WEL COMEWEL COME

H2S FILED LEVEL TRAININGH2S FILED LEVEL TRAINING

RUTLEDGE E & P PTE LTDRUTLEDGE E & P PTE LTD

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

What is Gas?What is Gas?

“ “ Gas is the form of material in which molecules Gas is the form of material in which molecules of the material are loosely connected in such a of the material are loosely connected in such a way that it acquire the volume & shape of the way that it acquire the volume & shape of the vessel in which they contain or confined.”vessel in which they contain or confined.”

Types of Gases to be measured:Types of Gases to be measured: OxygenOxygen Toxic( H2S, SO2 etc)Toxic( H2S, SO2 etc) Combustible Gases( Methane CH4, Ethane Combustible Gases( Methane CH4, Ethane

etc)etc)

Introduction of H2SIntroduction of H2S Hydrogen Sulfide is a highly poisonous, invisible, Hydrogen Sulfide is a highly poisonous, invisible,

and explosive gas, which is heavier than air. Its and explosive gas, which is heavier than air. Its chemical formula is H2Schemical formula is H2S

Where do you find H2SWhere do you find H2S

The is product of bacterial degradation of organic The is product of bacterial degradation of organic animal and vegetable matter and its not confined animal and vegetable matter and its not confined to any specific location. It can be found wherever to any specific location. It can be found wherever organic decomposition has occurred and is a organic decomposition has occurred and is a serious hazard to health of workers in oil and gas serious hazard to health of workers in oil and gas drilling operations.drilling operations.

Different Names of H2SDifferent Names of H2S

Hydrogen Sulfide

Sour Gas

Rotten Egg Gas

Sulfated Hydrogen

Stink Damp

PROPERTIES OF H2SPROPERTIES OF H2S

H2S is highly toxic gasH2S is highly toxic gas H2S is colorlessH2S is colorless H2S is 20 % heavier than air and settles in low areasH2S is 20 % heavier than air and settles in low areas H2S smells of rotten eggs at very low concentrationH2S smells of rotten eggs at very low concentration H2S deadens smell at high concentration therefore H2S deadens smell at high concentration therefore

do not rely on your sense of smell to detect H2Sdo not rely on your sense of smell to detect H2S H2S highly corrosive to some metalsH2S highly corrosive to some metals H2S is soluble in water forming an acidH2S is soluble in water forming an acid H2S is flammable and burns with a blue flame to H2S is flammable and burns with a blue flame to

produce SO2 which is also toxic gas.produce SO2 which is also toxic gas.

FACTORS AFFECTING AN INDIVIDUAL’S FACTORS AFFECTING AN INDIVIDUAL’S REACTION TO H2SREACTION TO H2S

FrequencyHow many times entries are made into the H2S area

DurationAccumulative time exposure of entries

SusceptibilityIndividuals sensitivity to H2S.

IntensityH2S Concentration

OEL – OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT STANDARDSOEL – OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT STANDARDS

Concentrations 0.05to0.13ppm  

 10.0ppm    15.0ppm   27.0ppm 100.0ppm            250.0ppm     1000.0 

Description Lower Odor threshold   Threshold limitPermissible ExposureLimit Short term exposure Limit Strong unpleasant odour Coughing, eye irritation, lossOf sense of smell after 2-15Minutes,altered respirations,pain in the eyes, drowsinessafter 15-20 minutes, throat irritation.IDLHConcentration(NIOSH)Immediate Dangerous toLife and health. Marked conjuctivities,respiratoryTrack irritation.Rapidly produces unconsciousness,Cessation of respirations and death in Less than 30 minutes Unconsciousness at once.

Physiological Effects Minimal perceptible OdorEasily detectable Safe for 8 hours,5 daysPer week.  Safe for 15 minutesAveraged four times per day. 

Physiological Effects of H2SPhysiological Effects of H2S

Loss of sense of smellLoss of sense of smell Throat irritationThroat irritation Eye irritationEye irritation HeadacheHeadache NauseaNausea Irritation on the skinIrritation on the skin

H2S will cause respiratory paralysis and death with H2S will cause respiratory paralysis and death with extended exposure to higher concentration of gasextended exposure to higher concentration of gas

MEASUREMENT PARAMETERSMEASUREMENT PARAMETERS

• Parts per Million – ppm• Low alarm at 10 ppm

• High alarm at 20 ppm

• Percentage - %

% is often used but it can be confusing

0.1% H2S = 0.1% of 1 million or 1,000 ppm

1% = 10,000 ppm, 2% = 20,000 ppm etc

COMMON LOCATIONS WHERE H2S CAN BE EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERECOMMON LOCATIONS WHERE H2S CAN BE EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE

•FLOW LINE•SHAKER•MUD PITS

•RIG FLOOR•CHOKE MANIFOLD

BELL NIPPLE, CELLAR

VENTILATION OF H2S FROM VENTILATION OF H2S FROM DIFFERENT PATRS OF THE RIGDIFFERENT PATRS OF THE RIG

H2S SHOULD BE H2S SHOULD BE

VENTILATED AS SOON AS VENTILATED AS SOON AS

POSSIBLE FROM:POSSIBLE FROM:

MUD PITSMUD PITS

SHALE SHAKERSHALE SHAKER

CELLARCELLAR

RIG FLOORRIG FLOOR

OTHER CONFIND SPACESOTHER CONFIND SPACES

What is Confined SpaceWhat is Confined Space

““Any enclosed area with only one entrance, and/or Any enclosed area with only one entrance, and/or where hazardous vapors, dust accumulate or where hazardous vapors, dust accumulate or oxygen may be deficient/Enrichment”oxygen may be deficient/Enrichment”

OROR

“ “Confined space is the any space which is not Confined space is the any space which is not designed for normal entry or continuous employee designed for normal entry or continuous employee occupancy and has any one or more hazards.occupancy and has any one or more hazards.

Deficiency/Enrichment of OxygenDeficiency/Enrichment of Oxygen Combustible GasesCombustible Gases Toxic GasesToxic Gases Tripping Hazard etc.Tripping Hazard etc.

BREATHING AIR COMPOSITIONBREATHING AIR COMPOSITION

N2 = 78.08 %N2 = 78.08 %

O2 = 20.9 %O2 = 20.9 %

CO2 = 0.033% etcCO2 = 0.033% etc Both animal and plant life require oxygen to live. One of the Both animal and plant life require oxygen to live. One of the

primary hazards of entering confined space is oxygen primary hazards of entering confined space is oxygen deficiency / enrichment. deficiency / enrichment.

Oxygen DeficiencyOxygen Deficiency““When oxygen present in concentration less than 19.5% in When oxygen present in concentration less than 19.5% in the atmosphere is said to be oxygen deficient.”the atmosphere is said to be oxygen deficient.”

Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen Enrichment

““When oxygen present in concentration more than 23.5% in When oxygen present in concentration more than 23.5% in the atmosphere is said to be oxygen enrichment.”the atmosphere is said to be oxygen enrichment.”

Hydrogen Sulfide “The Silent Killer”Hydrogen Sulfide “The Silent Killer”

Emergency Response H2S EventEmergency Response H2S Event

Hold your breathHold your breath

Don a designated/ suitable breathing apparatusDon a designated/ suitable breathing apparatus

Check and be aware of ambient wind direction with Check and be aware of ambient wind direction with

help of Wind sockshelp of Wind socks

Report to your designated Muster pointReport to your designated Muster point

Perform your duty as per contingency planPerform your duty as per contingency plan

Rescue/ First Aid in an H2S Rescue/ First Aid in an H2S eventevent

First Protect your selfFirst Protect your self

Don a suitable breathing apparatus SCBA (Rescue set) Don a suitable breathing apparatus SCBA (Rescue set)

Move the victim to a safe area with fresh airMove the victim to a safe area with fresh air

If the victim is not breathing give Artificial Respiration If the victim is not breathing give Artificial Respiration

If necessary to revive pulse, administer CPR call for If necessary to revive pulse, administer CPR call for

medical assistance (Oxygen Resuscitator)medical assistance (Oxygen Resuscitator)

BREATHING APPARATUSBREATHING APPARATUS

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus – SCBASelf Contained Breathing Apparatus – SCBA30 Min30 Min

ESCAPE BREATHING APPARATUSESCAPE BREATHING APPARATUS

Hood & Mask Hood & Mask Type Escape SetsType Escape Sets

Only For Escape Only For Escape purposes(5 Min)purposes(5 Min)

WORK LINE UNITWORK LINE UNIT

Air Compressors create Grade “D” quality air

Air Banks are strategically positioned throughout the facility

Air Banks feed Low Pressure Manifolds

You plug into the LP manifolds with a work line unit for your air

supply

Cascade EquipmentCascade Equipment

Control Panel Installed Control Panel Installed in Radio Roomin Radio Room

Detectors & Solar PanelsDetectors & Solar Panels

LEL/ H2S SensorsLEL/ H2S Sensors

LEL Sensor at shaker

H2S Sensor at shaker

LEL Sensor at Rig Floor

H2S Sensor at Rig Floor

ALARMS & FLASH LIGHTSALARMS & FLASH LIGHTS

Alarm & Light at Mud Tanks

Alarm & Light at Rig Floor

Alarm & Light at Camp Site

PORTABLE MONITORSPORTABLE MONITORS

TUBE TYPE DETECTORS TUBE TYPE DETECTORS

THANK YOUTHANK YOU