Happy Wednesday!!!Happy Wednesday!!!
Take out your progressive packets so I can come around and stamp them
I will be collecting your Progressivism stamp sheet before you take the QUIZ
Did you know: your eyeballs are 3.5% salt
Take out your progressive packets so I can come around and stamp them
I will be collecting your Progressivism stamp sheet before you take the QUIZ
Did you know: your eyeballs are 3.5% salt
Imperialism and WWIImperialism and WWI
Imperialism and the Spanish-American War
Imperialism and the Spanish-American War
ImperialismImperialism
A policy in which a stronger nation works to create an empire
Mid 1800s-early 1900sStronger countries dominate weaker
nations/territories economically, politically, culturally and militarily
Factors that influence imperialism:Economic, nationalist, military and
“humanitarian”
A policy in which a stronger nation works to create an empire
Mid 1800s-early 1900sStronger countries dominate weaker
nations/territories economically, politically, culturally and militarily
Factors that influence imperialism:Economic, nationalist, military and
“humanitarian”
Economic FactorsEconomic Factors
An overall desire for raw materials and natural resources
By the late 1800s, Americans had more food and good than they could consumeNew markets could solve this problemNew resources
US could gain political influence by investing in other countries
An overall desire for raw materials and natural resources
By the late 1800s, Americans had more food and good than they could consumeNew markets could solve this problemNew resources
US could gain political influence by investing in other countries
Nationalistic FactorsNationalistic Factors
Imperialists use ideas of racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify imperialismSocial Darwinism- certain nations and races were
superior to others and were destined to rule over inferior peoples and culture
Americans feared the US was losing vitality, energy and spiritA quest for a larger empire could restore the
countryMONROE DOCTRINE (1823)- no Euro intervention
in Western Hemisphere
Imperialists use ideas of racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify imperialismSocial Darwinism- certain nations and races were
superior to others and were destined to rule over inferior peoples and culture
Americans feared the US was losing vitality, energy and spiritA quest for a larger empire could restore the
countryMONROE DOCTRINE (1823)- no Euro intervention
in Western Hemisphere
Military FactorsMilitary Factors
To expand and protect their interests around the world imperialist nations built up their military strength
Alfred T Mahan- naval officer and called on the US to build a modern naval fleetsteam powered, steel-hulled ships to
protect overseas tradeBy 1900, US had 3rd largest Navy
To expand and protect their interests around the world imperialist nations built up their military strength
Alfred T Mahan- naval officer and called on the US to build a modern naval fleetsteam powered, steel-hulled ships to
protect overseas tradeBy 1900, US had 3rd largest Navy
“Humanitarian” Factors“Humanitarian” Factors
Colonial officials, doctors, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread “blessings” of Western civilization
US used Social Darwinism to justify expansionBelieved it was nation’s destiny to spread
democracy and ChristianityTo “civilize the uncivilized”Super ethnocentric
Colonial officials, doctors, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread “blessings” of Western civilization
US used Social Darwinism to justify expansionBelieved it was nation’s destiny to spread
democracy and ChristianityTo “civilize the uncivilized”Super ethnocentric
Eyes on the PrizeEyes on the Prize
Americans who pursued expansion focused on:Latin AmericaIslands in the PacificChina
Americans who pursued expansion focused on:Latin AmericaIslands in the PacificChina
Opening up JapanOpening up Japan
Matthew Perry- US naval commodore who successfully open Japan up to trade with the US in 1854Allowed the US to expand in the
Pacific with trade and naval bases
Matthew Perry- US naval commodore who successfully open Japan up to trade with the US in 1854Allowed the US to expand in the
Pacific with trade and naval bases
Involvement in Latin America
Involvement in Latin America
US had strong interest there as a result of the Monroe DoctrineStated that the US would oppose efforts
by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere
Within the US a sense of intense national pride and desire for an aggressive foreign policy developedjingoism
US had strong interest there as a result of the Monroe DoctrineStated that the US would oppose efforts
by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere
Within the US a sense of intense national pride and desire for an aggressive foreign policy developedjingoism
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
Marked the start of US ImperialismWar began after the American
demand for Spain's peaceful resolution of the Cuban fight for independence was rejected
Marked the start of US ImperialismWar began after the American
demand for Spain's peaceful resolution of the Cuban fight for independence was rejected
What Led to US involvement?
