Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization

Panos M. Pardalos • Ding-Zhu DuRonald L. GrahamEditors

Handbook ofCombinatorial Optimization

Second Edition

With 683 Figures and 171 Tables

EditorsPanos M. PardalosDepartment of Industrial andSystems EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA

Ding-Zhu DuDepartment of Computer ScienceThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, USA

Ronald L. GrahamDepartment of Computer Science andEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA

ISBN 978-1-4419-7996-4 ISBN 978-1-4419-7997-1 (eBook)ISBN Bundle 978-1-4614-3975-2 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7997-1Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942873

1st edition: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1999 (Volumes 1–3 and SupplementVolume A), 2005 (Supplement Volume B)2nd edition: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connectionwith reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being enteredand executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication ofthis publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of thePublisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violationsare liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date ofpublication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility forany errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, withrespect to the material contained herein.

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Preface

Many practical applications that include machines, people, or different resourcesthat are indivisible, give rise to optimization models with discrete decision variables.On the other hand, nonconvexities (e.g., complementarity) in optimization modelscan be formulated using discrete variables.

In past years, we witnessed several developments in combinatorial optimization.These developments came along with progress in related fields such as complexitytheory, approximation algorithms, as well as with advances in software andhardware technology.

The first edition of the Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization received awarm welcome from the scientific community. We are happy to introduce the secondedition of the Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization. Some material in the firstedition has been revised and several new chapters have been added.

We are grateful to all authors and referees for their valuable time. Moreover, wethank the publisher and the production team for helping with editing the handbook.We hope that this book will continue to be a helpful tool for individuals working inthe field of combinatorial optimization.

Acknowledgements. We would like to acknowledge the help of our students duringthe years of editing the handbook. We have also been partially supported byAir Force, NSF, and DTRA grants.

Panos M. PardalosDing-Zhu Du

Ronald L. Graham

v

Contents

Volume 1

A Unified Approach for Domination Problems on DifferentNetwork Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Thang N. Dinh, D. T. Nguyen and My T. Thai

Advanced Techniques for Dynamic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Wolfgang Bein

Advances in Group Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Yongxi Cheng

Advances in Scheduling Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Ming Liu and Feifeng Zheng

Algebrization and Randomization Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Liang Ding and Bin Fu

Algorithmic Aspects of Domination in Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Gerard Jennhwa Chang

Algorithms and Metaheuristics for Combinatorial Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Ilias S. Kotsireas

Algorithms for the Satisfiability Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311John Franco and Sean Weaver

Bin Packing Approximation Algorithms: Surveyand Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Edward G. Coffman, Janos Csirik, Gabor Galambos,Silvano Martello and Daniele Vigo

Binary Unconstrained Quadratic Optimization Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Gary A. Kochenberger, Fred Glover and Haibo Wang

vii

viii Contents

Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Elisa Pappalardo, Beyza Ahlatcioglu Ozkok and Panos M. Pardalos

Combinatorial Optimization in Data Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595Samira Saedi and O. Erhun Kundakcioglu

Combinatorial Optimization Techniques for Network-BasedData Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Oleg Shirokikh, Vladimir Stozhkov and Vladimir Boginski

Volume 2

Combinatorial Optimization in Transportation andLogistics Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Chrysafis Vogiatzis and Panos M. Pardalos

Complexity Issues on PTAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723Jianer Chen and Ge Xia

Computing Distances Between Evolutionary Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747Bhaskar DasGupta, Xin He, Tao Jiang, Ming Li, John Tromp,Lusheng Wang and Louxin Zhang

Connected Dominating Set in Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783Hongjie Du, Ling Ding, Weili Wu, Donghyun Kim,Panos M. Pardalos and James Willson

Connections Between Continuous and Discrete ExtremumProblems, Generalized Systems, and Variational Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835Carla Antoni, Franco Giannessi and Fabio Tardella

Coverage Problems in Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Mihaela Cardei

Data Correcting Approach for Routing and Location in Networks . . . . . . . . 929Boris Goldengorin

Dual Integrality in Combinatorial Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995Xujin Chen, Xiaodong Hu and Wenan Zang

Dynamical System Approaches to Combinatorial Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . 1065Jens Starke

Efficient Algorithms for Geometric Shortest PathQuery Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125Danny Z. Chen

Contents ix

Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155Hongwei Du, Xiuzhen Cheng and Deying Li

