Hand2hand Fighting

8/6/2019 Hand2hand Fighting

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'T~.. . s 0)-"::::;;'''::;''-THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

h-:E\V YORK' BOSTON . CHICAGO' DALLASATLANTA' SAN FRANClSCO

MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITRDLONDON' BOMBAY CALCUTTA

MELBOURNETHE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD.

TORONTO

~.- r:;_'Frr .; : r!'~1V!"F'J}lt. t.reirtA1n__,",wi\ UfHI,'!,,: '-


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COPYRIGHT, 1018,By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Set up and electrotyped. Published January, '9,8.

Ncrinontr l f lusSJ. S. Cushing Co:-Berwick & Smith Co.

NorwoodvMass., U.S.A.

FOREWORD-:x- en article 'Bayonet Fighting and Physical

- ~g,1 in the August, 1917, number of theJournal, Major Percy Hobbs of the

;rljaD Force writes that "after a bayonet~-:::...::.:..,_,_,nnine cases out of ten (trench or open),- .. ~e!! grapple... .. The man who has never~ ~ere before, so to speak, doesn't knowwhat

"0. He has been shown and practiced inzning .arIDS and jabbing and dropping his

poll and disarming the other' fellow,and a- -:eounters and trips and tricks. Well, your~~!!e trained men tie themselves up in a knot

" ! ' O R about on grass and forget everything."~ o r.


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6 FOREWORD FOREWORD 7and skill of the individual are playing an increas-ingly large part in the determination of the finaloutcome.That events have taken this turn, is perhaps

the fortunate thing from the viewpoint of theAmerican soldier. Of all the peoples of the earththe average American is undoubtedly the mostexperienced and the most apt in hand-to-handfighting. This is partly the result of his activityin certain sports. Boxing, though frowned uponprofessionally in the majority of our communities,is after all distinctly an American sport. I isbut the natural expression of the native Amer-ican's instinct of fighting with his fists.This form of combat has given the inhabitantsof the United States a marked advantage in thequick and expert use of the hands. Baseball,the most national of our games, has been es-pecially instrumental in training the Americaneye and producing suppleness of body. Foot-ball has ingrained into our youth a certain game-ness and a stick-to-itiveness and has cultivatedgrit. All are qualities essential to hand-to-handencounter.During the third year of the war, when hand-

to-hand combats became the rule rather than

English officers stated that the- ~ a. ;:: at a distinct disadvantage in such a~ he ha seldom been a patron of the

.-::.._:- sports, the average German in a combat--=:.-y in the use of his hands. Not being- cmed to baseball, or other games of like

he finds it hard to stand up against a= = : - - m g ~ his direction. As a result, almost

::ime an Englishman hurIed his helmet at-illr enemy was so upset that before he could- = - = - - ~ equilibrium he was pierced with the~_ On other occasions, reports have comeEnalish officers that their men had found

- .:.::,pIication of a few jiu-jitsu tricks in grap-_ -;:...be of great service in vanquishing- ofpponents.

--~-ring the facts embodied in these reportssnggestion, this volume presents a series of

- _ ;; .:; IS and holds for the use of the soldierzed inhand-to-hand encounter. The object- - - - = ~ method is two-fold: to disable or destroyopponent ; and to defend oneself._ ~ = - of the holds and attacks of the system- . !' ;: pni l ia f to the followers of the Grreco-Roman,

---2-a._o;,...catch-cannd jiu-jitsu wrestling. Theset: been combined and adapted to the need in


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8 FOREWORDhand. In applying them, however; one mustnot confuse them with like holds in wrestling.The soldier must remember that the latter is asport whose climax is the placing of a wrestler'sshoulders to the mat, while the subject matter ofthis volume constitutes a deadly system whoseclimax is nothing less than the destruction orcrippling of the opponent. Itshould be furtheremphasized that many of the acts barred inclean wrestling are essential parts of the system,and indeed are .the most effective means of doingaway with an opponent. For instance, the goug-ing out of a man's eyes or kicking him in thegroin would be unheard of in the wrestling game.In this system these are the acts toward whichall other things lead. They form the apex, andresult, if-properly applied, iri the destruction ofthe enemy. To this end every hold and com-bination' of holds-has as its object the bringingof the opponent into such a position as to enablethe aggressor to attack the eyes or the groin.So painful and SD wracking to the nervous systemare injuries at these points that the enemy be-comes helpless for it sufficient period of time toenable the attacker to destroy him or force hissurrender.

