Habitats for Plants and Animalsby Denise Carroll
What is an environment?• Plants and animals live together in many
different environments all around the world.
• An environment is all the living and nonliving things in a place.
• The environment is the surroundings: air, water, plants, and animals.
• Each kind of environment has many different kinds of animal habitats.
What is a habitat?• Every animal has a
habitat. • The place where an
animal or plant lives and grows is called its habitat.
• A habitat is where an animal finds the food, water, and shelter it needs to live.
• For example, a toucan’s habitat is the rainforest.
Different Land Habitats
Rainforest
TundraDesert
ForestGrasslands
Desert Habitats• A desert is a very warm place. The air is very hot and dry.• There is very little rain. The soil is very sandy.• Most animals that live in the desert sleep during the day
because it is too hot. They come out at night to eat. They are called nocturnal.
• Some desert animals burrow in the ground during the day • Many plants have thick leaves in the desert to retain
water.• Most desert animals get their water from the food
they eat.
Rain Forest Habitats• A rain forest is an
environment where rain falls almost every day.
• A rain forest has warm weather year round.
• A rain forest has millions of plants and animals.
• Many of these plants are used to make medicines to fight diseases and illnesses.
• Rain forests are located along the equator.
Forest Habitats
• A forest is an environment that gets enough rain and warm temperatures for lots of trees to grow.
• When the fall arrives, the leaves will turn red, orange, and yellow.
• Once winter comes, the trees lose their leaves.
Tundra Habitats• A tundra is an environment
that is very cold and windy.• It is a treeless area.• It is the coldest environment.• The land is covered with
snow and ice most of the year.
• Much of the land has ground that is permafrost, permanently frozen.
• The summers are short.
Freshwater Habitats• Pond• Lake• Stream• River
You might find frogs, ducks, beavers, turtles, dragonflies, and many kinds of
fish in a freshwater habitat.
Saltwater Habitats• Oceans
Sharks, starfish, whales, dolphins, lobster, and coral
are some of the animals found in the ocean.
Think:What would happen if an
animal’s habitat were destroyed?
Animal Adaptations
• Camouflage • Migrate• Body Coverings
• Hibernate• Estivate
• An adaptation is anything about an animal that helps it live or survive in its environment.
• Animals are always in danger of being eaten and have developed many ways of protecting themselves from hungry animals.
• Animals may find winter shelter in holes in trees or logs, under rocks or leaves, or tunnel underground.
• If animals do not adapt to their environment, they die!
Camouflage• Camouflage is when the animal
blends in with the surrounding environment to help it hide.
• Some animals’ fur or skin can change color. This helps to protect them.
Some Animals Migrate
• Some animals travel to far away places. This is called migration.
• Animals move from one habitat to another to survive. • Animals are looking for warmer weather or searching for
food.• Many birds migrate in the fall. Birds can fly very long
distances. • Many fish migrate. They may swim south, or move into
deeper, warmer water. • Many insects also migrate. • Whales, butterflies, bats, hummingbirds, robins, geese,
ducks, salmon are some animals that migrate.
Click the animals that migrate.
Body Coverings• Some animals will grow new, thick
fur in the fall to keep warm in the winter.• An armadillo has a covering of hard plates to
protect its body.• The porcupine uses its quills for defense.• A turtle can pull its head, feet, and tail inside its
shell for protection.
The Coming Winter• As the weather gets colder,
people stay inside warm houses and wear heavy coats when they go outside. In the winter we get our food from the grocery store.
• What happens to the animals?
Some Animals Hibernate• Hibernation is when an animal goes through the winter into
a long, deep sleep. • One way animals can adapt to the changing environment is
by hibernating.
Some animals hibernate for part or all of the winter. The animal's body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and breathing slow down. It uses very little energy. In the fall, these animals get ready for winter by eating extra food and storing it as body fat. They use this fat for energy while hibernating. Some also store food like nuts or acorns to eat later in the winter. Bears, skunks, chipmunks, and some bats hibernate.
Insects look for winter shelter in holes in the ground, under the bark of trees, deep inside rotting logs or in any small crack they can find.
Click the animals that hibernate.
Some Animals Estivate• Estivate is when an animal sleeps during the
summer.• What causes an animal to estivate? HEAT• Ground squirrels in the desert will estivate in their
burrows to get out of the heat.• Some toads estivate to escape the hot, dry summer.• Many amphibians and reptiles estivate, as do some
insects, snails, and fish.
How do plants help animals?• Plants provide food and shelter for many
animals.• Plants are used to make medicines to fight
disease and illnesses.• Animals use plants for shelter. For
example, birds build nests and beavers build dams.
• Plants provide oxygen that we need to live.• Plants provide protection for animals
hiding.• Plants are used to make clothing, paper,
and wood products.• Plants also provide beauty for the Earth.
How do animals help plants?• Animals help spread seeds.• Some animals, like
squirrels, bury seeds when they store them and forget to go back to get them. Some of these seeds that are left in the ground will germinate.
• Seeds attach to animals that have fur. Later the seeds will fall off the animal and grow in a new place.
• Insects and birds help pollinate flowers.
Ecosystem• An ecosystem is how plants, animals,
and nonliving things in an environment effect each other.
NEW WORDS TO LEARN
Before we discuss what a food chain is, we need to learn these new words.
• herbivore• carnivore• omnivore
• producers• consumers
Let’s Begin . . .
HerbivoresSome animals do not eat other
animals. They survive on plants and are known as “herbivores”.
CarnivoresSome animals, like the kingfisher, eat
only other animals. These animals are called “carnivores”.
Omnivores• Some animals, like us, eat both
plants and animals. • These animals are called “omnivores”.
Producers• Plants are living organisms. They
need nourishment to survive.• But…• Plants do not eat other plants or
animals.• Plants are called producers,
because they produce their own food using sunlight.
Consumers• “Consume” means “eat”.• Animals are consumers because
they “eat” (consume) food provided by plants or other animals.
What is a food chain?• Food chains show how each living thing gets its food.• A food chain is the order in which animals eat plants
and other animals.• The sun is the primary source of a food chain. Plants get
their energy from the sun. Without the sun, we would not have any plants. A food chain always starts with a plant.
• Next in the food chain is an animal, because plants cannot eat plants.
• A food chain always ends with an animal.
plant animal animal animal
Food chains always start with a plant.
The beetle eats the plant.The frog eats the beetle.The turtle eats the frog.
Food Chain
The lettuce is eaten by the rabbit. The rabbit is eaten by the fox.
Food Chain
The plant is eaten by the small fish.The small fish is eaten by a larger
fish. The larger fish is eaten by the man.
Food Chain
The fly is nibbling on the plant. The fly is eaten by the bird. The bird is eaten by the cat.
Let’s Think . . .
If we suddenly had no Sun, what effect would it have on the food chain?
Food Chains
Let’s Think Again . . .
What would happen if there were no carnivores?
Food Chains
Where do the arrows point?
Congratulations!
You are now an expert on habitats, animal adaptations, and food chains.
Resources• http://images.search.yahoo.com• http://office.microsoft.com/clipart• http://www.timetoteach.co.uk/sciencepowerpoints.htm