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Habits to Make Habits to Break

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    Habits to Make

    Habits to Break

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    Every year, over 3 million people

    worldwide die as a result of tobacco.That many coffins would stretchend-to-end across Canada from

    Victoria to St. Johns.

    In Canada alone, thousands ofpeople die as a result of tobacco.This is as devastating as 3 school

    buses full of kids driving over a cliffevery single day of the year!

    Nicotine is one of the most addictive substancesknown.The use of cigarettes and other tobacco products isharmful to your healthand may be deadly.

    This is an informative and factual booklet covering the risks of

    all types of tobacco on oral health.

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    WHAT ARE YOU SMOKING?

    Cigarettesproduce smoke from the tobacco and additives.

    This smoke contains poisonous gases, liquids and breathable

    particles that are harmful. It contains over 4,000 chemicals

    including at least 50 that can cause cancer.

    Cigars, although viewed by many as glamorous

    and less dangerous than cigarettes, contain

    most of the same cancer-causing

    substances. A single large cigar can

    contain as much tobacco as an entire

    pack of cigarettes.

    Pipescontain the same harmful

    tobacco. If you smoke but dont inhale,

    you are breathing in second hand smoke. You are at an

    increased riskof lip, mouth, tongue and other cancers,

    when you smoke a pipe.

    Exotic forms of smoking tobacco:

    Clove cigarettes, also called kreteks, contain 60% to 70%

    tobacco and 30% to 40% ground cloves, clove oil and other

    additives. The chemicals in cloves have been connected to

    cases of asthma and other lung diseases. These are not a

    safe alternative.

    Hookah (or narghile) smoking involves burning flavoured

    tobacco in a water pipe and inhaling the smoke through a

    long hose. This method is common in Asia and the Middle

    East and has become popular among young people.

    Bidisare called the poor mans cigarette. These are the

    rage among teens. Made from the flakes and dust of dark

    tobacco leaves, strong flavouring is added such as vanilla,

    licorice, strawberry, cinnamon or clove to mask the poor

    quality of the tobacco.

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    There is no such thing as safe smoking.

    IS THERE A SAFE WAYTO USE TOBACCO?

    NO!Any amount of tobacco use is dangerous.

    Smoking lessdoes not make it safer. Research has found

    that even smoking as few as 1 to 4 cigarettes a day can

    have serious health consequences.

    Switching to a low tar and nicotine brand does not make

    it safer. Often people end up smoking more cigarettes. The risk of lung cancer is not any lower in smokers of

    light cigarettes.

    Herbal cigarettes, even though they do not contain tobacco,

    also produce tarand carbon monoxide and are dangerous

    to your health.

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    Anyone who starts smoking is at risk

    of becoming addicted to nicotine.

    IS CIGARETTE SMOKINGREALLY ADDICTIVE?

    Yes!Nicotine in cigarettes is an addictive drugfor 3 mainreasons: When taken in small amounts, nicotine creates pleasant

    feelings that will make you smoke more.

    Because nicotine affects the chemistry of the brain and

    central nervous system, it can affect your mood and natureof the smoker.

    When you try to quit, you can suffer withdrawal symptoms

    such as nervousness, headachesand trouble sleeping.

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    PICK YOUR POISON

    The main active ingredient in cigarettes is nicotine.

    Cigarette smoke and spit tobacco are full ofpoisons:

    Benzene found ingasoline

    Formaldehyde used to preserve dead bodies Methanol wood alcohol

    Acetylene the fuel used in welding torches

    Ammonia cleaningproducts

    Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide both are

    poisonousgases

    Toluene found inpaintthinners

    Lead found in batteries

    Arsenic ratpoison

    Propylene Glycol lock de-icer

    Cadmium batteries

    Nicotine an active

    ingredient in bug spray

    Butane lighterfluid

    Benzoapyrene tar

    This is one of the

    most potent cancer-

    causing chemicals

    in the world.

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    DAMAGING EFFECTSOF TOBACCO ON YOUR

    APPEARANCE Premature wrinkling of the skin

    Bad breath

    Stained teeth

    Gum disease

    Tooth loss

    Bad smelling clothes and hair Nicotine stained fingers

    BENEFITS OF QUITTINGTHE TOBACCO HABIT

    Breathing easier

    Food tastes better

    Sense of smell returns to normal Brighter smile

    Healthier gums

    Fresher breath

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    SECOND HAND SMOKE

    Who does it hurt?

    Environmental tobacco or second hand smoke is made upof the smoke exhaled by a smoker and the smoke from theburning end of the cigarette, cigar or pipe. It consists of the

    same 4,000 chemicalsthat the smoker is exposed to including

    many that cause cancer.

    Two thirds of smokefrom a cigarette is not inhaled by the

    smoker, but enters the air around them.