FOREWORD 9This system of destruction and self-defense is

::- fraught with dire consequence to the enemy~t in a man-to-man encounter, where it is the--e of one man against the life of the other, the- Idler having mastery of it is bound to have an--.-erwhelming advantage. This must be the casespecially against an enemy notoriously ineffectivem hand-to-hand fighting. The drilling in thevarious holds and attacks described and illus-~ted in this manual, therefore, will result notcnly ill development of the soldier's physicalrrributes and his natural powers of destruction,~ T will also instill in him a greater confidence

snd self-reliance in bayonet attack and close-upencounter.The practicability of this system has already

been proven by its adoption by a number ofCompanies of the 30th Army Division at CampSevier, South Carolina. Ithas developed latentssibilities in the soldiers, and has won theraise of all the officers who have had occasion-

-0 observe its effects on the men and to test itsefficiency on the drill ground.In this connection the author of this volume

expresses his appreciation to Col. T. K. McCully,11 th Inf., Major G. H. Mahon, 118th Inf., Capt.


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10 FOREWORDw . D. Workman, Co. A, 118th Inf., Capt. Murrah,12th .Co. 55th Depot Brigade, and Capt. F. Hin-ton, 11th Co. 55th Depot Brigade, as well as otherofficers, for their helpful suggestions and invaluableassistance in testing the efficacy of this system,

BENJAMIN S . GROSS,Welfare Department,Camp Sevier, S. C.

HXND-TO - I - IAND FIGHTINGPERSONAL DEFENSE

o: jed:To use to the fullest extent the physical attri-butes of every soldier.

To demonstrate to the soldier his powers ofdefense and destruction.

To instill confidence and self-reliance in attack-ing the enemy in bayonet and hand-to-handencounter.

To destroy or disable an opponent. To defendoneself in hand-to-hand encounter with theenemy.

DEFINITIONS.~nti.on: The position the unarmed soldierassumes upon .the command of attention givenby the officer.

11


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12 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING PERSONAL DEFENSE 13Attack: The command of execution.Distance: The distance between the front andrear rank, from the back of the men in thefront rank to the chest of the men in the rearrank.Defense: The rank or individual on whom theholds are being applied.Fistic Attack: The section in which the fists areused similar to boxing; the attack being madefrom the front.Foot Work: The use of the foot upon the fallenenemy. .Frontal Attack: The section in which all holdsare applied with the individuals or ranks facingeach other.

Interval: The distance between men measuredfrom elbow to elbow in rank.Offense: The rank or individual executing thehold.On Guard: The command to bring the Companyto the starting position in fistic attack.Rear Attack: The section in which all holds areapplied from the rear.Reverse: Reverse the rank of attack to the rankof defense.Recover: Return to starting position.

CHIEF POINTS OF ATTACK1. EYES2. GROIN

3. NECK4. 9TH RIB

1. Eyes: Never miss an opportunity to dehstr10dythe eyes of the enemy. In all head 0 suse the fingers on the eyes. They are themost delicate points in the body and easy. toreach. The eye can easily be removed Withthe finger. See Illustrations Nos. 6, 9, 19.2. Groin: The enemy can easily be disabled by awell-directed kick in the groin. Never trussan opportunity to use the knee or the f?ot.Train yourself to look for an opportumt~;as a rule you will always find a chance IIIbayonet attack or hand-to-~and encounter.See Illustrations Nos. 16, 19,'~24,30, 40, 41.

3. Neck: Itis easy to strangle a man with anYfof the neck holds, but the chief weapon 0attack for the neck is the foot. Aim tothrow your man off his feet and stay onyours. N ever give the enemy a chance torecover after he is thrown, but stamp u~onthe neck with the foot. (See IllustrationNo. 36.) DOrI't kick, but jump on it withthe full weight of the body.


