Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

8/18/2019 Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

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COURSE HANDBOOKInstallation | Commissioning | System Configuration

IP-20G Basic Training Course

Updated for SW Version 7.7

Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at [email protected]

Trainee Name: _________________

Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd. www.ceragon.com


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FibeAir IP‐20G Ceragon Training Course

CERAGON TRAINING

PROGRAM

–

IP

‐20G

Basic

Training

Course

Sw

7.7

Table of Content

Intro to Radio Systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 005

Introduction to Ethernet ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 029

IP‐20G Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 041

Installation Guide……………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 053

First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 079

ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 085

Radio Link Parameters…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 097

Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….……………………………………. 103

Service Model in IP‐20G………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 109

Licensing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133

Native TDM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 143

Configuration Management & Software Download…………………………………………………………… 151

Troubleshooting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 163

Course Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 177


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Version 1

Introduction to Radio Systems

May 2014

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

2

• Radio Relay Principles

• Parameters affecting propagations:

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

• Modulation

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Digital Transmission Systems

3


RF Signal

Path Terrain

f1

f1’

Radio Relay Principles

• A Radio Link requires two end stations

• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

• Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz

4

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High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

5


Standard frequency plan patterns

Frequency reuse:

2,4V

1,3V1,3H 1,3H 1,3H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Frequency shift:

1,3V1,3H 2,4H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Only Low stations can interfere High stations

1,3H

Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band

1,3VLow High Low High

6

Tx Tx Tx

TxTxTx

TxTx

TxTx

Tx

Tx

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Preferred site location structure

7


RF Tx Filter Branching

Network(*) Feeder

Z' B' C' D' A'

Feeder

DBranching

Network(*)

C BRF Rx Filter

A

Receiver

E

Demodulator

Z

Modulator

E'

RECEIVER PATH

TRANSMITTER PATH

Transmitter Digital

Line interface

Digital

Line interface Output

signal

Input

signal

Radio Principal Block Diagram

8

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RF Principals

• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves

(EMW) propagated through space

• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)

• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -

Wave Length

• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:

300 MHz ~ 1 meter

10 GHz ~ 3 cm

9

f

c

where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)


RF Principals

• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitudeusing this animation

10

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Radio Spectrum

11

Parameters Affecting Propagation

12

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Parameters Affecting Propagation

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

13


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion

• Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded

because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)

have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:

• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

• High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Atmospheric Refraction

• Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical

characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant .

• The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &

humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease

with altitude

• Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the

wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend

downwards, following the curve of earth

15

No Atmosphere

With Atmosphere


Wave in atmosphere

16

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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath

• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver

with different amplitude or phase

• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies

17

Direct beam

Delayed beam


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct

• Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:

• Remain within the duct

• Follow the curvature of the Earth

• Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not

present

18

Duct Layer

Terrain

Duct Layer

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Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization andRain

• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimetersmean diameter (above that they tend to break up)

• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.

• As a raindrop increases in

• size, its shape becomes more

• oblate, with its largestcross-section facing the

• oncoming airflow.

19

Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on theBottom;

very large ones are shaped

like parachutes


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

• Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice

• Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz

• Signal quality degrades

• Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain

density which represented “mm/hr”

• Rain drops falls as flattened droplet

V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

21

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone

22

Terrain

Duct Layer0

1st

2nd

3rd

TX RX

1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer

3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect

beam

4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created

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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone

• Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees outof phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone,

they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…

• Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.

• When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are keptfree of obstructions.

• In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnelzone should be kept free.

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Example: First condition

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RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)

25


RSSI Curve for RFU-C

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

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• Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is notnormally possible due to poor front to back ratio.

• High performance antennas (HP)

• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.

• High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)

• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.

• Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)

• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.

• Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using

frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.

Main Parabolic Antenna Types

27


Passive Repeaters

Planereflector

Back-to-backantennas

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Objective examples

• Typical objectives used in real systems

• 99.999%• Month: 25.9 sec

• Year: 5 min 12 sec

• 99.995 %• Month: 2 min 10 sec

• Year: 26 min

• 99.99%• Month: 260 sec

• Year: 51 min

• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

• ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability

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Modulation

32

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Modulation

Modulation

Analog

Modulation

Digital

Modulation

AM - Amplitude modulation ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying

FM - Frequency modulation FSK – Frequency Shift Keying

PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying

QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation

33


Modem

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 11 0

Modem

1 111 10 0 0

0111 0 11

F1F2F1 F1F2F1 F1

Modem

1 1 1 1 10 0 0

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1800 phase shift

ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.

FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

binary states ”1” and ”0” with different

spcific frequencies.

PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmittedsignal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .

Digital modulation

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QAM Modulation

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)

• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the numberof modulation states used.

• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight uniquemodulation states

• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on

4QAM 2bits/symbol 256QAM 8bits/symbol

8QAM 3bits/symbol 512QAM 9bits/symbol

16QAM 4bits/symbol 1024QAM 10bits/symbol32QAM 5bits/symbol 2048QAM 11bits/symbol

64QAM 6bits/symbol

128QAM 7bits/symbol

35


Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

• This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent pointsin the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly

• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors arereduced

• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

• Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise

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Constellation diagram

• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may beselected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.

Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of

interference and distortion in a signal.

37


8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110

Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)

000

1

None

001

2

None

010

1

pi/2

(90°)

011

2

pi/2

(90°)

100

1

pi

(180°)

101

2

pi

(180°)

110

1 3pi/2

(270°)

111

2 3pi/2

(270°)

How does constellation diagram look?

DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)

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4QAM VS. 16QAM

4QAM 16QAM

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2048 QAM

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2-PSK

4-PSK

8-PSK

16-QAM

64-QAM

Bandwidth

DecreasesModulation

Complixity

Increases

Bandwidth vs. Modulation

41


P o w e r

Noise

Signal

S/N

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator

• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors

BER=10-3BER=10-6BER


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10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

-75 -72 -69 -66Receiver input level [dBm]

BER change ratio vs. Noise isdependent on Noise Power distribution

and coding

BER Impact on Transmission Quality

BER

43


RSL Vs. Threshold

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)

S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level

-99

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-73 Threshold level BER=10-6

Fading Margin

K – Boltzmann constant

T – Temperature in Kelvin

B – Bandwidth

Time (s)

BER>10-6

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Thank you

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Version 1

Introduction to Ethernet

November 2013


Agenda

2

• Local Area Network (LAN)

• Network Devices

• OSI Layers

• Ethernet Frame

• VLAN concept

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The Local Area Network (LAN)

3


Network Devices

The various devices used to build a data communication network can be classified into type of

equipment depending on how Ethernet packets are forwarded.

HUB

BRIDGE / SWITCH

ROUTER

4

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Functions of OSI layers

5

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OSI model layers

Type of communication: e-mail, file transfer, web browsing

Encryption, data conversion: ASCII to EBCDIC, BCD to binary e t.

Starts, stops sessions. Maintains order

Routes data to different LANs and WANs based on network addresses

Transmits packets from node to node based on station address

Electrical signals and cabling (physical medium)

Ensure delivery of entire file or message


Protocols in OSI layers

6

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OSI model layers

HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS, SNMP

SSL, SFTP, IMAP, SSH, Jpeg, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI, mp3

VARIOUS API’S, SOCKETS

IP, IP Sec, ICMP, IGMP

Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, FDDI

Coax, Fiber, Wireless

TCP, UDP, ECN, SCTP, DCCP

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Ethernet frame

7


OSI and TCP/IP model

8

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Interface

Layer 2,5

Internet

ApplicationSession Protocol

Presentation Protocol

Application Protocol

P SFD MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DATA FCSS‐VLAN

DATA

MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DATA FCSS‐VLAN C-VLAN

MPLS IPv4 /6 TCP/UDP DATA

IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DAT A

T CP/ UD P D AT A

TCP/IP modelOSI model

layers

OSI model

layers

E

L

E

L

7 1 12 4 4 4 2 20/40 20/8 4

46-1500P Preamble TCP Transmission control protocol

SFD Start frame Delimiter UDP User datagram protocol

MAC = Destination + Source MAC Address FCS Frame check sequence

EL Ether Length/Type

VLAN Virtual local area network

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

IP Internet protocol

C-VLAN

Size in bytes:

Transport

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L2

9


L3

10

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L4

11

UDP Header

TCP Header


Inter-frame gap

Ethernet works in Layer 1, Layer 2 and “Layer 2,5”

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VLAN concept


Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept

14

• Imagine that you have a network and three different customer

• Customer 1

• Customer 2

• Customer 3

NETWORK

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Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept

15

The most common protocol used today in configuring virtual LANs is IEEE 802.1Q

VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers

in LAN configurations


OSI and TCP/IP model

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Interface

Layer 2,5

Internet

ApplicationSession Protocol

Presentation Protocol

Application Protocol

P SFD MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DATA FCSS‐VLAN

DATA

MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DATA FCSS‐VLAN C-VLAN

MPLS IPv4 /6 TCP/UDP DATA

IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DAT A

T CP/ UD P D AT A

TCP/IP modelOSI model

layers

OSI model

layers

E

L

E

L

7 1 12 4 4 4 2 20/40 20/8 4

46-1500P Preamble TCP Transmission control protocol

SFD Start frame Delimiter UDP User datagram protocol

MAC = Destination + Source MAC Address FCS Frame check sequence

EL Ether Length/Type

VLAN Virtual local area network

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

IP Internet protocol

C-VLAN

Size in bytes:

Transport

16

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Ethernet frame

17


Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)

