1 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Industrial Ecology and Industrial Symbiosis: new concepts or new branding?! Prof. Dr.-Ing. Susanne Hartard Industrial Ecology Trier University of Applied Sciences – Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld 2 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Metabolic diseases (Simonis 2005) of the industrial society Non renewable base materials substance variety Synthetic substances toxic substances dissipation (energy) gaps in the metabolic cycle fossile energy carrier mass consumption 3 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Industrial (technical) revolution is one part of the future path Third industrial revolution Second industrial revolution First industrial revolution 4 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld • filtering • cycle economy • production integrated • product responsibility • life-cycle orientated • industrial ecology • zero emission additive integrated cooperative 5 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Industrial Ecology means going a way towards network thinking Cleaner production Life Cycle management Industrial Ecology MICRO MACRO chart: Helge Brattebø - NTNU - Industrial Ecology Programme 2002 www.bygg.ntnu.no/IndEcol 6 Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Industrial Ecology • between ecological and industrial processes • of industrial processes with natural biogeochemical cycles • of technosphere inbetween ecological sources and sinks • of biosphere and anthroposphere • with total sorrounding ressources, food cascades, recycling • industrial (energy, material resources, information): parks and networks • of societies (sustainable metabolism)
Transcript
1Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
PresentationIndustrial Ecology
and Industrial Symbiosis: new concepts or new branding?!
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Susanne HartardIndustrial Ecology
Trier University of Applied Sciences – Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
2Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Metabolic diseases (Simonis 2005)
of the industrial society
Non renewable
base materials
substance variety
Synthetic
substances
toxic substances
dissipation
(energy)
gaps in the
metabolic cycle
fossile energy
carrier
mass consumption
3Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Industrial (technical) revolution is
one part of the future path
Third industrialrevolution
Second industrialrevolution
First industrialrevolution
4Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
• filtering
• cycle economy
• production integrated
• product responsibility
• life-cycle orientated
• industrial ecology
• zero emission
ecological guidingprinciples in businessadditive
integrated
cooperative
5Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Industrial Ecology means going a way towards network thinking
Cleaner production L ife Cycle m anagem ent Industrial Ecology
• analogy between ecological and industrial processes• isomorphie of industrial processes with natural
biogeochemical cycles• integration of technosphere inbetween ecological
sources and sinks• co-evolution of biosphere and anthroposphere• metabolism with total sorrounding ressources, food
cascades, recycling• industrial symbiosis (energy, material resources,
information): parks and networks• survival of societies (sustainable metabolism)
7Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Three level´s approach
• Sustainable metabolism of societies (cities, regions)- decoupling of economic growth and material consumption- factor x of reduction of material consumption, metabolism of countries
• Eco-industrial symbiosis in networks and parks- sustainability effects and potentials- local and regional circular economy approach
• Industrial production and consumption approach- nature integrated and efficient technologies- renewable resources based industrial production
8Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Robert Frosch/NicholasGallopoulosStrategies forManufacturing
Robert Ayres„Industrial Metabolism“
Jay ForresterWorld EconomicsModel
Hermann DalyHuman Mankind is a partof the ecosystem earth
Donella &DennisMeadows„The limits to growth“
Kenneth Boulding„Raumschiff Erde“
9Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Frosch and Gallopoulos (1990)
• …„The analogy between the industrial ecosystemconcept and the biological ecosystem is not perfect, but much could be gained if the industrial systemwere to mimic the best features of thebiological analogue“
10Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
If the industrial system shall be
restructured in an ecological way, than
the principles of ecology have to be
known and understood. (Allen 1994 S. 85)
re-translated by Hartard 2009
natural science knowledge
11Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
1971 - JapanIndustrial Ecology Working Group
1983 - Belgien„L écosystème belgique“
1989 – USA„Strategies for Manufactoring“
12Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
End of 1980ies: revival of IE concept(Nicholas Gallopoulos, Robert Frosch, Robert Ayres)
13Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
„Strategies for Manufacturing“ (1989)scientific article by Robert A. Frosch, Nicholas E. GallopoulosScientific American 1989 (3):152article sparked off strong interest, catalytic role for IE concept international
„Manufacturing - The Industrial Ecosystem View“ (this title was not accepted in 1989)
content of the article:• develop industrial production methods that have less impact on the environment• the traditional model of industrial activity should be transformed into a more
integrated model: the industrial ecosystem• function as an analogue of biological ecosystems• an ideal industrial ecosystem may never be attained in practice, but manufacturers
