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8/8/2019 Habitat Partitioning Among Two Simpatric Species
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Habitat partitioning amongHabitat partitioning among
two sympatric species,two sympatric species, Alouatta seniculus Alouatta seniculus andandSaguinus fuscicollisSaguinus fuscicollis
(Oglan Alto, Ecuador)(Oglan Alto, Ecuador)
University of LiegeCentral University from Ecuador Escuela Biología y Química UCE
Estación Científica Amazónica UCE
Internacional University Menéndez Pelayo-CSICFRIA-FNRS / ECOCIENCIA
Sarah Martin-Solano, Gabriel Carrillo,
Marie-Claude Huynen
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IntroductionIntroduction
Communities of primate species areCommunities of primate species arecommoncommon
Kenya: Colobes, baboons, mangabeysKenya: Colobes, baboons, mangabeysPeru: Saddleback tamarin and MoustachedPeru: Saddleback tamarin and Moustachedtamarintamarin
CoexistenceCoexistence
Mechanisms of interspecific competitionMechanisms of interspecific competitionDifferentiation in resource useDifferentiation in resource use
Diferentiation in niche useDiferentiation in niche use
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IntroductionIntroduction
Niche: n-dimensional hypervolumeNiche: n-dimensional hypervolumeHabitat useHabitat useTime budgetTime budget
Feeding ecologyFeeding ecology
H a b i t a
t u s e
Feedingecology
Time Budget
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Habitat UseHabitat Use
HorizontalHorizontal VerticalVertical
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IntroductionIntroduction
Niche: Multidimensional spaceNiche: Multidimensional spaceHabitat use,Habitat use,Time BugetTime BugetFeeding ecologyFeeding ecology
TextureTextureAcidityAciditySizeSize
© Tom Brakefield © Seth Allan
Pygmy marmoset Owl monkey
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Study species:Study species:
Alouatta seniculus Alouatta seniculus Saguinus fuscicollisSaguinus fuscicollis
© © D. Hurst 2006 D. Hurst 2006 © © L. Culot 2007 L. Culot 2007
Red howler monkey Saddleback tamarin
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General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics
Species distribution in Ecuador is restricted toSpecies distribution in Ecuador is restricted tothe Amazonian forestthe Amazonian forestConservation status for both species: LeastConservation status for both species: LeastConcernConcernAbilityAbility
to exploit degraded habitatsto exploit degraded habitatsto disperse seeds as a result of their feeding ecology to disperse seeds as a result of their feeding ecology
Their feeding ecologyTheir feeding ecology A. seniculus A. seniculus : folivorous – frugivorous: folivorous – frugivorousS. fuscicollisS. fuscicollis : omnivorous: fruits, insects, small: omnivorous: fruits, insects, smallinvertebratesinvertebrates
Alouatta seniculusSaguinus fuscicollis
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General ObjectiveGeneral Objective
To study social dynamics and resourceTo study social dynamics and resourcepartitioning of two sympatric speciespartitioning of two sympatric species A. A.seniculusseniculus yy S. fuscicollisS. fuscicollis in the protected forestin the protected forestof Oglan Alto, Ecuador of Oglan Alto, Ecuador
We are going to study:We are going to study:Habitat UseHabitat UseBudget TimeBudget TimeFeeding ecologyFeeding ecology
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ObjectivesObjectivesHabitat UseHabitat Use
Type of forestType of forestUse of the forest strataUse of the forest strataHome RangeHome Range
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HypothesisHypothesis
Habitat partitioning would allow the two primateHabitat partitioning would allow the two primatespecies to coexist, while minimizing competitionspecies to coexist, while minimizing competition
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Specific HypothesisSpecific HypothesisForest Strata :Forest Strata :
tamarinstamarins ≠≠ howlers.howlers.
High degree of home range overlapHigh degree of home range overlap
Red howler monkey
Saddleback tamarin
© Fleagle 1998
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Study AreaStudy Area
Estación Científica Amazónica JJK fromEstación Científica Amazónica JJK fromCentral University of Ecuador in theCentral University of Ecuador in theprotected forest of Oglan Altoprotected forest of Oglan Alto(01°19’27.5’’|S, 77°41’20.1’’|W(01°19’27.5’’|S, 77°41’20.1’’|W ))Lowland and piedmont forestLowland and piedmont forest
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Two study groups:Two study groups:Group A:Group A: S. fuscicollisS. fuscicollis
andandGroup B:Group B: A. seniculus A. seniculus
Habitat UseHabitat UseGroup position: 6 am → 6 pm every 20 minGroup position: 6 am → 6 pm every 20 min
Strata definitionStrata definition
Data collectionData collection
Ground
Understory
Higher Middle CanopyLower
Emergents
© Leython and Ruiz Zapata 2006
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Primate censusPrimate censusDirect Observation:Direct Observation:
• LocationLocation• # of individuals# of individuals
• Group compositionGroup compositionIndirect ObservationIndirect Observation
• Auditory records:Auditory records:VocalizationsVocalizations
• FaecesFaeces• Food consumption tracesFood consumption traces
Data collectionData collection
D. Holm
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Results and Discussion 1Results and Discussion 1
Home range average of the howlers group is 33,9 ha and26.5 ha for the tamarin group
15,7 ha between the ranges of the two species.Area de vidaS.fuscicollis
Area de vidaA. seniculus
26,5 ha
15,7 ha
33,9 ha
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ColombiaColombia
→ 182 ha : Caparu (Palacios and Rodriguez 2001)→ 25 ha: La Macarena (Izawa and nishimura 1988)
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Home Range of Red Howler Monkey inHome Range of Red Howler Monkey inFrench GuianaFrench Guiana
45 ha: Guyane (C. Julliot 1992)
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Home range of Saddle-back tamarinHome range of Saddle-back tamarin
→15,25 ha Bolivia (Buchanan-Smith, H. 1990)→15.7-16.5 ha Peru Soini, P. 1987
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7,5ha
23,3ha
16,3ha
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F. BRAZA, F. ALVAREZ and T. AZCARATE (1981)
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Strata Use in tamarins, at CobijaStrata Use in tamarins, at Cobija(Pando Department in Bolivia)(Pando Department in Bolivia)
Buchanan-Smith, H. (1990)
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South of the River TahuamanuSouth of the River Tahuamanu
Buchanan-Smith, H. (1999)
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Strata utilisation by tamarins in Bolivia
Buchanan-Smith (1999)
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North of the river Tahuamanu, Bolivia
Porter, L, 2004
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Results and Discussion 2Results and Discussion 2Howler monkeys were principally observed in primary
forestThe saddleback tamarins were registered both in the
primary and in the secondary forest
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ConclusionsConclusions
© Fleagle 1998
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PerspectivesPerspectives
To define the microhabitat in the primaryTo define the microhabitat in the primaryforest and in the secondary forest:forest and in the secondary forest:
Hill, lianas, river terrace, etc.Hill, lianas, river terrace, etc.To link food resource to habitat use, toTo link food resource to habitat use, toverify if food overlap related to homeverify if food overlap related to home
range overlaprange overlapTo identify both species sleeping sitesTo identify both species sleeping sites
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ConclusionsConclusions
Habitat partitioning studies are importantHabitat partitioning studies are importantto better understand the dynamics of to better understand the dynamics of primate communities and set upprimate communities and set upconservation strategies.conservation strategies.
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Juan José Bravo, Jorge Duque, Santiago Araujno, Cinthia Trujillo, Glenda Pozo,
Patricia Bejarano , Emilie Bovy, Daniel Holm .