Preamble + SFD DA SA Length / Type DATA + PAD FCS

6 Bytes 6 Bytes8 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes

(32-bit

CRC)

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes

Untagged Ethernet Frame

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• Additional information is inserted

• Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes

Tagged Ethernet Frame

4 Bytes

TPID = Tag protocol ID

TCI = Tag Control Information

CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator


3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

TCI

CFI

VLAN TAG

P‐TAG VLAN ID

TPID = 0x8100

19


VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:

• 212 = 4096

• VID 0 = reserved

• VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10’s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)

• VID 1 = default

• After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

• CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over

ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)

Tagging a Frame

20

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TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type…

21

TPID in tagged frames in always set to

0x8100

It is important that you understand the

meaning and usage of this parameter

Protocol type Value

Tagged Frame 0x8100

ARP 0x0806

Q ‐in‐Q (CISCO) 0x8100

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x88A8

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x9100

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x9200

RARP 0x8035

IP 0x0800

IPv6 0x86DD

PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864

MPLS 0x8847/0x8848

IS‐IS 0x8000

LACP 0x8809

802.1x 0x888E


• Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted

• Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes

Q-in-Q

4 Bytes


3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

CFI

S ‐ VLAN

TPID = 0x88A8

P‐TAG VLAN ID

TCI

CFI P‐TAGVLAN ID

TCITPID = 0x8100

C ‐ VLAN

4 Bytes

3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

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Thank you

23

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Version 2

IP-20G Overview

July 2014


Agenda

2

• FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

• Network topology with IP-20G

• IP-20G Introduction and Highlights

• IP-20G Front Panel Description

• IP-20G Block Diagram

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FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

3

IP‐20Platform

IP-20LH

IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20G

IP-20S

IP-20C


IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Ethernet Only

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Nodal

Terminal /

Single-Carrier

NodalAggregation

FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011

Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network

4

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IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Optimized Solution for Any Network

Ethernet Only

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20G)

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-CarrierTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Aggregation

IP-20G

5


IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20G

Network Topology Example (Tree)

6

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

1+1

2+0

1+1

IP‐10G

C

C

IP‐20G

C

C

1+0

1+02+0IP‐10G

C

C

1+0

C

2+0

C

C

1+0

IP‐20N

C

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IP-20G Introduction

7

IP-20G hardware characteristics:

• 6 x 1 GE interfaces total• 2 x dual mode GE electrical or cascading interfaces (RJ-45)

• 2 x GE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)

• 2x GE optical interfaces (SFP)

• Optional: 16 x E1 interfaces• Single or dual radio interfaces (TNC)• Single or dual power-feeds (-48v)• Sync in/out interface• Management interfaces

• Terminal – RS232 (RJ-45)

• 2x FE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)

• External alarms interface• RFU-C support

• IP-20G maintains high capacity, with up to 1024QAM modulation in its first SW release (T7.7),and up to 2048QAM in future release


IP-20G Highlights

8

• Optimized tail/edge solution supporting seamless integration of radio (L1)and end-to-end Carrier Ethernet transport/services (L2) functionality

• Rich packet processing feature set for support of engineered end-to-endCarrier Ethernet services with strict SLA

• Integrated support for multi-operator and converged backhaul businessmodels, such as wholesale services and RAN-sharing

• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency

• High precision, flexible packet synchronization solution combining SyncEand 1588v2

• Best-in-class integrated TDM migration solution

• Specifically built to support resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links,scaling to GE capacity

• Future-proof with maximal investment protection

• Supports RFU-Ce for modulations up to 1024QAM.

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IP-20G Front Panel Description

9


FibeAir IP-20G – Front panel description

10

Terminal

(RJ45)

External

Alarms

(DB9)

16 x E1/DS1s

(optional)

MDR69 connector

Sync in/out

(RJ45)2 x GE

Electrical

(RJ45)

2 x GE

Optical

(SFP)

1 or 2 RFU

interfaces

(TNC)

Power

-48V DC

(Single-feed &

Dual-feed options)

2 x FE

Management

(RJ45)

Purpose-built for tail/edge nodal sites

Same features/capabilities as IP-20A Aggregation Nodes

1RU

2 x Dual-Mode:GE Electrical or

‘Cascading’

(RJ45)

Passive cooling

(Fan-less design)

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SM- Card

11

• The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card

Cover is necessary to ensure that the unit’s software and configuration is

maintained.


Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G

12

• FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physicalconnector on the front panel (MGMT).

• If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight orcross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.

• To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.

• Port Status LED – The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMTinterface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.

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DS1 - Interface

13

• Optionally, FibeAir IP-20G can be ordered with an MDR69 connector in which 16DS1 interfaces are available (ports 1 through 16).

• In SW 7.7. is E1 option only available

• The DS1 interface has the following LEDs

• ACT LED – Indicates whether the TDM card is working properly (Green) or if there isan error or a problem with the card’s functionality (Red).