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14 HAND~TO-HAND FIGHTING PERSONAL DEFENSE 154. 9th Rib: The 9th rib as a point of attack is

easy to reach when the enemy is thrownupon his back. (See Illustration No. 38.)Stamp upon the ribs about 4 to 6 inchesbelow the nipple. Keep the knee stiffusing the weight of the body. The rib~will crumple under the weight.

Nate. - The natural tendency is to kick thefallen enemy. This is not quite as effective asthe stamp using the body weight.

instruction is given to enable large numbers ofmen to learn the holds of the system and not forcombat. The work should be strictly formal.Individual and Company combative workshould

be indulged in only when the men are properlyequipped.1. There are two kinds of commands: 1, the

preparatory command, which indicates the holdto be executed. 2. The command of exe-cution.2. The preparatory command will be the name

of the hold. The command of execution 'wil l beattack.3. The rank or individual that applies the holdwill be termed the offense. The rank upon which

the hold is being applied will be termed the de -fense.4. Upon the command of reconer the Companywil l return to the starting position of the hold

which is being applied.5. Upon the command of reverse the Company

will .change the rank of attack to rank of de-fense.

TECHNIQUE OF COMPANY INSTRUCTION-PRELIMINARY

The instructor should have four assistants inthe preliminary instruction.The Company forms two squares, one inside the

other. The inside squarewill be termed the FrontRank; the outside square the Rear Rank. Thedistance bet,,:Teenhe inside square (Front Rank)and the outside square (Rear Rank) is 24.inches.The instructor willtake his position in the centerof the inside square. The assistants will take a

position outside the square, one on each side.The instructor should see that the Rank of

Defense does not offer resistance. PreliminaryRear Attack No. I: The Company will assumethe position of attention. Upon the command


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16 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING PERSONAL DEFENSE 1 7of execution the rank of attack will step for-ward upon the left foot] keeping the right footin place when not used in the holds. Executethe hold and return to starting position uponthe command of Recover. .

Frontal Attack NO.2: The front rank facing therear rank 24 inches apart, the soldier at positionof attention. Upon the command of execution,the rank of attack will step forward upon theleft foot, keeping the right in place when notused in executing the hold, returning to startingposition upon command of Recover.

Fistic Attack No..3 : Front rank facing the rearrank 24 inches apart. Upon command of OnGuard front rank and rear rank take one stepforward (about 12 inches) 'with the left foot,assuming the boxer's position. Left arm for-ward; right arm across front chest. Uponcommand of execution Company will attack.Return to starting position (boxer's position)after attack without command.No te. - The left foot must be in place at all

times in the Company instruction. The instruc-tor "till find difficulty in this section unless thispoint is rigidly enforced. After the men are well

.I

schooled the .knee groin kick, etc., with the leftleg can be used.

'0

Ground Work NO.4: Company will assume posi-tion of attention. Upon command of GroundPosition the front rank will drop to the handsand knees; the rear rank will step forward,placet-he right foot between the legs of theopponent, drop to the left knee (knee slightlyto the left of the opponent's left knee) keepingthe trunk erect. The Company will executethe hold and return to this position uponcommand of Recover.

Foot Work NO.5: This attack cannot be giveninCompany formation. The instruction shouldbe informal; demonstrated and practiced upona dummy.

Neck Attack No.6: Stamp upon the neck withthe foot; keep the leg straight, throwing thewhole weight of the body into the attack. SeeIllustration No. 36 and 37.N ote . .:_ Don't bend the knee or kick at theenemy in the attack.

Il

9th Rib Attack: Stamp' upon the ribs 4 to. 6 inches below the nipple, using the stiff

c

l


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18 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING PERSONAL DEFENSE 19knee and weight of the body as III neck at-tack. See Illustration No. 38.Note. - The groin and solar plexus can be at-

tacked in the same manner, but the neck and 9thrib are the chief points of attack and more effec-tive.

NO. 1. HALF NELSONPlace the upper arm in the arm-pit of the enemy; bend

the forearm, placing the hand on the back of the head, lift-ing under the arm with downward pressure on the head.

Note. The hand should be placed high on the head andnot on the back of the neck.