    Second hand smoke has at least twice the nicotineand tar

    as the smoke inhaled by the smoker.

    Scientific evidence clearly shows that people repeatedly

    exposed to second hand smoke are more likelyto develop anddie from:

    Heart problems

    Lung cancer

    Breathing problems

    It can also cause:

    Chest infections

    Ear infections

    Excessive coughing

    Throat irritation

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    SHES SMOKING FOR TWO

    Nicotine, carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals

    enter the pregnant womans bloodstream, pass directly

    into the babys body and prevent the baby from getting

    essential nutrients and oxygen for growth.

    Some research suggests that smoking during pregnancy

    and exposure to second hand smoke during childhood may

    cause the child to be shorter andsmallerin stature as well

    as slower learnersin school.

    How does smoking affect pregnant womenand their babies?

    Smoking during pregnancy is linked with a greater

    chance of:

    Miscarriage

    Premature delivery

    Low birth weight

    Stillbirth

    Cleft lip and palate

    Sudden Infant Death

    Syndrome (SIDS)

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    CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

    The risk of this disfiguring facial birth defect rises

    with the number of cigarettesthat a mother-to-be smokes

    each day.

    The deformities are marked by obvious gapsin either the lips

    and nose or the roof of the mouth, due to incomplete fusing.

    Besides affecting a childs appearance, cleft lip and palate may

    affect their ability to breathe,eat,hear and speak.

    Correcting the defect involves many operations and years

    of therapy, but can still leave scars, speech problems and

    emotional damage.

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    SPIT TOBACCO

    Spit tobacco or snuffis not a safe substitutefor cigarettes.

    It is a type of tobacco product that is placed inside the

    mouth to suck and chew (referred to as a wad). This

    gives the user a continuous high from nicotine. It has

    over 3,000 chemicals, including 28 that can cause cancer.

    It also contains three timesthe amount of nicotine found

    in cigarettes.

    Spit tobacco is sold in 4 forms:

    1. Chew: a leafy form of tobacco sold in pouches. Users keep

    the chew between the cheek and gums for several hours at

    a time.

    2. Plug: chew tobacco that has been pressed into a brick.

    3. Snuff: a powdered, moist form of tobacco sold in tins.Users put the snuff between the lower lip or cheek and the

    gum. As well, some users will sniff it. Using snuff is also

    called dipping.

    4. Snusis a Swedish type of smokeless tobacco that is now

    sold here. It comes in teabag-like pouches that a user puts

    between the upper lip and gum. The user leaves snus in

    place for up to 30 minutes and discards without spitting.

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    A person who uses 8 to 10 dips

    or chews a day, receives the sameamount of nicotine as a heavysmoker who smokes 30 to 40

    cigarettes!

    There are many terms used to describe spit tobacco suchas oral, smokeless, chewing and snuff tobacco. The useof spit tobacco by any name is a significant health risk. The

    amount of nicotine absorbed is usually more than the amount

    delivered by a cigarette. The juice from the spit tobacco is

    absorbed directlythrough the lining of the mouth. This creates

    soresand white patchesthat often lead to cancer of the mouth.

    Other effects of spit tobacco:

    Chronic bad breath

    Stained teeth and fillings

    Gum disease

    Tooth decay Tooth loss

    Tooth abrasion

    Loss of bone in the jaw

    High blood pressure

    Risk of heart disease

    Stomach cancer

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    Betel Quid (Paan)

    Betel quid is a productof India, Sri Lanka, Africa and Asia.

    It is produced commercially or made at home. It consists ofa dried paste that often includes tobacco, areca nuts, catechu,

    mineral lime and scent or flavouring. The Paan is placed in the

    mouth, usually between the gum and cheek and then gently

    sucked and chewed.

    The effects of Betel Quid:

    Prolonged use of Betel quid can cause a thinningof the

    liningof the mouth.

    A common result is oral submucous fibrosis; stiffness of

    the cheekswhich can make opening the mouth difficult.

    White scarsmay appear on the cheeks, lips or roof of the

    mouth. It can lead to cancer of the mouth, esophogus and stomach.

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    How many teeth are in apack of cigarettes?

    A one-pack-a-day smoking habit can cost you theloss of at least two teeth every ten years.

    Smokers are about two times more likely to losetheir teeth than non-smokers.

    PERIODONTAL DISEASE

    Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for

    gum disease.

    Smokers in general have poorer oral hygiene and more

    frequently show signs of gingivitis than non-smokers. With

    increasing tobacco use their oral hygiene deteriorates.

    Smokers are 2 to 14 times more likely to develop periodontal

    disease than non smokers.

    Healing time for extractions, implants and gum surgery is

    prolonged in tobacco users.

    Tobacco users tend to have more plaque, tartar and stain on

    the tooth surfaces as well as below the gum line. This causes

    the gums to become very red, swollen and bleed easily.