What Led to US involvement?
Yellow Journalism- newspapers used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories to promote readershipPulitzer and Hurst were main sourcesEncouraged Americans to sympathize
with Cuban rebels who were compared to the patriots of the American Revolution
Yellow Journalism- newspapers used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories to promote readershipPulitzer and Hurst were main sourcesEncouraged Americans to sympathize
with Cuban rebels who were compared to the patriots of the American Revolution
What led to US involvement?
What led to US involvement?deLome Letter- American
newspapers printed a letter from Spanish Ambassador that called President McKinley “weak”
U.S.S. Maine- battleship sent to Havana when riots broke out to rescue American citizensExploded in the harbor and sank, killing
over 250 AmericansBlamed the Spanish and called for war
deLome Letter- American newspapers printed a letter from Spanish Ambassador that called President McKinley “weak”
U.S.S. Maine- battleship sent to Havana when riots broke out to rescue American citizensExploded in the harbor and sank, killing
over 250 AmericansBlamed the Spanish and called for war
The Spanish-American War
The Spanish-American WarCongress recognized Cuban
independenceAuthorized force against SpainBegan in April 1898
Teller Amendment- stated that the US had no intention of annexing (taking) Cuba
US destroyed Spain's entire pacific fleetAmerican troops invaded Cuba
Congress recognized Cuban independenceAuthorized force against SpainBegan in April 1898
Teller Amendment- stated that the US had no intention of annexing (taking) Cuba
US destroyed Spain's entire pacific fleetAmerican troops invaded Cuba
Rough Riders and San Juan Hill
Rough Riders and San Juan Hill
Teddy Roosevelt led 1st volunteer Cavalry known as the Rough RidersIncluded cowboys, miners, policemen,
and college athletesTR and the RR charged up San
Juan HillMost famous incident in war Spanish surrendered shortly after
Teddy Roosevelt led 1st volunteer Cavalry known as the Rough RidersIncluded cowboys, miners, policemen,
and college athletesTR and the RR charged up San
Juan HillMost famous incident in war Spanish surrendered shortly after
“A Splendid Little War”- Sec. of State John Hay“A Splendid Little War”- Sec. of State John Hay
Treaty of ParisSigned in December 1898 to end the
warSpain recognized Cuban IndependenceUS gained Guam and Puerto RicoUS purchases Philippines for $20 million
dollars(Teller Amendment prevented US from
taking Cuba)
Treaty of ParisSigned in December 1898 to end the
warSpain recognized Cuban IndependenceUS gained Guam and Puerto RicoUS purchases Philippines for $20 million
dollars(Teller Amendment prevented US from
taking Cuba)
CubaCuba
Platt Amendment- set of conditions under which Cuba was granted independence in 1902Added to Cuban ConstitutionIncluded restrictions on rights of
CubansGranted the US the right to intervene
to preserve order in Cuba
Platt Amendment- set of conditions under which Cuba was granted independence in 1902Added to Cuban ConstitutionIncluded restrictions on rights of
CubansGranted the US the right to intervene
to preserve order in Cuba
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
Foraker Act- law establishing a civil government in Puerto RicoPuerto Rico had been under direct US
military ruleAct authorized the US president to
appoint a governor and part of the legislature
Foraker Act- law establishing a civil government in Puerto RicoPuerto Rico had been under direct US
military ruleAct authorized the US president to
appoint a governor and part of the legislature
US in Latin AmericaUS in Latin America
President Roosevelt wanted to build a canal across isthmus of PanamaWould provide a shorter route between
Atlantic and PacificMake shipping fasterEase naval transportation
1st tried to purchase land from Columbia (owned Panama at the time)Columbia would not sell
President Roosevelt wanted to build a canal across isthmus of PanamaWould provide a shorter route between
Atlantic and PacificMake shipping fasterEase naval transportation
1st tried to purchase land from Columbia (owned Panama at the time)Columbia would not sell
Panama CanalPanama Canal
America started revolt for Panamanian IndependenceGave aid to Panamanians Angered many Americans
US paid Panama $10 million for the canal zone, leased land for $250,000 each year for 99 years
US paid Columbia $25 million for lost territory
Opens in 1914 (as war breaks out)
America started revolt for Panamanian IndependenceGave aid to Panamanians Angered many Americans
US paid Panama $10 million for the canal zone, leased land for $250,000 each year for 99 years
US paid Columbia $25 million for lost territory
Opens in 1914 (as war breaks out)
US Acquires Alaska US Acquires Alaska
William Seward, Sec. Of State under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson was a big supporter of imperialism
