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Halliburton Cementing

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Well Cementing Gary Funkhouser and Lewis Norman
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Page 1: Halliburton Cementing

Well Cementing

Gary Funkhouser and Lewis Norman

Page 2: Halliburton Cementing

Why do we cement wells

Principle Functions of primary cementing

R t i t fl id t Water Zone• Restrict fluid movement between formations

• Bond and support the casing

Water Zone

Additional uses of cement• Protect the casing from

corrosion Gas Zonecorrosion• Prevent blowouts • Protect the casing from shock

loads in drilling operations

Gas Zone

loads in drilling operations • Sealing off loss circulation or

thief zonesOil Zone

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Oil well cementing highlights

1883 – Hardison/Stewart - Pico, CA

1903 – Steel casing cemented - Lompoc Field, CA

1910 – 2-plug cementing method – A A Perkins1910 2-plug cementing method A.A. Perkins

1919 – Erle P Halliburton – Burkburnett TX1919 – Erle P. Halliburton – Burkburnett, TX

1921 – Erle P. Halliburton patents Jet Mixer

1940 – Halliburton introduces bulk cement

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Cement Casing

Float Collar

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Float Shoe

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Circulating to condition mud

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Pumping Spacer Ahead

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Pumping Lead Cement & drop bottom plug

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Pumping Lead Cement

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Pumping Lead Cement

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Pumping Lead Cement

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Pumping Lead Cement

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Pumping Lead Cement

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Pumping Tail Cement

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Drop Top Plug & Start Displacing with Spacer

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Displacing

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Displacing

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Displacing

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Displacing

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Displacing

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Plug Down

Job complete

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 1920

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 1930

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 1940

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 1950

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 1978

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Cementing Equipment Evolution - 2000

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Cement Additives

Specific Materials forSpecific Materials forSpecific Materials forOptimum Cement Performance

Specific Materials forOptimum Cement Performance

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Retarders

Sodium and calcium lignosulfonatesOligosaccharidesOligosaccharides Tartaric acid

AMPS lAMPS copolymersAminotri(methylphosphonic acid)

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Fluid-Loss Control AdditivesPrevent leak-off of water into rockMaintain key characteristics cement slurries

(thickening time, rheology, and strength development)Avoid build-up of cement filter cakep

Cellulose derivativesSynthetic polymers Latex

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Weighting AgentsMaintain well control with increased hydrostatic pressure (up to 21 lb/gal, occasionally higher)

Hematite (Fe2O3)Hematite (Fe2O3) Up to 100 lb/sk

Hausmannite (Mn3O4)Hausmannite (Mn3O4) Up to 100 lb/sk

Ilmenite (iron-titanium oxide)( )Barite (BaSO4) Up to 135 lb/skp

Sand Often used in conjunction with other weighting agents

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j g g g

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Supplementary Cementing Materials in the Oilfield

Fly ash (50:50 fly ash:cement typical)Silica fume (15% bwoc typical 28% max)Silica fume (15% bwoc typical, 28% max) Low density slurry (>11 lb/gal) with little free water

Silica flour (35-40% bwoc typical, 70%+ max)( yp , ) Prevent strength retrogression >230 °F

Pumice (up to 150% bwoc)Cement kiln dustBlast furnace slag ZeoliteMetakaolin

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Lab TestingCompressive Strength Fluid LossCompressive Strength, Fluid Loss,

Thickening Time, Gel Strength Up to 600 °F and 40,000 psiUp to 600 F and 40,000 psi

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Conventional Cement

Cement is brittle

Radial cracks formed

Longitudinal communication occurredcommunication occurred

Cement bond failed creating a microannulus

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Foam Cement

N di l k No radial cracks

Only slight debonding Only slight debonding

Foamed cement deformed Foamed cement deformed and absorbed the expansive energy without failure due to its elasticfailure due to its elastic nature

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Historical facts regarding EOR well cementing

•More than 35 years of EOR experiences

•More than 15,000 CO2 EOR well in USA (9000 producing + 6000 injectors)p g j )

•Portland based formulations have been used in all the above wellsthe above wells

•Various 3rd party studies of CO2-EOR operation in th USA h t d t t d id f CO l kthe USA have not detected any evidence of CO2 leak in the drinking water

© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. Source article: Summary of CO2 EOR injection well Technology -API report 2008

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HALF “GREEN” CEMENTING UNIT

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Equipment

1919

First jobs

1921

Jet

1932

Marine

1947

Float/Guide

1957 1971

Recirculating Mi Automatic

1991

First jobs Jet Mixer DepartmentEquipment HT-

400™Pump

Mixer Automatic Density Control

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Large Scale Stress TestingConventional Cement

5 1/2” pipe cemented inside 7 5/8” casing5/8 casing

Inner pipe pressured in stagespressured in stages until cement failure was indicated atwas indicated at 4500 psi

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1930 1940

Cementing Equipment Evolution930 9 0

1978 2000

© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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