Harvest Planning FORPRINT

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Research Programme 3

Techniques and toolsfor coupe level

harvest planning

developed by

Loren Kellogg

December 2007

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T R E F O R F O R E S T R Y

College Road, Sandy Bay, Tasmania

Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia

w w w . c r c f o r e s t r y . c o m . a u


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Research Programme Three

Workshop on:

Techniques and tools for coupe level

harvest planning

December 2007

Developed by

Loren KelloggSenior Research Fellow

University of Melbourne and

CRC for Forestry

Harvesting and operations

(03) 6226 7926

0488 123 110

[email protected]


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Programme Three: Harvesting and operations

Techniques and tools for coupe and

compartment level harvest planning

Workshop table of contents

Programme topics and schedule

Instructor biographies

Blank note pages

References

Tropical Forestry Handbook, Chapter 6: Harvesting Operations in the Tropics.

J. Sessions, et.al.

Tropical Forestry Handbook, Chapter 3: Forest Road Operations in the Tropics.

J. Sessions, et.al.

Network Analysis Notes. D. Robinson, J. Sessions, W. Chung and G. ParedesSpacing of roads and Landings to minimize timber harvest cost. P. Peters

Road and landing spacing models. P. Peters

Optimizing spur road spacing on the basis of profit potential. M. Thompson

Optimizing road spacing and equipment allocation simultaneously. J. Sessions and

Y.H. Yeap

Additional References (on CD-ROM only)

Optimum spur road layout near a forest boundary line. P. PetersChecking our foundations: Mathews least cost models revisited. W.B. Stuart

Optimization of road spacing for log length shovel logging on gentle terrain.

J. Sessions and K. Boston

Can income tax rules affect management strategies for forest roads? J. Sessions

Appendix

Industry update and feedback on CRC for Forestry Programme Three


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Programme Three: Harvesting and operations



Programme topics and schedule

Day 1

9:30 10:00 Workshop registration and morning tea

10:00 10:30 Setting the stage: workshop introduction, objectives, overview(Loren Kellogg)

10:30 12:30 Using breakeven analysis to aide harvesting and transport

decisions including road construction and management

standards

12:30 13:15 Lunch

13:15 15:00 Road and landing spacing analysis to assess snigging

distance impacts on costs; and aide coupe roading and harvest

planning & layout decisions (from the landowner/manager point

of view, the contractors point of view, one-way or two-way

snigging distances, and single or multiple harvest entries)

15:00 15:30 Afternoon tea

15:30 17:30 Finish road and landing spacing topic (approx 1 hr);

begin total harvesting system considerations in plantation

establishment and native forest or plantation forest harvestplanning using network analysis concepts and software to aide

decision making along the supply chain from standestablishment, through harvesting to wood utilization &

marketing

18:00 19:00 No host bar and discussion amongst workshop participants,

instructors, and the CRC Forestry Programme Three research

team members

19:00 Evening supper included with workshop registration fee


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Day 2

8:00 09:30 CRC for Forestry Programme Three strategic work plan andresearch areas..discussion and input from workshop

participants (Mark Brown, Programme Three leader)

09:30 10:30 Continue with total harvesting system considerations using

network analysis

10:30 11:00 Morning tea

11:00 12:30 Finish total harvesting system considerations and network

analysis topic

12:30 13:15 Lunch

13:15 15:15 Work scheduling considerations and example analysis

methods for truck scheduling, and coupe harvest scheduling

15:15 Afternoon tea, and workshop wrap-up and evaluation

From 15:30 Loren Kellogg, John Sessions, Mark Brown, and other CRC

Forestry Programme Three team members are available toworkshop participants for follow-up discussions


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Programme 3 Harvesting and operations



Instructor biographies

John Sessions is University Distinguished Professor of Forestry and Stewart Professor of Forest

Engineering, Oregon State University. His education includes graduate degrees in forest economics,

forest engineering, and civil engineering. He teaches courses in logging mechanics, transportation

planning, tactical planning, forest planning, harvest scheduling and combinatorial optimization. His

career started 45 years ago on a fire suppression crew in Southern California. Prior to coming to OregonState University he was Director of Logging System Training for the US Forest Service. His experience

includes crew training in Jamaica, logging training center development in the Himalayas, and harvesting

division manager in Brazil. He is an international leader in harvest scheduling and transportation

planning with completed projects in 16 countries on five continents for NGOs, governments, and forest

companies, most recently in Colombia and Argentina. Dr. Sessions is senior advisor to the International

Forestry Prize (Wallenberg) selection committee. His research is reported in more than 200 journal

reports, book chapters, and proceedings.

