HANDBOOKTOTHE
SITEINVENTORYRECORD
(68‐1Rev.15)
June30,2015
SouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropologyUniversityofSouthCarolina
Columbia,SC29208
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Introduction
Welcometothe2015revisionoftheSiteInventoryForm!Thoughthe1985revisionhasserveduswellfor30yearsnow,theArchSiteSteeringCommittee(http://www.scarchsite.org/about.aspx)feltsomekeychangeswereinorder.
Onlyonesubstantivechangehasbeenmade,anditinvolvestheterminologyusedfortheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacerecommendation(A.10.).Wehavereplaced“PotentiallyEligible”with“Eligible”and“ProbablyNotEligible”with“NotEligible.”Thischangealignsthesiteformwithexistingguidelinesformakingeligibilitydeterminations.Anothersetofchangesrelatestomakingtheformreadablebyacomputerthroughopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR).So,forexample,checkboxeshavebeenreplacedwithopentextfields.Pleaserefertotheguidelinesbelowforanappropriatelistoftermsforagivenfield.WealsohavepreparedtheformtobefillableinAdobepdf.
Asalways,pleaseconsiderthefollowingwhensubmittinginformationtotheSiteFilesoffice:
(A) SiteInventoryFormsmustbetypedorcompletedusingthefillablePDFprovidedonline.
(B) Photographs,diagrams,detailedmapsand/ordrawings
submittedwithacompletedSiteInventoryFormshouldbelabeledproperlywith permanentsitenumber,date,andobserver.
(C) SiteInventoryFormsshouldbecompletedandsubmittedas
quicklyaspossible.Formsshouldnotbewithheldpendingresultsofextensive testing,partialand/orfullscaleexcavation.Rememberthatasite inventoryformistheinitialdocumentationofthesite'slocationand generaldescription,notafinalreport.
(D) TheSouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropologywill
no longerassignblocksofsitenumbersinanticipationofsitediscoveryduringafieldproject. Sitenumberswillbeassignedonlyifandwhen actualsiteshavebeenidentified.
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FormCompletionNotesState: SouthCarolina,abbreviatedSC
County:self‐explanatory
SiteNumber: permanent,SCIAAassignedsitenumber
RecordedBy: self‐explanatory
Affiliation: nameofagencyand/ororganizationinvestigatorisemployedbyoraffiliatedwith.
Date: self‐explanatory
A. GENERALINFORMATION1. SiteName: self‐explanatory Project: name/titleofsurveyand/orprojectthroughwhichsitewaslocated.
2. USGSQuad:nameofquadmap Date: datemapwaspublishedorupdated/revised Scale: 7.5or15minute3. UTMZone:17(inSouthCarolina) Easting:preferablytheGPSEasting Northing:preferablytheGPSNorthing ReferenceDatum/Year:forexample,NAD27orWGS844. Othermapreferences:listanyotherspecialprojectmaps,historical
maps, o r countyroadmapsusedaslocationalreferences.5. Descriptivesitetype: ageneralstatementofthenatureofthesite.
Typicalcategorieswouldinclude:
Prehistoric Historic
lithicscatter historicscatterceramicscatter homesitequarrysite plantationshellring tradingpostmound industrial/manufacturingrockshelter milldamfishweir cemeteryisolatedfind roadother(specify) bridge‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ fort/palisadeIncludeknown earthworks/embankmenttribalaffiliation isolatedstructureremnant(Catawba,Cherokee,etc.) other(specify)
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐Includeknownaffiliation(Spanish,German,Dutch,etc)
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6. Archaeologicalinvestigation:Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate,forthehighestlevelof archaeologicalinvestigationundertakenatthetimeofformcompletion:survey,testing,orexcavation.
7. Propertyowner:self‐explanatory
Phonenumber:self‐explanatory
8. Address:self‐explanatory
9. Othersitedescriptions:assignedprovisionalnumbers,temporaryfieldnumbers,and/orothernamesassociatedwiththesite.
10. NationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesstatus(eligible,noteligible,
additionalwork):Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.
