This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant
agreement No 826339. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe research.
December 9th 2020
Bernat AdriàR&D Energy [email protected]
H2 OPSUse of gensets with hydrogen derived fuels for On-
shore Power Supply
Index
General Concept, Power demand per type of vessel, Energy
needs per call
On-shore Power Supply01
Fuels, ICE gensets, FC gensets, Energy storage requirements
OPS with gensets02
Potential of the use of OPS with hydrogen
Conclusions03
Index
General Concept, Power demand per type of vessel, Energy
needs per call
On-shore Power Supply01
Fuels, ICE gensets, FC gensets, Energy storage requirements
OPS with gensets02
Potential of the use of OPS with hydrogen
Conclusions03
General Concept
o One of the major sources of pollution at ports → vessel calls
o AFI directive (2014/94) ‘shore-side electricity supply’ means the ,
o Significant reduction in local air pollutants (NOx, SO2, PM, VOC). CO2 emissions depend on
the electricity mix
o Additional benefits → less noise & better working environment
o Requires investments in retrofitting and in port infraestructure
Total OPS installed in Europe1 (May 2020)
- 70 installations (35 high voltaje and 35 low voltaje)
- 30 installations below 1MW
- Lower demands → barges, ferries, tugboats, OSV, fishing & other
1https://www.eafo.eu/shipping-transport/port-infrastructure/ops/data
Power demand per type of vessel
Vessel typeAverage power
demand (kW)Peak power demand (kW)
Peak power demand for 95
% of vessels (kW)
Container vessels (< 140 m) 170 1000 800
Container vessels (> 140 m) 1200 8000 5000
Container vessels (total) 800 8000 4000
RoRo- and vehicle vessels 1500 2000 1800
Oil and product tankers 1400 2700 2500
Cruise ships (< 200 m) 4100 7300 6700
Cruise ships (> 200 m) 7500 11000 9500
Cruise ships (total) 5800 11000 7300
Source: Shore side electricity, A feasibility study and a technical solution for an on-shore electrical infrastructure to supply vessels
with electric power while in port, Chalmers University
Average
power (kW)
Time at
berth (h)
Total
Energy
(kWh)
TFC
(kg MGO)CO2 (kg)
1000 15 15000 3300 10580
800 8 6400 1408 4514
700 3 2100 462 1481
50 6 300 66 212
Energy needs per call
Assuming Specific Fuel Oil consumption 220 g/kWh and EF(MGO)=3.206
Index
General Concept, Power demand per type of vessel, Energy
needs per call
On shore Power Supply01
Fuels, ICE gensets, FC gensets, Energy storage requirements
OPS with gensets02
Potential of the use of OPS with hydrogen
Conclusions03
Power-to-Fuel technologies (hydrogen & more)
o Potentially carbon neutral (renewable sources)
o Availability guaranteed
o Hydrogen carriers
o Bunker fuels
Energy density
(kWh/m3)
Hydrogen density
(kg H2/m3)
MGO 9700 -
H2 (350 bar) 833 25
LH2 2400 70
LNG 6400 108
Methanol 4378 99
Ammonia 3400 122
MethaneCH4
AmmoniaNH3
25 % 18 %
MethanolCH4O
12,5 %
ICE Gensets
Mobile off-grid system (shore side electricity production):
- Great flexibility, allowing the deployment of the unit in different docks
- Cost effective option in the first stages of onshore supply developments.
- Potential of using cleaner fuels
- Several experiences with the use of LNG. First APL China at Oakland. In Spain, CORE LNGas hive
825 kW genset
400 V
10 m3 LNG
2x40 ft containers
- No available engines for hydrogen, methanol or ammonia
FC Gensets
- Same advantages as ICE
- Zero emissions (water production)
- Projects Everywh2ere1, H2FC2
- Hydrogen supply is difficult
- Use of reformer if hydrogen carrier
1https://www.everywh2ere.eu/2https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1644547
- Fuel Cells scaling up
- FCHJU calls:
o 2019: 1MW
o 2020: 2MW
- Several available
commercial products (e.g.):
Total Energy
(kWh)
TFC
(kg MGO)H2 (kg)
H2 350 bar
(m3)
CH3OH
(m3)
NH3
(m3)
15000 3300 892 35.7 9.0 7.3
6400 1408 381 15.2 3.8 3.1
2100 462 125 5.0 1.3 1.0
300 66 18 0.7 0.2 0.1
Fuel volume per call
Assuming 1 kg of hydrogen substitutes 3,7 kg of MGO
Index
General Concept, Power demand per type of vessel, Energy
needs per call
On shore Power Supply01
Fuels, ICE gensets, FC gensets, Energy storage requirements
OPS with gensets02
Potential of the use of OPS with hydrogen
Conclusions03
Potential of the use of OPS with hydrogen
o Interesting option for first stages of OPS,
o ICE and FC gensets still to be further developed
o On-site fuel production
PROS CONS
Flexibility
Zero emissions
Learning curve for future adoption in
vessels
High CAPEX and OPEX
Limited power ranges
Fuel supply
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