In 1867, Seward arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 millionSome people thought it was silly and called it
“Seward's icebox” or “Seward's folly”Alaska didn’t become a state until 1959Alaska was rich in timber, minerals and oil
William Seward, Sec. Of State under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson was a big supporter of imperialism
In 1867, Seward arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 millionSome people thought it was silly and called it
“Seward's icebox” or “Seward's folly”Alaska didn’t become a state until 1959Alaska was rich in timber, minerals and oil
HawaiiHawaii
Important stepping stone to AsiaOverthrew Queen LiliuokalaniAnnexed in 1898Became the 50th state in 1959
Important stepping stone to AsiaOverthrew Queen LiliuokalaniAnnexed in 1898Became the 50th state in 1959
An Open Door to ChinaAn Open Door to China
European nations and the US were interested in creating “spheres of influence”- areas of economic and political control (by an outside pwr) in ChinaBritain, France, Germany, and Russia
had carved China into spheres of influence to avoid competing for tradeThreatened to limit US trade in China
European nations and the US were interested in creating “spheres of influence”- areas of economic and political control (by an outside pwr) in ChinaBritain, France, Germany, and Russia
had carved China into spheres of influence to avoid competing for tradeThreatened to limit US trade in China
Leave the Door OpenLeave the Door Open
John Hay (US Sec of State) proposed the Open Door Policy to keep trade open for the Americans who were too late to the party
Favored open trade relations between China and other nations
Would ensure that the US would have equal access to China’s consumers
Rejected by many European counties
John Hay (US Sec of State) proposed the Open Door Policy to keep trade open for the Americans who were too late to the party
Favored open trade relations between China and other nations
Would ensure that the US would have equal access to China’s consumers
Rejected by many European counties
Boxer RebellionBoxer RebellionPresence of foreigners caused
resentment and some in China joined secret societiesCelebrated traditional customs and
criticized western waysOne society (the Boxers) killed foreign
missionaries in May 1900 and more violence broke out
Prompted the gov’ts of Europe and America to send troops to stop the rebellionFueled Chinese nationalism
Presence of foreigners caused resentment and some in China joined secret societiesCelebrated traditional customs and
criticized western waysOne society (the Boxers) killed foreign
missionaries in May 1900 and more violence broke out
Prompted the gov’ts of Europe and America to send troops to stop the rebellionFueled Chinese nationalism
Imperialism PoliciesImperialism Policies
Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”Creating and using, when necessary, a
strong military to achieve America’s goalsRoosevelt Corollary- 1904 extension of
Monroe DoctrineAsserted the right of the US to intervene in
Latin American nations US became an “International police force” (TR)
Steps in when countries seem unstable
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”Creating and using, when necessary, a
strong military to achieve America’s goalsRoosevelt Corollary- 1904 extension of
Monroe DoctrineAsserted the right of the US to intervene in
Latin American nations US became an “International police force” (TR)
Steps in when countries seem unstable
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Imperialism Policies continued
Imperialism Policies continued
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy- “Substituting dollars for bullets”Not as aggressive as TRWorked to maintain the open door to Asia
and preserve stability in Latin AmericaEncouraged American investments
abroad to maintain orderPay off countries debts to Europe to
remove European threatsDidn’t always have the best results
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy- “Substituting dollars for bullets”Not as aggressive as TRWorked to maintain the open door to Asia
and preserve stability in Latin AmericaEncouraged American investments
abroad to maintain orderPay off countries debts to Europe to
remove European threatsDidn’t always have the best results
Imperialism Policies continued
Imperialism Policies continued
Wilson’s Moral DiplomacyThe US would not use force to assert
influence on the world but would instead promote human rights
Attempted to change the direction of foreign policy instead of seeking additional territories
Still forced to use military in some areas
Wilson’s Moral DiplomacyThe US would not use force to assert
influence on the world but would instead promote human rights
Attempted to change the direction of foreign policy instead of seeking additional territories
Still forced to use military in some areas
Happy Tuesday!!!Happy Tuesday!!!
You had no homework!!!
Did you know: Giraffes are unable to cough
You had no homework!!!
