Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited

Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited

3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House, Mauve Area

Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan

tel + 92 51 220 3451 fax + 92 51 220 3462

www.halcrowpk.com

This report is made possible by the support of the American People through

the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The

contents are the sole responsibility of Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd and do not

necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

A-E Services for Monitoring and Milestone Verification of USAID-Funded Waran Canal and Gomal Zam Dam Command Area Development Project in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Gomal Zam Irrigation Project-Siltation Rapid Assessment Overview November 2017

IQC No AID-391-I-11-00002 Contract No AID-391-TO-16-00001


GZIP-Siltation Rapid Assessment Overview Report

November 2017 i HPK

Document history

A-E Services for Monitoring and Milestone Verification of USAID-funded Waran Canal and Gomal Zam Dam Command Area Development Project in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Gomal Zam Irrigation Project-Siltation Rapid Assessment Overview Report

This document has been issued and amended as follows:

Version Date Description Prepared by Reviewed

by

Approved

by

01 November

07, 2017

Siltation Rapid

Assessment

Overview Report

AM, MMS, UT,

MZ,SRS, FMK,

MZM

FMK FMK

02 November

16, 2017

Revise to

comments

AM, MZM FMK FMK

AM Atif Murtaza

FMK Fazal Mahmood Khakwani

MMS Muhammad Munawar Saeed

MZ Mian Zia-uddin

MZM Muhammad Zubair Mughal

SRS Saif-ur-Rehman Sherani

UT Umer Tariq



November 2017 ii HPK

Contents

1 Executive Summary 1

2 Background 3

2.1 Objective of Study 4 2.2 Methodology Adopted 4 2.3 Site Visit reference 5 2.4 Visit Locations 5 2.5 Schedule of Site Visit 5

3 Sources of Siltation 7

3.1 Outflows from Gomal Zam Dam 7 3.2 40km Stretch of Gomal River 7 3.3 River Course 8

4 Causes of Siltation in Canal System 9

4.1 Location of Diversion Weir 10 4.2 Barrage Gate Operation 10 4.3 Local Irrigation Practices 11 4.4 Local Siltation due to Blockage in the distribution system 11 4.5 Delayed Construction of Waran Canal & Watercourses 12 4.6 Canal Operation Staff of GZID 12 4.7 Annual Cleaning and Maintenance of Canal System 13

5 Recommendations for Silt Control in Gomal Zam 14

5.1 Short-Term Measures 14

5.1.1 Proper Operation of Barrage Gates 14

5.1.2 Taking Over of the Entire GZIP by Provincial Irrigation Department 15

5.1.3 Removal of Obstructions in Canal System 15

5.1.4 Social Awareness of Farmers / Locals 16

5.1.5 Maintenance of Canal Berms 16

5.1.6 Routine Canal Cleaning 16

5.1.7 Completion of Waran Canal & Watercourses 16

5.2 Long-Term Measures 16

5.2.1 Provision of Silt Ejector 17

5.2.2 Watershed management for 40km stretch 17

5.2.3 Construction of Check Dams 17

6 Conclusion 1

7 Limitations of the Study 1



November 2017 iii HPK

Appendices

Appendix A: Minutes of Meeting with Stakeholders

Appendix B: Visit Photographs

Appendix C: Documents received and reviewed

Appendix D: River Discharge, Sediment, Water Quality record

Appendix E: Measured Canal Discharges

Appendix F: Data Received from GZID

Appendix G: Suggested Improvement at Barrage Location



November 2017 iv HPK

List of Abbreviations

A-E Architect - Engineer

COR Contracting Officer’s Representative

D I Khan Dera Ismail Khan

EDF Environmental Document Form

EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

FDT Field Density Test

FWO Frontier Works Organization

GZIP Gomal Zam Irrigation Project

GZID Gomal Zam Irrigation Division

HPK Halcrow Pakistan

HSE Health, Safety and Environment

HSEM Health, Safety and Environment Management

KDC Kundi Development Corporation

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

MC Management Consultant

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

NOC No Objection Certificate

PCC Plain Cement Concrete

PID Provincial Irrigation Department

PIL Project Implementation Letter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QA Quality Assurance

RD Reduced Distance

SBC Shah Baba & Co

SC Sarwar Construction Pvt Ltd

SKC Shouqat Khan Contractor

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VRB Village Road Bridge

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority



November 2017 1 HPK

1 Executive Summary

This Siltation Rapid Assessment Overview Report of Gomal Zam Irrigation Project

(GZIP) presents a rapid assessment on the siltation problem and is based on the

coordination meetings with stakeholders, site visit of the dam, watershed, barrage

and silted up irrigation canals and review of the available project documents.

During site visit it was observed that in addition to the controlled water release

from Gomal Zam Dam, the 40km stretch of the Gomal River is also being fed by a

number of un-controlled hill torrents on its way with contribution from three main

nullahs / streams namely Sherana, Neeli Kuch & Spin Kuch during the rainy

season.

It is evident from the findings of the site visit that mainly the silt deposition in the

system is from the 40km long stretch of the Gomal River (between dam and

barrage). The silt transported by Gomal River 40km reach accumulates at the

upstream of diversion weir and enters the canal system due to improper use of

barrage / diversion weir gates. It is eminent to mention that water flow from

Gomal Zam Dam is not contributing any silt in the Gomal River as clear water

discharges from the dam lower outlet.

The accumulated silt at diversion weir enters the main canal and further to

distribution system. The control of barrage gates have been affected by break-

down of the available electric power generator and less staff for barrage gates

operation duing flood event.

The deposition of silt in the distribution canals is mainly due to illegal blockages

by local farmers by filling the canal section with stones, bushes , trolley load of

clay and similar which results in velocity reduction of canal flow and

consequently silt deposition occurs. Adittional factors contributing silt deposition

in canal system include ; delayed handing over of system to Provincial Irrigation

Department, non-allocation of maintenance budget by the Provincial Irrigation

Department, dealyed social mobilization of the beneficiaries on new canal system

and delayed construction of Waran Canal and of watercourses.

A number of remedial measures have been suggested which includes short term

measures and long-term measures;

The short term measures include proper control of barrage gates in order to

control silt entry into the main canal. The gate operation will be improved by

development of Gate Operation Manual by WAPDA, training of gate operating

staff, provision of power generator with fuel availability all times. In addition,

extension of upstream concrete floor of the canal head regulator approach channel

has been suggested to restrict the bed load entrance in the canal approach channel.

Currently, it appears difficult to flush silt once entered into the canal head

regulator approach channel with the operation of under sluice gates in the

presence of a divide wall. The other short term measures include social awareness

of farmers / locals to get familiarization about new canal system, annual canal

cleaning, maintenance of canal berms to control vegetation growth, removal of



November 2017 2 HPK

obstructions in canal system and early completion of Waran Canal & of

watercourses.

The long term measures include the provision of Silt Ejector across the canal about

300-400m downstream of canal head regulator, watershed management for 40km

stretch by plantation to control silt erosion from existing nullahs and construction

of check dams to control transportation of silt to diversion weir. The long term

measures requires extensive study and environmental impact assessment before

making any decision.

Based on the site observations and detailed discussion with stakeholders it is

expected that implementation of short term measures will improve the situation

regarding siltation issue in canal system. Further it is suggested that the

completion of Waran Canal & watercourses and handing over of complete system

to Provincial Irrigation Department must be expedited. Once the system is fully

operational and routine maintenance undertaken, the silt situation in the canal

system may be re-assessed and decision to be made accordingly regarding long

term measures.

This report is limited to overview of siltation issue in Gomal Zam Dam canal

system as required by USAID. The sources of siltation, causes and remedial

measures have been discussed in respective chapters. Due to prevailing security

situation our assessment is limited to our observations during the short site visit,

on discussions with the stakeholders and on the review of shared project

documents. Detailed assessment will be required for decision regarding long term

measures, if needed to consider.



November 2017 3 HPK

2 Background

Halcrow Pakistan (HPK) is providing Architectural and Engineering Design

Services to USAID for the Task Order “Monitoring and Milestone Verification of

Waran Canal and Gomal Zam Dam Command Area Development Project in

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”. Gomal Zam Dam together with its irrigation canals

network system was completed with USAID assistance in 2015‐16.

Gomal Zam Irrigation Project diversion weir (barrage) is located at Kot Murtaza,

nearly 40km downstream of Gomal Zam Dam site. The objective of GZIP was that

upon completion, the canal will ensure efficient conveyance and distribution of

Gomal Zam Dam water into the command area through a network of Gomal Zam

Irrigation canals. GZIP will provide reliable irrigation water to about 77,321ha of

command area scattered over three Tehsils; Tank, Kulachi and DI Khan through a

network of distributaries, minors and on farm watercourses.

GZIP Diversion weir (barrage) and the 17 distributaries are almost completed with

remaining one distributary (Waran Canal with its minors) and few minors of GZIP

are still under implementation phase. WAPDA has implemented the project and

has handed over 7 flood area distributaries and the diversion weir (barrage) to

Provincial Irrigation Department (PID) in October 2016. While, discussion is still

on-going between WAPDA, FWO (Implementation Contractor) and PID on the

taking over of the remaining distributaries.

The extension services activities for Gomal Zam Command Area Development are

being implemented through Provincial Agriculture and Livestock Corporation by

Provincial Planning and Development Department. The activities are in initial

stages of implementation.

Usually, siltation occurs in all the newly constructed system as the system is

undergoing a readjustment phase including regime disturbance in the main river

as a result of man-made construction, understanding and acceptance of new

system by the beneficiaries and similar.

Currently, the canal system is passing through initial adjustment phase as it has

started operation from 2014 onward. In this phase, the system is facing operational

problems in the form of ownership, improper maintenance, lack of periodic

annual cleaning system, illegal interference of farmers to divert canal flow at their

own will and interest and similar.

Under these prevailing conditions, complaints from the farmers and officials of

Irrigation Department were raised that some canals under the GZIP are frequently

silted up which not only incur costs of de-silting and cleaning to the farmers on

the one hand but also reduce canal water flow capacity. Thus, depriving tail‐end

farmers of their due water share and equity. In order to have an update on the silt

deposition in irrigation canals under GZIP, USAID has advised HPK to analyse

the situation and provide a Rapid Assessment Report in this regard.



November 2017 4 HPK

2.1 Objective of Study

The objective of the study was to conduct a Rapid Assessment of Siltation of

Gomal Zam Irrigation Project to capture ground realities and to recommend

possible mitigation measures for minimizing the effects of siltation of the GZIP

system. The siltation assessment overview has covered the following aspects;

To update on the situation of silt deposition in diversion weir (barrage), main

canal, distribution canals and watercourses.

Source of siltation (e.g. water released from dam or 40km strip downstream

the dam to barrage or direct silts from mountains into canal system or back-

filled soil drop into canals or any combination of these sources);

Causes of siltation at diversion weir and canal system

Impacts of siltation on water flows and distribution;

Any other observation regarding siltation; and,

Recommendations for control of silts in barrage, main and distribution canal

system and sedimentation of reservoir based upon cost-benefit analysis.

2.2 Methodology Adopted

The study was carried out for rapid assessment of the silt situation, its causes and

impacts. Methodology for the study includes;

(i) Discussions with concerned officers of WAPDA, Management Consultant,

FWO and Gomal Zam Irrigation Division (GZID). Meeting minutes are

attached as Appendix-A

(ii) Site observation of the dam, river and canal distribution system. Visit

photographs are attached as Appendix-B.

(iii) Interviews with relevant farmers of the command area; and,

(iv) GZIP documents review. List is attached as Appendix-C.

Documents reviewed included, Report on GZD Feasibility study, 1995, Project PC-

I, Detailed Project Report Design of Diversion Barrage of Gomal Zam Dam

Irrigation Component, GZDP River discharge, Sediment, Water quality and

Climatological Data Report for the year 2014, 2015 and 2016, GZDP-02 Irrigation

Component Operation and Maintenance Manual of Canal and Gated Equipment,

Comprehensive Model of Diversion Barrage Below Gomal Zam Dam (Hydraulic

Model Study) IRII&PD GO Punjab.

Discussions on siltation, its causes, and frequency of occurrence, impact and

remedial measures were held in a joint meeting with concerned staff of WAPDA,

FWO/AREAA (the designer), Management Consultant and Gomal Zam Irrigation

Division (GZID) on September 19, 2017. Further a separate meeting was conducted

with the GZID staff on siltation problem.



November 2017 5 HPK

Observation and assessment of water flows from dam to diversion weir, barrage,

canal and its distribution system was carried out from September 25-27, 2017.

Interviews with framers: Interviews and group discussions were conducted with

selected Water Users Associations (WUA) on September 20, 22 and 23, 2017 and

with farmers available on site during field assessment visits on September 26-27,

2017.

2.3 Site Visit reference

The visit was carried out with reference to the email instruction from the USAID

Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) dated August 30, 2017.

2.4 Visit Locations

Following sites were visited to conduct the rapid assessment of siltation in GZIP;

(i) Dam site;

(ii) 40km long stretch of the Gomal River starting from the Dam up to the Site

of Diversion Weir (travelling along the road by vehicle);

(iii) Diversion weir (barrage) site; and,

(iv) Identified silt affected GZIP canals and distributaries by GZID.

2.5 Schedule of Site Visit

Following was the schedule of meetings and of site visits;

(i) September 19, 2017; Meeting with WAPDA, Management Consultant,

FWO/AREAA (The Designer) and Gomal Zam Irrigation Division about

siltation problem of GZIP channels;

(ii) September 20, 2017; Separate meeting conducted with Provincial Gomal

Zam Irrigation Division and Rudkohi Irrigation System staff on siltation

problem;

(iii) September 22, 2017; Site visit of DI-6 Head Regulator and along the

distributary to observe and assess the obstructions made by beneficiary

farmers in the distributary for diverting water and also meeting with the

concerned farmers to understand their problems related to irrigation water

requirement.

(iv) September 23, 2017; Site visit of Disty-7, Disty-10, Disty-11, Disty-12 and

Disty-13 head works together with meeting the farmers / community to

understand flow diversion problem.

(v) September 25, 2017; Site visit to Gomal Zam Dam site, 40km long stretch of

the Gomal River downstream of the dam up to the GZIP diversion weir

(barrage) location at Kot Murtaza;

(vi) September 26, 2017; Ste visit of GZIP main canals and distributaries;

Makaliwah, Khanwand, Distributary-RB, Distributary-R1, Distributary-1,



November 2017 6 HPK

Distributary-2 and Distributary-3 its head regulators and meeting with

respective beneficiaries to understand their views regarding frequent silt

deposition in irrigation channels under GZIP. Drive along Disty-3 with

community to understand the shared problem of canal blockage by

influential farmers depriving the downstream beneficiaries of their due

share of water;

(vii) September 27, 2017; Site visit to Disty-4, Disty-5, Disty-8 , Disty-9, Disty-10

and Disty-11, their head regulators and meeting with the community to

understand their point of view related to existing situation of irrigation

water in canals and their current practise of water diversion from canals.

(viii) September 28, 2017; Travel back to Islamabad from DI Khan.



November 2017 7 HPK

3 Sources of Siltation

From the findings of the site visit it was evident that the primary source of silt

deposition in the system is from the 40km long stretch of the Gomal River

downstream of the Gomal Zam Dam up to the diversion weir (barrage) site. Major

contributor of silt generation in this 40km reach are its tributaries / nullas (hill

streams) which brings eroded materials in the hill torrents during flash floods into

the Gomal River which in turn carry it downstream towards barrage which finally

enter the canal system. During rains muddy water loaded with heavy silt from the

existing big and small nullahs waterways enters the Gomal River at various

locations and discharge its flow in the 40km long stretch of the Gomal River. It

was noted during site visit that water flow from Gomal Zam Dam itself is not

contributing any silt in the Gomal River as clear water discharges from the dam

lower outlet. Our observation regarding possible sources of siltation in the system

are as under:

3.1 Outflows from Gomal Zam Dam

The dam site was visited to observe the silt situation in the discharging water from

the dam. The reservoir of dam, as observed, was of clean water. It is a natural

process that when a river is ponded behind a dam, the sediments settles at the

bottom of the reservoir. The velocity of entering water from the catchment area on

approaching the reservoir reduces too much and resultantly water spreads in the

large storage area, any silt traveling from the catchment area settles down and

deposit at the bottom of the dam. Consequently clean water discharge was

observed at the outlet point of the dam into the Gomal River. However, these silts

are not carried down to the canal system as they are trapped inside the reservoir at

the upstream of the dam structure.