    With continued tobacco use and lack of oral care, gum disease

    will lead to severe gingivitis, advanced periodontal disease

    and ultimately tooth loss.

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    Smoking and alcohol combinationaccounts for about 75% of all

    oral and throat cancers!

    Photo courtesyof NSTEP

    ORAL CANCER

    The incidence of oral cancer in Durham Region is similar to

    Ontario with approximately 10 in 100,000 people affected.

    Oral cancer is most frequently diagnosed in older adults and is

    3 to 4 times more frequent in men.

    Risk Factors:

    Tobacco use if combined with heavy alcohol

    consumption.

    Excessivesun exposure to the lips.

    Research suggests that the bacteria fromperiodontal

    diseasecould be toxic to

    surrounding cells and

    produce changes that leaddirectly to oral cancer.

    Usingchewing tobacco,

    betel quid or snuff.

    Human Papillomavirus

    (HPV) is known to

    cause oral cancer in

    younger adults withno history of

    smoking.

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    Smoking shortens life expectancymale (13.2 years)

    female (14.5 years)

    Signs and Symptoms:

    A sore on the lip or in the mouth that does not heal.

    A lump or thickening on the lip, on the gums, in themouth or throat.

    A white or red patch on the gums, tongue or lining of

    the mouth.

    Unusual bleeding, pain or numbness in the mouth.

    A sore throat that does not go away, or a feeling that

    something is caught in the throat.

    Difficulty or pain with chewing or swallowing. Loose teeth or dentures that fit poorly or become

    uncomfortable.

    A change in the voice and/or pain in the ear.

    Problems speaking clearly.

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    The truth is that all cigarettes areequally hazardous regardless ofthe filter type, the colour of the

    package, or the wording.

    DONT GET SUCKED IN!

    As no smoking laws sweep the nation and cigarette sales

    continue to fall, tobacco companies are devising other

    ways to make tobacco appealing. There is an attempt to move

    tobacco into offices and restaurants where people want a

    nicotine fix but cant light up.

    The tobacco industry is targetingyouand childrenas its next

    group of tobacco users.

    Cigarette packaging is still misleading smokers.

    A 2009 University of Waterloo health study found that:

    The prettier the package, the safer the smokes appear to

    the buyer. Seventy nine percent of the participants felt the lighter

    blue packages would have a lower health risk than the

    darker blue ones.

    Packages with words like smooth and filtermake the

    purchaser believe the cigarettes are less dangerous to their

    health.

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    THE DECEPTION CONTINUES.

    E-Cigarette:

    Inventors have created an electric cigarette which gives a

    nicotine hit while still managing to avoid the smoking ban.

    The small white stick, which looks like a cigarette, contains

    a chamber that vaporizes pure liquid nicotine into a puff of

    steam. This is not a healthy alternative to smoking since it

    gives the smoker an instant nicotine hitandfeeds the addiction.

    Advertising deception:

    Be aware of hidden messages that try to promote healthy

    tobacco use. The tobacco industry is aggressive in trying to

    find new ways to communicate its safe smoking messageamid

    severe limitations.

    Cigarette makers target

    women:

    Tobacco companies

    use marketing strategiesincluding female brands,

    which have contributed

    to the association of

    smoking withfemale

    liberation,glamour,

    successand

    thinness.

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    A master of public relations whowas hired by the tobacco industry,

    employed women to dress likefeminists and march in the Easterparade of 1929, in New York City.

    These women were also paid tosmoke and refer to their cigarettes as

    torches of freedom.

    WHY DO WOMEN SMOKE?

    Tobacco companies have developed some of the most

    aggressive and sophisticated marketing campaigns for

    reaching and influencing women and girls.

    According to Health Canada, most women smoke for one or

    more of these reasons:

    To relax and take a break

    To be sociable To deal with stress and

    depression

    To fight feelings of

    helplessness

    To deal with anger

    and frustration

    To avoid gaining weight

    To feel in control of their lives

    To feed their addiction

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    QUITTING TOBACCO USEDONT GO IT ALONE

    Although tobacco products are extremely addictive,

    thousands of people have successfully quit the habit. It

    may take several attemptsto quit using tobacco products.

    Dont give up!

    Support is availablefrom many sources such as, medical

    doctors, dentists, hygienists, support groups and help lines.

    There are many products on the market to help you quit,such as nicotine patches, gums etc. Seek the advice of a

    health professional.

    Using products like spit tobacco, herbal cigarettes or

    electric cigarettes are not a healthy substituteto help you

    quit smoking.

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    ONLINE SUPPORT

    quit4life.com

    quitnet.com

    smokershelpline/online.ca

    gosmokefree.ca

    healthyontario.com

    oralcancerfoundation.com

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    Oral Health Division905-723-1365 or1-866-853-1326www.durham.ca


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