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HAMLET BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
TragedyA drama or literary work in which the main character is
brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.
A play, film, television program, or other narrative work that portrays or depicts calamitous events and has an unhappy but meaningful ending.
A disastrous event, especially one involving distressing loss or injury to life: an expedition that ended in tragedy, with all hands lost at sea.
A tragic aspect or element.
Vocabulary Tragedy Catharsis Soliloquy Tragic Hero
Characters Hamlet, Prince of
Denmark Prince Hamlet, the title
character, is the son of the late King, also named Hamlet. He is just back from Wittenberg, where he was a sometime student at the university.
Characters Claudius, King of
Denmark, Hamlet's uncle
Claudius is the current King of Denmark, Hamlet's uncle, who succeeded to the throne upon the death of his brother, the old King Hamlet. He also, in short order, married Gertrude, his brother's widow. He is revealed to be the killer of King Hamlet.
Characters Gertrude, Queen of
Denmark, Hamlet's mother
Gertrude is Hamlet's mother. Widowed by King Hamlet's death, she rather too quickly wedded Claudius. In Shakespeare's England marriage to the brother of one's deceased husband was considered incest by the Church.
Characters Ghost appearing to be
Hamlet's father, the former king
The ghost is, in form, the old King Hamlet, but may be an evil spirit. The old king has died recently, so his spirit, while suffering in Purgatory, could be walking at night, vexed and vengeful.
Characters Polonius, counselor to
the king Polonius is Claudius's
chief advisor and father to Ophelia and Laertes. He is old, and often humourously played as fatuous and long-winded.
Characters
Characters
Characters
Characters
Characters
Characters
Tragedy A serious drama in which a central character, the
protagonist — usually an important, heroic person — meets with disaster either through some personal fault or through unavoidable circumstances. In most cases, the protagonist's downfall conveys a sense of human dignity in the face of great conflict.
In modern times, it achieved excellence with William Shakespeare in such works as Hamlet, and Othello.
· Aristotle argued that the proper effect of tragedy is catharsis — the purging of the emotions.
· In common usage, disasters of many kinds are called tragedies.
Act 1 Quiz: Choose any 5 Who does the ghost look like? What request does Laertes make of
Claudius? What advice does Laertes give Ophelia
about Hamlet? What does the ghost want Hamlet to do
about Claudius? Why is Hamlet being rude to his uncle? What does the ghost want Hamlet to do
about Gertrude?
ACT 2, SCENE 2
ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN ARE HIRED BY CLAUDIUS TO SPY ON HAMLET
POLONIUS TELLS KING AND QUEEN THAT HAMLET IS CRAZY BECAUSE OF OPHELIA
BEFORE AND AFTERACT 2, SCENE 2
DISCUSS “SNITCHING” WOULD YOU SNITCH ON YOUR FRIEND? HAS ANYONE EVER SNITCHED ON YOU?
WHO’S GOING TO SNITCH ON HAMLET?
ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN POLONIUS AND OPHELIA
VOLTEMAND:
ASKS THE KING IF FORTINBRAS (NORWAY) MAY BE ALLOWED TO COME THROUGH DENMARK IN ORDER TO CONQUER POLAND
CLAUDIUS SAYS OK
POLONIUS, KING, AND QUEEN DISCUSS HAMLET:
HAMLET’S CRAZY BECAUSE HE LOVES OPHELIA
OPHELIA GAVE HAMLET’S LETTERS TO POLONIUS
THE PARENTS READ THE LOVE LETTERS POLONIUS SAYS HE TOLD OPHELIA TO STAY
AWAY POLONIUS SUGGESTS THAT THEY ALL SPY
ON THE KIDS
OPHELIA MAY BE PREGNANT?
“CONCEPTION IS A BLESSING” “YOUR DAUGHTER MAY CONCEIVE” “HOW PREGNANT SOMETIMES HIS
REPLIES ARE!”
