HORMONES THAT AFFECT BLOOD SUGAR The Pancreas contains two

types of cells Produces digestive

enzymes Produces ______________–

located in structures called the islets of Langerhans

Over 2000 islets (each containing thousands of cells) are scattered throughout pancreas

Islets contain _________ and ______________cells which are responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon

REGULATION OF BLOOD SUGAR

blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)

insulin

body cells takeup sugar from blood

liver storesglycogen

reducesappetite

glucagon

liver releasesglucose

triggershunger

high

low

FeedbackEndocrine System Control

islets of Langerhans beta islet cells

islets of Langerhansalpha islet cells

STORING AND RELEASING GLUCOSE!

Insulin released when blood sugar levels ________ insulin causes cells of muscles, liver, and

other organs to become _________________to glucose. Liver converts glucose to _____________________________

Insulin causes ____________________in blood sugar level

Glucagon causes _________________in blood sugar level (released when blood sugar levels are _____, promotes conversion of glycogen to ____________.

GREAT CANADIANS!

Dr. Charles ________ and Dr. Frederick _____________________

1923 Nobel Prize for the discovery of ________________(Best was excluded!!)

Did not profit from the discovery...unheard of today!

ADRENAL GLANDS

Located above each _______________________ Inner gland – adrenal _____________________

medulla surrounded by outer casing (adrenal cortex), regulated by the _____________________________________ hormones regulate the adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla produces ___________hormones (produced when cells within adrenal medulla are stimulated by sympathetic nerves in times of __________________.__________________________________________________________

FIGHT OR FLIGHT!!

These two hormones initiate fight-or-flight biological responses

blood sugar level _______________________ glycogen converted to _____________________ ensures greater energy reserve available increase _______________and

__________________ rates as well as cell metabolism

blood vessels _____________________= allowing more oxygen and nutrients to reach tissues

irises ___________________________

ADRENAL CORTEX

Stimulated by _______________________________ Produces ___________different types of

hormones___________________________

one of the most important - ____________________, increases level of _______________________in blood and helps in recovery of stress by being converted to _________________ in liver, supplying more ______________________needed for repair or recovery by cells or participating in protein synthesis

____________________________ Salt and water balance – ALDOSTERONE!

____________________________ Small amounts!

LONG TERM STRESS RESPONSE hypothalamus sends hormone to

___________________lobe of pituitary stimulates pituitary to secrete corticotrophin

(adrenocorticotropic hormone; ___________) blood carries ACTH to target cells in ___________ cells of adrenal cortex secrete

mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (one of which is ____________)

these are carried to target cells in _____________ and _______________________

as cortisol levels rise, hypothalamus and pituitary production of _______________hormones ______________________

eventually cortisol levels begin to ____________

SHORT TERM STRESS RESPONSE

regulated by adrenal ________________________epinephrine & norepinephrine

_________________________________is one of most important mineralocorticoids increases ______________________retention

and ____________________reabsorption by kidneys