• E1/DS1 LED – Indicates whether the interfaces are enabled with no alarms (Green),with alarms (Red), or no interfaces enabled (Off).


Radio Interfaces

14

• In 7.7 is supported only single radio carrier.

• In 7.7.5 will be supported 2x 1+0 East / West Terminal

• In future software release will be available 2+0 ABC

• In 7.7 is supported only RFU-C (up to 256QAM) and RFU-Ce (up to 1024QAM)

• RFU-HP, 1500HP, RFU-A support is planned for future software releases

• The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft),Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector

(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the IDU.

RFU-C / RFU-Ce 1500HP RFU-A

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Radio Interfaces - LEDs

15

• ACT – Indicates whether the interface is working properly (Green) or if there is an error ora problem with the interface’s functionality (Red), as follows:

• Off – The radio is disabled.

• Green – The radio is active and operating normally.

• Blinking Green – The radio is operating normally and is in standby mode.

• Red – There is a hardware failure.

• Blinking Red – Troubleshooting mode.

• LINK – Indicates the status of the radio link, as follows:• Green – The radio link is operational.

• Red – There is an LOF or Excessive BER alarm on the radio.

• Blinking Green – An IF loopback is activated, and the result is OK.

• Blinking Red – An IF loopback is activated, and the result is Failed.

• RFU – Indicates the status of the RFU, as follows:

• Green – The RFU is functioning normally.• Yellow – A minor RFU alarm or a warning is present, or the RFU is in TX mute mode,

or, in a protected configuration, the RFU is in standby mode.

• Red – A cable is disconnected, or a major or critical RFU alarm is present.

• Blinking Green – An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is OK.

• Blinking Red – An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is Failed.


Power Interfaces

16

• FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two powerinterfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy).

• The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reversepolarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the

system remains shut down.

• The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltagealarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage

alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range.

• There is an ACT LED for each power interface.

• The LED is Green when the voltage being fed to the power interface is within range,and Red if the voltage is not within range or if a power cable is not connected.

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Synchronization Interface

17

• FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 synchronization interface for T3 clock input and T4 clock output.The interface is labeled SYNC.

• The synchronization interface contains two LEDs, one on the upper left of the interface and oneon the upper right of the interface, as follows:

• T3 Status LED – Located on the upper left of the interface. Indicates the status of T3 input clock,as follows:

• Off – There is no T3 input clock, or the input is illegal.

• Green – There is legal T3 input clock.

• T4 Status LED – Located on the upper right of the interface. Indicates the status of T4 outputclock, as follows:

• Off – T4 output clock is not available.

• Green – T4 output clock is available.• Blinking Green – The clock unit is in a holdover state.


External Alarms

18

• IP-20G includes a DB9 dry contact external alarms interface. The external alarmsinterface supports five input alarms and a single output alarm.

• The input alarms are configurable according to:

• 1 Intermediate

• 2 Critical

• 3 Major

• 4 Minor • 5 Warning

• The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories.

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Terminal Interface

19

• FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 terminal interface (RS-232). A local craftterminal can be connected to the terminal interface for local CLImanagement of the unit.

• Bits per Second – 115,200

• Data Bits – 8

• Parity – None

• Stop Bits – 1

• Flow Control - None

Proprietary and Confidential20

IP-20G Block Diagram

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Version 1

IP-20G Installation Guide

May 2014


Agenda

2

• Electromagnetic Fields, ESD and Laser Protection

• General Requirements for Packing and Transportation andEnvironment

• IP-20G Rack Installation

• Rack Installation

• Grounding the IP-20G

• Replacing SM-Card• Power Cable

• Mechanical Specifications

• Earth Bonding of Equipment

• IP-20G to RFU-C connection

• Antenna Installation

• RFU-C Installation

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High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields!

3

• Exposure to strong high frequency electromagnetic fields may causethermal damage to personnel. The eye (cornea and lens) is easily exposed.

• Any unnecessary exposure is undesirable and should be avoided.• In radio-relay communication installations, ordinary setup for normal

operation, the general RF radiation level will be well below the safety limit.

• In the antennas and directly in front of them the RF intensity normally willexceed the danger level, within limited portions of space.

• Dangerous radiation may be found in the neighborhood of open waveguideflanges or horns where the power is radiated into space.

• To avoid dangerous radiation the following precautions must be taken:• During work within and close to the front of the antenna; make sure that

transmitters will remain turned off.

• Before opening coaxial - or waveguide connectors carrying RF power,

turn off transmitters.• Consider any incidentally open RF connector as carrying power, until

otherwise proved. Do not look into coaxial connectors at closer thanreading distance (1 foot). Do not look into an open waveguide unlessyou are absolutely sure that the power is turned off.