11. Levelofsignificance(national,state,orlocal):Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.
12. Justification:usedinconjunctionwithNRHPstatusandlevelof
significance. Thisshouldincludeabriefstatementofthesite'sstatusrelativetoNRHPeligiblity.
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B. ENVIRONMENTANDLOCATION
1. GeneralPhysiographicProvince:informationconcerningthegeneral locationofthesiteisrequestedinthissection. Thesearemostreadily interpretedusingthestandardgeologicaldivisionswithinSouthCarolina(seeFig.2).
a. LowerCoastalPlain:TheLowerCoastalPlainexpressesasurface thatisdominantlyoneofprimarytopography. Effectsoffluvialandeolianerosionsubsequenttooriginalemplacementaremostapparent landward,wherelargerlandformssuchasbarrierislandchainsandmarshsurfacescanbenoted,andleastapparentseaward,where individualstormbeachridgesarepresent. Sixterraceshavebeen recognizedontheLowerCoastalPlain:theWicomico(100ft.),the Penholoway(70ft.),theTalbot(40ft.),thePamlico(25ft.),thePrincessAnne(17ft.),andtheSilverBluff(8ft.)(Colquhoun1969:4)
Figure2. ProvincialmapofSouthCarolina(adaptedfromSouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommission)
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b. MiddleCoastalPlain:TheMiddleCoastalPlainsurfaceisoneinwhichfluvialandeolianerosionhasproceededtothepointthatprimary topographyisconfusing. Relicitsurfaceswhichregionallydepictalluvialfanordeltaic‐shapedlandformscanbevisualizedinexamining thetopography;butminorlandformscannotbeseenwithcertainty. At leastfourterraceslyinginbeltsroughlyparallelingtheAtlanticocean canbenoted: theHazelhurst(250ft.),theCoharie(215ft.),theSunderland(170ft.),andtheOkefenokee(140ft.)(Colquhoun1969:3‐4).
c. UpperCoastalPlain:TheUpperCoastalPlainliesbetweenapproximately550feetmaximumwhereitoverliesthePiedmontatthe FallLineandapproximately250feetminimumelevationseawardattheOrangeburgScarpwhereitliesincontactwiththeMiddleCoastal Plain. MiddleandLowerCoastalPlainterracesintrudeintotheUpper CoastalPlainalongmajorrivervalleys.
d. Piedmont:ThePiedmontisasub‐maturelydissectedplateaulyingbetweentheBlueRidgeMountainstothewestandtheUpperCoastal Plaintotheeast. Elevationsrangefrom200feetinrivervalleysnear theUpperCoastalPlainto700‐1500feetneartheBlueRidge. Althoughlowerandupperdesignationscanbemadeonthebasisof elevation,itisbesttoconsiderthePiedmontasasingleunitconsistingofbroadinterfluvesandlargerivervalleysdrainingtheBlueRidge Mountains(Trimble1974).
e. BlueRidgeMountains:TheBlueRidgeProvinceinSouthCarolina liesonthewesternextremeofthePiedmontandrangesinelevation from1500toover3000feet. Theprovinceischaracterizedbysteepmountainousterraindissectedbydeeplyentrenchedvalleys. Reliefin thisprovinceisextreme.
2. LandformLocation:Landformlocationreferstothephysiographyof
the immediatevicinityofthesite. Forthepurposesofthecurrentinventoryformrevision,theclassificationofsitelocationsisdividedin ataxonomicschemebasedonGeneralPhysiographicProvinces.Withineachprovincelandformsarepresentedwhichmostcommonly occur. Ifaspecificsitesettingdoesnotconformtoacertainclass,then indicateusingaverbaldescriptionofthenatureofthesetting.
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LowerCoastalPlaina. BarrierIsland
1. Duneridges2. Isolateddunes3. Interior4. Pondedge5. Interiormarshedge
Figure3.LowerCoastalPlain
b. SaltMarsh1. Marshplain2. Marshislands
c. Interior‐Riverine1. Island2. Floodplain/Bottomlan
d/Riverswamp3. Riverterrace
Figure5.Interior‐Riverine
Figure 4. Salt Marsh
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d. Interior‐Inter‐Riverine1. Plains2. Ridges3. Hills4. Backswamps
Figure6.Interior‐Inter‐Riverine
MiddleandUpperCoastalPlaina. Riverine
1. Island2. Riverlevee3. Floodplain/Bottomlan
d/Riverswamp4. Meanderscars(in
modernfloodplains)
5. Riverterraces6. Backswamp7. Carolinabayedges
Figure 7. Riverine
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b. Inter‐Riverine1. Ridgetop2. Ridge
sideslope
3. Ridgenose4. Ridgesaddle5. Carolina
bayedge
Piedmont
Figure8.Inter‐Riverine
1. Floodplain/Bottomland/Riverswamp
2. Ridgetop3. Ridgesideslope4. Hollow5. Saddle6. Ridgenose7. Island
Figure9.Piedmont
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BlueRidgeMountains1. Mountain
top(isolated)
2. Mountainslope3. Mountainridgetop4. Mountainridgeslope5. Mountainridgenose6. Stream
floodplainandcove
7. Mountainridgesaddle
Figure10. BlueRidge
MountainsSiteelevation(aboveMeanSeaLevel): self‐explanatory.
3. On‐sitesoiltype: descriptionofsoilbasedonin‐fieldobservation.The followingstandardsoildescriptionsarerecommended:
clay sand loamclay/loam silt loam/sansilty/clay silty/loam gravelsandy/clay/loam sandy/clay organicsandy/loam silty/clay/loam other
Soilclassification:basedonU.S.D.A.SoilConservationServiceSoilSurveyStudies
4. MajorRiverSystem(PeeDee,Santee,Ashley‐Combahee‐Edisto,Savannah): basedontheSouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommissionmajordrainagebasinclassification(S.C.WaterResourcesCommission1983:51‐53).
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Figure11. MajordrainagebasinsofSouthCarolina(adaptedfromS.
C.Water ResourcesCommission).
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Nearestriver/stream: recordnearestnamedbodyofwater(stream,river, lake,pond,etc.). Ifthesiteislocatedonanunnamedstream,givethenameofthenearestnamedbodyofwaterintowhichitflows.
5. Currentvegetation: Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.
6. Descriptionofgroundcover: self‐explanatory
C. SITE CHARACTERISTICS
1. Estimatedsitedimensions: self‐explanatory
2. Sitedepth: self‐explanatory
3. Culturalfeatures(typeandnumber): shouldincludesuchfeaturesas abovegroundstructures,structuralremains,hearths,pits,postmolds,burials,wells,priviesandsoforth.
4. Presenceof(middenfloralremains,faunalremains,shell,
charcoal): Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.
5. Humanskeletalremains: self‐explanatory
6. Generalsitedescription: verbaldescriptionofsitetoincludecommentson intrasitepatterningofartifactsandfeatures,specificon‐sitelandform descriptions,environmental/ecologicalobservations,andanyotherinformationpertinenttositecharacterization.
7. Verbaldescriptionoflocation:localarea‐specificdirectionsfor
locatingsite. This shouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththesketchmap.
ATTACH SITE MAP TO END OF FORM
D. ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS
Typeyesorleaveblank.
E. DATA RECOVERED
Totalnumberofartifacts: self‐explanatory.
ATTACH ARTIFACT INVENTORY TO END OF FORM
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F. DATA RECOVERY METHODS
1. Groundsurfacevisibility: Typeyesorleaveblank,asappropriate.2. Numberofpersonhoursspentcollecting: calculatedbymultiplying
numberofpersonscollectingbytotalnumberofhoursspentcollecting.