3.2 40km Stretch of Gomal River

The 40km long stretch of the Gomal River from Gomal Zam Dam up to the

diversion weir (barrage) of the canal system was noted as the primary source of

siltation for the GZIP system. The silt accumulated in 40km reach of Gomal River

travels up to the diversion weir and then enters the canal system. There are a

number of nullahs/ kuchs discharging into the 40km long part of the Gomal River at

different locations.

The main contributing nullahs are Sherana, Neeli Kuch & Spin kuch. Besides these

three nullahs there are small nullahs which discharge into the Gomal River 40km

reach. Most of the nullahs observed during site visit are seasonal nullahs which

contribute during rainy season. These nullahs were observed having catchment

area in the adjacent mountains of much steeper slope hence carrying eroded

material during rainy and flash floods season. The bulk water discharge from

these contributing nullahs further speed up the water flow in the Gomal River

40km reach and resultantly more silt travels downstream with river flow into the

system.



November 2017 8 HPK

The project has shared three years record of river discharge, sediment, water

quality and Climatological Data Report of years 2014, 2015 and 2016 prepared by

Surface Water Hydrology Project. The record reflects that the 40Km stretch of the

Gomal River has a tendency to carry suspended sediment during the flood flows.

It also reflects that the watershed is unstable and heavy rainfall erodes the bed

material due to steep slope of the river.

Year-wise Suspended Sediment Concentration have following observed maximum

values. Three years maximum observed suspended sediment concentration in a

year is as below.

Year 2014 2015 2016

Maximum Annual observed value 7330(ppm) 28,250 18,000

Corresponding Discharge(m³/s) 208.4 545 475.5

Date of event April 5 July 31 August 7

Though, annual sediment transport computations data reflect a reduction in the

sediment yield at Kot Murtaza Station after the construction of Gomal Zam Dam

in the year 2011 onward, refer Appendix-D.

3.3 River Course

The Gomal River 40km stretch is of rugged terrain with minimal scattered

vegetation. The surrounding mountain range lacks vegetation cover hence

susceptible to erosion as a result of heavy rains during the monsoon. The river bed

slope is steep enough as river drops by one meter after every 154m stretch. The

downstream river bed level at Gomal Zam Dam is at elevation of 635 above mean

sea level (msl) and the invert level of under sluice at Diversion Weir (barrage)

location is at an elevation of 375.3 msl. This reflects steep bed slope of the Gomal

River that results in high velocity during flood seasons. The Gomal River is being

fed by hill torrents having steeper bed slope together with unstable geology.

In addition, due to the construction of Gomal Zam Dam and the Diversion Weir

(barrage) the regime of the Gomal River has been disturbed which requires

considerable time in regaining regime conditions (non-silting and non-scouring

condition). Till that time there will be scouring at one point and siltation at another

point within the 40km stretch that results in silt accumulation in front of the

diversion weir (barrage).



November 2017 9 HPK

4 Causes of Siltation in Canal System

From above discussions regarding the sources of siltation it is revealed that silt

travelling in 40km stretch of the Gomal River ultimately deposits / accumulates at

the upstream of diversion weir (barrage). About 300m upstream of the diversion

weir (barrage), the river course is filled with heavy deposit of coarse sediment as

observed. The diversion weir (barrage) is filled up to crest level with silt as

observed during the site visit. Such flood irrigation schemes do silted up on the

upstream of the diversion weir (barrage) and its entrance into the canal head

regulator are usually controlled with proper gate operations of the Under sluice

structure and of canal head regulator.

The provision of four gated under-sluice structure is to flush the deposited silt in

front of the canal head regulator back to the Gomal River on its downstream side

to regulate a relatively clean flow into the canal system.

The accumulated silt at diversion weir site enters the main canal and the

distribution system mainly due to following main reasons;

improper operation of the under sluice and canal head regulator gates due to

breakdown of the only available generator during (June-September) 2017

period and availability of only one gate operator who could not operate the

under sluice gates during flood event.

temporary blockages of canals and distributaries by the local farmers has been

observed during site visit including filling the canal trapezoidal section with

stones, bushes, trolley load of clay, clothes and similar, which results in the

deposition of suspended silt in the canal bed;

Following secondary reasons have contributed in aggravating the siltation issue;

Delayed handing over of the system to Provincial Irrigation Department who

has to conduct annual cleaning of the system;

Non-allocation of maintenance budget by the Provincial Irrigation Department

as complete system is not yet taken over from WAPDA;

Delayed hiring of Irrigation Department staff (baildars) whose job is to keep the

canal reach clear from weeds, bushes and report blockage by farmers;

Delayed Social Mobilization of the beneficiaries to apprise them of new canal

system operation and maintenance requirements; and,

Delayed implementation of watercourses which has to take due share of silt

transportation to the field;

It was informed that canal de-silting was carried out by WAPDA/FWO from

(April-August) 2016 before partial handing over of the system to GZID in October

2016.

These causes are briefly discussed in the sections to follow.



November 2017 10 HPK

4.1 Location of Diversion Weir

The location of existing diversion weir has been adjusted on the recommendation

of Hydraulic Model Study conducted at Hydraulic Research Station, Nandipur in

2010. As a result, the earlier suggested location in the Feasibility Study Report 1995

was shifted 360m downstream.

The Hydraulic Model Study recommendations included following two drawn

conclusions which are;

i. “The barrage structure as a whole or the crests of all the components of the barrage

must be raised at least 1m or 1.5m if feasible, to create sufficient pond at the barrage

thereby mitigating the sediment (silt) entry into the canal.”

ii. “If it is not feasible or possible to raise the level of the barrage at the 2nd location at

least by 1.0m then the Silt Ejector may be provided across the canal at a distance of

(300-400) m downstream of canal head regulator to eject the large amount of

sediment entering the canal at the Head Regulator.”

The Hydraulic Model Study recommendation was based on the assumption that

creation of an upstream pond might mitigate the sediment / silt entrance into the

canal.

In this respect, the provided design drawings have been reviewed which reflects

that basic concept of the Nandipur Hydraulic Model study has been incorporated

by raising the elevation of barrage crests by 1.0m.

4.2 Barrage Gate Operation

Barrage is provided with both manual and electric power operated gates for four

gated under sluice and three gated canal head regulator. Provision has been kept

to operate all gates either manually or with electric power. During floods, under

sluice gates can only be operated manually by two persons while one person can

operate the canal head regulator gate. A power generator is provided for gates

operation by FWO which they have earlier used during the construction period.

The provided generator requires frequent maintenance.

Normally, under sluice gates are kept closed with canal head regulator gates in

open status to divert the river flow into the canal for irrigation purpose. During

flood events, canal head regulator gates are kept closed to prevent silt entrance

into the canal while under sluice gates are raised to cross the flood peak and to

flush the accumulated silt on its upstream floor back to the river on the

downstream side. The canal head regulator gates are raised only when the flood

starts receding as it carries considerably less proportion of silt.

The visiting team has been informed that barrage gates operation was not possible

due to absence of required number of trained gate operators at site and also due to

breakdown of the provided generator during the last three months. The generator

was non-operational and has been recently repaired as per the collected

information. During this period 12 flood events have passed and are recorded by

the gate operator. Proper gate operation was not possible during the flood events




due to breakdown of the available generator and presence of only one gate

operator during the mentioned period. This has resulted in considerable silt

entrance into the canal system during the last monsoon period floods as the gates

of the canal head regulator were not closed during flood events and the under

sluice gates were not operated.

