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A PRESENTATION BY SURYA PRAJAPAT
HAIR- Personal care
HAIR GRAYING
Worried………??????
Its no late to work on retaining your hair’s natural colour with natural herbs.
Here presenting a research work on hair graying and the herbs useful to get rid of this problem.
HAIRS
Hair is a filamentous biomaterial that grows from follicles found in the
dermis.
Hair follicle - the part beneath the skin.
Hair bulb - the part when hair is pulled from the skin.
Hair follicle is located in the dermis and maintains stem cells -
responsible for regrowth of hair and skin.
HAIR
Hair shaft- the hard filamentous part that extends above skin surface. It has 3 layers-
Cutile – outer layer
Cortex- contains melanin pigment
and keratin protein.
Medulla- inner layer
Cortex contains melanin,
which colors the fibres based
on number, distribution
and types of melanin granules.
Cuticle is outer layer covered with single molecular layer of lipid. That’s why hair repel water.
Hair growth begins inside hair follicle
Other structures- Sabeceous gland & arrector pili muscles (responsible for hair erection, goose bumps)
HAIR PIGMENTS
All natural colours of hair are due to 2 types of hair pigments.
Melanin
Eumelanin Pheomelanin
Dominant pigment in- Dominant pigment in-
dark blond hair red hair
brown hair
black hair
Both these pigments are produced in hair follicle and packed into granules found in fibres.
HAIR
Gray hair occur when melanin production stops or decrease.
Shades of human hair colour are assessed by Fischer-Saller Scale. This
scale shows different grades as-
A – Light blond
B to E – blond
F to L – blond
M to O – dark brown
P to T – brown
U to Y – dark brown/ black
I to IV – red
V to VI – red blond
Fischer-Saller Scale
HAIR
Biochemistry of hair colour
As we discussed, 2 types of pigments are responsible for hair colour -
Eumelanin & Pheomelanin.
Pheomelanin colours the hair orange and yellow, all human beings have
some pheomelanin pigment present in their hair.
Eumelanin has 2 subtypes- Black eumelanin & Brown eumelanin. These
subtypes determine the darkness of hair colour.
Less Concentration of brown eumelanin = Blond hair
More Concentration of brown eumelanin = Brown hair
Less Concentration of black eumelanin = Gray hair
More Concentration of black eumelanin = Black hair
HAIR
Pheomelanin is more chemically stable than black eumelanin but is less
than brown eumelanin, hence it breaks down more slowly when
oxidised. That’s why bleach gives a darker hair a reddish tinge.
As pheomelanin break down continues hair becomes orange to yellow
and then finally white.
Pigment concentration affects hair colour -
1. Black hair- it is the darkest colour. Large amount of eumelanin is
present.
2. Brown hair- more brown eumelanin, less pheomelanin.
3. Blond hair- can have any proportion of both pigments.
4. Auburn hair- range from dark red(pheomelanin) to
brown(eumelanin) shade.
5. Chestnut hair- reddish shade of brown hairs.
HAIR
Red hair- highest amount of pheomelanin about 67% and low eumelanin.
Gray and White hair- it is not due to any gray or white pigment, but is due to lack of pigmentation and melanin.
Cause of hair graying-
There are many causes for hair graying, but mainly hydrogen peroxide is responsible for it.
Accumulated oxidative stress leads to the overproduction of H2O2 in the hair follicles. In other words hair begins to bleach itself from the inside out. The build up of H2O2 begins to block the melanin production.
This process is a series of complex mechanism involving the effect of oxidative stress and follicle damage on key enzymes.
HAIR
Key enzymes are- catalase, MSR A & B, tyrosinase.
Catalase is supposed to break up the H2O2 into water and oxygen, so the body can eliminate it. But catalase level drops as we age, allowing to accumulate H2O2
MSR A & B (methionine sulfoxide reductase A & B) are supposed to stimulate hair follicles to repair the damage caused by H2O2, but levels of these enzymes drop as we age.
And without enough MSR A & B the body can not produce enough of another enzyme, tyrosinase, which is directly involved in melanin production.
Conditions affecting hair colour
Age- hair lose their colour as human grow in age. Increase in age affects the melanin production in the body.
Naturally change in hair colour according to age is termed as Achromatrichia.
HAIR
Genetics- genes play major role in deciding hair colour. Mainly 2 genes are responsible for graying of hairs i.e Bcl2 & Bcl-w. Stem cells at the base of hair follicles produce melanocytes- these are the cells that produce and store pigment in hair and skin, the death of melanocytestem cells causes the onset of hair graying.
Our hair care products- tooth whitening agents and hair care products(hair bleaches, dyes, conditioners, shampoos) are being extensively used by the people. These products contain H2O2 which when increases in the body decreases the enzyme for melanin production. Hence hair graying occur.
Enviornmental pollution- Harmful free radicals are present in enviornmental pollution which get bind to healthy cells and cause cellular damage and decrease melanin production.
Smoking- smokers are more prone to hair graying as compared to nonsmokers.
Lack of Vit B12 & folic acid- these vitamins enhance the melanin production in the body naturally.
HAIR
Albinism- the inherited absence of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and
eyes, resulting in white hair and pink skin and pink eyes.
Vitiligo- a common autoimmune disease in which symmetrical white
or pale macule appear on the skin. Eyelashes turn white due to
accumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
Werner syndrome- premature aging
Pernicious anemia- RBC decrease
Malnutrition
Junk food- eating too much junk food increase the amount of
emulsifying agents, sodium bicarbonate in the body which directly
degrade the useful enzymes.