Loren Kellogg is The Lematta Professor of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University (OSU). His

education includes a PhD in Forest Science, a Masters in Forest Engineering, and a BSc in Forest

Management. He is a Certified Forester with the Society of American Foresters. Dr. Kellogg is currently

on a one-year sabbatical from OSU; and working with the CRC for Forestry Programme Three,

Harvesting and Operations, and the University of Melbourne as a Senior Research Fellow. He has over

35 years of teaching, research, and outreach education experience in forest harvesting and operations

analysis to meet a broad spectrum of forest and plantation resource management objectives. He also has

worked for the forest industry, the USDA Forest Service, and as a logger in the PNW Region of the

USA. Dr. Kelloggs research focuses on regrowth thinning with cable logging systems, small woodharvesting and utilization, mechanized harvestings systems, harvesting requirements for variable

retention silvicultural strategies, and forest fuels reduction and biomass utilization for energy and

biofuels based products. His research findings are presented in over 100 journal reports, book chapters,

and proceedings. Dr. Kellogg also has completed international sabbaticals in South Africa and New

Zealand. He has served as a Research Group Leader with the International Union of Forest Research

Organizations for the past 17 years, has served twice as the Chair of the International Council on Forest

Engineering (COFE), and he serves on the Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal Editorial Board.


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Momentum

The greatest thing in the world,is not so much where we are,

but in what direction we are moving in.

Best wishes for your continued success,

Loren Kellogg


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References


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List of Authors

John SessionsDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 223 Peavy Hall,

Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Kevin BostonDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 23 Peavy Hall,Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Glen MurphyDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 271 Peavy Hall,Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Michael G. WingDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 275 Peavy Hall,

Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Loren KelloggDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 261 Peavy Hall,Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Steve PilkertonDepartment of Forest Engineering, Oregon State University, 53 Peavy Hall,Corvallis, OR 97331-5706, USA

Johan C. ZweedeTropical Forest Foundation, Rua dos Mundurucus 1613, Bairro, Jurunas, CEP

66025-660, Belm-Par, Brazil

Rudolf HeinrichVia Gorgia di Leontini 260, 00124 Rome, Italy


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6.5Spur Road Spacing

For skidders, forwarders, or agricultural tractors the most important factorswhich can be controlled are load size anddistance. In general, the heavier theload that can be pulled or carried without excessive wheel or track slip, themore economical is the skidding operation. Similarly, the shorter the skiddingdistance, the more economical the skidding operation. However, the loggingmanager is responsible for both skidding costs and road construction costs.Placing the roads too close together, although good for production, is not goodfor overall costs. No discussion of log skidding is complete without an intro-duction to the spacing of roads to minimize the sum of skidding costs and spurroad (feeder road) costs. Spur roads form the fingers of the road network

98 CHAPTER 6 Ground-Based Mechanized Skidding and Forwarding

Fig. 6.16. Landing design for skidding tree lengths to landing, bucking on landing,with sorting by swingboom loader and roadside loading by swingboom loader


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penetrating to the landings to which skidding and forwarding systems deliverthe harvested wood. When using a specific skidding or forwarding machine,there is a spur roaddensity (meters per hectare) or a spacing which will resultin the lowest combined cost of constructing the spur road and skidding orforwarding. This is called the optimum spur roaddensity (ORD) or optimumspur road spacing (ORS). For skidding costs which are linear with skiddingdistance, it is attainedwhen the travel portion of the skidding or forwardingcost equals the cost of building the spur road and maintaining it during thehauling period. Under ideal forest conditions on flat or gently rolling terrainwhere spur roads are straight and parallel, skidding or forwarding is carried onperpendicularly to the road and equidistantly on both sides, and the loads areoffloadedwhere the road is reached, the average skidding or forwarding dis-tance is one quarter of the spur road spacing. However, this situation rarely, ifever, occurs in practice. Sometimes a spur road may follow the border of aswamp, lake, river, or other topographic feature, so skidding or forwarding isdone from one side only.

