Hand Out B.ing Umum Jambudipa

8/12/2019 Hand Out B.ing Umum Jambudipa

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Bahasa Inggris 1

Hand OutBahasa Inggris Umum

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu PolitikFakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Universitas Al-GhifariUniversitas Al-Ghifari


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

1. ENGLISH SS!E" #F S#UN$

English as a system of language has its system of sound.

This system of sound divided into two, namely vowel and consonant.

There are 12 cardinal vowels in English, they are:

1 i: tea 7 : art2 I sit 8 u

! e en " u: # food

$ % sad1

& foot

' !: # (ird1

1 : # war

) * ago1

2 #not

There are 2$ consonants in English, namely

1. ig 7. f fine 1!. t# chair 1". + # sing2. ( (oo 8. v very 1$. d -ail 2&. h # how

!. t tea ". s sea 1'. # thin 21. l lie$. d day 1&. oo 1). / this 22. r right

'. ey 11. # she 17. m man 2!. w weir ). g go 12. aure 18. n now 2$. - # you

Ho% to Pronoun&e 'ell

E(er&ises

)

In English, we have to differ (etween 0f0 and 00 (ecause

these differences sound determine new meanings. oo at

these words:

aint 0 03ain 0 0


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

1. in 0 0444. 1. fin 0 0444.

Tas:

1. eel 0 0444. 1. feel 0 0444.

2. ail 0 0444. 2. fail 0 0444.

!. ine 0 0444. !. fine 0 0444.

$. sni 0 0444. $. sniff 0 0444.

'. har 0 0444. '. half 0 0444.

). ie 0 0444. ). five 0 0444.

7. ut 0 0444. 7. foot 0 0444.

8. ool 0 0444. 8. fool 0 0444.

". ound 0 0444. ". found 0 0444.

1&. it 0 0444. 1&. eat 0 0444.

11. hit 0 0444. 11. sheet0 0444.

12. shi 0 0444. 12. shee0 0444.

1!. (ean 0 0444. 1!. (in 0 0444.

*


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2. 56I 9ITI;

1. Noun

). +er,

*. Ade&tive

. Adver,

'. 3ronoun

). 3reosition7. on-unction

8. Inter-ection

Noun

It is no easy to descri(e a noun. In simle terms, nouns are

?things@ lie food, hainess, human (eing, and a simle

definition noun is a erson, lace or thing. Aere some

eBamles:

3erson : man, woman, teacher, -ohn, Cary, etc.

3lace : home, office, town, countryside,


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

There are certain word endings that show that a word is a noun,

for eBamle: #ity G nationality

#ment G aointment

# ness G hainess

# ation G relation

# hood G childhood

+er,

Her( are sometimes descri(es as ?action words@. This is

artly true. Cany ver(s give the idea of action, of ?doing@

something. or eBamle, words lie run, fight, do, and workall

conveys action. ut some ver(s do not give the idea of action:

they give the idea of eBistence, of state, of ?(eing@ for

eBamle, ver(s lie be, exist, seem, and belong all conveys

states< ver( always has a su(-ect. In the sentence ?John

seas English@,John is the su(-ect and seas is the ver(sF In

simle terms, therefore, we can say that ver(s are words that

tell us what a su(-ect does or is0 they descri(e:


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Me can often use two or more ad-ectives together a ,eautiful3oun/

Fren&hladyF.

Fun&tion

Ade&tives tell us more a,out a noun.

!he3 &an4

9escri(e feelin/s or 5ualities: They arehonesteole

ive nationalit3 or ori/in: 3ierre is FrenchTell more a(out a thingNs &hara&teristi&s: < woodenta(le. The

nife is sharp.

Tell us a(out a/e: AeNs ayoungman, Cy coat is veryold

Tell us a(out si6e and measurement: John is a tall man.This is a very longfilm.

Tell us a(out &olor: 3aul wore a red shirt. The sunset wascrimsonandgold.

Tell us a(out material7%hat somethin/ is made of: 6hewore a cottondress

Tell us a(out sha8e:


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

EBamles: Time goes quickly.

Ae waled slowlyto the door.

6he certainlyhad an interesting life.

Ae carefullyiced u the sleeing child.