3. Descriptionofsurfacecollectionmethods:Typeyesorleaveblank,asappropriate.
Typegrid‐‐collectingfromwithingridcoordinatenetworkgrab‐‐expedient,non‐systematiccontrolledsampling‐‐leash,"skirmishline,"etc.other(specify)‐‐anyothermethodofsurfacecollection
Extent‐‐self‐explanatory
4. Descriptionoftestingmethods:MethodSystematic‐‐Unitplacedbygrid,measureddistance,etc. Non‐systematic‐‐Randomplacementoftestunits
TypeShovel,auger,posthole,etc.Givenumberofunitspereachsize(i.e.
number16,size40cmsq). Maximumdepthreferstomaximumdepthofdeepesttestunitpereach sizecategory.
5. Descriptionofexcavationunits:
Number,size,maximumdepthsameasaboveComments‐‐Includeoverallconfigurationofexcavationunits,orientation,andsoforth.
G. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
1. Presentlanduse:(Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate)
Agricultural‐‐toincludeallrowcrops,non‐rowcrops(grain),pasture,orchards,etc.
Forest‐‐self‐explanatoryFallow‐‐abandoned/oldfield
Residential,lowdensity‐‐ruralsettlement,"sparse"suburbansettlementResidential,highdensity‐‐highlypopulated,suburban,"centralcity"
Commercial‐‐toincludeshoppingcenters/malls,merchandising
establishments, storage,warehousing,etc.
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Industrial‐‐self‐explanatory
Other(specify)‐‐toincluderecreational(suchasparks,golfcourses,playgrounds),transportationsupportfacilities(airports,trainstations),government‐ownedreservations,mine/resourceextractionsites,andso forth.
2. Presentcondition/integrityofsite:
TypeIntact‐‐showsminimaldisturbance Damaged‐‐self‐explanatory
Extentofdamage‐‐Light,Moderate,Heavy Natureofdamage—(typeyesorleaveblank)self‐explanatory
3. Potentialimpactsandthreatstosite:
Potentialthreat‐‐self‐explanatoryNatureofthreat—(typeyesorleaveblank)
self‐explanatorywithexceptionofconstruction/development. Ifthreatisbyconstruction/development indicatesite'slocationwithrespecttopotentialdisturbance,i.e.
ImpactZone
directimpactzone‐sitewillbeimpactedbyconstruction/developmentindirectimpactzone‐susceptibletosecondaryimpactor impactrelatedtoconstructionactivities
outsideimpactzone‐withingeneralprojectareabutnot likelytosuffermajorimpacts
indeterminate‐self‐explanatory
4. Recommendationsforfurtherwork(survey,testing,excavations,archival): Typeyesorleaveblank.
5. References:Historic/archivaldocumentation—Typeyes,orleaveblank.Describe.Archaeologicaldocumentation‐—Typeyes,orleaveblank.Describe.
6. Additionalmanagementinformation/comments: othercommentsonsite status,ownership,impactstatus,etc.
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7. Locationofexistingcollections: self‐explanatory8. Locationofphotographs:self‐explanatory
9. Locationofspecialsamples:self‐explanatory
Typespecialsamples: shouldincludecarbon14,geological,pollen,floral,faunal,sedimentological,andsoforth.
Signatureofobserver/Date: self‐explanatory
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Colquhoun,Donald1969 GeomorphologyoftheLowerCoastalPlainofSouthCarolina.
SouthCarolinaStateDevelopmentBoard,DivisionofGeology15.
SouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommission1983 SouthCarolinaStateWaterAssessment. SCWRCReportNo.
140,Columbia,SouthCarolina.
SouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropology1980 HandbooktotheSiteInventoryRecord. Notebook12(1&2).
Trimble,StanleyWayne1974 Man‐inducedsoilerosiononthesouthernPiedmont1700‐1790.
SoilConservationSocietyofAmerica,Ankeny,Iowa.