HAMLET’ SUICIDAL THOUGHTS:
“I HAVE LOST ALL MY MIRTH” THE AIR LOOKS FOUL NOTHING IN THE WORLD IS
BEAUTIFUL
ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN’S SUGGESTIONS:
GET A GIRLFRIEND WATCH A PLAY
HAMLET’S “MOUSETRAP”
THE PLAN: GET THE ACTORS TO PLAY THE MURDER
ON STAGE WATCH CLAUDIUS AND GERTRUDE’S
REACTIONS, “Struck so to the soul, and presently confess”
“Catch the conscience of the King”
Act 2, Scene 2 · What does Polonius mean when he says, “Though this be madness, yet there is method
in ‘t”? What words of Hamlet’s would make him say this? · Hamlet makes some dirty jokes about Fortune with his friends. What does this say
about his character? · Explain the line, “there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so.” · Hamlet catches on right away to what his friends are up to. Cite a line that proves it. · Study Hamlet’s “soliloquy” about “What a piece of work is a man” very carefully. What
is he saying about mankind in general and about himself in particular? · How does Hamlet’s mood suddenly change when he hears that the players have
arrived at the castle?
· In what way does Hamlet make fun of Polonius when he comes to introduce the players?
· Shakespeare uses Polonius to make fun of the practice of classifying plays. How? · Look up Judges 2 in the Old Testament. Why is the reference to Jephthah significant? · Hamlet begs the chief player to recite a speech from a play. What is it about? · How does Polonius show himself to be a fool for his reaction to this speech?
Act 2, Scene 2 · Explain Hamlet’s line, “they [the players] are the abstract
and brief chronicle of the time. After your death you were better have a bad epitaph than their ill report while you live.”
· In his famous soliloquy at the end of this act, Hamlet says, “What’s Hecuba to him or he to Hecuba that he should weep for her?” What is he cursing here in himself?
· What is the chief failure that Hamlet condemns in himself? Cite two or three lines to support what you say.
· Explain Hamlet’s line, “The spirit that I have seen / May be the Devil, and the Devil hath power / To assume a pleasing shape.” What does he use this line to excuse?
· By the end of this soliloquy, Hamlet has hatched a plan to “catch the king.” What is it?
QUIZ ACT 2: ANSWER ANY 5
1· For what reason has the king sent for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? P. 53
2· What makes the king think that Hamlet will open up to them? P. 53
3· Polonius hatches a plan wherein he and Claudius can spy on Hamlet. How? P. 58
4· What is the double meaning of Hamlet calling Polonius a “fishmonger”? P. 59
5· What is the double meaning of “Conception is a blessing, but not as your daughter may conceive—friend, look to ‘t”? P. 59
6· By the end of this soliloquy, Hamlet has hatched a plan to “catch the king.” What is it? P. 72-73
SOLILOQUY
A CHARACTER SPEAKING HIS/HER THOUGHTS ALOUD ON STAGE (ALONE)
REVIEW HAMLET’S SOLILOQUIES: Translate as a class Soliloquy #1 PAGE 28
I WISH MY BODY WOULD MELT OR THAT GOD DIDN’T PUNISH US FOR SUICIDE EVERYTHING IN THE WORLD IS USELESS SCREW IT, FORGET THE WORLD, IT IS AN UNWEEDED GARDEN MY DAD DIED 2 MONTHS AGO AND HE LOVED MY MOM SO
