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Habits to Make
Habits to Break
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Every year, over 3 million people
worldwide die as a result of tobacco.That many coffins would stretchend-to-end across Canada from
Victoria to St. Johns.
In Canada alone, thousands ofpeople die as a result of tobacco.This is as devastating as 3 school
buses full of kids driving over a cliffevery single day of the year!
Nicotine is one of the most addictive substancesknown.The use of cigarettes and other tobacco products isharmful to your healthand may be deadly.
This is an informative and factual booklet covering the risks of
all types of tobacco on oral health.
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WHAT ARE YOU SMOKING?
Cigarettesproduce smoke from the tobacco and additives.
This smoke contains poisonous gases, liquids and breathable
particles that are harmful. It contains over 4,000 chemicals
including at least 50 that can cause cancer.
Cigars, although viewed by many as glamorous
and less dangerous than cigarettes, contain
most of the same cancer-causing
substances. A single large cigar can
contain as much tobacco as an entire
pack of cigarettes.
Pipescontain the same harmful
tobacco. If you smoke but dont inhale,
you are breathing in second hand smoke. You are at an
increased riskof lip, mouth, tongue and other cancers,
when you smoke a pipe.
Exotic forms of smoking tobacco:
Clove cigarettes, also called kreteks, contain 60% to 70%
tobacco and 30% to 40% ground cloves, clove oil and other
additives. The chemicals in cloves have been connected to
cases of asthma and other lung diseases. These are not a
safe alternative.
Hookah (or narghile) smoking involves burning flavoured
tobacco in a water pipe and inhaling the smoke through a
long hose. This method is common in Asia and the Middle
East and has become popular among young people.
Bidisare called the poor mans cigarette. These are the
rage among teens. Made from the flakes and dust of dark
tobacco leaves, strong flavouring is added such as vanilla,
licorice, strawberry, cinnamon or clove to mask the poor
quality of the tobacco.
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There is no such thing as safe smoking.
IS THERE A SAFE WAYTO USE TOBACCO?
NO!Any amount of tobacco use is dangerous.
Smoking lessdoes not make it safer. Research has found
that even smoking as few as 1 to 4 cigarettes a day can
have serious health consequences.
Switching to a low tar and nicotine brand does not make
it safer. Often people end up smoking more cigarettes. The risk of lung cancer is not any lower in smokers of
light cigarettes.
Herbal cigarettes, even though they do not contain tobacco,
also produce tarand carbon monoxide and are dangerous
to your health.
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Anyone who starts smoking is at risk
of becoming addicted to nicotine.
IS CIGARETTE SMOKINGREALLY ADDICTIVE?
Yes!Nicotine in cigarettes is an addictive drugfor 3 mainreasons: When taken in small amounts, nicotine creates pleasant
feelings that will make you smoke more.
Because nicotine affects the chemistry of the brain and
central nervous system, it can affect your mood and natureof the smoker.
When you try to quit, you can suffer withdrawal symptoms
such as nervousness, headachesand trouble sleeping.
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PICK YOUR POISON
The main active ingredient in cigarettes is nicotine.
Cigarette smoke and spit tobacco are full ofpoisons:
Benzene found ingasoline
Formaldehyde used to preserve dead bodies Methanol wood alcohol
Acetylene the fuel used in welding torches
Ammonia cleaningproducts
Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide both are
poisonousgases
Toluene found inpaintthinners
Lead found in batteries
Arsenic ratpoison
Propylene Glycol lock de-icer
Cadmium batteries
Nicotine an active
ingredient in bug spray
Butane lighterfluid
Benzoapyrene tar
This is one of the
most potent cancer-
causing chemicals
in the world.
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DAMAGING EFFECTSOF TOBACCO ON YOUR
APPEARANCE Premature wrinkling of the skin
Bad breath
Stained teeth
Gum disease
Tooth loss
Bad smelling clothes and hair Nicotine stained fingers
BENEFITS OF QUITTINGTHE TOBACCO HABIT
Breathing easier
Food tastes better
Sense of smell returns to normal Brighter smile
Healthier gums
Fresher breath
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SECOND HAND SMOKE
Who does it hurt?
Environmental tobacco or second hand smoke is made upof the smoke exhaled by a smoker and the smoke from theburning end of the cigarette, cigar or pipe. It consists of the
same 4,000 chemicalsthat the smoker is exposed to including
many that cause cancer.
Two thirds of smokefrom a cigarette is not inhaled by the
smoker, but enters the air around them.
