not take 10 seconds now to try the Thumb and Ruler Test. Place a six-inch wood dowel, one-half i~ch in diameter, in representative areas of the mat. If the dowel can be pressed downward with your thumb (using moderate pressure) below the bottom edge of the ruler when the ruler is placed across the dowel, further investigation is indicated. You should call our TOLL FREE phone number listed below for additional information.

930 27TH AVENUE S.W., CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA 52406

Region 1-Mass., Conn., Vermont, N. Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island . ... ... . . , Phone: 413/ 733-7927

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Region 5-0re., Wash., Cal., Col., N. Mex., Ariz., Idaho, Nev., Utah, Mont., Wyo. . . Phone: 800/ 553-7901 In Alaska, Hawaii .. .. .... .. ... ... ..... ... . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . . ... Phone: 319/ 365-7561

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Gymnast Magazine - June/July 1974

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