Equitable Coloring of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199Ko-Wei Lih

Faster and Space Efficient Exact Exponential Algorithms:Combinatorial and Algebraic Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249Dongxiao Yu, Yuexuan Wang, Qiang-Sheng Hua andFrancis C. M. Lau

Fault-Tolerant Facility Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293Hong Shen and Shihong Xu

Fractional Combinatorial Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311Tomasz Radzik

Volume 3

Fuzzy Combinatorial Optimization Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357Panos M. Pardalos, Emel Kızılkaya Aydogan, Feyza Gurbuz,Ozgur Demirtas and Birce Boga Bakirli

Geometric Optimization in Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415Weili Wu and Zhao Zhang

Gradient-Constrained Minimum Interconnection Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459Marcus Brazil and Marcus G. Volz

Graph Searching and Related Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511Anthony Bonato and Boting Yang

Graph Theoretic Clique Relaxations and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559Balabhaskar Balasundaram and Foad Mahdavi Pajouh

Greedy Approximation Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599Peng-Jun Wan

Hardness and Approximation of Network Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631My T. Thai, Thang N. Dinh and Yilin Shen

Job Shop Scheduling with Petri Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667Hejiao Huang, Hongwei Du and Farooq Ahmad

Key Tree Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713Minming Li

Linear Programming Analysis of Switching Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755Hung Q. Ngo and Thanh-Nhan Nguyen

x Contents

Map of Geometric Minimal Cuts with Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815Evanthia Papadopoulou, Jinhui Xu and Lei Xu

Max-Coloring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1871Julian Mestre and Rajiv Raman

Maximum Flow Problems and an NP-Complete Variant onEdge-Labeled Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913Donatella Granata, Raffaele Cerulli, Maria Grazia Scutella andAndrea Raiconi

Modern Network Interdiction Problems and Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1949J. Cole Smith, Mike Prince and Joseph Geunes

Network Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1989Samir Khuller and Balaji Raghavachari

Volume 4

Neural Network Models in Combinatorial Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027Mujahid N. Syed and Panos M. Pardalos

On Coloring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2095Weifan Wang and Yuehua Bu

Online and Semi-online Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2191Zhiyi Tan and An Zhang

Online Frequency Allocation and Mechanism Designfor Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2253Xiang-Yang Li and Ping Xu

Optimal Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2301Frank K. Hwang and Uriel G. Rothblum

Optimization in Multi-Channel Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2359Hongwei Du, Weili Wu, Lidong Wu, Kai Xing, Xuefei Zhang andDeying Li

Optimization Problems in Data Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2391Yan Shi, Weili Wu, Jiaofei Zhong, Zaixin Lu and Xiaofeng Gao

Optimization Problems in Online Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2455Jie Wang, You Li, Jun-Hong Cui, Benyuan Liu andGuanling Chen

Optimizing Data Collection Capacity in Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2503Shouling Ji, Jing (Selena) He and Yingshu Li

Contents xi

Packing Circles in Circles and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2549Zhao Zhang, Weili Wu, Ling Ding, Qinghai Liu and Lidong Wu

Partition in High Dimensional Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2585Zhao Zhang and Weili Wu

Probabilistic Verification and Non-approximability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2625Mario Szegedy and Kashyap Kolipaka

Protein Docking Problem as Combinatorial OptimizationUsing Beta-Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2685Deok-Soo Kim

Volume 5

Quadratic Assignment Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2741Rainer E. Burkard

Reactive Business Intelligence: Combining the Powerof Optimization with Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2815Roberto Battiti and Mauro Brunato

Reformulation–Linearization Techniques for DiscreteOptimization Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2849Hanif D. Sherali and Warren P. Adams

Resource Allocation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2897Naoki Katoh, Akiyoshi Shioura and Toshihide Ibaraki

Rollout Algorithms for Discrete Optimization: A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2989Dimitri P. Bertsekas

Simplicial Methods for Approximating Fixed Pointwith Applications in Combinatorial Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3015Chuangyin Dang

Small World Networks in Computational Neuroscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3057Dmytro Korenkevych, Jui-Hong Chien, Jicong Zhang, Deng-ShanShiau, Chris Sackellares and Panos M. Pardalos

Social Structure Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3089Kai Yang, Weili Wu, Wei Zhang, Tzuwei Hsu and Lidan Fan

