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1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
H2 – Mobility of the future
Based on material provided by courtesy of BMW Group AG
2
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Mobility – The engine of progress
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Mobility – The engine of progress
mobility = an important economic factor
reliable infrastructure as a business advantage
mobility is an indicator of wealth and an important
factor of globalisation
Challenge: To arrive to sustainable mobility
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Mobility – The engine of progress
Disadvantages of mobility
depletion of the world’s crude oil and natural gas reserves
increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere
increase in traffic volume and traffic congestion
health risks for human, animal and plant life through harmful emissions (e.g. sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides)
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Mobility – The engine of progress
Possible solutions
energy conservation
use of renewable energy (solar energy, hydroelectric power, wind power, biomass)
implementation of hydrogen as an energy source
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Fossil energy sources are finite
Reserves are running out Growth of the world’s population causes energy
demand to increase Lifespan of individual energy sources in years:
Source: German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources
169
65
42
coal
natural gas
cruide oil
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Fossil energy sources are finite
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH On the move with hydrogen
The discovery of hydrogen: hydrogen = ύδωρ-hydor (water) + γεννώ-
gennο (generate) hydrogen pioneers: Paracelsus, Robert Boyle,
Henry Cavendish, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Two thirds of the Earth’s atmosphere is made
up of H2
On Earth H2: water (H 66%-O 33%), organic compound (H 48%-O 28%)
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
as a component of water, a resource available in large quantities
environmentally compatible as part of the biological life cycle
its oxidation creates pure water
easily transported and stored in compressed gas form or as a supercooled liquid
releases chemically stored energy in the form of heat, or in the form of electricity and heat in fuel cells
high energy content = suitable as fuel for cars
H2 as the energy source of tomorrow
A storage medium for heat and electricity: hydrogen = ideal energy source to bridge the time
and distance gaps between supply and demand: energy source
energy content fuel for cars
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH H2 as the energy source of tomorrow
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH H2 as the energy source of tomorrow
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH On the way to our energy source of the future
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH On the way to our energy source of the future
Advantages of Sustainable Energy: fossil fuel resources no longer burnt
cyclical system: hydrogen as well as the energy required to generate it are derived from
renewable sources
combustion of hydrogen emits no greenhouse gases
local power supply in the home and cars
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
The next steps development of a wide-ranging H2 infrastructure
today: extraction of hydrogen from fossil-fuel
resources (above all natural gas) – cost-effective but
not ecological
aim: hydrogen production using renewable energy
sources – production processes more expensive, but
without CO2 emissions
On the way to our energy source of the future
hydrogen production using renewable energy
reduction in costs through series production making
the hydrogen economy financially competitive
sources
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH On the way to our energy source of the future
Cost Of H2
Renewable energy sources: Solar power produced H2 today has a cost of 21 € / KWh
Natural gas (CH4) as a starting point has significant cost advantages (cost of 7 € / KWh)
Depends on the primary source of energy used:
During the transition phase: Use of “intelligent mix” of fossil and renewable fuel.
Possible Solution
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH On the way to our energy source of the future
Emissions versus cost of fossil fuels and renewable energy
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
loss-free storage for approx. 12 days
thermal insulation through double-shell vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks with super-insulation
through crash tests
Properties of the tank Cryogenic tank variant
goal: travel as far as cars with petrol engines thermally insulated tank carrying liquid hydrogen
Hydrogen in the car
Ecological fuelling and travelling fuelling
crash tests
Cryogenic tank variant
pressure up to max. five bar: -253 to -245° C
Safety guarantee
different safety-relevant behaviour to petrol
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH The case of the electric car:How do you store electricity?
The problem of storing electricity: electrical energy can only be used when stored in an
intermediate storage medium (e.g. as chemical energy in a battery)
expensive and inefficient additional stage
The advantages of electrically powered cars: quiet over 90 % efficiency low emissions
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
The solution: electric cars powered by fuel cells
Batteries are not the alternative cannot achieve the same energy density as petrol
and diesel not endlessly rechargeable too expensive too heavy and large operating range limited to 100-150 kilometres
fuel cells electricity generated from chemical reaction between
hydrogen and oxygen recharging not necessary due to onboard tank
The case of the electric car:How do you store electricity?
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH The fuel cell – electricity from hydrogen
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
Advantages of fuel cells eco-friendly and efficient operation with pure hydrogen: low emissionsoperation with pure hydrogen conversion of chemical energy directly into electrical
energy (conversion of more than 1/2 of the energy input into electricity)
much higher efficiency than conventional power plants (no detour via turbine and generator which results to 2/3 of energy loss )
Reaction between H2 and O2 without flame:
"Cold Combustion"
The fuel cell – electricity from hydrogen
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH Fuel cells in use
The Fuel for Fuel Cells
Fuel Cells can run onOn pure H2
On a number of H compounds:
Natural gas (CH4)
Methanol
Biomass
Petrol
CH4+H2O CO+3H2
CO+O2 CO2
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH A new way of thinking – starting today
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH
hydrogen extracted from renewable energy sources
is in some respects cheaper in view of the ecological
“cost” of burning fossil fuels
alternative concepts proposed by DaimlerChrysler
and Opel: electric cars powered by fuel cells
the CleanEnergy approach adopted by the BMW
Group: to build hydrogen-powered cars with internal
combustion engines
BMWhydrogen-powered cars with internal
DaimlerChrysler
hydrogen extracted from renewable energy sources
important: public information about the advantages of
the hydrogen economy
Group
combustion engines
Hydrogen represents the mobility of the
future
A new way of thinking – starting today
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH A new way of thinking – starting today
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HH A new way of thinking – starting today
1st AREHNA Workshop „Mobility-Environment-Health“, Kos, Greece, 3-5 May 2003
HHA new way of thinking - starting today