At some point in human life cycle cells located in the base of hair
follicles eventually slows or stops producing pigment. This condition is
termed as Apoptosis.
HAIR
HERBS -TO PREVENT HAIR GRAYING
1. Gurhal - Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
2. Bhringraj - Eclipta alba
3. Methi - Trigonella foenum-graecum
4. Amla - Emblica officinalis
5. Nariyal - Cocos nucifera
6. Jatamansi- Nardostachys jatamansi
HAIR
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Also called shoe flower, gurhal.
Active principles- anthocyanin
flavanoid & vitamin
Gurhal contain anthocyanin
cyanidin-3-sophoroside which
acts as antioxidant and arrest the
free radicals, hence it prevents the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, as a result melanin production is enhanced and hair starts regaining its natural colour.
Gurhal contains flavanoid quercetin which acts as tanning agent.
Vitamin C present in gurhal gives antioxidant action against oxidative stress.
HAIR
Eclipta alba
Also called Bhringraja
Active principles of eclipta alba-
ecliptine, wedelolactone, apigenin
and alkaloids, glucosides.
Wedelolactone is a selective inhibitor of the potent inflammatory
chemical 5-lipoxigenase, the inhibition occurs via extremely aggressive
oxygen radical scavenging.
Hence eclipta alba helps to promote hair growth and prevents hair
graying and also helps to retain natural hair colour.
The methanol extract of whole plant when tested for hair growth
promoting potential, exhibited dose dependent activity in C57BL6 mice.
The activity was assessed by studying the melanogenesis in resected skin,
follicle count in the subcutis, skin thickness and surrogate markers in
vehicle control and extract treated animals. (Journal of Ethnopharmacology
,124, 450–456)
HAIR
Emblica officinalis
Also called amla, amalaki.
Active constituents- tannins
emblicannin A
emblicannin B
It also contain amino acids, iron.
The fruit is an important source of vitamin C, minerals and amino acids. It contains three times the protein concentration and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) concentration than apple.
Emblicannin is a polyphenolic antioxidant. Emblicannin A aggressively seeks and attacks free radicals. After it neutralizes free radicals, emblicannin A is transformed into emblicannin B, another antioxidant. Emblicannin inturn also atttacks free radicals and is transformed into emblicannin oligomers.
HAIR
Researchers at the Institute of Natural Medicine, University of
Toyama, Japan, called Emblic Myrobalan a very useful antioxidant to
support normal oxidative stress levels during the body's natural aging
process.
E. officinalis was found to be rich in enzymic antioxidants such as
catalase, peroxides, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase,
glutathione. All these play an important role in detoxification of
superoxide, anions and H2O2 respectively. As a result melanin
production is stimulated and hair starts regaining its natural colour.
(International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, vol-3, 2012).
HAIR
Cocos nucifera
Also called Narikela, Nariyal.
Cocos nucifera contains a wide range of constituents, various inorganic ions, wide range of vitamins, amino acids and enzymes.
Cocos nucifera nourishes hair follicles and promotes hair growth
Coconut oil is a triglyceride of lauric acid (fatty acid) and has high affinity for hair protein.
It contains wide range of vitamins like Vit C (ascorbic acid-antioxidant) and biotin which are useful for hair care.
It contains amino acid tyrosine which helps to stimulate melanogenesis. Since stress can cause hair loss as well as color change, stable tyrosine levels are important. L-tyrosine dietary supplements may help hair that has changed color and regrowing hair regain its natural color.
Enzymes present in cocos nucifera like catalase and peroxidase which act as catalyst in melanin formation.
HAIR
Leucoanthocyanin present in coconut act as antioxidant which helps to arrest accumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
Nardostachys jatamansi
Also called jatamansi.
Jatamansi contains 3 terepenoid compounds-
nardal, nardin and jatamansic acid.
Oral admisnistration of jatamansi helps to remove
stress and anxiety which directly reduce the accumulation of free radicals.
Rhizome of jatamansi is being used as an aromatic adjunct in the preparation of medicinal oils, to promote hair growth and also imparts blackness.
Its rhizome extracted with hexane & chloroform gives hair growth promoting activity by reducing the hair growth time.
Essential oils obtained from its root show fungi toxic activity, antimicrobial, antifungal and hypotensive activities.
(C. P. Khare, Indian Medicainal Plants, 2011, 7, 146)
HAIR
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Also called fenugreek, methi.
Seed of this plant gives alkaloids, including trigonelline, gentianine and
carpaine, flavanoids and glycosides.
Its extract containing trigonelline and trigonellic acid is used as hair
growth stimulant.
Using fenugreek as a part of your diet or as a paste to directly apply on
your hair makes your hair shiny and black.
Massaging your head everyday with boiled
fenugreek seeds soaked overnight in coconut
oil can be an excellent remedy for thinning
of hair and hair fall.
Some Facts about hairs-
A single hair has a thickness of 0.02 - 0.04mm, so that 20 - 50 hair
strands next to each other make one millimetre.
Hair is strong as a wire of iron. It rips after applying a force equivalent
to 60kg, only after it stretched itself for about 70%.
Even on a good hair day, everyone loses at least 40 to 100 strands.
Hair consists mainly of keratin, which is also responsible for the
elasticity of fingernails.
More than 40% of people develop gray hair by the age of 40.
90% of your hairs are constantly growing, a hair having a lifespan of
about five years.
Reference
1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (124, 450–456)
2. Indian Medicinal Plants- C.P. Khare (2008, 2011)
3. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
4. International Journal of Phytopharmacology.
5. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, vol-3, 2012.
A PRESENTATION BY SURYA PRAJAPAT
THANK YOU