,. Fun&tion


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

. !HE "AIN $IFFE;ENE #F ENGLISH AN$

IN$#NESIAN S!;U!U;E

Every language has its uniLue. Every language has its (othof difficult side and easy side. English is inflectional language,

namely the ver( changes (ased on the time. y doing so, the study of

the ver( in English (ecomes the main toic in a name called

grammar. In a simle way, English (asic sentence attern is divided

into two namely ver(al sentence and nominal sentence.

a. Her(al sentence is a sentence consist of ver( as the redicate

this attern is same with Indonesia attern.

EBamle:En/lish Indonesian

Su,e&t Predi&ate #,e&t Su,ek Predikat #,ek

I read a (oo H 6aya mem(aca uu

6he drins srite H 9ia minum 6rite

Me study Englsih H Qami (ela-ar hs.Inggris

(. ominal sentence is a sentence consists of non#ver( as theredicate. 5sually the non#ver( is noun, ad-ective and adver(F.

This attern is Luiet different from Indonesian attern.

REBamle:

Su,e&t !o ,e Predi&ate Su,ek - Predikat

I am a student n 6aya # Cahasiswa

6he is angry ad-. 9ia # Carah

Me are here adv. Qami # di sini


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

Pluralit3

The correct use of lural and ossessive forms may seemlie a minor issue.


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

(ecomes women, fungus (ecomes fungi, thief (ecomes thieves,

medium (ecomes media, and erson (ecomes eole.

Tas:Cae 1& simle sentences into English and Indonesian 3atternP

2. ENGLISH P;#N#UN

3ronoun is used in lace of a noun. It refers to a noun. Thenoun, it refers to, is called the antecedent.

EBamle:

o I read a book. It was good. The ronoun ?it@ refers

to the antecedent noun ?(oo@F.

3ossessive ad-ective is followed immediately (y a noun>

they do not stand alone.EBamle:

o Cy (oo is here your (oos are over there.

3ossessive ronouns are not followed immediately (y anoun> they stand alone.

EBamle:

o That (oo is mine

Aere is the ronoun:

No Su,e&t #,e&tPossessive

Ade&tivePossessive

1. I Ce Cy Cine

2. Me 5s ;ur ;urs

!. Oou Oou Oour Oours

$. They Them Their Theirs

'. Ae Aim Ais Ais

1?


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

). 6he Aer Aer Aers

7. It It Its Its

Tas

Cae 1& sentences using the words in the diagramP

9. IN!;#$UING SELF4

'here I am From and 'hat I am

Introdu&tions

Self-Introdu&tions

@BAi. Cy name is Eddie

Ai. INm iant. MhatNs your nameS

Aello. Cy name is 3aul, 3aul oodwin.INd lie to introduce myself. INm o( 3eterman.

Cay I introduce myselfS Cy name is =alh Minston.

'here I am From

@B I come rom andung

Im rom Mest Java

I live In andung

I live on Jalan 3amear Timur 17 o 8 andung

'hat I am

@B Im a nurse

Im a lecturer

Im a 3ilot

@Bice to meet you

3leased to meet you

INm glad to meet you

11


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

Aow do you do first greetingF

Cy name is ic arterINm land ran

1. Greetin/s


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

Tae it easy

Tae care of selfood(ye

Oou, too

ood(ye

5seful EBression:

# Mhats your nameS Cy names 4.

Im 4..# Ho% do 3ou s8ell 3our nameC A-D--$

# Aow do you doS Aow do you doS

# Mhere do you liveS I live in 44 I live at 4..

# Mhere do you come fromS I come from 4..

# Mhen0Mhere were you (ornS I was (orn on

monthF the

dateF in yearF in laceF

Have 3ou /ot an3 ,rothers es= .. ,rother@sB andor sistersC sister@sB

# Mhat is your -o(S I am a0an

4444.

# 'hat do 3ou doC I am a7an

# Ho% do 3ou /et hereC I &ome here ,3

,us7&ar7

or on foot

# 'hats 3our 8hone num,erC Its 1)* 29: ?

!ask4

1. 3ractice in airs and introduce each other.

2. 3ractice in a gou of three to intruduce one of your

friend to the other.

1*


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

:. FA"IL AN$ ;ELA!I+E

ind out, how to call names of family mem(ersP

1. Qae : 444444444444.

2. ene : 444444444444.

!.