During the visit, the team has been introduced with six staff members who were

recently appointed as barrage gate operator for round the clock presence of at least

2 gate operators at site. There exist gate operator room close to the barrage for

their stay at barrage site.

The visiting team felt a need of recently appointed staff training on proper gate

operation. At site rating curves of canal head regulator and of under sluice are

provided to operate gate as per requirements. Only one gate operator is found

familiar with the proper reading and use of the rating curves.

4.3 Local Irrigation Practices

In absence of watercourses, canal flow is being diverted from canal through

outlets by blocking the canal flow and by using inverted pipe syphon at fall

structures or even using pumping system by the farmers. This obstruction /

blockage to flow results in reduction of flow on downstream side, reduction of

flow velocity which ultimately leads to suspended silts deposit in the canal bed. A

very small number of farmers in close proximity of outlet have constructed raised

unlined watercourses in their own land. They do not provide water to other

neighbouring farmers from their watercourse or outlet. Only the well to do

farmers have arranged long pipes for irrigation of their land with syphons or use

of small pumps directly lifting water from the canals.

Such practices lead to unsystematic distribution of available water through raised

earthen canals against the contours for which the beneficiaries have to raise the

canal water level at outlets by canal blockage.

4.4 Local Siltation due to Blockage in the distribution system

As the local farmers of the area are habitual of using the traditional Rod Kohi (Spate

Irrigation) and try to get more water by Gandi system (creating temporary earthen

obstructions constructed across the bed of the canal). At different outlets it was

observed that farmers have obstructed water flows in the distributaries with

bushes, boulders and other materials to raise the water level for irrigation of their

undulating lands. In some distribution canals this kind of obstructions are placed

at different locations for the same purpose and by different farmers. These

obstructions reduce the velocity of flowing water and siltation occurs at the

upstream side of obstructions in the canal. This siltation is local and has no

significant impact on the canal operation.

On several distributaries, farmers at upstream outlets have blocked the

distributary to raise water for irrigating their undulating lands. The downstream

outlets are completely deprived from irrigation water. As a result of such actions




canal banks are observed damaged at different locations with overflowing water.

This type of channel blockage is still in practice.

On Distributary No. 3 complete blockage is a permanent practice by the farmers of

the upstream outlets. The downstream farmers are socially and politically weak

and cannot remove the permanent blockage of canal by the farmers of the

upstream outlets. These downstream farmers informed that their water supply

was broken down and they have requested upstream farmers to allow water for

few days but they have refused. They are appealing to different authorities for

help to solve the problems but without any success until September 26, 2017.

On Distributary No. 10, water was completely blocked by upstream framers and

no water was given to outlet at RD 36858 (Kot Essa Khan) and below this point.

They were approaching different authorities to overcome this problem as of July 5,

2017.

The distributary No. 13 was also completely blocked and no water was available.

During the visit to this distributary (September 23, 2017) farmer informed that this

is the first day that water is flowing in distributary-13 during this season. The

water in the distributary was very turbid which confirmed farmer’s information

about its sudden opening. The flow measured at end of main canal comes out to

be 9 Cusecs.

4.5 Delayed Construction of Waran Canal & Watercourses

Due to delayed construction of Waran Canal and field watercourses the canal

system is not fully operational and due share of transported silt is not distributed

proportionally to the whole system. Due to delayed implementation of

watercourses the transported silt deposits in the bed of operational distributaries

and is not transported to the fields due to blockages by farmers. The operational

distributaries are showing more silt deposition due to delay in operation of whole

system and routine annual desilting is not yet practiced. During field visits to

WUAs, a consistent demand for an early construction of watercourses was raised

by all the beneficiaries.

4.6 Canal Operation Staff of GZID

GZID appointed 64 persons for canal operation who are deployed on the taken

over distributaries and the main canal. The appointed baildar is responsible for

about 3-km reach to remove canal obstructions, clean weeds, sediment in order to

maintain the canal flow up to the tail structure. Visit to the main canal and

distribution system indicated that performance of the GZID staff need to be

enhanced / improved by frequent visit of the irrigation officials to monitor /

inspect their staff performance. The landowners sitting at the head reaches of

distributaries are permanently blocking water and placing obstructions thus

diverting as much water as they want and depriving the downstream farmers of

their water rights in the presence of the shared heavy contingent of canal

operation staff of GZID.




GZID has shown two files of complaints received and action taken to address the

canal blockage issue with the help of local authorities. Despite these actions, the

local are still using the old practice.

The visiting team is of the view that with the implementation of watercourses and

social mobilization of the beneficiaries, the matter will be gradually addressed

with passage of time.

4.7 Annual Cleaning and Maintenance of Canal System

Normally annual cleaning and de-siltation of canal system is practised during the

canal closure period (In Pakistan January is observed as closure period for canals).

It has been reported that no annual cleaning / maintenance has been done by

GZID due to non-availability of required budget with the Irrigation sub-division.

Currently, GZIP is not completely taken over by the Provincial Irrigation

Department on the plea that the implementation is not yet completed. There are

sites where the canal distribution system is damaged or is not high enough to

command the field. Therefore, discussions are in process among the stakeholders;

WAPDA, FWO and Provincial Irrigation Department to agree on the way-forward

on how to address the punch list prepared by the Irrigation Department indicating

damaged works of the system. As a result some of the distributaries including; RB

distributary, Khanwand distributary and tail portion of distributary 4 are non-

operational.

During the site visit, existing flow in the distributaries has been observed using

float method together with their existing free-board. The designed free board are

in line with the United State Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), though due to current

siltation it appears on lower side. The calculated observed discharge is tabulated

in Appendix-E

Provincial Irrigation Department staff are of the view that due to observed

damages, the system is not considered completed and they are not in a position to

takeover the damage or problematic distributaries. Till date, Provincial Irrigation

Department has takenover the Diversion Weir (barrage) and 7 distributaries from

distributary 6 to 13 with an exception of distributary 7. GZID further updated that

until the complete take over of the entire system, Operation and Maintenance

(O&M) budget cannot be allocated by the Provincial Irrigation Department. GZID

has prepared a PC-I for the review and approval of authorities. A copy has been

attached as Appendix-F which do represents their estimated canal desilting

budget.




5 Recommendations for Silt Control in Gomal Zam

Based on the above detailed discussions it has been concluded that main source of

silt entry into the canal and canal distribution system are following:

1. Mainly the silt transported by Gomal River 40km stretch (between dam and

barrage) accumulates at the upstream of diversion weir, enters the canal

system due to improper barrage operation.

2. Deposition of suspended silt in the canal system as a result of farmers

obstructing canal flow by temporary blockage to divert the flow towards their

fields. As a result flow velocity reduces and suspended silt settles in canal bed

instead of being transported to the fields.

In order to control the situation the required remedial measures are categorized in;

short term measures and long term measures.

5.1 Short-Term Measures

Suggested short terms measures include the following:

5.1.1 Proper Operation of Barrage Gates

WAPDA do provide a Gate Operational Manual which guides on the proper

operations of the canal head regulator gates and under-sluice gates during

normal flow conditions and flood events.

The newly hired gate operators of GZID should be trained in gate operation as

the silt enters from the upstream river side into the canal. This also requires

ensuring the hired staff presence at site. As per information, normally short

duration floods occurs at night, hence presence of operators round the clock is

required to monitor floods and operate the under sluice and canal gates

accordingly.

Although the barrage site is well equipped with the required accessories and

electrical fittings, however power supply from national grid is not available

and resultantly, the barrage lies in complete dark during night times. It is

recommended that provision of solar power must be made for the operation of

the installed lights at barrage site for use during night times and flood

emergencies.

The existing power generator at barrage site is in deteriorated condition and

require frequent repair & maintenance. This generator may be replaced with a

new power generator of appropriate capacity. The power generator laying

under open sky must be properly installed and protected in a generator room.

Moreover, availability of fuel for generator use must be ensured on site at all

times.