ESD & LASER

4

• ESD

• This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (ElectroStatic Discharge). Therefore, ESD protection measures must be observed

when touching the IDU.

• Anyone responsible for the installation or maintenance of the FibeAir IDUmust use an ESD Wrist Strap.

• Additional precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of workbench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage

in special antistatic bags and boxes.

• LASER

• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other thanthose specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

• The optical interface must only be serviced by qualified personnel, who areaware of the hazards involved to repair laser products.

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General Requirements


Transportation & Inspection

6

• The equipment cases are prepared for

shipment by air, truck, railway and sea,

suitable for handling by forklift trucks and

slings. The cargo must be kept dry during

transport and storage.

• It is recommended that the equipment be

transported to the installation site in its

original packing case.

• If intermediate storage is required, the

packed equipment must be stored in a dry

and cool environment, and out of direct

sunlight, in accordance with ETS 300 019-

1-1, Class 1.2.

• Check the packing lists and verify that the

correct equipment part numbers and

quantities are in the delivered packages.

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Packing & Transportation

7

The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bagsare inserted.

The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry

during transportation.

Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination.

If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry

and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight

When unpacking –Check the packing lists, and ensure that thecorrect part numbers and quantities of

components arrived.


General Requirements

8

1. Environmental specification for IDU: -5C (23F) to +55C (131F)

2. Environmental specification for RFU: -33C (-27F) to +55C (131F) high reliability

3. -45C (-49F) to +60C (140F) with limited margins

4. Cold startup requires at least -5C (23F)

5. Humidity: 5%RH to 95%RH for IP-20G

6. Humidity: 5%RH to 100%RH for RFU-C

7. IDU standard Input is -48VDC (-40 to -60VDC)

8. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed conductor of

the DC supply circuit and the Earthing conductor at the equipment.

9. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system

10. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment

11. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply

source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.

8

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IP-20G Rack Installation


Installing the IP-20G IDU

10

Kits required to perform the installation:

• IP-20G chassis 1x

• 19” rack/ sub rack 1x• SM-Card Cover 1x

Tools:

Philips screwdriver

Flat screwdriver

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Rack Installation

11

• Insert and hold the IP-20G IDU in the rack, as shown in the followingfigures. Use four screws (not supplied with the installation kit) to fasten the

IDU to the rack.


Grounding the IP-20G

12

• Connect a grounding wire first to the single-point stud shown in the figurebelow, and then to the rack, using a single screw and two washers.

• The grounding wire must be 16 AWG or thicker

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Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

13

• If you should need to replace the IP-20G IDU, you must first remove the SM-Card Cover so thatyou can insert it into the new IDU.

• The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in theSM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the unit’s

software and configuration is maintained.

• In some cases, you may need to replace the SM-Card itself in order to upgrade the unit’sconfiguration.

To remove the SM-Card Cover:

1. Loosen the screws of the SM-Card Cover and remove it from the IDU.


Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

14

2. In the new IDU or, if you are upgrading the SM-Card, the old IDU, make sure that there is noforeign matter blocking the sockets in the opening where the SM-Card is installed.

3. Gently place the SM-Card Cover in its place and tighten the screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.

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Power Requirements

15

When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:

• DC power can be from -40 VDC to -60 VDC.

• Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to country national

electrical codes. For North America, equipment must be installed in accordance to the

US National Electrical Code, Articles 110-16, 110-17 and 110-18, and the Canadian

Electrical Code, Section 12.

• Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible listed branch circuit overcurrent

protective device, rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.

• Grounded Supply System: The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded

supply system. All equipment in the immediate vicinity shall be grounded the same

way, and shall not be grounded elsewhere.

• Local Supply System: The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same

premises as the equipment.

• Disconnect Device: A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit

between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.

15


Power Interface

• FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power interfaces (thesecond power interface is optional for power redundancy). The IP-20G monitors the power supply for

under-voltage and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-)

inputs are mixed up, the system remains shutdown.

• The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage alarm is triggered ifthe power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes

above the allowed range.

• Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage by short or overload. In abuilding installation, the circuit breaker shall be readily accessible and incorporated external to the

equipment. The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 10 Amp, while the

maximum current rating is 5 Amp.

16

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Power Cable

17


Power cables

18

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Mechanical Specifications

19

Copyright © 2009 – 2013 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved. I-79113-EN rev. A

Earth Bonding of Equipment

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Typical Earthing Network

21

Note 1: Structure or cable riser directly connected to Station

Earth Network.

Note 2: Main Earth Bar in equipment room, connected to

Station Earth Network.

Note 3: Earth Bus Bar/Cable connected to main earth bar.

Note 4: Coax Signal Cable.

Note 5: Over voltage protection integrated in units.

Note 1


There are three logical positions where

a Waveguide/Feeder Earthing Kit should be installed:

1. Highest priority is at the bottom of the vertical

feeder run, on the straight section just above the

bend where it transitions from vertical to

horizontal.