MUCH THAT HE WAS BOTHERED BY THE WINDS TOUCHING HER FACE TOO HARD
MY MOM LOVED HIM SO MUCH, BUT WOMEN ARE WEAK SHE EVEN WORE THE SAME SHOES TO HIS FUNERAL THAT SHE
WORE TO THE WEDDING MOM SEEMED REALLY SAD, BUT SHE MARRIED MY UNCLE! INCEST BETWEEN MY UNCLE AND MOM! HE’S AFRAID OF STANDING TO HIS UNCLE AND MOTHER
REVIEW HAMLET’S SOLILOQUIES: Translate in pairs Soliloquy #2: PAGE 71
I FEEL LIKE HORRIBLE, BUT NEVER SHOW IT WEIRD, THAT ACTOR DOESN’T FEEL LIKE CRAP, BUT HE REALLY ACTS
THAT WAY MY MOM IS NOTHING LIKE HECUBA, WHO GRIEVED FOREVER WHEN
HER HUSBAND DIED GEE, IF THAT ACTOR FELT THE WAY I FEEL, HE’D REALLY MAKE THE
CROWD WATCH AND THEN I COULD SEE IF MY UNCLE IS GUILTY I DON’T KNOW WHAT TO DO! MY UNCLE IS TORTURING ME EVERYDAY I HAVE NO COURAGE; I DON’T KNOW WHAT TO DO I KNOW THAT MY UNCLE KILLED MY DAD, BUT I STILL HAVEN’T KILLED
HIM HMM, I HAVE AN IDEA: I’LL DO A PLAY AND WATCH HIS RESPONSE I HAVEN’T KILLED CLAUDIUS YET BECAUSE MY DAD’S GHOST MIGHT
NOT HAVE BEEN HIM; IT COULD HAVE BEEN AN EVIL SPIRIT
ACT 3, SCENE 1
ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN TELL ON HAMLET: HE’S ONLY ACTING CRAZY
QUEEN TELLS OPHELIA SHE’S GLAD HAMLET LOVES HER
HAMLET’S MOST FAMOUS SOLILOQUY
REVIEW HAMLET’S SOLILOQUIES
HAMLET’S SOLILOQUY #3
TRANSLATE FOR POINTS 40 MINUTES TAKE NOTES ON BACK SIDE FOR USE
ON QUIZZES ASK QUESTIONS TODAY TO PREPARE
YOU FOR TOMORROW
REVIEW SOLILOQUY QUIZ QUESTIONS FOR SCENES 1 AND
2 READ/WATCH SCENES 3,4 QUIZ QUESTIONS FOR SCENES 3,4 UP TO PAGE
LEE’S TRANSLATION SHOULD I KILL MYSELF OR NOT? ISN’T IT BRAVE TO STAY ALIVE THROUGH ALL THESE
TROUBLES? WHEN YOU DIE IS IT LIKE SLEEPING AND DREAMING? NO ONE KNOWS WHAT HAPPENS AFTER DEATH, THAT’S
WHY SUICIDE IS RARE TIME HURTS US, BROKEN HEARTS, ETC. BUT WE ACCEPT IT
NOT BRAVELY, BUT BECAUSE IT’S BETTER THAN THE UNKNOWN
IF YOU KNEW YOU’D GO TO HEAVEN, WHY WOULDN’T YOU DIE NOW?
THE FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN MAKES EVERYONE A COWARD I DON’T KNOW WHAT TO DO
SKIP PGS. 77-79 (MOVIE)
REMEMBER IN THE MOVIE WHEN HAMLET GRABBED OPHELIA AND SCREAMED AT HER?
The spies…
POLONIUS AND CLAUDIUS SPY ON HAMLET AND OPHELIA
CLAUDIUS DOES NOT AGREE THAT HAMLET LOVES HER
ACT 3, SCENE 2
PAGES 80-93 = THE MOUSETRAP PLAY
POLONIUS ENDS THE SCENE BY TELLING HAMLET TO VISIT HIS MOTHER
ACT 3, SCENE 3
CLAUDIUS GIVES ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN A LETTER TO TAKE TO ENGLAND
THEY ARE TO TAKE HAMLET WITH THEM
CLAUDIUS’ SOLILOQUY ADMITS HIS GUILT
HAMLET STILL HAS NOT ACTED
CLAUDIUS SOLILOQUY P. 96
NOT ENOUGH RAIN IN HEAVEN TO WASH THE BLOOD FROM HIS HANDS
IT DOESN’T MATTER THAT HE’S A RICH KING, GOD SAW IT ALL
HE PRAYS
AGAIN, HAMLET QUESTIONS HIMSELF
PAGE 97: TO KILL OR NOT TO KILL WHY WON’T HE KILL CLAUDIUS? WHAT HAPPENED TO HIS DAD AFTER
DEATH? WHY?
ACT 3, SCENE 4
QUEEN MEETS WITH HER SON HE SCREAMS AT HER AND MAKES HER
FEEL BAD POLONIUS IS KILLED
P. 100
SHE LIED IN HER MARRIAGE VOWS HAMLET MAKES HER COMPARE THEIR
PICTURES HIS FATHER WAS MUCH MORE
HANDSOME THAN CLAUDIUS
P. 101
HAMLET CALLS HIS MOTHER A WHORE
P. 102
KING HAMLET’S GHOST ENTERS REMEMBER WHAT HE MADE HAMLET
PROMISE?