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20 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING

NO.2. FULL NELSONThis hold is the double of No.1 (HALF NELSON). Place

both arms in the arm-pits of the enemy with the hands onthe back of the head; fingers slightly interlocked. Down-ward pressure on the head, slight upward lift under the arms.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 21

NO.3. REAR STRANGLE HOLDThrow the right arm around the opponent's neck, the fore-arm close up against the throat; place the other arm overthe shoulder; grab the le(t arm firmly just above the elbow;place the left hand upon the back of the head, pulling back-ward upon the right arm, forcing the forearm against theneck. Apply pressure upon the head with the left hand,downward and forward.


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NO.4. BAR LOCKThrow the right arm around the neck, the forearm againstthe throat, and the left upper-arm over the left shoulder.Grasp the left upper-arm with the right hand, just abovethe elbow.. Place the ~eftforearm in back of neck, graspingthe upper right arm with the left hand about at the biceps.Apply pressure backward with the right and push forwardwith the left arm.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 23

NO.5. HAMMER LOCKGrab the wrist of the opponent and with a quick backward

\pull force the forearm up the back toward the head. Con-tinue until dislocated.Note. In photo forward trip is also shown.


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NO.6. HIP BREAKCatch the opponent by the head (USING THE FINGERS 'TO

GOUGE THE EYES). Pull the head backward with a snap.Thrust the foot forward, toe turned out, striking the hockof the knee and forcing the knee to the ground. As theknee strikes the ground, throw all of your weight on thehead and shoulders of the enemy, pushing forward anddownward.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 25

NO.7. KIDNEY KICKCatch hold of the opponent's head (USING THE FINGERS

ON THE EYES), pull the head backward with a snap, at thesame time striking the enemy sharply in the back with theknee. FINISH up with the HIP BHEAK, bring the foot down-ward and forward, striking the hock of the knee, forcingthe knee to the ground. When the knee strikes the' ground,throw all of YO'lU' weight.onthe head and shoulders, pushingforward and downward until the opponent is disabled.


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26 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING PERSONAL DEFENSE 27

NO.8. BODY THROW.Pla~e both ~rms aro~d th enemy just above the hips.LIft him off his feet with a sharp, quick jerk, swinging thehead toward the ground and the feet sideward and upward.Throw the enemy violently to the ground, following up withthe foot work before he has time to recover.

NO.9. HEAD TWISTStrike the opponent under the chin with the heel of therizht hand and continue the thrust, twisting th.e head tothe right, sideward and upward. Place the palm ? f the leftband upon the top of the head with the fingers Just abovethe ear. Pull the top of the head to the left and push the

chin to the right.


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PERSONAL DEFENSE 2928 . HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING

NO. 11. CHANCERY HOLD

NO. 10. FRONT STRANGLEvVith the left forearm against the neck of ththe right h d b l' .' 8 opponent,. .ap. acre of the head, push downward with the

right and hft upward. against the neck with the left forearm.

Catch the opponent's head between the upper right armand. the trunk (body), bringing the forearm across the frontof the face. To add to the pressure, use the forearm as alever, pulling it against the face by grasping the right handor wrist with the left and pulling it upward.


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NO. 12. UNDER ARM BREAKEasily secured when the enemy reaches for a gun or knife

grasp the wrist of the opponent; push the upper arm to alevel with the shoulder, the forearm at right angles. Withthe free hand grasp the elbow, pulling it forward sharply,at the same time force the wrist backward.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 31

NO. 13. OVER ARM BREAKThis hold is used in warding off overhand knife attack.

Side step slightly, grasp the wrist and elbow of the opponent,push the wrist back, and at the same time pull the elbowforward sharply. If possible force the enemy backwardto the ground and use the foot work.


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32 HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING-

NO. 14. WRIST BREAKGrasp the right elbow of the opponent with the left hand

and his left hand with your right, with his arm in a flexedposition, force the elbow upward and press down on theback of the hand.

Note. Opening for this break in overhead knife attackand boxer's offensive position, etc.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 33

NO. 15. ELBOW BREAKGrasp the wrist, turning the palm of the hand "upward, and

strike a sharp blow under the elbow; at' the same time pulldown violently upon the wrist.

D


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34 HAND-TO-HAND I~IGH'l'ING

NO. 16. KNEE GROIN KICKRaise the knee, strike violently in . the groin. An excellent

means o r disabling the opponent.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 35

NO. 17. FOREARM AND CROTCH HOLDStrike the opponent violently under the chin with the

left forearm, forcing the head backward toward the ground.With the right in the crotch, give a forward upward lift andthrow the enemy backward.


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NO. 18. ARM THRUST AND BELT HOLDCatch hold of the belt or clothing at the waist line with

the right hand, striking the opponent under the chin withthe heel of the left hand, and continue the thrust, forcingthe head backward. Pull the opponent forward at the waist,arching the back, force him backward to the ground,

\ .

PERSONAL DEFENSE 37

NO. 19. ARM THRUST AND BACK HOLDStrike the opponent violently under the chin with the heel

of the hand and continue the thrust backward, at the sametime place the other hand behind the back and pull himtoward you, arching the back. Throw backward to theground; while the enemy is falling, use the knee groin kick.


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38 PERSONAL DEFENSEHAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING

NO. 20. FLYING BUTTOCKr Place the right arm around the neck of the opponent.Turn the back, bend forward, extending the hip to ther1g~t, pull down upon the head, at the same time give aquick upward hitch, throwing the enemy over the hip: .

r 39

NO. 21. FLYING MAREGrasp the arm of the opponent, turn the palm of the handup, keeping the arm straight. Turn your back upon the

enemy, placing his arm over your right shoulder. Placeyour shoulder in the arm-pit : lift upward; at the san;tetim~bending forward with a quick jerky rnotaon, throwing theopponent over head.

I(,


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NO. 22. HIGH RIGHT SWING AND LEAD FORTHE JAWAs the opponent swings with his right, block with the left

forearm and lead for the jaw with your right. Follow illwith the knee groin kick if possible.

Note. In the entire boxing series, the chief point ofattack is the groin,

NO. 23. STRAIGHT LEFT, RIGHT LEAD FOR THEBODYAs the opponent- leads a straight left for the head, slip

the head to the right, lead to the body with your left. Followwith the groin kick if o]_)egin~,


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NO. 24. STRAIGHT LEFT LEAD AND GROINKICKLead for the face 'with a straight left. As the opponent

covers or ducks, raise the left knee l;Q the groin.

PERSONAL DEFENSE 43

NO. 25. DUCK UNDER, LEFT LEAD FOR BODYAs the opponent leads 'with a right swing, duck under it

and lead for the body with your left. As you recover, usethe toe groin kick if possible.


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44 HAND-TO-RAND FIGHTING

NO. 26. DUCK UNDER, GROIN LEADWhen the opponent leads a straight right for the head

duck under it and attack the groin with your right. I~recovering, an opportunity for the knee or toe groin kickmay present itself.

PERSONAL DE);'ENSE 45

NO. 27. INSTEP AND HEART LEADStamp on the instep of the opponent with your left foot,

leading for the heart with your .right.Note. Care should be' taken in this attack, as a slightblow from the enemy's right may floor you.


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NO. 28. RIGHT PIN AND LEAD FOR BODYPin down the left arm of your opponent between your

upper arm and body. Lead for the body with your right.Follow up with the knee groin kick.

47ERSONAL DEFENSE

NO. 29. ARM PIN AND KNEE GROIN KICKShows the arm pin of No. 28 with the knee groin kick.

48 PERSONAL DEFENSE-- 49


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HAND~TO-HAND FlGHTING

NO. 30. TOE GROIN KICKKnock down the guard of the opponent with your left

arm and follow up with the left toe to the groin.

NO. 31. HALF NELSON AND LEG FINFor a description of Half Nelson see Illustration No.1. LEG

PIN: Kneeling Oll. the left knee, place- the right foot in be-tween the legs of the opponent, keeping the heel close to thenear knee of the opponent, or the right foot can be placedupon leg of the opponent just above the calf.

E


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NO. 34. HEAD SCISSORS AND HAMMER LOCKCatch the head of your opponent between your legs about half way between the kneesand the crotch. Cross the legs, locking them at the ankles. Apply pressure by trying to

55


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NO. 36. NECK ST_I\..MP FRONT!ump quickly to the near side of the fallen opponent,

shift the body weight momentarily to the leg farthestfrom his head, spring forward, landing 011 the neck under~he chin with the other foot, keeping the leg stiff and throw-lIlg all of the weight onto the stamping foot.

NO. 37. NECK STAJl,tIP REARAttack same as No. 36 on the ba.ck of the neck, used when

the enemy 'is thrown f1j-cedown.


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56 HAN-D-TO-HAND FIGHTING

NO. 38.' RIB ATTACKStamp upon the ribs about 4 to-6 inches below the nipple.Attack same as No. 36 (Neck Stamp).

PERSONAL DEFENSE 57


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61

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NO. 54.



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.NO. 44. FRONT TR.IP. arne as the backward trip (see Backward Trip, No. ~3)

WIth the foot placed in front of the enemy and the push fromthe back.

COMBINATIONSSome of the holds appl~ independently are

not very effective. It is therefore necessaryto use them in combination to secure the bestresults. The instructor should see that thesoldier is well schooled in this work.Arm Thrust and Belt Hold I Knee Groin Kick.lBackward Trip.I Knee Groin Kick .

lBackward Trip.No Combinations.No Combinations.No Combinations.r Groin Kick - Toe.iGroin Kick - Knee.l Backward Trip.No Combinations.No Combinations.Backward Trip.Groin Kick - Toe.No Combinations.r Half Nelson.j Forward Trip .lHead Scissors.

.Arm Thrust and Back HoldBar LockBody ThrowChancery HoldElbow BreakFlying ButtockFlying MareForearm and CrotchFront Strangle.Full NelsonHammer Lock

63



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JFOrWardTrip.Hammer Lock.LegPin.{Backward Trip.GroinKick - Knee.No Combinations.l use whenever inclose enough withany hold.{Knee Groin Kick.lBackward Trip.No Combinations.Hammer Lock.No Combinations.{Knee Groin Kick.lToe Groin Kick.IFront Trip.Rear Trip.GroinKick - Knee.

Note. The Combinations above are advised.Other Combinations can be used, but in doing sothe soldier gives his opponent anadvantage.In the entire Boxing Series the Groin Kicks and

Backward Trip are the only Combinations advised.~

Half Nelson

Head TwistKidney KickKnee GroinKick

Over ArmBreakRunning TripScissorsStrangle from the RearUnder ArmBreak

Wrist Break

POSITIONSStarting position in the Rear Attack.Illustration No. 45.Starting position in Frontal Attack.Illustration No. 46.Starting position in the Fistic Attack.Illustration No. 47.Starting position in the Ground Work.Illustration No. 48.

F 65


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NO. 45.

66

NO. 46.

67


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c00

NO. 47.


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PERSONAL DEFENSE INSTRUCTION ATCAMP SEVIER

Illustrations Nos. 49-50-51-52-53-54. Officersof the 118th Infantry receiving instruction inPersonal Defense - A. E. Marriott, Instructor.

Illustrations Nos. 55-56-57-58: Company In-struction, 11th and 12thCompanies, 3dTrainingBattalion, 55th Depot Brigade, Capts. Hintonand Murrah commanding - C. W. Knebel, In-structor.

. 70 71


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NO,50.


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NO. 56.

1


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8 0

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Illustrated. $I.25Victor Chapman was studying architecture in Paris

when the war broke out and at once he joined theFrench Foreign Legion. A year later he was trans-ferred to the Aviation Corps and went to the frontas pilot in the American Escadrille. This volumecomprises his letters written to his family, coveringthe full period of his service from September, I9I4, toa few days before his death."They are," says the New York Times, comment-

ing on them, "graphic letters that show imaginativefeeling and unusual faculty for literary expfessionandthey are filled with details of his daily life and du-ties and reflect the keen satisfaction he was taking inhis experiences. He knew many of those Americanswho have won distinction, and some of them death,in the Legion and the Aviation Service, and there isfrequent reference to one or another of them ....In few of the memorials to those who have laid downtheir lives in this war is it possible to find quite sucha SEnse of a life not only fulfilled but crowned by itssacrifice, notwithstanding its youthfulness, as one getsfrom. this trib1:cfe to Victor Chapman."

THE MACMILLAN COMPANYPublishers 64-66 Fifth Avenue New York

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