6.5 Spur Road Spacing 99

Fig. 6.17. Landing design for skidding tree lengths to landing, bucking on landing,with sorting by swingboom loader and on road loading by swingboom loader


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6.5.1

Optimum Spur Road Spacing

While spur roaddensity, expressedin meters per hectare, is easier to use in calcu-lating spur road cost per cubic meter, spur road spacing is the morepractical guide for the logging engineer laying out a spur road networkin a forest.

The ORS may be foundwith the formula

( ),k

qct p

RLORS

1

40=

+

where ORS is expressedin meters, R is the cost per kilometer of constructingand maintaining the spur road, L is the average skidder or forwarder load incubic meters, qis the quantity ofwood harvested, expressedin cubic meters perhectare, cis the operating cost per minute of the skidder or forwarder, includ-ing the operator, tis the time in minutes for the skidder or forwarder to travel1 m loaded and return 1 m empty, kis a correction factor, with a normal valuebetween 1.0 under the ideal conditions when skidding or forwarding is doneequidistantly on both sides of the spur road and 0.71 (or .0 50) when skiddingor forwarding is done from one side only it is also usedin situations wherethe spur roads are winding, meet in junctions, or terminate as dead-end roads,


Fig. 6.18. Landing for loading shortwoodstacked by forwarders from thinnings inplanted forests


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and p is a correction factor, normallywith a value between 0 and 0.5, to be usedin situations where skidding or forwarding trails, i.e., the strip roads, arewinding or do not end at the closest point on the spur road, or where anallowance is made for delays along the route due to low-bearing soils, hang-ups, and so on.

The spacing distance derivedwith the formula may be considered only as anapproximate value because of the imprecise values of several of the factors inthe formula. For example, if the formula gives an optimum spacing of 400 m,


Fig. 6.19. Continuous landing design for tree length skidding to landing, processingon landing, and loading truck loading by rubber-tired swing loader on thee truck road.Frequently usedin clear felling in planted forests


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a spacing between 350 and 450 m will give quite satisfactory results. This allowssome leewayin locating spur roads to avoid obstacles that might increase thecost of constructing the road. An examination of the ORS formula will showthat quadrupling the quantity ofwood harvested per hectare will halve the spurroad spacing; this will (1) require twice as much road to be built but at half thecost per cubic meter and (2) halve the skidding distance and therefore the trav-eling portion of the skidding cost, thus bringing about an overall reduction inthe logging cost.

Example 1: What is the optimal road spacing if the road construction cost is$10,000 per kilometer, the average skidder loadis 4 m3, the volume to be har-vestedis 30 m3/ha, the operating cost is $0.80 per minute, and the skidder trav-

els 5 km/h unloaded and 3 km/h loaded? Skidding is equidistant from each sideand a correction factor of 0.2 is used to account for delays.The time to travel 1 m empty and to travel 1 m loadedis 60/5,000 + 60/3,000 =

0.032 min per round-trip meter.The ORS is then

.. . ( . )

ORS m1 030 0 8 0 032 1 0 2

40 10000 41318

# # #

# #=

+= .

Example 2: What is the optimal road spacing if the road construction cost is$10,000 per kilometer, the average forwarder load is 14 m3, the volume to beharvestedis 130 m3/ha, the operating cost is $1.20 per minute, and the skidder

travels 3k

m/hour unload

ed

and

3k

m/hour load

ed

? Forw

ardi

ngis equ

idistantfrom each side and a correction factor of 0.2 is used to account for delays.

The time to travel 1 m empty and to travel 1 m loadedis 60/3,000 + 60/3,000 =0.04 min per round-trip meter.

The ORS is then

.. . ( . )

ORS m1 0130 1 2 0 04 1 0 2

40 10000 14865

# # #

# #=

+

= .

The total cost per cubic meter in example 2 (Fig. 6.20) is a minimum at a roadspacing of 865 m, but the total cost per cubic meter changes little between 500and 1,400 m, even though the skidding cost and road costs are quite sensitiveto change. This has important environmental and tactical implications. Ifit isenvironmentally desirable to minimize road construction, the roads can bespaced toward the upper end of the range (i.e., 1,400 m) without having mucheffect on total cost. But increasing road spacing has other environmental impli-cations. If fewer roads will be built, the skid trails will be longer and there willbe more trips per skid trail, increasing the potential for rutting and com-paction. On the other hand, if there is a shortage of skidding equipment, or arisk of a shortage in the operating season for the skidders, then shortening the



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skidding distance toward the lower end of the range (i.e., 500 m) will greatlyincrease skidding productivitywhile not increasing total production cost. And,at the shorter end of the road spacing range, there will be fewer trips per skidtrail as the skid trails will be shorter.