Steiner Minimal Trees: An Introduction, Parallel Computation,and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3133Frederick C. Harris Jr. and Rakhi Motwani

Steiner Minimum Trees in E3: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications . . . . . 3179J. MacGregor Smith

xii Contents

Tabu Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3261Fred Glover and Manuel Laguna

Variations of Dominating Set Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3363Liying Kang

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3395

Contributors

Warren P. Adams Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University,Clemson, SC, USA

Beyza Ahlatcioglu Ozkok Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts andScience, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Farooq Ahmad Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore,Pakistan

Carla Antoni Naval Academy, Livorno, Italy

Emel Kızılkaya Aydogan Faculty of Engineering, Department of IndustrialEngineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Birce Boga Bakirli Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering,Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Balabhaskar Balasundaram School of Industrial Engineering and Management,Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA

Roberto Battiti LION Lab, Universita di Trento, and Lionsolver Inc., Trento, Italy

Wolfgang Bein Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, LasVegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

Dimitri P. Bertsekas Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

Vladimir Boginski Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, University ofFlorida, Shalimar, FL, USA

Anthony Bonato Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,Canada

Marcus Brazil Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

Mauro Brunato LION Lab, Universita di Trento, and Lionsolver Inc., Trento, Italy

Yuehua Bu Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua,People’s Republic of China

xiii

xiv Contributors

Rainer E. Burkard Institute of Optimization and Discrete Mathematics, GrazUniversity of Technology, Graz, Austria

Mihaela Cardei Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA

Raffaele Cerulli Department of Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano(SA), Italy

Gerard Jennhwa Chang Department of Mathematics, National TaiwanUniversity, Taipei, Taiwan

Danny Z. Chen Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofNotre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

Guanling Chen Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts,Lowell, MA, USA

Jianer Chen Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station, TX, USA

Xujin Chen Institute of Applied Mathematics, AMSS, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Xiuzhen Cheng Department of Computer Science, George Washington University,Washington, D.C., USA

Yongxi Cheng School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,People’s Republic of China

Jui-Hong Chien Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL, USA

Edward G. Coffman Department of Computer Science, Columbia University,New York, NY, USA

Janos Csirik Department of Computer Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence,University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

Jun-Hong Cui Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofConnecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

Chuangyin Dang Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Manage-ment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Bhaskar DasGupta University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

Ozgur Demirtas Department of Business Administration, Erciyes University,Kayseri, Turkey

Liang Ding Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas-PanAmerican, Edinburg, TX, USA

Ling Ding Institute of Technology, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma,WA, USA

Contributors xv

Thang N. Dinh Department of Computer Science, Information Science andEngineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Hongjie Du Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Hongwei Du Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology,Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Lidan Fan Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

John Franco School of Electronic and Computing Systems, University ofCincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Bin Fu Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas-Pan American,Edinburg, TX, USA

Gabor Galambos Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Science,University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

Xiaofeng Gao Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Joseph Geunes Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Franco Giannessi University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Fred Glover OptTek Systems, Inc, Boulder, CO, USA

Boris Goldengorin Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Donatella Granata Department of Statistics, Probability and Applied Statistics,University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Feyza Gurbuz Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering,Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Frederick C. Harris Jr. Department of Computer Science & Engineering,University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

Jing (Selena) He Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University,Kennesaw, GA, USA

Xin He Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The StateUniversity of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

Tzuwei Hsu Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Xiaodong Hu Institute of Applied Mathematics, AMSS, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

xvi Contributors

Qiang-Sheng Hua Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, TsinghuaUniversity, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Hejiao Huang Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology,Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Frank K. Hwang National Chiao Tung University (Retired), Hsinchu, People’sRepublic of China

Toshihide Ibaraki The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics, Kyoto,Japan

Shouling Ji Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta,GA, USA

Tao Jiang Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA, USA

Liying Kang Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai,People’s Republic of China

Naoki Katoh Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, GraduateSchool of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Samir Khuller Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, CollegePark, MD, USA

Deok-Soo Kim Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University,Seongdong-ku, Seoul, South Korea

Donghyun Kim Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, NorthCarolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA

Gary A. Kochenberger School of Business, University of Colorado, Denver,CO, USA

Kashyap Kolipaka Department of Computer Science, Rutgers, The StateUniversity of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA

Dmytro Korenkevych Industrial and System Engineering Department, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Ilias S. Kotsireas Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid LaurierUniversity, Waterloo, ON, Canada

O. Erhun Kundakcioglu Department of Industrial Engineering, University ofHouston, Houston, TX, USA

Manuel Laguna Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,USA

Francis C. M. Lau Department of Computer Science, The University of HongKong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

Contributors xvii

Lei Lei Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo,The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

Deying Li Department of Computer Science, Renmin University, Beijing,People’s Republic of China

Ming Li Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,ON, Canada

Minming Li Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

Xiang-Yang Li Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago, IL, USA

Yingshu Li Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta,GA, USA

You Li Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell,MA, USA

Ko-Wei Lih Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

Benyuan Liu Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts,Lowell, MA, USA

Ming Liu School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai,People’s Republic of China

Qinghai Liu College of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University,Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

Zaixin Lu Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Silvano Martello DEI “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Bologna,Italy

Julian Mestre School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney,Sydney, NSW, Australia

Rakhi Motwani Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University ofNevada, Reno, NV, USA

Hung Q. Ngo Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The StateUniversity of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

D. T. Nguyen Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Thanh-Nhan Nguyen Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo,The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

xviii Contributors

Foad Mahdavi Pajouh School of Industrial Engineering and Management,Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA

Evanthia Papadopoulou Faculty of Informatics, Universita della Svizzeraitaliana, Lugano, Switzerland

Elisa Pappalardo Dipartmento di Matematica e Informatica, Universita diCatania, Catania, Italy

Panos M. Pardalos Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Mike Prince Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Tomasz Radzik Department of Informatics, Kings College London, London, UK

Andrea Raiconi Department of Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano(SA), Italy

Balaji Raghavachari Department of Computer Science, The University of Texasat Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

Rajiv Raman Indraprasta Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India

Uriel G. Rothblum Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Science,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Chris Sackellares Research Department, Optima Neuroscience, Gainesville,FL, USA

Samira Saedi Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Houston,Houston, TX, USA

Maria Grazia Scutella Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa,Pisa, Italy

Hong Shen School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide,SA, Australia

School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Yilin Shen Department of Computer Science, Information Science andEngineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Hanif D. Sherali Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering (0118),Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Yan Shi Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Universityof Wisconsin - Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA

Deng-Shan Shiau Research Department, Optima Neuroscience, Alachua,FL, USA

Contributors xix

Akiyoshi Shioura Department of System Information Sciences, Graduate Schoolof Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Oleg Shirokikh Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA

J. Cole Smith Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA

J. MacGregor Smith Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

Jens Starke Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, TechnicalUniversity of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Vladimir Stozhkov Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Mujahid N. Syed Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL, USA

Mario Szegedy Department of Computer Science, Rutgers, The State Universityof New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA

Zhiyi Tan Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’sRepublic of China

Fabio Tardella Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

My T. Thai Department of Computer Science, Information Science andEngineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

John Tromp CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Daniele Vigo DEI “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Chrysafis Vogiatzis Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Marcus G. Volz TSG Consulting, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Peng-Jun Wan Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago, IL, USA

Haibo Wang College of Business Administration, Texas A&M InternationalUniversity, Laredo, TX, USA

Jie Wang Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell,MA, USA

Lusheng Wang Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong

Weifan Wang Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua,People’s Republic of China

xx Contributors

Yuexuan Wang Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, TsinghuaUniversity, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Sean Weaver U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. George G. Meade, MD, USA

James Willson Department of Computer Science, The University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM, USA

Lidong Wu Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Weili Wu Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Ge Xia Department of Computer Science, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA

Kai Xing Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Jinhui Xu Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University atBuffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

Lei Xu Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo,The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

Ping Xu Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology,Chicago, IL, USA

Shihong Xu School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide,SA, Australia

Boting Yang Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina,SK, Canada

Kai Yang Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Dongxiao Yu Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

Wenan Zang Department of Mathematics, The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong

An Zhang Institute of Operational Research and Cybernetics, Hangzhou DianziUniversity, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Jicong Zhang Industrial and System Engineering Department, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Louxin Zhang Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore,Singapore

Wei Zhang Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas,Richardson, TX, USA

Contributors xxi

Xuefei Zhang Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas atDallas, Richardson, TX, USA

Zhao Zhang College of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University,Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

Feifeng Zheng Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, DonghuaUniversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jiaofei Zhong Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University ofCentral Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA