Hany H. Ammar

Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Jan. 5, 2011 1

Hany H. Ammar

LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering

West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,

Cloud Computing as an IT BusinessA Presentation

Arab Academy of Science and Technology, College of Management and Technology, The Business Information Systems

(BIS) department, Alexandria, Egypt, Jan 5, 2011

الرحيم الرحمن الله بسمالله رسول على والسالم والصالة ، لله الحمد

Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Jan. 5, 20112

OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?– Examples of Campus clouds

• Benefits of Cloud Computing, – What can we do with Cloud Computing?

• Challenges of Cloud Computing

• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions

Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Jan. 5, 2011 3Cloud 3

Our Research Team on Cloud Computing

Faculty:• Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University• Dr Mohamed Saleh, Qatar University• Prof. Sief Haridi, Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. Hesham

Hassan, Dr Sherif Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University

• Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and Techology, Alexandria, Egypt

Students: Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud


What is Cloud Computing


What is Cloud Computing Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity

of any society,

Particularly important are computing resources• e-banking, e-government, e-learning, e-commerce, e-social

To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner.

The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing.


What is Cloud ComputingUtility Computing

Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)

Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants

Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use optionAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service

provides resizable compute capacity in the cloudDesigned to make web-scale computing easier for

developers.


What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing

Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources.

Applications usually accessed via a web browser.

User data typically stored on provider's file systems.

Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user. Example: gmail servers are concealed from users

Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)


What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing

A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers. Usually co-located.

A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers. While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could

be borrowed from idle desktop computers. A grid middleware system is needed to support the

development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf


OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,

– What can we do with Cloud Computing?




Example: University of Florida Campus Grid


Example: University of California Campus Grid


What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing

Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles

Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.

BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home (http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php)

Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)


What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing

Resource Sharing: Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization. Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual

sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization

Virtualization: Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and

database). Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too

Security: Grid: security is not seriously explored. Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized

environment


What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing

Usability: Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the

user. Grid: hard to manage

Payment model: Cloud use pay- per use model. Grid fixed rate per service.

Scalability Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability

Heterogeneity: Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous

hardware and software.


OUTLINE






Benefits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service

(XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Physical resource set (PRS):

is hardware dependent or vendor dependent

Virtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS

to run in multivendor cloud

Infrastructure-as-a-Service Providers



Benefits of Cloud Computing

Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or .NET

Platform as a service Providers



Benefits of Cloud Computing Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,

Software-as-a-Service Providers.



Benefits of Cloud Computing Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)

is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to do

Workers can work on-line and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs.

US-based CrowdFlower has introduced a cloud labor service that connects organizations searching for temporary workers to refugees in Kenya , The iPhone app helps a business outsource a basic task, such finding a phone number for marketing departments at various companies and entering them into a spread sheet. Workers in Kinya have completed 158,000 tasks, individuals earn as much as $28/week, 8 times what they get from typical jobs in a refugee camp”

Human-as-a-Service Providers


“In India Cloud Computing is projected to grow from a 50 Million industry in 2009 to a $15 Billion Industry in 2013”S. Greengard “Cloud Computing and Developing Nations,” Communications of the ACM, May 2010.


Benefits of Cloud ComputingThe Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture


Benefits of Cloud Computing

The Provided services in the Cloud are the following: Virtualized physical resources, Virtualized infrastructure, Virtualized middleware platforms Virtualized business applications

Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the

processing power of an expandable Grid computing system No need to buy a set of software or software licenses Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access

data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures

Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers.


OUTLINE






Challenges of Cloud Computing

Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers


Challenges of Cloud Computing

Service Providers: Development Services, or Build and Test Services, Software Engineering Methodologies and tools How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control costs,

manage security, or supplement resources during peak use

Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the deployment details from the user using virtualization,

Security and privacy are the biggest concerns Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for Multiple

Clouds. “if the utility models were adequate, the challenges to cloud

Computing could be solved with electricity-like solutions, but they can not”

Brynjolfsson et al, Communications of the ACM, May 2010


Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels


Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments


Challenges of Cloud ComputingModel-Driven Design

Interdisciplinary Development teams:

End-to-End Collaboration &

Change Management

Konstantinou et al

propose an approach and architecture for composition

and deployment of virtual software services in cloud environments.VTDC’09, June 15, 2009, Barcelona, Spain., ACM 978-1-60558-580-2/09/06


Challenges of Cloud ComputingCloud Management and Control


Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS

Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/

Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/


Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support

AbiCloud Supports SaaS

http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home


Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support

enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS

enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud infrastructures across multiple providers http://www.enstratus.com/

enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.

The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management.

ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/


Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS

Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.

The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/

Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud.http://www.kaavo.com/home


OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus Clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,





Making the case for Campus Clouds

College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure of computing resources in computing Labs

This infrastructure is under utilized (many students use laptops and Net Books)

Service Providers and Users are in need for inexpensive computing resources


Making the case for Campus Clouds

Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits: Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and

businesses Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of

cloud computing Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and

students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users

Provides stronger ties between academia and industry Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds


OUTLINE

• What is Cloud Computing ?– Examples of Campus clouds

• Benefits of Cloud Computing, – What can we do with Cloud Computing?




Conclusions

Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing resources

Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing.

Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service-Oriented Engineering)

Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers

Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research.


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