6.5.2

Optimum Spur Road Density

Having determined the ORS as in the previous section, the ORD may be foundwith the formula

,ORDORS

10000=

where ORD is in meters per hectare and ORS is in meters.The ORD may also be founddirectlywith the formula

,RL

qct TV ORD 50

1000#=

where ORD is in meters per hectare, q is the quantity of wood harvested incubic meters per hectare, c is the operating cost per minute of the skidderor forwarder, including the operator, tis the time in minutes for the skidder orforwarder to travel 1 m loaded and return empty, T is a correction factor,


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Road Spacing (m)

CostperM3

Road

Total Skidding

Fig.6.20. Road cost, skidding cost, and total cost per cubic meter as a function of roadspacing for the data in example 2


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normallywith a value between 1.0 and 1.5, to be usedin the same situations asthe factor k in the ORS formula in the previous section, V is a correctionfactor, normally between 1.0 and 2.0, to be used in the same situation as thefactorp in the ORS formula in the previous section, R is the cost of construct-ing and maintaining the spur road per kilometer, andLis the average skidderor forwarder loadin cubic meters.

Example for calculating the ORD: What is the optimal road density forexample 2 from the pervious section if the ORS is 865 m?

ORD = 10000/ORS = 10000/865 = 11.6 m/ha.

If the ORS is not available, then the ORD can be calculated as

. . .. ./ORD m ha50

10000 14

130 1 2 0 04 1000 1 211 6

#

# # # #= =

6.5.3

Average Skidding Distance

Under the ideal forest situation the average skidding or forwarding distance isfound from

.,

TVTVASD

ORDor ASD

ORS2 5 1000

4

##= =

where ASD is the average skidding or forwarding distance in meters, ORD is inmeters per hectare, ORS is in meters, and T and V are correction factors asdefined earlier.

Example for calculating the average skidding distance: Given T = 1.2,V= 1.0, ORS = 865 m, and ORD = 11.6 m/ha, calculate the average skiddingdistance.

ASD = (2.5 1.2 1,000)/11.6 = 259 m, orASD = (1.2 865)/4 = 259 m.

6.5.4

Spur Road Cost

The cost of constructing and maintaining a spur roadduring harvesting maybe foundwith the formula

,q

RCRDR

1000

#=



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where RC is the spur road cost per cubic meter, R is the spur road cost perkilometer; RD is the roaddensityin meters per hectare, andq is the quantityofwood served, expressedin cubic meters per hectare.

Example for calculating road costs: Given RD = 11.6 m/ha, R = $10,000 perkilometer, andq= 130 m3/ha,

.$ . .RC per cubic meter

1000 130

10000 11 60 89

#

#= =

6.5.5

Variable Skidding Cost

The cost of the travel portion of the skidding or forwarding operation may befoundwith the formula

,L

ctTC

ASD #=

where TC is the travel cost per cubic meter of skidding or forwarding,ASD is the average skidding or forwarding distance in meters, c is the operat-ing cost per minute, including the operator, of the skidder or forwarder, tis theaverage time in minutes for the skidder or forwarder to travel 1 m loaded andreturn 1 m empty, and L is the average skidder or forwarder load in cubicmeters.

Example for calculating skidding costs: Given ASD = 259 m, c = $1.2 perminute, t= 0.04 m/min, andL= 14 m3,

. .$ . .TC per cubic meter

14

259 1 2 0 040 89

# #= =

If spur roaddensity or spacing is optimum, the cost calculatedin this mannershould equal the cost of the spur road and the lowest combined cost of the twooperations will have been realized. If this condition is deviated from, the com-bined cost will be greater.

6.6Environmental Considerations

Environmental considerations primarily include soil disturbance leading toerosion, soil compaction, andimpacts on streams. A number of measures can betaken to reduce environmental impacts of skidding. Education, training, andsupervision of the work force are important elements in reducing disturbance.

6.6 Environmental Considerations 105


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Network Analysis Notes

John Sessions

An Introduction to Network Analysis1

Don Robinson

Using Network Analysis for Road and Harvest Planning9John Sessions

Network 2000 Introduction.19Woodam Chung and John Sessions

An Introductory Problem- Example1..... 35

An Introductory Problem- Example2..... 35

A Solution Procedure for the Sort Yard Location Problem inForest Operations .44

John Sessions and Gonzalo Paredes


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Appendix

Strategic work plan


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CRC Forestry Programme Three

Harvesting and operations

Strategic research program and objectives

Mission:

CRC Forestry Programme Three develops new and innovative knowledge, work

methods, technology and tools through sound practical research and assists our industry

partners in the implementation of these knowledge, methods, technology and tools toimprove the safety, efficiency, effectiveness, environmental impact and overall

competitiveness of their operations.

Vision:

CRC Forestry Programme Threes vision is to be the partner of choice for industry,

universities and governments in the maintenance and improvement of Australian forest

operations competitiveness.

Objectives:

Provide new and innovative knowledge, work methods, technology and tools that

would allow the Australian forest industry to:

o Significantly reduce operating costs (>10 per cent)

o Significantly reduce the energy and greenhouse gas emissions intensity of

operations (by >10 per cent)

o Significantly increase value recovered from operations (by >5 per cent)

o Significantly improve the safety and wellbeing of their workforce

Implement new and innovative knowledge, work methods, technology and tools

with all the CRC Forestry Programme Three industrial partners that result in one

or more of the following benefits:

o 10 per cent or greater reduction in operating cost

o 10 per cent or greater reduction in energy intensity of operations

o 5 per cent or greater increase in value recovery

Enhance the competitiveness of CRC Forestry Programme Three partners

Build an increased capacity in Australia for forest operations research


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Research areas:

The CRC Forestry Programme Threes main research and implementation activities aregrouped into six focus areas:

Harvesting technology and equipment

Harvesting systems, planning and procedures

Value recovery and waste reduction

Workforce management and training

Transportation technology and equipment

Transportation systems, planning and logistics

Various levels of activity will be conducted in each of these areas over the next five yearswith the Programme Three partners but data will be collected and analyzed in all

activities as to offer value to all the Programme Three partners.

Harvesting technology and equipment

A key component to any industrial operation is the equipment used to perform the job. It

is important to have the right equipment, use it to its full capacity and effectively track

and measure performance to allow for ongoing improvements and management. Based

on this belief this research area will focus on the equipment used in the harvest

operations. Efforts will be made to evaluate, develop and adapt, both technology add-onsintended to improve harvesting operations as well as new and existing machines to

understand their performance. Particular effort will be placed on technology for improved

productivity, enhanced automated data collection, reduced energy demand, improved

sorting capabilities in pine and mixed stands, improved debarking of eucalyptus and

improved utilisation.

Current activities:

Evaluation of the accuracy of length and diameter measurement frommultifunctional head for value recovery optimisation with Pinus radiata. (MartinStrandgard)


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Planned activities:

Evaluation of the accuracy of diameter measurement from multifunctional head

for value recovery optimisation withEucalyptus sp.

Implementation of operational tracking technology for improved resource

management and machine productivity

Harvesting systems, planning and procedures

When planning harvesting operations, there is a wide range of equipment available to

choose from and an equally wide range of combinations of how that equipment can be

assembled into harvesting systems. The key is to get the right system with the right

machines in the right stands to be cost effective. This research area will focus initially on

the performance of existing systems in different stands and operating conditions to

identify which systems offer the best performance, productivity, recovery and site impact,

which will feed into decision support tools for the industry. Once the performance of the

various systems is better understood research efforts will also be targeted at identifying

and addressing the weaknesses of different systems.

Current activities:

Evaluation of productivity and cost of alternative harvesting systems for thinningin native forest re-growth stands (Mauricio Acuna)

Planned activities:

Evaluation of system productivity and cost as they relate to piece size in thinning

and clear-felling in plantations. (Mauricio Acuna and Loren Kellogg)

Quantify the impact of alternative harvesting systems on the production capacity,

cost and effectiveness of harvest operations

Value recovery and waste reduction

As important to the bottom line as minimizing costs, is retrieving the maximum value

possible from the forest being harvested. This can involve the optimisation of

merchandising to extract as much higher value products (veneer logs, posts, saw logs,

etc.) as possible, the extraction of new and novel products (biomass, fuel wood, etc.) and

/ or simply reducing waste. This research area will look at the operational implications of

producing higher value products and maximizing recovery within current specifications,


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evaluate the economic viability of extraction and transportation of new and novel

products and adapt equipment to optimize their production.

Current activities:

Evaluation of potential existing and developing markets for forest operations

biomass utilisation (Loren Kellogg)

Planned activities:

Evaluation of new technology and software for improved merchandising

Evaluate the implications of using LIDAR and transportation modeling for

biomass feedstock assessment

Evaluation of sub-optimal recovery of products within current specifications.

Evaluation of ground-based LIDAR for improved pre-harvest inventory modeling

and harvest planning


In almost every area of the world forest operations are suffering from either a lack ofwork force or a lack of a properly trained workforce. The Australian industry is no

different. This is of particular concern on the operations side as the equipment and

methods are getting more complex and effective adoption of efficient new technology

and work procedures can only be effective with a skilled, engaged workforce; without

properly trained people the best equipment and procedures will fail. The area will focus

on identifying the knowledge gaps with in forest operations and target technology

transfer of Programme Threes results and international best practices to fill these gaps.

Current activities:

Industry workshops December 2007 (Mark Brown and Loren Kellogg)

Planned activities:

Promoting the acceptance and adoption of new technology and work methods

within the forestry workforce

Affecting change with contractors while maintaining an independent business

relationship


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Like harvesting, efficient transportation operations are very reliant on the equipmentused. Poorly specified equipment can easily add 25 per cent to the transportation costs.

This area will focus on evaluating the performance indicators of transportation equipment

including payloads, fuel consumption, availability, operating costs and productivity to

identify the best in class and identify areas for, and methods of, improvement across the

forestry fleets. With this base knowledge Programme Three will work with the industrial

partners and regulators to develop and test new specifications and configurations for

increased transportation efficiency.

Current activities:

Evaluation of existing partner fleets to identify the range of efficiency in payload

for each common configuration and identify opportunities for efficiency gains

(Mark Brown)

Planned activities:

Optimized performance-based, designed trucks for forestry transportation in

Australia


The typical approach to transportation is to focus on a single harvest location and plan the

transport of the various products to the associated destinations. This approach is often

very inefficient on a regional level where if all operations are considered, truck utilisation

could be increased and costs reduced but the complexity of planning and managing

makes it unattractive. As more products are extracted from the forest in an attempt to

increase value recovery, transportation planning and management at this regional level

becomes more complicated. This area will look at the opportunities that exist within

current operations to reduce transportation cost through better logistics and work to

develop, adapt and implement systems, software and tools to facilitate the integration ofcomplex logistics into normal operational planning and management.


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Current activities:

Investigating and modeling of trucking operations with forestry plantation

expansion in Australia to determine trucking needs, road impact and identify

options to reduce adverse effects and costs through alternative approaches.

(Maryam Habibi, PHD student)

Planned activities:

Evaluation and implementation of backhaul opportunities in forest operations for

creation of a modeling and decision support tool

Optimized logistic planning and management methods and tools for forestry

transportation


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Organisational priority matrix (partner input)As an indicator for Programme Three planning please indicate the percentage of our resources that should be targeted at theseresearch areas as described in the strategic work plan.

Harv.

Equip

Harv.

Systems

Bio

massWorkforce

Trans.

Equip

Trans.

LogisticsOther Total

e.g. 16 per

cent

17 per

cent

16

per

cent

17 per

cent

16 per

cent

17 per

cent

0 per

cent

100

per

cent

Importance

or effort

committed

Activity ideas (from partners):

Harvesting technology and equipment:

Harvesting systems, planning and procedures:

Value recovery and waste reduction:




Name: ________________________ Company: ___________________________

E-mail: _________________________________ Phone:_____________________

Please provide your feedback to:

Mark Brown - [email protected], f: (03)5321 4166, t (03)5321 4188


134/146


Industry engagement


135/146

1

Industry

up

da

te/fee

dback

.

Harvest

ingand

opera

tions

Mark

Brown,

Programme

Lead

er

Harvest

ingan

dopera

tions

December,2007

Strat

eg

icWork

Plan

CRCa

greement

Scopingdocument

Fieldm

eetings

Founda

tionofthe

ro

ramme

Nowse

ekingpartnerinput

Mission

Developsolutionsthroug

hsound

practicalresearchand

assistour

industrypartnersinthe

implementationofthe

sesolutions

toimprovetheiropera

tions.