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

2&. Cenantu eremuan : 444444444444.

amily Cem(ers 9iagram

ote:

f femaleF : eremuan

m maleF : lai#lai

EBamle:

Uuestion : Mho is 9ianS


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>. " H#USE

Bahasa Inggris Umum

Tas

ind out several items that you see in the several rooms (ellow

using your dictionaryFP

Dedroom

1.

2.

!.

$.'.

).

7.

8.

".

1&.

Dathroom1.

2.

!.

$.

'.

).

7.

8.

amar !idur

11.

12.

1!.

1$.1'.

1).

17.

18.

1".

2&.

amar "andi11.

12.

1!.

1$.

1'.

1).

17.

18.

19


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

".

1&.Livin/ room

1.

2.

!.

$.

'.

).7.

8.

".

1&.

ommon room

1.

2.

!.$.

'.

).

7.

8.

".

1&.

it&hen

!.

$.

'.

).

7.

8.

".

1".

2&.;uan/ eluar/a

1!.

1$.

1'.

1).

17.

18.1".

2&.

21.

22.

;uan/ !amu

1.

2.

!.$.

'.

).

7.

8.

".

1&.

$a8ur

1.

2.

!.

$.

'.

).

7.

1:


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1?. #UN!ADLE AN$ UN#UN!ADLE N#UN

Bahasa Inggris Umum

1&.

11.12.

8.

".1&.

English nouns are divided into two grous:

1. ounta(le nouns

ounta(le nouns are seen (y seaer in units:

a. a glass of water

(. a cu of tea

c. a soonful of sugard. a slice of (read

They have singular and lural form.

They tae singular and lural ver(

a. That (oy is rench

(. Those (oys are rench

They can have a0an and num(ers in front of them

a. an ale(. four ales

c. a good idea

d. three good idea

2. 5ncounta(le nouns

ounta(le nouns are notseen (y seaer in units:

a. water

(. tea

1


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

c. sugar

d. moneyThey only have one form

They always tae a singular ver(

a. Cusic hels me to relaB

(. 3eole need water

c. 6ugar is sweet

They never have a0an or a num(er directly in front

Meatherurniture

Information

eather


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11. $ES;IDING #DE! AN$

$EG;EE

Bahasa Inggris Umum

omarative and 6uerlative

omarative: (e V 44er V than

om8arative than


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

=ai is the tallest in the class.

MhereNs the nearest toilet, leaseSAow much is the &hea8est flight to


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

around

during

off

uon

as eBcet

on with

at eBceting

outside

within

(efore

eBcluding

over

without

(ehind

following

since

(elow

for than

Tas:

"ake 1? sim8le senten&es usin/ 8re8osition a,oveJ

1*. PLAING 'I!H !ENSE

Taling a(out tense is taling a(out ver( in relation to

adver( of time. 6o, in a simle way, when we study tense we arestudying a(out ver(. Her( is the main art of a sentence. It is the

central discussion of the tense. There is a new way to learn ?tenses@

easily. This ways is not an orthodoB way. It is an innovation to learn

how to learn.

Aere are some ways how to study tense:

1. Tense is divided into two, namely resent and

ast.

))


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

2. every sentence with a ver( in resent form is

called resent tense>!. every sentence with a ver( in ast form is called

ast tense>

$. every sentence that consists of modal will is

called future>

'. every sentence that consists of (e V H#ing is

called continuous>

). every sentence that consists of have V H ! is

called erfect

Aaving learnt these formulations, it is (elieved that the

learners will now the structure of all tenses. It only needs eBercise

more and more to aly those formulations. esides, it also needs the

comrehension the logic of those tenses.

a. Sim8le 8resent tense

3attern:

S +-I #

The simle resent tense erforms the following functions:

1. EBresses general truth.It means that we are

not thining only a(out the resent (ut also we use it to say that

something haens all the time or reeatedly.

EB: The earth revolvesaround the sun.

The sun risesin the east.

ote: =emem(er that we say he7she7it= dont forget the s7es.

EB: I %orkin a (an. anny %orksin a sho.

2. EBresses customs and ha(itual action.

EB: 6he /etsu at ' ocloc everyday.

They usuall3 /oto Ciami in the winter.

!. Me use do7doesto mae Luestions negative

sentences.

)*


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

do I0we0you0they worS

$oes he0she0it worS

I0we0you0they dont wor

Ae0she0it doesnt wor$. Mhen used with the ver( do, shows emhasis.