and consumers must change their habits to approach it more closely
14Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
The conceptof Eco-Industrial-Symbiosis seems to be
more than branding…
15Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Definition: Industrial symbiosis
• across companies perspective … ,exchange of substances, energy, water and/or byproducts … to get an advantage in competition.… cooperation and the synergistic opportunities dueto the fact of geografical closeness“.Chertow (2004: 2) zitiert in Von Gleich, Goeßling-Reisemann (2008)
16Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Definition eco-industrial park
• “An eco-industrial park or estate is a community of manufacturing and service businesses located together on a common property. …environmental, economic, and social performance through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues. …collective benefit that is greater than the sum of individual benefits each company would realize by only optimizing its individual performance.” …Ernest A. Lowe (2001) Eco-Industrial Park Handbook for Asian Developing Countries: p. 1
17Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Industrial clustering leads to synergy effects
• Clustering by founders of a newbusiness - Example Silicon Valley(Standford Industrial Park 1951)
• Branch-clustersalonga supply chain(f.e. in automotive production)
• Branch-Clustersf.e. Bioenergy-Clusters
Start of Hewlett PackardThe famousGarage (PaloAlto California)
Modern concept of integration of suppliersin Smartville – Hambach -france
„energy territory“
EnergielandschaftMorbach Germany
18Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Eco-industrial cooperations: local and regional potentials
• Cooperations ofneighbours
• Eco-IndustrialPark
• Eco-IndustrialNetwork
Neighbours Industrial Park
Region Village
19Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
To be a real eco-industrial park a development must be more than:
• A single by-product exchange or network of exchanges• A recycling business cluster;• A collection of environmental technology companies;• A collection of companies making “green” products;
• An industrial park designed around a single environmental theme (i.e., a solar energy driven park);
• A park with environmentally friendly infrastructure or construction; or
• A mixed-use development (industrial, commercial, and residential).
Ernest A. Lowe (2001) Eco-Industrial Park Handbook for Asian Developing Countries: p. 1
20Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
20
The famous archetype: Eco-Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg (Denmark)
• initiation in 1961 • natural growth• 24 relationsships(Andersen 2008)
Conversion of the EIP-Concept(Lowe, Moran und Holmes 1996 S. 23) und Fleig (2000 S. 10)
• New industrial areas
• Existing (industrial)areas
• Recultivation of a contaminated fallow land
25Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Can IT-tools solve Eco-industrial planning?
sources: mentioned in Bauer (2008) Industrielle Ökologie. page 386 ff.
26Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Further information: http://environment.yale.edu/publication-series/industrial_ecology/790/developing_industrial_ecosystems/
Match Maker is described in:Developing Industrial Ecosystems. Approaches, Cases, and ToolsBulletin 106. 460 pages, 2002. MarianChertow, EditorMichelle Portlock, Assistant Editorhttp://environment.yale.edu/documents/downloads/0-9/106matchmaker.pdf
• Industrial Materials Exchange Tools (IME),f.e.Georgia Industrial Materials Exchange "Conserving Resources by Recovery and Reuse„ http://www.scrapmatchga.orgf.e. IHK Recyclingbörse in Germany - http://www.ihk-recyclingboerse.de/
• Regulatory, Ecomomic and Logistics Tool (ReaLiTy) provides regulatory, economic and logistical guidanceon the uses and non-uses of material and energy flows in an EIP, assessing the viability of the proposed material or energyexchange, regulatory flexibilityCase Study in Burlington, Vermont (1998) described on http://www.smartgrowth.org/pdf/Burlington.pdf
• IUWA –waste-manager(Ott 2000 S. 80 ff and Sterr 2000) S. 69waste-balances (costs, tons)waste flowsto generate reportsas a part of waste managementconcepts.
http://www.iuwa.de/gmbh/images/hb/switchboard.gif
28Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
International Experience in Eco-IndustrialSymbiosis Research
The Chinese Approach: Eco-Industrial parks(as of January 2007)
figure : allocation of national Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China(SEPA) (up to 2007 January) http://www.eoearth.org/image/Chinas_EIPs_approved_by_SEPA.JPGweitere Infos: http://www.eoearth.org/article/Eco-industrial_parks_in_China
types of park management:- enterprise management
(simple and concentrated)- government management
(more diversity of enterprises)
Parks often located closeto manufacturingindustriesPhosphorus, coal, chemistry, metallurgy, electronic communication, new materials, machinery, and bio-pharmaceuticalindustries
32Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
China: Guigang State Eco-industrial Demonstration Park
• Guigang Sugar Refinery’s• Eco-industrial chain for main wastes of sugar refinery (sugar cane)
= bagasse and molasses• first state eco-industrial demonstration park in China• symbiosis of sugar refinery, paper mill and alcohol industry
project information:Qinghua Zhu and Raymond P Cote (2004)
• 140 Mio. € saved costs for involved enterprises• 166 Mio. € new sales• 148,5 Mio. € private investements for recycling• 3,4 Mio t waste kept away from landfills• 342.000 t hazardous waste destroyed• reduced CO2-emission by 4,4 t• 6 Mio. t conserved raw materials• 1.700 saved and created jobs• enterprise start-ups