136/146

2

Vision

Tobethepartnerofchoicefor

industry,universitiesand

governmentsinthemaintenance

andimprovementofAustralian

forestoperationscompetitiveness.

Researc

hObjec

tives

theAust

ralianforestindustryto:

Reduceoperatingcosts

Reducetheenergyandgreenhouse

gasem

issionsintensityofoperations

Increasethevaluerecoveredfrom

operat

ions

Improv

ethesafetyandwellbeingof

theirworkforce

Imp

lemen

tation

O

bjec

tives

t

t

w

t

ForestryProgramme-3

industrial

partnersthatresultino

neormore

ofthefollowingbenefits:

10%orgreaterreductio

ninoperating

cost

intensityofoperations

5%orgreaterincreaseinvalue

recovery


137/146

3

Secon

dary

Objec

tives

ofCRCForestryProgramme

-3

partners

Buildanincreasedcapacity

in

Australiaforforestoperation

s

research

SixR

esearc

hAreas

Harvestin

technolo

yande

uipment

Harvestingsystems,planningand

procedures

Valuerec

overyandwastereduction

Workforcemanagementandtraining

Transportationtechnologyand

e

uipment

Transportationsystems,planningand

logistics

Harvestingtechnologyand

equipment

Eva

lua

tiono

ftheaccu

rac

of

harvester

hea

ds

forva

luerecovery

op

tim

iza

tionw

ithPine

Evaluationoftheaccu

racyof

harvesterheadsforva

luerecovery

optimizationwithEuca

lyptus

Implementationofonb

oard

technologyforimprovedresource

managementandma

chine

productivity


138/146

4

Harvest

ingsystems,p

lanning

an

dproce

dures

harvest

ingsystems

for

thinning

ofna

tive

forestre-grow

th

Evaluationofsystemsasthey

relatetopiecesize

u

y

alternativeharvestingsystem

s

onharvestoperations

Valuerecoveryandwaste

reduction

Eva

luationo

f

oten

tia

lex

istin

an

d

deve

lop

ingmarke

tsfor

forest

opera

tio

ns

biomassu

tiliza

tion

Evaluationoftechnologyfor

improve

dmerchandising

Evaluationofsub-optimalrecovery

ofprodu

cts

Evaluationofground-basedLIDAR

forimpro

vedpre-harvestinventory

modelin

gandplanning

Workforcemanage

mentand

training

Promotingtheadoptio

nofnew

technologyandworkmethods

withtheforestryworkfo

rce

Affectingchangewith

contractors

businessrelationship


139/146

5

Transportationtechnologya

nd

equipment

pay

loa

de

fficiencyan

d

iden

tifyopportun

ities

for

efficiencyga

ins

Optimizedperformance-

based,designedtrucksfor

forestrytransportationin

Australia

Transporta

tionsystems,planning

andlogistics

roa

dimpac

tw

ithexpan

de

d

plan

tatio

nforestryan

diden

tify

op

tions

tore

ducee

ffec

tsan

dcosts

Evaluationofbackhaul

opportunitiesinforestoperations

Optimize

dlogisticplanningand

manage

mentmethodsandtools

forforestrytransportation

Stra

teg

icWork

Planasa

Liv

ing

Documen

t

,

,

researchareasfixed

Activitiesfluid

Completionofactiv

ities

Changingindustry

needs/priorities

Resourceavailability


140/146

6

Objec

tives

Comments,exclusionsand/or

additions

ProvidesolutionsthatwouldallowtheAustralianforestindustryto:

Reduceoperatingcosts

Reducetheenergyandgreenhousegasemissionsintensityofopera

tions

Increasethevaluerecoveredfromoperations

Improvethesafetyandwellbeingoftheirworkforce

ImplementsolutionswithCRCForestryProgramme-3industrialpartners

thatresultinoneormoreofthefollowingbenefits:

10%orgreaterreductioninoperatingcost

10%or

reaterreductionineneryintensityofo

erations

5%orgreaterincreaseinvaluerecovery

EnhancethecompetitivenessofCRCForestryProgramme-3pa

rtners

BuildanincreasedcapacityinAustraliaforforestoperationsres

earch

SixR

esearc

hAreas

t

r

,

addition

s

Harvestingtechnologyandequipment

Harvestingsystems,planningandprocedures

Valuerecoveryandwastereduction

Workforcemanagementandtraining

Transportationtechnologyandequipment

Transportationsystems,planningandlogistics

Harvestingtechnologyand

equipment

Comments,exclusions

and/or

additions

Eva

lua

tiono

ftheaccuracyo

fharvester

hea

ds

forva

luerecoveryop

tim

iza

tionw

ith

Pine

Evaluationoftheaccurac

yofharvester

headsforvaluerecoveryoptimizationwith

Eucalyptus

Implementationofonboard

technology

forimprovedresourcema

nagementand

machineproductivity


141/146

7

Harvest

ingsystems,p

lanning

an

dproce

dures

,

additions

Eva

lua

tiono

fa

lterna

tive

harvest

ingsystems

for

thinn

ingo

fna

tive

forestre-grow

th

Evaluationofsystemsastheyrelatetopiece

size

Quantifytheimpactofalternativeharvesting

systemsonharvestoperations

Valuerecoveryandwaste

reduction

t

r

,

addition

s

Eva

lua

tiono

fpo

ten

tia

lex

istingan

ddeve

lop

ing

marke

tsfor

forestopera

tions

biomassu

tiliza

tion

Evaluationoftechnologyforimproved

merchandising

Evaluationofsub-optimalrecoverofproducts

Evaluationofground-basedLIDARforimproved

pre-harvest

inventorymodelingandplanning

Workforcemanage

mentand

training

,

additions

Harvest

Plann

ingworkshop

Promotingtheadoptiono

fnew

technologyandworkmet

hodswiththe

Affectingchangewithcontractorswhile

maintaininganindependentbusiness

relationship


142/146

8

Transportationtechnologya

nd

equipment

,

and/oradditions

Eva

lua

tiono

fex

isting

flee

tsforpay

loa

de

fficiency

an

diden

tifyopportun

ities

fore

fficiencyga

ins

Optimizedperformance-based,designedtru

cks

forforestrytransportationinAustralia

Transporta

tionsystems,planning

andlogistics

,

addition

s

Invest

iga

te

truc

kingnee

dsan

droa

dimpac

tw

ith

expan

de

dp

lan

tation

forestryan

diden

tifyop

tions

tore

ducee

ffec

tsan

dcosts

Evaluationofbackhaulopportunitiesinforest

operations

Optimizedlogisticplanningandmanagement

methodsandtoolsforforestrytransportation

Furt

her

Discus

sion


143/146

9

Ac

tiv

ity

Assessment

worthiness

Considers:

PotentialROI

Impact

Interest

Risk


144/146

10

De

taile

dAc

tiv

ity

Plan

Objectivesincludingspecific

metrics

Activityassessment&budget

Detailedmethodology

Schedule

Expectedtechnologytransfer

Planforimplementation


145/146


Activity assessment


146/146

Example

Veryhigh

High

Moderate

Low

VeryLow

7

5

3

1

0

egree

ofimpactforoperations

1

otenti

alscopeforapplication

1

terestincooperatingbypartners

1

mpact

onsociallicensetooperate

1

otenti

alforleveragedfunding(additionalfunds)

1

egree

ofimpactonscientificknowledge

1

otenti

alforpublicationinpeerreviewedjourn

als

1

echnicalriskoftheproject

1

ogisticalriskoftheproject

1

meto

achieveanimplementableresult

1

core

B+

sedoninternationalexperiencethatanavera

gesavingsof5%onfuelcostcanbeac

hievedbylimitingtruck

rsfor

anassumedimplementationon20%o

ftheAustralianforestrytruckfleet(400

trucks)the

ning

lifeofforestrytruck)of5%basedonan

nualfuelconsumptionof70,000Land

fuelpriceof$1.00/L

appliedwithallpartnerssinceallusetrucks,severalpartnershaveexpressedintere

stinreducingfuelcosts,

arget,noadditionalfundingavailable,thisworkhasbeendoneextensivelyinNorth

Americaandsomein

exper

tiseintheareaeverythingisinplaceto

collectthedataanddoanalysisandre

sultscanbe

20

ctivityassessment

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