Ae doesloo lie his father

Me do not sea Italian, (ut we dosea English.

,. Present ontinuous

3attern:

S to ,e @am= is= areB +er,-in/ #

1. The resent continuous tense eBresses an

activity or state in rogress at the moment of seaing.

EB: # They are 8la3in/in the yard.

# 6he is %ritin/a letter.

2. The resent continuous tense eBresses a

temorary situation.

EB: # I am %aitin/for my friend now.# Me are lookin/for a -o(.

!. The resent continuous tense eBresses

future time when used with a future adver(ial.

EB: # I am /oin/to the movies tonight.

# Ae is &omin/ tomorrow.

Aere is a list of ver(s which are not normally used in resent

continuous there are eBcetionsF:# Mant # ie # elong # Qnow # 3urose

# =emem(er # eed # ove # 6ee # =ealie,

&. Present Perfe&t

3attern:

S have7has +er,-III @8ast 8arti&i8leB #

)


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

21. The resent erfect tense is constructions made u of

the auBiliary have/hasV the ast articile form of the mainver(. It is used to indicate as action that too lace at an

indefinite time or over eriod of time in the ast, (ut still has

relevance in the resent.

EB: # I have lostmy ey G I havent got nowF.

# Ae has for/ottenmy name Ghe cant remem(er it nowF

22. The resent erfect tense is often used with the word

justto show that an action was comleted in the recent ast.

EB: # They have ust arrived. # Me have ust finisheddinner.

2!. The resent erfect tense is also used to show that an

action (egan in the ast and has continued u to the resent, and

it is often used to eBress a certain adver(ial time.

EB: # 6he has studiedEnglish for three years.G 6he started her

study three years ago, she continued it, and she is still

woring on it.F

# I have livedin anada since 1")& GI still live there.F

2$. The resent erfect tense is used to say that you have

never done something or that you havent done something during

a eriod of time which is continues u to the resent.

EB: # I have never smoked.

# John hasnt %rittento me for nearl3 a month.

d. Present Perfe&t ontinuous

3attern:

S have7has ,een +er,-in/ #

)2


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

3resent erfect continuous tense is a construction made u ofhave0has V (een V the#ing resent articileF form of the main ver(.

1. The 3resent erfect continuous is used to tal a(out an action

Luite a long actionF which (egan in the ast and has recently

stoed or -ust stoed.

EB: #


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

e. Sim8le Past !ense

3attern:

S +er,-II #

21. The ast tense is used to tal a(out actions or

situations in the ast, and in regular ver(s is formed (y adding

ed.

EB: # The olice sto88edme on my way home last night.

# 6he visitedme yesterday.22. The ast of the ver( (e am0is0areF is was0were:

I0he0she0it %as we0you0they %ere

I %asangry (ecause Tom and


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

The ast continuous tense may (e used in the following

ways:1. To indicate that an action was in rogress at a

definite time in the ast

EB: # Mhat %ere 3ou doin/at 1&:&& last nightS

# I %as stud3in/.

2. To indicate the rogressive nature of an action that

was haening at the same time as another event in the ast, or

com(ine (etween the simle ast and ast continuous.

EB: # Mhen the telehone rang, I %as takin/a shower.# Mhile I %as %orkin/in the garden, I hurt my (ac.

!. To indicate that two continuous activities were going

on at the same time.

EB: # I %as stud3in/while he %as readin/.

# They %ere %at&hin/ television while my sister %as

doin/homewor

$. To indicate that an activity was going on (etween

two oints of time in the ast.EB:# etween June of 1")' and 9ecem(er of 1")), he %as

%ritin/a novel.

/. Past Perfe&t !ense

3attern:

S had +er,-III #

The ast erfect tense is a construction made of had + ast

articile form of the main ver(. The ast erfect tense is used in

connected discourse in con-unction with the past tense and shows

that an activity was comleted at or (efore some definite time in the

ast or we use the ast erfect to say something had already

haened (efore this time.

EBamle:

)


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

Mhen I arrived at the arty, Tom had alread3 /one

home.

The lecture did not (egin until everyonehad arrived.

The ast erfect also relaces the resent erfect orsimle ast tense when a direct Luotation is changed into

reorted seech.

The lecturer said, ?I have studied the ro(lem for years.

The lecturer said that he had studied the ro(lem foryears.

h. Past Perfe&t ontinuous

3attern:

S had ,een +er,-in/ #

The ast erfect continuous is a construction made u of hadV (een V the#ing resent articileF form of the main ver(. It

emhasies the rogressive nature of the action of the main ver( or

the duration of the action throughout a eriod time, or we use it to

say how long something had (een haening (efore something else

haened.

EBamle:

The foot(all match had to (e stoed. They had ,een8la3in/for half an hour when there was a terri(le storm.

I was very tired when I arrived home. I had ,een %orkin/hard all day.

The ast erfect continuous also relaces the resent erfect

continuous when a direct Luotation is reorted as indirect seech.

EBamle:

Ae said, ?I have (een reading for two hours.

Ae said that he had ,een readin/for two hours.

)>


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

e use the simple past to talk about events which we see ascompleted in the past

I0Oou0Me0They 'orked7%ent7s8oke7studied

yesterday0last night etc.

Ae06he0It

I0Oou0Me0They did not @didntB 'ork7/o

Ae06he0It 7s8eak7stud3yesterday0last night

etc.

9id I0Oou0Me0They0Ae06he0It %ork7/o7s8eak7stud3 S

Tas:

Write the past (Simple !ontinuous Perfect Perfect!ontinuous" form of the following #erbs

11. (e WWWWW 11. worWWWWW

12. see WWWWW 12. sto WWWWW

1!. go WWWWW 1!. wantWWWWW

1$. tell WWWWW 1$. watch WWWWW

1'. tae WWWWW 1'. tal WWWWW

1). say WWWWW 1). aintWWWWW

17. Mrite WWWWW 17. callWWWWW

18. 6ea WWWWW 18. oenWWWWW

1". have WWWW 1". waitWWWWW

2&. (ring WWWWW 2&. droWWWWW

i. Sim8le 8resent future

*?


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

3attern:

S %ill +er,-I #

The future tense shows that an action or state will occur in

the future. 9efinite time eBressions are sometimes, (ut not always,

used with the tense.

EB: # I %ill tele8honeyou neBt 6unday.

# They %ill moveto


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

3attern:

S %ill have +er,-III #

The future erfect tense is a construction made u of willV

haveV the ast articile form of main ver(. It is usually used with

a time eBression (eginning with by.

EB: # D3the end of the neBt month he %ill have ,eenhere for ten

years.

# Ae %ill have sta3edat home ,3this time tomorrow

The future erfect shows an action will tae lace (e

comleted (efore another action or time in the future or it is used for

an action which future time will (e in the ast, or will -ust have

finished.

l. Future Perfe&t ontinuous !ense

3attern:

S %ill have ,een +er,-in/ #

The future erfect continuous is lie the other continuous

tenses, is used to emhasie the rogressive nature of a certain

activity. It is a construction made u of willV have beenV the#ing

resent articileF form of the main ver(.The continuous form is used in the same way as the simle

future erfect tense and it is used with the same adver(ials. It shows

that an action will tae lace or will have (een comleted (efore

another action or (y a certain time. ie the future erfect, it is used

with a time eBression (eginning with by.

EBamle:

Me %ill have ,eenattendin/English classes for four years,3the time the eBamination is given again.

*)


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

y the end of this year he%ill have ,een a&tin/for thirty

years.

m. Sim8le Past Future

3attern:

S %ould +er, 1 #

The simle ast future is used to eBress the desire in the

ast.


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

o. Past Future Perfe&t

3attern:

S %ould have +er, * #

The ast future erfect is used to eBress the activity should

(e done in the ast.


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Bahasa Inggris Umum

Tas:

Write the Future and Past Future (Simple !ontinuous

Perfect Perfect !ontinuous" form of the following #erbs

1. (e WWWWW 11. worWWWWW 2. see WWWWW 12. sto WWWWW

!. go WWWWW 1!. wantWWWWW

$. tell WWWWW 1$. watch WWWWW

'. tae WWWWW 1'. tal WWWWW

). say WWWWW 1). aintWWWWW

7. Mrite WWWWW 17. callWWWWW

8. 6ea WWWWW 18. oenWWWWW ". have WWWW 1". waitWWWWW

1&. (ring WWWWW 2&. droWWWWW

*2

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