QUEEN GERTRUDE CAN’T SEE THE GHOSTIS HE REALLY THERE?
P. 104
HAMLET BEGS HER NOT TO SLEEP WITH CLAUDIUS ANYMORE
GERTRUDE: WHAT SHALL I DO? SHE SEEMS AS INDECISIVE AS HER SON
P. 105
HAMLET IS “MAD IN CRAFT” – DOING IT ON PURPOSE
HIS MOM PROMISES NOT TO TELL HAMLET LEAVES, DRAGGING THE
BODY OF POLONIUS BEHIND HIM
ACT 3 QUIZ : CHOOSE ANY 5 (AND ONLY THE 1ST 5 ARE GRADED) 1. WHEN HAMLET SAYS, “TO BE OR NOT TO BE,” TO
WHAT IS HE REFERRING? 2. WHAT KEEPS PEOPLE FROM COMMITTING SUICIDE,
ACCORDING TO HAMLET? 3. WHAT IS THE “UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY”? 4. WHY DOES CLAUDIUS JUMP UP AND CALL FOR THE
LIGHT? 5. HAMLET COMES UP BEHIND CLAUDIUS AND
ALMOST KILLS HIM. WHAT STOPS HIM? 6. WHEN HAMLET STABS THROUGH THE CURTAIN,
WHAT DOES HE THINK HE’S DOING? 7. WHY DOES THE GHOST APPEAR AGAIN?
ACT 4, SCENE 1
GERTRUDE TELLS CLAUDIUS HAMLET IS CRAZY
THEY CAN’T GET HAMLET TO SAY WHERE HE PUT POLONUIS’ BODY
ACT 4, SCENE 2
ROSENCRANTZ AND GUILDENSTERN ASK WHERE HAMLET HID THE BODY
HE WON’T TELL THEM
ACT 4, SCENE 3
HAMLET WON’T TELL CLAUDIUS HAMLET IS SENT TO ENGLAND WITH
THE LETTERS THE LETTERS SAY THAT HAMLET IS TO
BE EXECUTED
P. 110: HAMLET CHEWS CLAUDIUS
HOW A KING BECOMES A BEGGAR’S POOP
OPHELIA’S DEATH?
SAID TO BE ACCIDENTAL, BUT IT WAS NOT
HER CLOTHES DRAGGED HER DOWN, SUPPOSEDLY
ACT 5
HAMLET RETURNS CONVERSES WITH THE GRAVEDIGGER HAMLET IS VERY INTERESTED IN
DEATH HE TALKS TO YORIC’S SKULL
SOLILOQUY TO YORIC
TELLS SKULL TO TALK TO HIS MOTHER AND CHEER HER UP
YORIC WAS THE CASTLE’S JESTER (A CLOWN)
OPHELIA’S FUNERAL
HAMLET DID NOT KNOW SHE DIED GERTRUDE SAYS SHE WANTED TO
USE FLOWERS AT OPHELIA/HAMLET’S WEDDING, NOT HER FUNERAL
LAERTES FIGHTS HAMLET IN OPHELIA’S GRAVE
HAMLET SAYS HE LOVED HER
LAERTES/CLAUDIUS PLAN
CAN’T KILL HAMLET BECAUSE GERTRUDE LOVES HIM TOO MUCH
THE PUBLIC LOVES HIM TOO MUCH WHAT WOULD YOU DO TO AVENGE
YOUR FATHER? “REVENGE SHOULD HAVE NO BOUNDS”
ACT 4, 4
WEDNESDAY
QUIZ WATCH ACT 4 QUIZ REVIEW
THURSDAY
SHIELD QUIZ ACT 4
FRIDAY
READ/WATCH ACT 5 TEST ON MONDAY
The Final Scene:
Get Hamlet to sword fight ( a play fight; not for real)
Poison the tip of Laertes’ sword Claudius poisons the wine Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine Hamlet is scraped with sword Hamlet kills Laertes Laertes tells on Claudius Hamlet kills Claudius (stabs him and gives
him poison wine) Hamlet dies