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From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven:How to Realise the Elusive Potential of
Agriculture for Nutrition?
Lawrence Haddad
Institute of Development Studies
Biofortification: The First Annual Conference
November 9-11, 2010
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Overarching Question
What is Agriculture For?
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Three sub-questions
What are the potential pathways between
agriculture and nutrition?
How often are the pathways created andtravelled?
What needs to be done to increase the
chances of the pathways linking agricultureand nutrition?
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Three sub-questions
What are the potential pathways between
agriculture and nutrition? (Many)
How often are the pathways created andtravelled? (Much room for improvement)
What needs to be done to increase the
chances of the pathways linking agricultureand nutrition? (Some ideas)
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1. What are the potential pathways
between agriculture and nutrition?
Increased supply of
nutrients from
farming Own consumption
Purchased Income effects
Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm
rural income
Lower food prices
effective increase in
income
Post-harvest added
value
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What are the potential pathways between
agriculture and nutrition?
Increased supply of
nutrients from
farming Own consumption
Purchased Income effects
Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm
rural income
Lower food prices
effective increase inincome
Post-harvest added
value
x
Pro-poor
governance Institutions
Incentives
Approaches thatempower women Agency to work
the rules of the
game
Agency to definerules of game
Nutrition Lens
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What are the potential pathways between
agriculture and nutrition?
Increased supply of
nutrients from
farming Own consumption
Purchased Income effects
Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm
rural income
Lower food prices
effective increase inincome
Post-harvest added
value
x
Pro-poor
governance Institutions
Incentives
Approaches thatempower women Agency to work
the rules of the
game
Agency to definerules of game
Nutrition Lens
Improved
Nutrition
Energy
Diverse Diet
Micronutrient
status
Body MassIndex
Linear growth
=
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What are the potential pathways between
agriculture and nutrition?
Increased supply of
nutrients from
farming Own consumption
Purchased
Income effects Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm
rural income
Lower food prices
effective increase inincome
Post-harvest added
value
x
Pro-poor
governance Institutions
Incentives
Approaches thatempower women Agency to work
the rules of the
game
Agency to definerules of game
Nutrition Lens
Improved
Nutrition
Energy
Diverse Diet
Micronutrient
status
Body MassIndex
Linear growth
=
Enabling environment for nutrition
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2. How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
Agricultural growth-poverty
impacts
Cross-country regression results (+)
(Ligon, Christiansen, Loayza)
Country studies (mixed)
(Datt, Ferreira)
Agricultural growth-nutrition
impacts
Cross country regression resultsmore positive than negative, but
still mixed (Heady)
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Few ag-
nutrition
impact studies
to givegranularity
SPIA
83 income or nutrition
impact evaluations
between 1995 and 2008
(out of 761)
J-PAL in mid 2009 35 education
25 health
5 agriculture
3ie
2 of 18 in round 1 on
agriculture ALINe
6 of 50 large proposals to
a key Foundation
contained impact
evaluation designs
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Impact studies
notsystematically
organised
Protocols for inclusion
Clearly defined agricultural
intervention
Clearly defined nutrition
outcome
Quality of impact design Quality of data collection
Quality of study
implementation
Balance of interpretation
Regression meta analysis of
studies Features of interventions
which have the biggest
nutrition impacts in studies?
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
No studies yet
of the
nutrition
impacts of bio-
fortification
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Few ag-
nutrition
impact studies
to givegranularity
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Few ag-
nutrition
impact studies
to givegranularity
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
Impact studies
notsystematically
organised
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Few ag-
nutrition
impact studies
to givegranularity
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
Impact studies
not
systematically
organised
No studies yet
of the
nutrition
impacts of bio-
fortification
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How often are the pathways created
and travelled?
Few ag-
nutrition
impact studies
to givegranularity
Macro
agricultural
growth and
poverty: fairly
convincing
but crude
Impact studies
not
systematically
organised
No studies yet
of the
nutrition
impacts of bio-
fortification
Difficult to say
My guess is that there is
plenty of room for
improvement
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3. What needs to be done to increase the
chances of the pathwayslinking agriculture and nutrition?
Create an Enabling Environment
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Capitalise on the increasing need to
demonstrate impact
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Growth diagnostics:
from economics to nutrition
Source: Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice: A Mindbook Ricardo Hausmann,
Bailey Klinger, Rodrigo Wagner CID Working Paper No. 177 September 2008. Harvard University.
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Nutrition Commitment IndicesIndicators: Hunger, Legal Framework, Spending on
Agriculture, Social Protection
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Build the next generation of agriculture-
nutrition champions
MacArthurFoundations
Masters in
Development
Practice
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Conclusion
www.alineplanning.org
improved
nutritionGovernance
and Gender
Enabling
Environmentfor nutrition
High
productivity
agriculture
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From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
Agriculture
cannot be
the prime
shaper ofnutrition,
but
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Agriculture
cannot be
the prime
shaper ofnutrition,
but..nutrition
should be the
prime shaper of
(public )agriculture...
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
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Agriculture
cannot be
the prime
shaper ofnutrition,
but..nutrition
should be the
prime shaper of
(public )agriculture... ..what else is
agriculture
for?
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
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Thank You