2. Jumper Leads from the kit should be bonded to

the Tower Structure:- directly (bolted connection)

- via a earth termination plate (if provided)

- stainless steel angle adaptor (ANDREW)

3. Earth Kit on the feeder should be positioned

so that each jumper lead has a uniform smooth

transition down to the point of bonding – this may

mean staggering their position as shown here.

4. It is preferred that each jumper is bonded

separately.

SEE NEXT TWO SLIDES

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and buried earth radial bonded to base

of the Tower Leg.

Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated Conductor

Earthing Kit staggered to ensure smooth,

uniform jumper transition to point of bonding.

Custom Earthing Kit supplied from the

Feeder Manufacturer – use only kit that are

compatible.

Never intermix components from different

Manufacturers.

Ceragon Networks provides one

Earthing kit per feeder as standard

Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.1)

22

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The second position in order of priority is just before the

waveguide/feeder enters the shelter through the wall plate.

1. Again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth

transition downwards to earth. In this case the bonding

point is on the earth termination plate mounted below the

cable bridge.

2. It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately. Earth

Termination Plate usually have multiple bonding holes pre-

drilled.

3. To shape each conductor correctly begin at the earth

termination plate and form the cable to the best transition

back to the feeder. From there you will establish the

location to fit the earth kit. Treat each earthing kit

separately.

Common Errors

Fitting or, finding the Earth Termination Plate too high on the

shelter wall often prevent achieving the required earth

jumper transition.

Second line of defence

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and Earth Termination Plate outsideshelter.

Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated

Conductor or 3mm x 25mm Copper

Tape.

Conductor / Tape should be run out

to the

Buried earth loop at a depth of

600mm.

Earth Kit

Earth Termination Plate


23


The third position in order of priority is at the antenna position.

Here, the Earthing Kit is fitted on the vertical straight

section of feeder just after the transition from horizontal to

vertical.

1. Once again it is important that the jumper lead forms a

smooth transition downwards to earth. It is usual to use the

tower structure itself as the main down conductor.

2. To shape each conductor correctly begin at the bonding

point and form the cable to the best transition back to the

feeder. From there you will establish the best position to fitthe earth kit to the feeder. Treat each earthing kit

separately.

3. If using a Stainless Steel Angle Adaptor – this will provide

flexibility to establishing a bonding point on the tower – the

Angle Adaptor does not require you to find or drill a hole in

any structural members.

The tower structure or

climbing ladder are

both commonly used

for bonding the earth

jumper.

Angle Adaptors are the

most convenient

bonding method as this

avoids finding or

drilling holes at height

in the tower.

Additional Earthing Kit:

If a customer specifies additional earthing kit to be fitted, these

would normally be positioned between the two kit installed at the

top and bottom of the feeder.


24

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RSSI

EARTH TERMINAL

N-Type to IDU connection

4. BOND TO TOWER STRUCTURE.CLAMP TYPE DEPENDENT ON

TOWER MEMBER PROFILE

3. SUPPORT EARTH JUMPERWHERE NEEDED

1. SMOOTH JUMPER TRANSITION

2. SHORTEN THE JUMPER IF TOO LONG

EACH ODU IS SEPARATELY

EARTHED – DO NOT JUMPER

BETWEEN ODU

ODU Earthing

25


With All Cable Installations

Avoid leaving coils along

feeder cables

Avoid – kinking the cable

Avoid – cable loopbacks

Applying the same principles to all cables

26

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Weatherproofing

• Each Earthing Kit should be protected with a waterproof weather seal

• If the weather seals are not provided as part of the main Earthing Kit, they must beordered

• Each kit is provided with an installation instruction (or, Bulletin)

• Always follow the advice given in the instruction to achieve the best possibleinstallation

27

ODU to IDU connection

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IP-20G to RFU-C connection

29

TNC females

N-type female

TNC

The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.

N-type male

TNC male


N-type connector installation

30

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=cAV_xhP3FNA

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=Mo9LwdHe39M

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TNC connector

installation

instructions

31

http://www.youtube.co

m/watch?v=XfA0JVR

JSxU


Self sealing vulcanized tape

weather kit should be

applied to the connector at

the ODU to make it fully

water tight.

Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape

overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing

and is hand moulded around the connector to

form a water tight joint

Fit a small cable tie at the top and

bottom of the weather kit to

prevent the PVC tape over wrap

from loosening

Failure to follow every detail of

the installation instructions will

result with water damage to the

connector and cable

Protecting the IF Connector for Split Mount

The vulcanized tape must

be overwrapped with PVC

tape tied off at the top and

bottom with cable ties.