Did you know: Giraffes are unable to cough
Imperialism and WWIImperialism and WWI
US Involvement in WWIUS Involvement in WWI
Causes of WWI (1914-1918)
Causes of WWI (1914-1918)Militarism Alliances Imperialism
NationalismMilitarism- During the 1800s militarism had
increased around the world, making nations eager to use military force. Most nations had built massive armies and navies with the latest technology. Britain and Germany had the biggest arms race.
Alliances- Europe was made up of a system of alliances that kept the balance of power in Europe. Nations agreed to defend each other if attacked. This meant that a war between two nations could escalate into a global conflict.
Militarism Alliances Imperialism
NationalismMilitarism- During the 1800s militarism had
increased around the world, making nations eager to use military force. Most nations had built massive armies and navies with the latest technology. Britain and Germany had the biggest arms race.
Alliances- Europe was made up of a system of alliances that kept the balance of power in Europe. Nations agreed to defend each other if attacked. This meant that a war between two nations could escalate into a global conflict.
Causes ContinuedCauses ContinuedImperialism- The European powers, Russia and
Japan competed from economic power in the 1800s. France and Germany competed for colonial gain in Africa, while Britain and Germany competed industrially. Because of their mutual competition with Germany,
Britain and France formed close ties with each other.
Nationalism- Aggressive nationalism was the source of tension throughout Europe. Many French people wanted to take revenge against Germany and regain Alsace and Lorraine. Because of nationalism, the region of the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.
Imperialism- The European powers, Russia and Japan competed from economic power in the 1800s. France and Germany competed for colonial gain in Africa, while Britain and Germany competed industrially. Because of their mutual competition with Germany,
Britain and France formed close ties with each other.
Nationalism- Aggressive nationalism was the source of tension throughout Europe. Many French people wanted to take revenge against Germany and regain Alsace and Lorraine. Because of nationalism, the region of the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.
Nationalism Definition Nationalism Definition
Devotion to the interest in your own country
Devotion to the interest in your own country
The War Begins~ The Spark
The War Begins~ The SparkNot surprisingly, WWI began in Bosnia,
which was the heart of the ethnically diverse Balkan power keg. Although inhabited by many Serbs, Bosnia was not ruled by Serbia, but by Austria.
When Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, traveled through Bosnia in June 1914, he was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavirilo Princip. The assassination of Ferdinand is known as the “spark” that started the Great War.
Not surprisingly, WWI began in Bosnia, which was the heart of the ethnically diverse Balkan power keg. Although inhabited by many Serbs, Bosnia was not ruled by Serbia, but by Austria.
When Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, traveled through Bosnia in June 1914, he was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavirilo Princip. The assassination of Ferdinand is known as the “spark” that started the Great War.
German War Plan- Schlieffen Plan
German War Plan- Schlieffen Plan
Germany was faced with a two front war in 1914, with Russia to the east and France to the west. German army general Schlieffen organized a battle plan designed to take on both France and Russia.
The idea was to quickly defeat France first, and the defeat the Russians. German generals predicted Russia would be slow to mobilize due to a lack of industrialization and a shortage of railroads.
Germany was faced with a two front war in 1914, with Russia to the east and France to the west. German army general Schlieffen organized a battle plan designed to take on both France and Russia.
The idea was to quickly defeat France first, and the defeat the Russians. German generals predicted Russia would be slow to mobilize due to a lack of industrialization and a shortage of railroads.
German War Plan continued
German War Plan continued
In order for the plan to work, German armies had to march through neutral Belgium, which was protected by Great Britain. Once Germany invaded Belgium, GB declared war.
Just as planned, Germany swept through Belgium. However, Russia mobilized much quicker than expected. To fight the Russians, Germany had to divert some of its forces to the east, which weakened their forces on the western front.
In order for the plan to work, German armies had to march through neutral Belgium, which was protected by Great Britain. Once Germany invaded Belgium, GB declared war.
Just as planned, Germany swept through Belgium. However, Russia mobilized much quicker than expected. To fight the Russians, Germany had to divert some of its forces to the east, which weakened their forces on the western front.
Horrors of WarHorrors of WarTrench Warfare led to all types of new
horrors on and off the battlefield. Many soldiers suffered from shell shock (combination of lack of sleep and the horrible conditions).
The trenches were filthy; infested with rats, polluted water, gas, dead bodies. Men would now be at risk of trench foot from standing in cold, damp mud and not changing socks
Trench Warfare led to all types of new horrors on and off the battlefield. Many soldiers suffered from shell shock (combination of lack of sleep and the horrible conditions).
The trenches were filthy; infested with rats, polluted water, gas, dead bodies. Men would now be at risk of trench foot from standing in cold, damp mud and not changing socks
Wilson Urges NeutralityWilson Urges Neutrality
Officially the US remained neutral and preferred to maintain their tradition of isolation from European disputes.
Cultural Ties- the US had more similarities with the Allies than with the Central Powers (Allies: GB, FR, Russia (kinda), IT----- Central: Germ, Aust-Hung, Ottoman Empire)
Officially the US remained neutral and preferred to maintain their tradition of isolation from European disputes.
Cultural Ties- the US had more similarities with the Allies than with the Central Powers (Allies: GB, FR, Russia (kinda), IT----- Central: Germ, Aust-Hung, Ottoman Empire)
Neutrality Gives Way to War
Neutrality Gives Way to War
In 1917, the neutral United States declared war on Germany for several reasons:
1.Unrestricted submarine warfare- Germany began sinking allied ships by using its U-Boats, or submarines.
2.Lusitania- the Germans sunk the large ocean liner, and did not halt unrestricted submarine warfare Americans on board
In 1917, the neutral United States declared war on Germany for several reasons:
1.Unrestricted submarine warfare- Germany began sinking allied ships by using its U-Boats, or submarines.
2.Lusitania- the Germans sunk the large ocean liner, and did not halt unrestricted submarine warfare Americans on board
3. Zimmerman Note- The British intercepted a message from Arthur Zimmermann, the German Foreign Minister, to his ambassador in Mexico
Zimmermann asked for Mexican support and promised that in return Germany would help Mexico conquer New Mexico, Texas and Arizona
Historical Significance: These 3 actions by Germany made it so Wilson could no longer call for peace.
3. Zimmerman Note- The British intercepted a message from Arthur Zimmermann, the German Foreign Minister, to his ambassador in Mexico
Zimmermann asked for Mexican support and promised that in return Germany would help Mexico conquer New Mexico, Texas and Arizona
Historical Significance: These 3 actions by Germany made it so Wilson could no longer call for peace.
America Mobilizes for WarAmerica Mobilizes for WarWhen the US entered WWI, the U.S. Army was
only a fraction of the size of European armies. President Wilson encouraged Americans to volunteer for service and pushed Congress to pass the Selective Service Act (military draft)
24 million registered for the draft and 3 million were drafted.
500,000 women joined the workforce for the first time
400,000 African Americans left the rural South for industrial jobs in the North
When the US entered WWI, the U.S. Army was only a fraction of the size of European armies. President Wilson encouraged Americans to volunteer for service and pushed Congress to pass the Selective Service Act (military draft)
24 million registered for the draft and 3 million were drafted.
500,000 women joined the workforce for the first time
400,000 African Americans left the rural South for industrial jobs in the North
War Industries BoardWar Industries Board
The WIB was headed up by Bernard M. Baruch. The WIB encouraged factories to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency and set price controls on products.
Effect of the WIB: Wages went up but the cost of living went way up because of the rising cost of food and housing.
The WIB was headed up by Bernard M. Baruch. The WIB encouraged factories to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency and set price controls on products.
Effect of the WIB: Wages went up but the cost of living went way up because of the rising cost of food and housing.
Committee on Public Information
Committee on Public InformationPropaganda department headed by
George Creel. The CPI designed, printed and distributed millions of posters that dramatized the needs of America and its allies.
Creel and the CPI’s job was to combine education and widespread advertising to “sell America”. The CPI also stressed the cruelty and wickedness of the enemy (specifically Germany)
Propaganda department headed by George Creel. The CPI designed, printed and distributed millions of posters that dramatized the needs of America and its allies.
Creel and the CPI’s job was to combine education and widespread advertising to “sell America”. The CPI also stressed the cruelty and wickedness of the enemy (specifically Germany)
CPI ContinuedCPI ContinuedCreel and the CPI conducted the
greatest sales job ever! Governments were left to find ways to make the war popular for their citizens- besides songs they also used art. Propaganda posters were widespread and targeted all sorts of groups.
Effects of CPI- new policiesWork or Fight!“Sweetless, Meatless, Wheatless, and
Heatless”Victory Gardens
Creel and the CPI conducted the greatest sales job ever! Governments were left to find ways to make the war popular for their citizens- besides songs they also used art. Propaganda posters were widespread and targeted all sorts of groups.
Effects of CPI- new policiesWork or Fight!“Sweetless, Meatless, Wheatless, and
Heatless”Victory Gardens
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Much like in 1798 America created laws to arrest anyone who spoke out against the war. Punishment included $10,000 fine and 20 years of imprisonment. Eugene Debs (Socialist Party) gave a mildly antiwar speech and received a 10- year prison term in federal prison
Much like in 1798 America created laws to arrest anyone who spoke out against the war. Punishment included $10,000 fine and 20 years of imprisonment. Eugene Debs (Socialist Party) gave a mildly antiwar speech and received a 10- year prison term in federal prison
Schenck v. USSchenck v. USFacts: Charles Schenck violated the
Espionage Act, which made it a crime to cause refusal of duty in the military. Schenck had distributed pamphlet urging men to resist the military draft.
Issue: Schenck’s appeal to the SC argued that his actions were protected by the 1st Amendment
Decision: the Court said that in times of war the government may place limitations on freedom of speech.
Facts: Charles Schenck violated the Espionage Act, which made it a crime to cause refusal of duty in the military. Schenck had distributed pamphlet urging men to resist the military draft.
Issue: Schenck’s appeal to the SC argued that his actions were protected by the 1st Amendment
Decision: the Court said that in times of war the government may place limitations on freedom of speech.
Opposition and its Consequences
Opposition and its ConsequencesThe CPI posters and speeches
intensified by portraying Germany as the cruel enemy. Some Americans wrongly generalized that all German people were cruel. Americans stopped teaching German in public schools and we stopped playing Beethoven.Hamburgers= “Liberty Steaks”Dachshunds= “Liberty Pups”German Measles = “Liberty Measles”
The CPI posters and speeches intensified by portraying Germany as the cruel enemy. Some Americans wrongly generalized that all German people were cruel. Americans stopped teaching German in public schools and we stopped playing Beethoven.Hamburgers= “Liberty Steaks”Dachshunds= “Liberty Pups”German Measles = “Liberty Measles”
Flu EpidemicFlu Epidemic
An unusually deadly form of the influenza, or flu, virus appeared in the US. Historians believe that as many as 30 million worldwide died from the flu. 500,000 Americans were killed. Possibly spread by soldiers.
An unusually deadly form of the influenza, or flu, virus appeared in the US. Historians believe that as many as 30 million worldwide died from the flu. 500,000 Americans were killed. Possibly spread by soldiers.
The Tides TurnThe Tides Turn
Due to horrible military defeats, hunger and chaos within Russia, a communist revolution occurred against the Czar in 1917. Communist leader Vladimir Lenin pulled Russia out of the war, which greatly upset the other Allies.
Due to horrible military defeats, hunger and chaos within Russia, a communist revolution occurred against the Czar in 1917. Communist leader Vladimir Lenin pulled Russia out of the war, which greatly upset the other Allies.
Germany DefeatedGermany Defeated
The Germans are closing in on Paris, but the Americans come to the rescue. In 1918 the Allies slowly pushed the Germans back, who were exhausted of men and materials
The Germans are closing in on Paris, but the Americans come to the rescue. In 1918 the Allies slowly pushed the Germans back, who were exhausted of men and materials
America’s Greatest HeroAmerica’s Greatest Hero
Trapped behind enemy lines, Alvin York was being blistered with machine gun fire. York took out the machine gunner with his rifle and stormed the German position with only a pistol. York took the German position at amazing odds. York won the Congressional Medal of Honor
Trapped behind enemy lines, Alvin York was being blistered with machine gun fire. York took out the machine gunner with his rifle and stormed the German position with only a pistol. York took the German position at amazing odds. York won the Congressional Medal of Honor
US Gives the Allies the Edge
US Gives the Allies the Edge
Austria-Hungary surrendered first in 1918, which just leaves Germany. Soldiers for Germany deserted or just refused to fight anymore. Then Germany on 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 signed an armistice.
Austria-Hungary surrendered first in 1918, which just leaves Germany. Soldiers for Germany deserted or just refused to fight anymore. Then Germany on 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 signed an armistice.
Costs of WarCosts of War
The war cost the US $35.5 billion, which was to be paid by taxpayers and war bonds
The war cost the US $35.5 billion, which was to be paid by taxpayers and war bonds
The “Big Three”The “Big Three”Wilson wanted “peace without victory,”
and wanted defeated nations to be treated well to avoid a war of revenge in the future. Wilson introduced America’s goals his Fourteen Points, which were admired by the Germans, but not the other Allies.
Wilson wanted to eliminate the basic causes of war, such as conflicts over nationalism and imperialism. Wilson also called for an end to alliances, a reduction of military arms, and self-determination
Wilson wanted “peace without victory,” and wanted defeated nations to be treated well to avoid a war of revenge in the future. Wilson introduced America’s goals his Fourteen Points, which were admired by the Germans, but not the other Allies.
Wilson wanted to eliminate the basic causes of war, such as conflicts over nationalism and imperialism. Wilson also called for an end to alliances, a reduction of military arms, and self-determination
Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen PointsSelf- determination- the idea that
the people of Eastern Europe would choose their own form of government
Wilson also argued for the freedom of the seas and the formation of the League of Nations
League of Nations- A group of countries with the goal of settling disputes through negotiations rather than war
Self- determination- the idea that the people of Eastern Europe would choose their own form of government
Wilson also argued for the freedom of the seas and the formation of the League of Nations
League of Nations- A group of countries with the goal of settling disputes through negotiations rather than war
Fourteen PointsFourteen PointsGeorge Clemencu (FR), David Lloyd
George (GB) and Vittorio Orlando (IT) all said NO to Wilson’s 14 points b/c they thought it was too lenient on Germany
President Wilson succeeded in forming the LoN. The countries that joined the LoN promised to take cooperative economic and military actions against any aggressive country.
George Clemencu (FR), David Lloyd George (GB) and Vittorio Orlando (IT) all said NO to Wilson’s 14 points b/c they thought it was too lenient on Germany
President Wilson succeeded in forming the LoN. The countries that joined the LoN promised to take cooperative economic and military actions against any aggressive country.
Opposition to the LoN in the US
Opposition to the LoN in the US
Although it was Wilson’s idea, the US Congress led by Henry Cabot Lodge and the Republicans rejected the League b/c Americans feared it would pull them into future European wars. The lack of the US severely weakend the League
Although it was Wilson’s idea, the US Congress led by Henry Cabot Lodge and the Republicans rejected the League b/c Americans feared it would pull them into future European wars. The lack of the US severely weakend the League
The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of VersaillesGermany’s punishment in the Treaty can be
remembered as B.R.A.T. 1.Germany had to accept the BLAME for
starting the war in the form of a “war guilt” clause
2.Germany had to pay over $33 billion in REPARATIONS or fines
3.Germany was forbidden to have an ARMY over 100,000 men, no submarines, and no air force
4.Germany lost TERRITORY- establishment of 9 new nations
Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be remembered as B.R.A.T.
1.Germany had to accept the BLAME for starting the war in the form of a “war guilt” clause
2.Germany had to pay over $33 billion in REPARATIONS or fines
3.Germany was forbidden to have an ARMY over 100,000 men, no submarines, and no air force
4.Germany lost TERRITORY- establishment of 9 new nations
What happened to Russia?What happened to Russia?
Since Russia’s new communist government left the war early, they were not invited to Versailles. The Allies wanted to weaken Russia to keep communism from spreading westward
Since Russia’s new communist government left the war early, they were not invited to Versailles. The Allies wanted to weaken Russia to keep communism from spreading westward
Anger over VersaillesAnger over VersaillesMany Nations were upset with the ToV and felt
their goals had not been achieved:Germany- Horrified by their reparations,
reduced military and territorial lossesUS- felt the Treaty was too harsh on Germany
and the US Congress refused to approve it- signed separate treaty with Germany
Russia-angry they were not invited to Versailles
Historical significance: the treaty that ended the “war to end all wars” merely provided the motivation for WWII, just 20 years later
Many Nations were upset with the ToV and felt their goals had not been achieved:Germany- Horrified by their reparations,
reduced military and territorial lossesUS- felt the Treaty was too harsh on Germany
and the US Congress refused to approve it- signed separate treaty with Germany
Russia-angry they were not invited to Versailles
Historical significance: the treaty that ended the “war to end all wars” merely provided the motivation for WWII, just 20 years later