Second hand smoke has at least twice the nicotineand tar
as the smoke inhaled by the smoker.
Scientific evidence clearly shows that people repeatedly
exposed to second hand smoke are more likelyto develop anddie from:
Heart problems
Lung cancer
Breathing problems
It can also cause:
Chest infections
Ear infections
Excessive coughing
Throat irritation
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SHES SMOKING FOR TWO
Nicotine, carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals
enter the pregnant womans bloodstream, pass directly
into the babys body and prevent the baby from getting
essential nutrients and oxygen for growth.
Some research suggests that smoking during pregnancy
and exposure to second hand smoke during childhood may
cause the child to be shorter andsmallerin stature as well
as slower learnersin school.
How does smoking affect pregnant womenand their babies?
Smoking during pregnancy is linked with a greater
chance of:
Miscarriage
Premature delivery
Low birth weight
Stillbirth
Cleft lip and palate
Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS)
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CLEFT LIP AND PALATE
The risk of this disfiguring facial birth defect rises
with the number of cigarettesthat a mother-to-be smokes
each day.
The deformities are marked by obvious gapsin either the lips
and nose or the roof of the mouth, due to incomplete fusing.
Besides affecting a childs appearance, cleft lip and palate may
affect their ability to breathe,eat,hear and speak.
Correcting the defect involves many operations and years
of therapy, but can still leave scars, speech problems and
emotional damage.
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SPIT TOBACCO
Spit tobacco or snuffis not a safe substitutefor cigarettes.
It is a type of tobacco product that is placed inside the
mouth to suck and chew (referred to as a wad). This
gives the user a continuous high from nicotine. It has
over 3,000 chemicals, including 28 that can cause cancer.
It also contains three timesthe amount of nicotine found
in cigarettes.
Spit tobacco is sold in 4 forms:
1. Chew: a leafy form of tobacco sold in pouches. Users keep
the chew between the cheek and gums for several hours at
a time.
2. Plug: chew tobacco that has been pressed into a brick.
3. Snuff: a powdered, moist form of tobacco sold in tins.Users put the snuff between the lower lip or cheek and the
gum. As well, some users will sniff it. Using snuff is also
called dipping.
4. Snusis a Swedish type of smokeless tobacco that is now
sold here. It comes in teabag-like pouches that a user puts
between the upper lip and gum. The user leaves snus in
place for up to 30 minutes and discards without spitting.
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A person who uses 8 to 10 dips
or chews a day, receives the sameamount of nicotine as a heavysmoker who smokes 30 to 40
cigarettes!
There are many terms used to describe spit tobacco suchas oral, smokeless, chewing and snuff tobacco. The useof spit tobacco by any name is a significant health risk. The
amount of nicotine absorbed is usually more than the amount
delivered by a cigarette. The juice from the spit tobacco is
absorbed directlythrough the lining of the mouth. This creates
soresand white patchesthat often lead to cancer of the mouth.
Other effects of spit tobacco:
Chronic bad breath
Stained teeth and fillings
Gum disease
Tooth decay Tooth loss
Tooth abrasion
Loss of bone in the jaw
High blood pressure
Risk of heart disease
Stomach cancer
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Betel Quid (Paan)
Betel quid is a productof India, Sri Lanka, Africa and Asia.
It is produced commercially or made at home. It consists ofa dried paste that often includes tobacco, areca nuts, catechu,
mineral lime and scent or flavouring. The Paan is placed in the
mouth, usually between the gum and cheek and then gently
sucked and chewed.
The effects of Betel Quid:
Prolonged use of Betel quid can cause a thinningof the
liningof the mouth.
A common result is oral submucous fibrosis; stiffness of
the cheekswhich can make opening the mouth difficult.
White scarsmay appear on the cheeks, lips or roof of the
mouth. It can lead to cancer of the mouth, esophogus and stomach.
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How many teeth are in apack of cigarettes?
A one-pack-a-day smoking habit can cost you theloss of at least two teeth every ten years.
Smokers are about two times more likely to losetheir teeth than non-smokers.
PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for
gum disease.
Smokers in general have poorer oral hygiene and more
frequently show signs of gingivitis than non-smokers. With
increasing tobacco use their oral hygiene deteriorates.
Smokers are 2 to 14 times more likely to develop periodontal
disease than non smokers.
Healing time for extractions, implants and gum surgery is
prolonged in tobacco users.
Tobacco users tend to have more plaque, tartar and stain on
the tooth surfaces as well as below the gum line. This causes
the gums to become very red, swollen and bleed easily.
