Warm up:
1. _____________ focuses on the most basic elements of human experience.
2. ____________focuses on goals of behavior in both humans and animals.
3. ____________looking at the WHOLE, rather than each separate piece.
HAPPY WEDNESDAY!
PSYCHOANALYTIC
Sigmund Freud“Our conscious experiences are only the tip of the
iceberg, that beneath the surface are primitive biological urges that are in confl ict with the requirements of society and morality.”
Let’s think.. How would this create conflict?
Psychoanalyst: studies unconscious motives/confl icts that determine how individuals think, act, and feel.
Methods- Free association, Dream analysis, Case study
FREE ASSOCIATION
Write down the first thought that comes to mind as I read from a list of words.
FREE ASSOCIATION
What can you determine about the person whose list you are reviewing?
Are their thoughts similar to yours?
What diffi culties are presented through this method for analyzing personalities?
BEHAVIORAL
Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner
Study of observable behavior, and responses to events in individuals environment
Focus on conditioning, stimulus, reinforcement
HUMANISTIC
Response to behavioral psychology
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Human nature is evolving and self-directed
Humans are NOT controlled by their environments/events
Believe each individual has potential to develop fully (personal growth) SELF-ACTUALIZATION
COGNITIVE
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky
Study how we process, store, retrieve, and use information
Also how this information influences our thinking/language/problem solving
Focus on perceptions, memories, expectations
BIOLOGICAL
Focuses on the impact of biology on behavior
Psychobiologists: study how brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our behavior
“Behavior is the result of our physiological makeup”
NATURE VS. NURTURE- NATURE!!!!!!
SOCIOCULTURAL
Our knowledge and ways of thinking/feeling/behaving depend on the culture you are a member of
Cultural Perspectives plays a huge role!Gender, Socioeconomic status may also play
a role in how you think/feel/behave
QUICK RUN THROUGH... AGAIN!
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-psychology.html#lesson
LET’S SEE…
Consider the following scenarios:
SCENARIO 1: You are attempting to fi gure out a way to teach your dog, Muffi n, how to turn off the lights. Each time Muffi n turns off the lights, you give her a treat.
-What type of approach would this be using?
SCENARIO 2: You are studying the genetics of your family to fi gure out what makes your mom and sister react the way they do to certain situations.
-What type of approach would this be using?
SCENARIO 3: You are examining diff erent culture values and beliefs to discover what makes French citizens behave diff erently than American citizens.
-What type of approach would this be using?
QUICK WRITE- ROUND ROBIN
1 sheet of paper
Each person is to write one similarity/difference they can draw from the different approaches to psychology.
PINK: Darian, Max, Destany, TristonPURPLE: DeMari, Robin, Mariah P., ZachORANGE: Kaylee, Emma, James, AdamLIGHT BLUE: Shamar, Maylin, Bailey,
BillyGREEN: Johnna, Iyanna, Hannah,
ChristenBLUE: Kahlil, Christopher, TerrainHEARTS: Lilia, Gavriella, Mariah, Holly
PLEASE FIND YOUR GROUP!
Warm up:
Which approach comes to mind for each of the following…
1. Unconscious mind, primitive urges vs. morality2. Self-actualization3. Brain, nervous system4. Socioeconomic, culture5. Observable behaviors,
reinforcement/punishment6. Memory, thought process
HAPPY THURSDAY!
WHO USES THIS?!
Page 24-28Divide your paper into 8 sections
At the top of each section, label the following…“Psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, developmental psychologist, educational psychologist, community psychologist, industrial psychologist, experimental psychologist”
In each section you are to draw an image illustrating the type of psychologist and what their focus is- BE CREATIVE!
GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Why study animals and humans?
GOAL #1 - DESCRIBE
Gather information about a behavior being studied
Present what is known
What is a behavior?
GOAL #2- EXPLANATION
Beyond just stating facts
WHY
Psychological principles- valid ideas about behavior
Proposed as a hypothesis
Complex explanations : THEORIES
GOAL #3- PREDICTION
AFTER knowledge has been accumulated
What is my dog going to do next?How will Lanae feel when her mom yells
at her?
Study past behaviors
GOAL #4- INFLUENCE
Basic science- research
How can what we already know help others?
Applied science- solve problems
HOW DO WE KNOW THIS IS ACCURATE?
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Facts are based on data through RESEARCH
1- Ask specific question2- Select your SAMPLE
REPRESENTATIVE VS. NONREPRESENTATIVE
RESEARCH
Avoid nonrepresentative: using random or stratified sample (each subgroup is represented)
How far can an average 50 year old man run?
Representative- includes a wide variety of 50 year old men
Nonrepresentative- includes a variety of 50 year old men, 95% who are marathon runners
METHODS
Naturalistic Observation- observes the individual/animal in their natural setting (unaware)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3np1TeltSU
What is a PRO about this method?
METHODS
Case Study- intensive study on one or more individuals
These can NOT be generalized!!!
METHODS
Surveys- many individuals asked a set of questions
METHODS
Longitudinal Study- Same group of individuals studied at set intervals for a
long range of time.
Focus on change in characteristics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-yKeJg-So
METHODS
Cross-Sectional Studies- data is collected from groups of different ages then compared
What might this type of study help psychologists figure out?
EXPERIMENTS
How would this differ from the previous research methods?
EXPERIMENTS
CONTROL the situationVariable-factor which is capable of
change
INDEPENDENT VS. DEPENDENTThe experimenter can change or alter
Experimental group is exposed to this variable
Changes in relation to the independent variable (if there is an affect)
PSYCHOLOGISTS!