Also is possible to use cold

shrink medium instead of

tapes

32

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Antenna Installation


RSSI Curve

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

36

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Receiving Antenna

Antenna Panning - Azimuth

SIDE LOBE

SIDE LOBE

MAIN BEAM

AZ I M UT H

Important to establish which are the side lobesand what is the main beam

Position can be marked onto the column or

interface using a felt tipped pen

For Azimuth panning it is important to establish the

strongest possible signal – but remember, further improvement

should be expected once elevation adjustment is carried out

Always Pan antenna

beyond each side lobe

37


SIDE LOBE

SIDE LOBE

MAIN BEAM

E L E

V AT I ON

HORIZONTAL

Antenna Panning - Elevation

Determine from available data if the antenna direction

of shoot is above or below horizontal to ensure the

elevation is adjusted in the correct direction

With the main beam having already been established

it is not necessary to find the side lobes again

Once the best signal strength has been found using

elevation – minor azimuth panning can often

improve the signal strength further

Receiving Antenna

Note:

It should not always be expected to establish the strongest receive signal at

first attempt to align an antenna

Antenna may need to be panned several times before the optimum signal

strength is established

38

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Dual Polarized Antenna connection

To fit the Duel Polarized Waveguide

Interface

Remove the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.

Replace the Waveguide Interface with the

Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface.

Secure the Dual Polarized Waveguide

Interface to the antenna by means of two

screws M8.

Remount the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.

Note: There may be some variation in of the

Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface -

always refer to the installation Bulletin before

attempting to install this unit

39


Dual Polarized Antenna connection

WAVEGUIDE

Waveguide ports on feedhorn

clearly marked to show polarization

DUEL POLARIZED FEEDHORN

V

H

40

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RFU-C direct mount configurations

1+0 direct

43


RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount Polarization

44

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RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+0 remote

45


RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct

46

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RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization

47

Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization


RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote

48

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Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation

49

Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the

existing rectangular transition,

swapping the O-ring, and

replacing on the circular

transition).


OMT Installation Example

50

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RFU-C Mediation devices losses

51

Thank you

52

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July, 2014 v2

First login

Ceragon Training Services


Agenda

2

• CLI and Web login

• General commands

• Get IP address

• Set IP address

• Set to default

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Connecting to the Unit

3

CLI

Web/Telnet

Default Username/password is admin/admin

Baud rate =

115200

IP address = 192.168.1.1

Bits per Second – 115,200

DataBits – 8Parity – None

Stop Bits – 1

Flow Control- None


General commands

4

Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directoryUse the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands

Question mark to list helpful commands

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Get IP address

5

CLI Command:

“platform management ip show ip-address”


Changing Management IP Address

6

• CLI Command:

“platform management ip set ipv4-address subnet

gateway ”

• Example

• Webexpand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, setaccordingly and click Apply button

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Set to default

7

• CLI Command:

“platform management set-to-default”

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!


Other CLI commands

8

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

• Open Index html file

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration

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Web Management

9


First Web login

10

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24

Default Username/password is admin/admin

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IP address settings

11

1

2

Thank You

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86/178

Proprietary and Confidential3

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.

• When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust

modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.

• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original

setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).

• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.

• In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation

state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.

H i g h

P r i o r i t y

T r a f

f i c

L o w P

r i o r i t y

T r a f f i c

1 0 2 4 Q A M

L F E C

1 0 2 4 Q A M

S F E C

5 1 2 Q A M

2 5 6 Q A M

1 2 8 Q A M

6 4 Q A M

3 2 Q A M

1 6 Q A M

8 Q

A M

4 Q

A M

2 0 4 8 Q A C M


Hitless and Errorless switching

4

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Using MSE with ACM


MSE - Definition

6

MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated

(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being

estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the

receiver does not account for information that could produce a

more accurate estimated RSL

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To simplify….

7

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how

many can fit in….


The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability distribution function)

8

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many

parts differ from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm

width

Quantity

3

2

3

1

9 Expected value

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The difference from Expected value…

9

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value


width

Quantity

Error = + 6 mm

Error = - 3 mm

Error = + 2 mm

Error = 0 mm

Error = - 4 mm


Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences

10

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,

resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away


width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16

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Calculating MSE

11

To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:

16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13

The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes

width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16


Calculating MSE

12

When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect

condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0

10mm

width

Quantity

MSE determines how narrow / wide the “Bell” is

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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

13

Let us use QPSK (4QAM)

as an example:

QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal

2 possible states for Q signal

= 4 possible states for the

combined signal

The graph shows the expected

values (constellation) of the

received signal (RSL)

0001

1011

I

Q



14

The black dots represent the

expected values (constellation)

of the received signal (RSL)

The blue dots represent the

actual RSL

As indicated in the previous

example, we can say that the

bigger the errors are – the

harder it becomes for the

receiver to detect & recover the

transmitted signal

0001

1011

I

Q

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15

MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….

When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close tothe expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4



16

When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &

phase) is too far from theexpected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4

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Commissioning with MSE in EMS

17

When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE

is small

Actual values may be read

-34dB to -35dB

Bigger values will result in loss

of signal


MSE and ACM

18

When the errors is too big, we need

a stronger error correction

mechanism (FEC)

Therefore, we reduce the number

of bits per symbol allocated for data

and re-assign the extra bits forcorrection instead

For example –

256QAM has great capacity but

poor immune to noise

64QAM has less capacity but much

better immune for noise

ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation

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Triggering ACM with MSE

19

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link

When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required

modulation per radio to maintain service

Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold

0 QPSK -18

1 8PSK -16 -19

2 16QAM -17 -23

3 32QAM -21 -26

4 64QAM -24 -29

5 128QAM -27 -32

6 256QAM -30 -34

7 512QAM -32 -37

8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38

9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41

10 2048QAM -39

Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9

The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU

type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative


ACM & MSE: An example…

20

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with

respect to measured MSE.

As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:

MSE -39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profile 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profile 3

-41

-38

ACM

Profile

-37

-34

Downgrade

2048 QAM

Downgrade

1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM

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ACM & MSE: An Example

21

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will

switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.

When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM

waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to

switch back to the higher profile).

MSE ‐39 ‐36 ‐35

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8

‐41 ‐38

ACM

Profile

Thank You

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July 2014 version 2

Radio Link Parameters



Agenda

2

• MRMC

• TX & RX Frequencies

• Link ID

• RSL

• MSE• Current ACM Profile

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High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

3


IDU ODU IDUODU) ) )TSL RSL

Radio Link Parameters

4

To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters:

1. MRMC – Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)

2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every radio

3. Link ID – must be the same on both ends4. Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]

5. Unmute Transceiver – Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:

1. RSL – Received Signal Level [dBm] – nominal input level is required

2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]

3. Current ACM profile

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Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID

Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window

“Link ID Mismatch”

# 101

# 101

# 101

# 102“Link ID

Mismatch”

LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process

9


Questions?

10

Page 101


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Radio Link Setup Exercise

11

Thank You

Page 102


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July 2014, ver 2

Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC


Agenda

2

• Why ATPC?

• How does ATPC works?

• ATPC Vs. MTPC

• ATPC Configuration

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ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control

3

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies

significantly with time and environment.

This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,

and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.

• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

• Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)

Main Lobe

Side Lobe


ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control

1. Enable ATPC on both sites

2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)

3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)

4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level

5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level

6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration

ATPC

module

Radio

Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio

Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

‐

Site A Site B

TSL Adjustments

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

Monitored RSL

RSL

required

change

4

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ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF

MTPC

TSL A = 30dBmRSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBmRSL B = ?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)

FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B

5


ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)

ATPC

IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm

TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBm

RSL B =?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)

RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?

FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B

6

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ATPC Configuration

9

Thank You

10

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Page 108


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July 2014 version 2

Service Model in IP-20



Agenda

2

• IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities

• Service Model in General• What is a Service ?

• What is a Service point?

• Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes1. Point to Point Service

2. Multipoint Service

3. Management Service• Service Point in IP-20 Family

1. Pipe Service Point

2. Service Access Point (SAP)

3. Service Network Point (SNP)

4. Management Service Point (MNG)

• Service Points classification and attributes

• Examples for Services and Service points

• Logical VS. Physical Port

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IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities

3

• Up to 1025 services (1025 reserved for Management)• Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)• All service types:

• Multipoint (E-LAN)

• Point-to-Point (E-Line)

• Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)

• Smart Pipe

• Management

• 128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning perservice

• Split horizon between service points• Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and

MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress• High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncEand 1588v2

• Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchicalscheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level


IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities

4

• Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers

• Port based – Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype

• Service-based

• CoS-based

• Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG)

• Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4

• Enhanced


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Service model in General

5


What is a Service?

6

• A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces

• Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segmentswithin one logical network

• Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logicalports

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4

3

1

2

Service Model

7

Service #1

Service #2


Service points

8

Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the

service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.

Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or

egress interfaces.

The Route is your first service point

towards the bridge

Rails are second service point

towards the bridge

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4

3

1

2

What is a service point?

9

Service #1

Service #2

SP SP

SP SP

SPSP

Services in IP-20 Family

10

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IP-20 Services

11

IP20N supports the following services types:

1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P)

2. Multipoint Service (MP)

3. Management Service (MNG)

4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)

E-Tree services are planned for future release.


3

Point to Point Service (P2P)

12

• Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two

interfaces of the network element.

• When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed

to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules.

• This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require

MAC address-based learning or forwarding

41

2SAPPIPE

SAPPIPE

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Multipoint Service (MP)

13

• Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.

• When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the

service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and

based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.

• If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the

arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service

point.

3

41

2

SNP

SNP

S

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Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

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