With continued tobacco use and lack of oral care, gum disease
will lead to severe gingivitis, advanced periodontal disease
and ultimately tooth loss.
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Smoking and alcohol combinationaccounts for about 75% of all
oral and throat cancers!
Photo courtesyof NSTEP
ORAL CANCER
The incidence of oral cancer in Durham Region is similar to
Ontario with approximately 10 in 100,000 people affected.
Oral cancer is most frequently diagnosed in older adults and is
3 to 4 times more frequent in men.
Risk Factors:
Tobacco use if combined with heavy alcohol
consumption.
Excessivesun exposure to the lips.
Research suggests that the bacteria fromperiodontal
diseasecould be toxic to
surrounding cells and
produce changes that leaddirectly to oral cancer.
Usingchewing tobacco,
betel quid or snuff.
Human Papillomavirus
(HPV) is known to
cause oral cancer in
younger adults withno history of
smoking.
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Smoking shortens life expectancymale (13.2 years)
female (14.5 years)
Signs and Symptoms:
A sore on the lip or in the mouth that does not heal.
A lump or thickening on the lip, on the gums, in themouth or throat.
A white or red patch on the gums, tongue or lining of
the mouth.
Unusual bleeding, pain or numbness in the mouth.
A sore throat that does not go away, or a feeling that
something is caught in the throat.
Difficulty or pain with chewing or swallowing. Loose teeth or dentures that fit poorly or become
uncomfortable.
A change in the voice and/or pain in the ear.
Problems speaking clearly.
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The truth is that all cigarettes areequally hazardous regardless ofthe filter type, the colour of the
package, or the wording.
DONT GET SUCKED IN!
As no smoking laws sweep the nation and cigarette sales
continue to fall, tobacco companies are devising other
ways to make tobacco appealing. There is an attempt to move
tobacco into offices and restaurants where people want a
nicotine fix but cant light up.
The tobacco industry is targetingyouand childrenas its next
group of tobacco users.
Cigarette packaging is still misleading smokers.
A 2009 University of Waterloo health study found that:
The prettier the package, the safer the smokes appear to
the buyer. Seventy nine percent of the participants felt the lighter
blue packages would have a lower health risk than the
darker blue ones.
Packages with words like smooth and filtermake the
purchaser believe the cigarettes are less dangerous to their
health.
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THE DECEPTION CONTINUES.
E-Cigarette:
Inventors have created an electric cigarette which gives a
nicotine hit while still managing to avoid the smoking ban.
The small white stick, which looks like a cigarette, contains
a chamber that vaporizes pure liquid nicotine into a puff of
steam. This is not a healthy alternative to smoking since it
gives the smoker an instant nicotine hitandfeeds the addiction.
Advertising deception:
Be aware of hidden messages that try to promote healthy
tobacco use. The tobacco industry is aggressive in trying to
find new ways to communicate its safe smoking messageamid
severe limitations.
Cigarette makers target
women:
Tobacco companies
use marketing strategiesincluding female brands,
which have contributed
to the association of
smoking withfemale
liberation,glamour,
successand
thinness.
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A master of public relations whowas hired by the tobacco industry,
employed women to dress likefeminists and march in the Easterparade of 1929, in New York City.
These women were also paid tosmoke and refer to their cigarettes as
torches of freedom.
WHY DO WOMEN SMOKE?
Tobacco companies have developed some of the most
aggressive and sophisticated marketing campaigns for
reaching and influencing women and girls.
According to Health Canada, most women smoke for one or
more of these reasons:
To relax and take a break
To be sociable To deal with stress and
depression
To fight feelings of
helplessness
To deal with anger
and frustration
To avoid gaining weight
To feel in control of their lives
To feed their addiction
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QUITTING TOBACCO USEDONT GO IT ALONE
Although tobacco products are extremely addictive,
thousands of people have successfully quit the habit. It
may take several attemptsto quit using tobacco products.
Dont give up!
Support is availablefrom many sources such as, medical
doctors, dentists, hygienists, support groups and help lines.
There are many products on the market to help you quit,such as nicotine patches, gums etc. Seek the advice of a
health professional.
Using products like spit tobacco, herbal cigarettes or
electric cigarettes are not a healthy substituteto help you
quit smoking.
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ONLINE SUPPORT
quit4life.com
quitnet.com
smokershelpline/online.ca
gosmokefree.ca
healthyontario.com
oralcancerfoundation.com
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Oral Health Division905-723-1365 or1-866-853-1326www.durham.ca