GZID should remove the accumulated silt on upstream of the canal head

regulator either by flushing method or by using earth works machinery.




Provincial Irrigation Department should release Operation and Maintenance

fund for barrage operation and maintenance without further delays at least for

the taken over distributaries and barrage.

GZID may review the possibility of extending the upstream floor at El 376.50m

up to the upstream point of divide wall between (under sluice and canal head

regulator) refer drawing Nos. GZD-BA-GD-008, GZD-BA-GD-010 and GZD-

BA-GD-011 for better understanding. The design drawings reflect the

upstream floor of canal head regulator at El 376.5m is of 20m length only. The

canal head regulator approach channel then drops down to same level of

under sluice upstream floor which is at EL 375.8m.

We are of the opinion that due to same upstream bed elevation of EL375.8m,

the sediments / silt entered in the canal head regulator approach channel

cannot be removed with the operation of under sluice gates due to an existing

divide wall between under sluice and canal head regulator. With the raising of

the upstream bed at current El 375.8m to El 376.5m by an approximate length

of 17m (up to the start of divide wall) silt entrance into the canal head

regulator approach channel will be reduced and a low level flow channel will

be guided towards the under sluice. This will create helicoidal flow situation

with heavy sediment / silt will be guided to the under sluice and

comparatively clean flow towards the canal head regulator. This suggested

raised extension will act as a skimming weir that will reduce silt entrance into

the canal and guide the deposited silt towards the under sluice. Refer

Appendix-G for better understanding the suggested improvement.

5.1.2 Taking Over of the Entire GZIP by Provincial Irrigation Department

Dedicated efforts should be taken by all stakeholders to create a situation in which

Provincial Irrigation Department takes over the remaining distribution system of

GZIP. Currently, the system has been partially taken over by the Provincial

Irrigation Department and discussion are underway for the rest. It is expected,

that most of the issues will be addressed with the complete taking over of the

GZIP by the Provincial Irrigation Department. As this will start allocation of

Operation and Maintenance funds by the department which is currently not

available under any head.

5.1.3 Removal of Obstructions in Canal System

GZID should ensure removal of all temporary & permanent obstructions from the

canal distribution system. GZID should enforce functioning of the entire

distribution system by all available means under the law. The field staff of GZID

shall regularly monitor outlets discharge at the distributaries and must ensure the

availability of water up to the tail portion in the taken over system portion.

GZID should capitalize on the on-going command area project through close

coordination with project staff to utilize farmer’s organizations for smooth canal

operation.




5.1.4 Social Awareness of Farmers / Locals

As the farmers are habitual of traditional Rod Kohi (spate irrigation) system and try

to get more water stored by using their traditional Gandi system for diverting

water from the canals. Social awareness and sensitization of local farmers is

required to educate them for getting irrigation water from canals through

appropriate structures, practices and further usage and advantages of canal

irrigation system.

5.1.5 Maintenance of Canal Berms

Canal berms are not maintained on large sections of many distributaries. At some

locations it has been observed that both sides of the distributaries are submerged

in thick bushes and it appears that water is flowing through bushes. These bushes

are extending in canal and on the canal berms. They may cause hindrance and

temporary blockages in the normal flow of water and cause siltation in the canal.

Maintenance of canal berms be ensured by cutting of all bushes by the field staff of

GZID.

5.1.6 Routine Canal Cleaning

Annual silt cleaning of canals is carried out in the country by Irrigation

Department in the month of January for which canal closure dates are notified.

GZID will also carry out annual canal cleaning this year after issuance of prior

notification to farmers.

GZID estimated the existing annual canal cleaning cost of up to Rs. 9.6 million in

September 2017. Annual cost of cleaning is part of the O&M budget of the canal

system and is attached as Appendix-F. The task of canal desilting should be

carried out jointly by Irrigation Department and farmers to inculcate sense of

ownership among water users.

5.1.7 Completion of Waran Canal & Watercourses

Delays in completion of Waran canal and of field watercourses under Command

Area Development activities have equally contributed in worsening the canal

siltation problem. Usually, the suspended silt enters the fields through the

watercourses. Currently, in the absence of these watercourses, the beneficiaries are

blocking the canal at their own will to divert the flow towards their field without

considering the contours. There are sites where farmers are diverting the flow

against the contour resulting in complete blockage of canal system.

It is therefore suggested that remaining work of Waran canal and watercourses be

expedited for full irrigation system operation and distribution of share of silt in the

irrigation system.

5.2 Long-Term Measures

Following long term measures could be considered if the siltation issue is not

addressed with the short terms measures;




5.2.1 Provision of Silt Ejector

Nandipur Hydraulic Model Study has suggested that raising of barrage by 1.0m to

create sufficient pond upstream of the barrage so that the sediment entry into the

canal might be mitigated. Incase, sedimentation / silt issue is not mitigated by

undertaking short terms measures then the suggested option of Silt Ejector may be

considered across the canal at a distance of 300-400m downstream of canal

regulator to eject the sediments entering the canal.

5.2.2 Watershed management for 40km stretch

Another possibility is to minimize the concentration of sediments by afforestation

of the unstable hill torrents within the 40km stretch. This includes afforestation

together with other structural and non-structural interventions to reduce soil

erosion.

This option is considered difficult under the present volatile law and order

situation of the area. If this option is considered, extensive efforts will be required

for plantation in the area covered with rocks.

Detailed study will be required for the identification of specific water resistant

plants species according to climatic and geological conditions of the area and

plantation in the watershed as the area requiring plantation is quite large.

Similarly, other structural options may also be explored such as cascade of barriers

made of local stones, wood or bushes to slow down the erosive velocity of hill

torrents.

5.2.3 Construction of Check Dams

In order to reduce the Gomal river bed slope, one option could be provision of

check dams at regular intervals. The Gomal river bed drops from elevation 635.0m

msl to El 375.8m msl at barrage under sluice. The 260m drop could be utilized by

providing multipurpose check dams in the river bed including micro hydropower,

irrigation and similar. This suggestion involves fresh surveys and studies to

determine the extent to which these check dams could control the sedimentation

over the years. Extensive studies and environmental impact assessment will be

required to consider this option. However, construction of check dams in the

waterways / nullahs which are contributing flash floods and carry sediments and

debris from the mountains in to the River at different locations could be a better

option to counter erosion by reducing water flow velocity and gradually plugging

off the waterways.



November 2017 HPK

6 Conclusion

Based on the detailed discussions above it is concluded that;

Mainly the silt transported by Gomal River 40km reach accumulates at the upstream of

diversion weir, enters the canal system and deposition of silt in canal bed occurs due to

improper gate operation and poor irrigation practices.

The Gomal Zam Dam itself is not contributing any silt into the Gomal River. The

Gomal River 40km stretch (between dam and barrage) is the primary source of

siltation. The existing nullahs/streams in the watershed of 40km stretch contribute

silt during floods. Most of the existing nullahs are seasonal and have steeper bed

slope, hence more silt transportation.The Gomal river 40km reach bears steep

slope as the elevation drops by 260m between dam downstream and barrage

upstream. The silt deposited in Gomal river 40km strectch by existing

nullahs/streams travels with river flow and accumulates at upstream of diversion

weir.

The accumulated silt at diversion weir upstream enters the main canal due to

improper operation of barrage / diversion weir gates. The barrage gates operation

has been affected due to number of reasons incuding less staff availability, electric

power generator break-down, non-availability of barrage gate operation manual

that guides when to close the canal head regulator gates and open the under sluice

gates and similar. In distributarory canals the silt is deposited by poor irrigation

practices followed by the local farmers.

The other causes of silt accumulation in the distribution system include the

delayed construction of Waran Canal & watercourses, absence of annual cleaning

and maintenance of canal system due to non-availability of funds, delayed social

mobilization of the beneficiaries on proper operation of new canal system, delayed

handing over of the system to Provincial Irrigation Department.

Short term remedial measures are suggested to address current siltation while

suggested long term measures will be under taken at a later stage after proper

study, if short term measures do not address the siltation issue. It is expected that

implementation of short term measures will improve the situation of silt

transportation and its deposition in the canal system.

Once the canal system is fully operational and short term measures undertaken,

then assessment of silt may be considered again at a later stage considering

feedback from locals and Provincial Irrigation Department. If the situation still

persist then long term measures be considered which requires extensive studies

before reaching to any decision on funding possible long term interventions.

Regarding the economic implications for short term measures, most of the

mitigation measures does not require cost rather management by the Provincial

Irrigation Department. Major element involving cost factor is de-silting of existing

distributaries for which PC-1 details shared by Irrigation Department have been

appended in Appendix-F. As the quantum of silt accumulated in the canal system



November 2017 HPK

is not possible to assess due to to prevailing security situation and time constraints

the cost estimation for desilting shared bt Irrigation department has been adopted.



November 2017 HPK

7 Limitations of the Study

This Siltation Rapid Assessment Overview Report has following limitations;

USAID requirement for study was to provide an overview of the siltation

issue;

Cost benefit analysis have not been included in the report due to non-

availabilty of details regarding production of command area. As the

watercourses have not been constructed consequently system is not fully

operational. Moreover, command area development incuding land levelling

and similar activities have not been started therefore, conclusion about

command area production cannot be arrived;

The prevailing security conditions of the area doesn’t permit for detailed

assessment of the canal system;

The contents of report have been based primarily on site visit and discussions

held with stakeholders. Further the documents/reports shared by stakeholders

have been reviewed.

Actual quantum of silt deposition are normally carried out by Siltation

Laboratories. Our assessment is based on the report prepared by SURFACE

WATER HYDROLOGY PROJECT for WAPDA on the topic, “RIVER

DISCHARGE, SEDIMENT, WATER QUALITY AND CLIMATOLOGICAL

DATA REPORT.

Long term measures as discussed above, if needed to consider, will require

detailed study of siltation issue carried out by specialised agency before arriving at

any decision.



November 2017 HPK

Appendix A

Minutes of Meeting with Stakeholders


3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House, Mauve Area, Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel +92 51 220 3451-55 Fax +92 51 220 3462 [email protected], www.halcrowpk.com

Meeting Record

Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited (An independent Company formerly part of Halcrow Group.) Registered office: 3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House. Mauve Area,

Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan. Company Registration No. 0030400, PEC Registration No. CONSULT/712.

Project A-E Services for Monitoring and Milestone

Verification of USAID-Funded Waran Canal

and Gomal Zam Dam Command Area

Development Program in Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

Date September 19, 2017

Ref

Subject Meeting regarding Siltation Issue in GZIP Page 1 of 5

Venue WAPDA’s Rest House, Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC), DI Khan

Date held September 19, 2017

Present WAPDA

Abdullah Khan, Senior Engineer (SE)

Adnan Khan, Junior Engineer (JE)

FWO & AREAA

Maj. Atif Nasim Awan, FWO

Syed Shafqat Abbas, Accountant FWO

M. Ishaq Bhatti, Project Manager AREAA

Irrigation Department

Tariq Ali Khan, XEN Irrigation

Rizwan, SDO Irrigation

Qazi Shafqat, Sub-Engineer

Management Consultant (MC)

Syed Akhter Hussain, Project Manager

Sharifullah, Design Engineer

Akhter Abbas, IWCE

Rehmatullah, ARO

Muhammad Sadiq, Environmental Specialist

Halcrow Pakistan (HPK)

Fazal Mahmood, Chief of Party (COP) WC & GZD-CADP

Mian Zia-uddin, Irrigation Engineer (IE)

Saifur Rahman Sherani, Sociologist (SC)

Atif Murtaza, Field monitor (FM)

Munawar Saeed, Field Inspector (FI)

Haroon Latif, Project Security Manager (PSM

Apologies None

Record of meeting about Meeting regarding Siltation Issue in GZIP Page 2 of 4

No. Discussion Action

1. A meeting regarding Siltation Issue in Gomal Zam Irrigation

System was held at WAPDA’s Rest House, Chashma Right Bank

Canal (CRBC), DI Khan.

2. Introduction: SE WAPDA, thanked the participants of the

meeting to attend the meeting. CoP briefed the participants

about the siltation overview report requirements by USAID and

asked the questions regarding primary sources of siltation,

locations where siltation occurred, major causes/reasons of

siltation and remedial/mitigation measures required to control

situation. CoP requested XEN Irrigation to explain the siltation

problem to meeting participants.

3. Primary Sources:

XEN Irrigation briefed the participant’s regarding siltation issue

in GZIP. He told that primarily siltation occurs in 35 Km reach

which travels up to barrage / diversion weir and then in main

canal and distributaries. During rain muddy water from

mountains enters in 35 Km reach. Dam is not contributing any

silt as clean water has been observed from dam discharge.

Mainly silt enters from diversion weir into the canal system.

MC agreed with the observations shared by XEN and further

added that mainly three nullahs namely ; Sherana, Neeli Kuch &

Spin Kuch are contributing silt in 35 Km reach besides some

small nullahs. It was further shared that normally short duration

(1 to 1.5 hrs) floods contribute to silt accumulation in 35 Km

reach.

4. Locations: CoP asked XEN regarding the locations in canal

system where silt accumulation has occurred. XEN shared that

normally silt accumulates at the U/S of diversion weir and then

enters into the canal system. He further shared details of silt

observed in main canal and distributaries.

5. Causes:

CoP asked the causes for silt accumulation at U/S of diversion

weir and canal system.

MC shared that the main reason for silt accumulation at U/S of

diversion weir is improper control of regulation of the under

sluice gates. MC further shared that due to breakdown of

generator the under sluice gates were non-operational since last

three months. It was pointed out by MC that non-presence/less

staff availability for gate operation has been observed during



their visits. It was further shared by MC that trained persons

should be deputed for gate control at diversion weir.

XEN didn’t agreed with MC that accumulation of silt at U/S of

diversion weir is due to improper control of under sluice gates.

However, he confirmed that generator was out of run for some

time but now repair work has been fixed. He share that control

of under sluice gates never remained un-attended however,

hiring of more staff for gate operation is under process.

CoP asked regarding the location of diversion weir. MC

explained that the Feasibility study report shows weir location

400m upstream as compared with current location. Current

location is adjusted after a model study report from Nandipur

research station. CoP requested to share the research report

received from Nandipur.

XEN & MC further shared that as the farmers/locals are habitual

of Rod Kohi (Spate Irrigation) system and try to get more water

by adopting Gandi system which creates hindrance to canal flow

and reduction in flow velocity resultantly accumulation of

suspended silt in canals.

6.

Remedial Measures: CoP asked the participants for possible

short and long term remedial measures required to control the

silt accumulation in the canal system and diversion weir.

The participants shared the following remedial measures for

consideration:

MC proposed De-silting/cleaning of accumulated silt at

diversion weir. Further under sluice gates should remain open

in order to control for silt accumulation at U/S of diversion weir

CoP asked about operation manual for proper control of gates

operation at diversion weir. XEN informed that no Operation

manual exists and need to be developed for proper gate

operation by the Designer.

MC suggested that Staff/operators training is required, further

staff needs to be increased for proper sluice gate operation. MC

also suggested for routine/annual cleaning of canal system by

Irrigation department. Moreover Canal needs to be closed

during flood to control silt.

WAPDA suggested that Irrigation Department to be equipped

with funds for routine maintenance/cleaning as no funds have

been allocated for maintenance.



The participants agreed that education of farmers/locals for use

of canal system, social mobilization and awareness is required as

the gandi system is still in practice. Further it was suggested that

remaining work on canal completion to be expedited as the

incomplete canal system is also contributing to silt

accumulation.

MC and WAPDA suggested for long term measures to be

considered by:

Watershed management by plantation/vegetation in the

catchment of 35 Km reach

And construction of Check Dams at regular intervals to control

silt in the Gomal river 35km stretch.

7. Conclusion: The meeting ended with the note of thanks by CoP

and proposed site visit details were shared with participants to

accompany during site visits.

Author:

COP:


3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House, Mauve Area, Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel +92 51 220 3451-55 Fax +92 51 220 3462 [email protected], www.halcrowpk.com

Meeting Record

Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited (An independent Company formerly part of Halcrow Group.) Registered office: 3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House. Mauve Area,

Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan. Company Registration No. 0030400, PEC Registration No. CONSULT/712.

Project A-E Services for Monitoring and Milestone

Verification of USAID-Funded Waran Canal

and Gomal Zam Dam Command Area

Development Program in Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

Date September 20, 2017

Ref

Subject Meeting regarding Siltation Issue in GZIP Page 1 of 3

Venue Gomal Zam Irrigation Division Office, D.I.Khan

Date held September 20, 2017

Present Irrigation Department

Tariq Ali Khan, XEN GZDIP (XEN)

Khushal Khan, XEN CRBC (XEN-I)

Rizwan, SDO Irrigation (SDO)

Qazi Shafqat, Sub-Engineer (SE-I)

Inayat Ullah , Sub-Engineer (SE-II)

Mushtaq Ahmed, Zdr. Rtd. (ZR)

Halcrow Pakistan (HPK)

Fazal Mahmood, Chief of Party (COP) WC & GZD-CADP

Mian Zia-uddin, Irrigation Engineer (IE)

Atif Murtaza, Field Monitor (FM)

Munawar Saeed, Field Inspector (FI)

Apologies None


1. A meeting regarding Siltation Issue in Gomal Zam Irrigation

System was held with Irrigation Division Gomal Zam at their

office in DI Khan.

2. Introduction: CoP thanked the participants of the meeting to

attend the meeting. CoP briefed the participants about the

siltation overview report requirements by USAID and asked the

questions regarding primary sources of siltation, locations where

siltation occurred, major causes/reasons of siltation and

remedial/mitigation measures required to control situation.



3. Design Issues:

XEN Irrigation briefed the participant’s regarding the design

issues observed. He explained that mainly three issues

pertaining to design. Major issue is less free board provided in

the canals. Normally the accumulation of silt is compensated by

free board but 6 to 9 inches free board has been provided which

is not sufficient. The other issue related to design are lack of

provision of escape structures and availability of required

demand discharge at canal head regulator.

CoP inquired about the water requirement throughout the year.

Following details were shared by XEN:

January ------------ Closure

Feb. to March----- 24 cumecs

April to Aug. ------12-16 cumecs

Sep. to Dec. ------- 24 cumecs

CoP inquired about the crops being cultivated by farmers/locals.

XEN shared that Rabi season main crop is Wheat, while Kharif

season crops include Maize, Sugar Cane, Millet, Chick Peas,

Melon and Grass.

XEN further explained that difference in GCA & CCA is

considerable. Reduction factor in GCA has been applied

randomly without considering ground conditions which will be

problem for farmers in future.

XEN suggested for the involvement of Irrigation department at

the time of defect liability period in order to highlight the

shortcoming in canal system.

4. Operational Issues: CoP asked XEN regarding the operational

issues being faced.

XEN shared that barrage/ diversion weir control manual

has not been provided. He added that proper calibration of

canal system has not been done. He further shared that Punch

list developed at the time of handing over has not been

implemented. Most of the issues were mentioned in the punch

list for system improvement but WAPDA hasn’t agreed on

punch list developed.

CoP advised XEN to revisit the punch list developed and try to

reach on consensus mutually. CoP further shared that issue of

operation manual required for proper gate operation has already

been discussed in joint meeting with Management Consultant &

WAPDA.



XEN shared that Generator installed for gate operation is 5 years

old, affects performance and needs replacement.

CoP asked about the routine/annual maintenance of canal being

done for the canals handed over by WAPDA. XEN explained

that he has requested the department for allocation of budget

but no allocation has been made yet.

5. Cost estimates :

CoP inquired regarding cost estimates for the cleaning of canal

system.

XEN shared the cost estimate of PKR 10 M inclusive of

maintenance and system improvement. CoP inquired regarding

the methodology adopted for the preparation of cost estimates.

XEN shared that normally de-silting budget is prepared on

experience basis. Normally the time in hours required to clean

the canals from silt by excavator is base point for estimation.

Actual survey for quantification is done before the start of work

and actual quantity may vary.

6. Conclusion: The meeting ended with the note of thanks by CoP

and proposed site visit details were shared with participants to

accompany during site visits.

Author:

COP:



November 2017 HPK

Appendix B

Visit Photographs

Group photo of HPK, Irrigation and MC designer team at Gomal Zam Dam power house site

View of Clear and clean water supply from bottom outlet of Dam

Stream contributing in main river in 40 KM stretch

Main river view at Kot Murtaza

Group photo of Gate operators of diversion barrage

Upstream and downstream view of ogee weir of diversion barrage

Upstream view of canal Regulator gravel base sediments deposited at front of gates

View of silt flushing after opening the gates of under sluice

Power Generator in poor condition for mechanical operating of diversion barrage Gates

Mekali Wah Distributary start reach outlet R/S damaged and L/S Panel also broken

RB distributary head regulator view discharge calibration not yet marked at discharge point

RB distributary head reach fully silted up to lining top

Khan Wand distributary head regulator discharge Calibration marked at discharge point

Khan Wand distributary head reach having silt and washed away at upstream and downstream of aqueduct

D1-R1 distributary head reach view HPK team members collecting information from

the farmer on silt at D1-R1 distributary

Distributary no 1 Calibration marked at discharge point

Distributary no 1 de-siltation done by farmers

HPK Sociologist getting information from the farmer of Distributary No 1

Head reach view of distributary no 2

Head regulator of distributary No 3 Distributary No 3 head reach de-siltation done by

contractor FWO about 1.5 year ago

Silt and Jungle in Distributary No 4 head reach Silt berm in Distributary No 5

Head regulator of Distributary No 6 Farmers taking water by installing inverted pipe

syphon at Distributary # 6

Water blockage at Distributary No 6 Outlet no 22341/R

Distributary No 7 head reach

Distributary No 8; Completely silted-up near Kulachi road crossing

Irrigation Department Baildaar showing silt being deposited in bed of Distributary No 9

Distributary No 10 de-silted material on both banks

Distributary No 11 RD 02+380

View of Distributary No 12 Minor de-siltation done by the farmers

Discharge measurement at Head regulator of Distributary No 13

Distributary No 13 Head reach de-silted material on both banks

Main canal Silt and vegetation at RD 59+403

Meeting With WAPDA, Management Consultant, FWO and Irrigation Department

Meeting with Irrigation Department



November 2017 HPK

Appendix C

Documents received and reviewed

No. Title of Document Type Source Date

Received

1 Feasibility Study Report 1995 of

multipurpose Gomal Zam Dam and

irrigation system

Report WAPDA Sep 15, 2017

2 Detailed Project Report Design of

Diversion Barrage of Gomal Zam Dam

Irrigation Component

Report Do Sep 15, 2017

3 GZDP River discharge, Sediment, Water

quality and Climatological Data Report

for the year 2014 & 2015

Report Do Sep 15, 2017

4 GZDP River discharge, Sediment, Water

quality and Climatological Data Report

for the year 2016 & 2017

Report do Sep 15, 2017

5 GZDP-02 Irrigation Component

Operation and Maintenance Manual of

Canal and Gated Equipment

Report Gomal Zam

Irrigation Division

Sep 20, 2017

6 List of AOM&R works in respect of

Gomal Zam irrigation Division D I Khan

during 2017-2018

Document do Sep 20, 2017

7 Statement Showing area Rod Kohi &

Related Gomal Zam Canal network.

Gomal Zam Irrigation Division D I

Khan


8 Siltation of Distributaries in the

jurisdiction of Gomal Zam sub Divison

No 2


9 Comprehensive Model of Diversion

Barrage Below Gomal Zam Dam

(Hydraulic Model Study)IRII&PD GO

Punjab

Report WAPDA Sep 27, 2017



November 2017 HPK

Appendix D

River Discharge, Sediment, Water Quality record



November 2017 HPK

Appendix E

Measured Canal Discharges

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Distributary

No.RD From RD To

Flow Q

(m³/s)

Velocity

V (m/s)

Free

Board (m)

Bed Width

(m)

Flow Depth

(m)

Total

Depth (m)

Velocity

(m/s)

Free Board

Observed ( m)Silt Depth (m)

Flow

Depth

Flow

Area

Flow Observed

without silt Q1

Flow

Depth

Bed

Width

Flow

Area

Flow Observed

with silt Q2

Difference

Q1-Q2

4 0+050 0+360 0.683 0.41 0.15 2.00 0.64 0.79 0.530 0.35 0.15 0.44 1.0736 0.569 0.290 2.300 0.751 0.398 0.171

5 0+109 1+009 1.733 0.70 0.20 2.75 0.72 0.92 0.79 0.15 0.15 0.77 2.7104 2.141 0.620 3.050 2.275 1.797 0.344

6 0+150 1+000 4.086 0.81 0.25 3.50 1.10 1.35 0.78 0.15 0.15 1.20 5.6400 4.399 1.050 3.800 5.093 3.973 0.427

7 0+00 0+311 1.189 0.89 0.18 0.90 0.79 0.97 1.40 0.45 0.15 0.52 0.7384 1.034 0.370 1.200 0.581 0.813 0.220

8 0+00 0+302 1.286 0.65 0.18 2.50 0.63 0.81 0.76 0.30 0.10 0.51 1.5351 1.167 0.410 2.700 1.275 0.969 0.198

9 0+00 0+133 0.589 0.58 0.15 1.00 0.62 0.77 0.58 0.20 0.15 0.57 0.8949 0.519 0.420 1.300 0.722 0.419 0.100

DESIGN DATA (AS BUILT DRAWINGS)

A-E Services for Monitoring and Milestone Verification of Waran Canal and GZD-CADP in KP

FIELD DATA CALCULATIONS

Without Silt With Silt



November 2017 HPK

Appendix F

Data Received from GZID

AM&R PROGRAMME / WORKS / PC-I FOR THE YEAR 2017-18. GOMAL ZAM IRRIGATION DIVISION DIKHAN.

S# Name of Circle Division Circle / Division wise AM&R Programme for the Year 2017-18

042203 Canals

107105-Floods

042250-Others/L.I.S

042204-T/Wells

042202-Dams

042205-T&F

Total (3to8)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Gomal Zam Irrigation

Division DIKhan

(DIKhan Irrigiation

Circle DIKhan)

21.45

0

-- -- -- -- -- 21.450

G.Total 21.45

EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, Gomal Zam Irrigation Division DIKhan

GENERAL ABSTRACT OF COST

Sl.No Name of work Desiltation Other closure works/Non

Closure Work

G.Total

1 AOM&R and special repair of any kind of work for Gomal Zam Irrigation Canal Network in District DIKhan & Tank during 2017-18.

9.60 11.85 21.450

Grand Total 21.450


LIST OF AOM&R WORKS IN RESPECT OF GOMAL ZAM IRRIGATION DIVISION DIKHAN DURING 2017-18.

Sl.No

Closure Work Rs

I. Desiltation 1 Predical clearance of U/S Approaches of Barrage at Kot Murtaza

(pre & after moon soon)

Rs.900000/-

1 Desiltation of main canal RD 00-25000 (m) in reaches Rs.300000/-

2 Desiltation of main canal RD 25000-60500 (m) in reaches Rs.500000/-

3 Desiltation of Disty Khan wand 00- tail in reaches Rs.300000/-

4 Desiltation of Disty Makali wah 00- tail in reaches Rs.250,000/-

5 Desiltation of Disty D1R1 00- tail in reaches Rs.300000/-

6 Desiltation of Disty No.1 00- tail in reaches Rs.250,000/-

7 Desiltation of Disty No.2 00- tail in reaches Rs.300000/-












Total Rs.9600000/- II. Other Closure Work

1 Repair to Damaged lining of Main Canal RD 00-25000 Rs.500000/-

2 Repair to Damaged lining of Main Canal RD 25000-60500 Rs.600000/-

3 Repair to Damaged lining Disty Makali Wah - Disty No.2 in reaches Rs.500000/-

4 Repair to Damaged lining Disty No.3 - Disty No.5 00- tail in reaches Rs.500000/-



7 Repair to Damaged Masonry Structure of Main Canal RD 00-25000 Rs.250,000/-

8 Repair to Damaged Masonry Structure of Main Canal RD 25000-60500 Rs.250,000/-

9 Repair to Damaged Outlets Disty Makali Wah to Disty No.2

00- tail in reaches

Rs.200000/-

10 Repair to Damaged Outlets Disty No.3 to Disty No.5 00- tail in reaches Rs.150,000/-

11 Repair to Damaged Outlets Disty No.6 to Disty No.8 00- tail in reaches Rs.300000/-

12 Repair to Damaged Outlets Disty No.9 to Disty No.13 00- tail in reaches Rs.300000/-

13 Repair to Electrical/Mechanical Equipment of Diversion Barrage at Kot

Murtaza i/c alternate energy system/Generator etc.

Rs.400000/-

14 Painting of gates of Head Regulator & under sluice i/c Railing and littering

Of gauges at Diversion barrage

Rs.150,000

Total Rs.,5250,000/-

III. Non Closure Work 1 Repair to Canal Petrol Road/Rain Cuts along Main Canal RD 00-25000 (m)

in reaches

Rs.400000/-

2 Repair to Canal Petrol Road/Rain Cuts along Main Canal

RD 25000-60500 (m) in reaches

Rs.500000/-

3 Repair to Canal Petrol Road/Rain Cuts along Disty Makali Wah to

Disty No.2 in reaches

Rs.450,000/-

4 Repair to Canal Petrol Road/Rain Cuts along Disty No.3 to

Disty No.5, in reaches

Rs.350,000/-



Rs.500000/-



Rs.600000/-

7 Restoration of occasional breaches in Main Canal

RD 00-25000 (M) in reaches

Rs.300000/-

8 Restoration of occasional breaches in Main Canal RD 25000-60500 (M) in

reaches

Rs.400000/-

9 Restoration of occasional breaches in Disty Makali Wah to Disty No.2, in

reaches

Rs.250,000/-

10 Restoration of occasional breaches in Disty No.3 to Disty No.5 in reaches Rs.300000/-

11 Restoration of occasional breaches in Disty No.6 to Disty No.8 in reaches Rs.450,000/-

12 Restoration of occasional breaches in Disty No.9 to Disty No.13 in reaches Rs.500000/-

13 Restoration of breach in Main Canal at RD.34+450 Rs.150000/-

14 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 4 at RD.8+500-8+520 &

RD.10+0-8+520

Rs.150000/-

15 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 5 at RD.6+00 and 10+100 Rs. 100000/-

16 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 7 at RD.03+045 – 03+057 Rs. 225000/-

17 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 9 at RD.05+245 – 05+251 L/S & R/S Rs. 125000/-

18 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 11 at RD.08+513 – 08+530 L/S & R/S Rs. 600000/-

19 Restoration of breach in Disty No. 12 at RD.01+140 R/S Rs. 100000/-

20 Repair/Renovation of Residential/non Residential(office + Barrage) Building. Rs. 150000/-

Total Rs.66,00000/-

G .Total (Closure & Non Closure Works) Say:-

Rs.21450000/- Rs.21.450 (M)

SUB DIVISIONAL OFFICER Gomal Zam Irrigation Sub Division No.I,

D.I.Khan

SUB DIVISIONAL OFFICER Gomal Zam Irrigation Sub Division No.II,

D.I.Khan




November 2017 HPK

Appendix G

Suggested Improvement at Barrage Location

atifm

Callout

Existing U/S (20 m) Floor EL 376.50

atifm

Callout

Suggested U/S Floor Extension (15 - 20 m) EL 376.50

atifm

Callout

Suggested Flexible Apron EL 375.80

atifm

Text Box

SUGGESTED ARRANGEMENT AT CANAL HEAD REGULATOR ENTRANCE

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