Hasan Fathy

7/27/2019 Hasan Fathy

1/30

HASAN FATHY


2/30

Born in 1900 in Alexandria

Agriculture to architecture

professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts and was head of the Architectural

School

Ambivalent towards western architecture influence

Fathys belief Egypt can not be built on technology alone, progress should

be in respect with the faith and social values of the Egypt

Search for cultural identity, urge to break free from the colonial influence

Ideology

Rather than believing that people could be behaviorally conditioned by

architectural space, fathy felt that human beings, nature, and architecture

should co exist in harmonious balance

Architecture is a communal art, should reflect the personal habits and

traditions of the community rather than reforming and eradicate them

As he was not against to the innovation, he felt that technology should be

subservient to social values and appropriate to popular needs

He was for the integration of nature and industry sustainability


3/30

Technology should be subject to economy and materials of a particular

of region, so that quality and values inherent in the traditional and

human response to the environment would be preserved

Science should be subordinated to philosophy, faith and spirituality.On Arab architecture

It begins with the interior and goes to the exterior. The function of the

space is primary. The outer form must express forces on the inside

Space has it own values.Islamic architecture is one of space but of

walls.we are in need of an era of non functionalism. We are in need of

quality with human touch.


4/30

Political scenario of Egypt in Fathy period

Want to establish an Egyptian identity

Nostalgia for the past and desire for the change

Concerns about protection of family and privacy

Thesis of space

Study on Islamic architecture in general and medieval quarter of Cairo.This

forms the basis for the many earlier designs.

Elements from history

Courtyard

Regulate the temperature and filter the dust from the air in the city

qa a -

The main reception room of the house, its a open courtyard flanked by T

shaped alcove, completely internalized due to the density and noise of the

house;

Ultimately it became a simple covered central courtyard flanked by alcoves

Fathy adopted and altered the qa to suit to the modern day need


5/30

Royal society for agriculture Bhatim

Failure of dome construction

Fathy was influenced by the vernacular character of the Nubians

Fatimid tomps made of mud bricks

Deir al saman monastery 6th century


6/30


7/30


8/30


9/30

Six general principles that guided Hasan Fathy throughout his career

Beliefs in the primacy of human values in architecture

The importance of a universal rather than limited approach

The use of appropriate technology

Application of technology must be relevant to both its user and its context

The need for socially oriented, cooperative construction techniques

The essential role of tradition

Re establishment of national cultural pride through the act of building

Fathy saw as architecture as art that involved every aspect of human endeavor

Fathy encouraged a deeper respect for the use of tradition in architecture


10/30

Early attempts with mud

Nubian house forms

Guest room separated from the private rooms of the house, windows open to

the street

Private rooms connected with the private courtyard

Thesis of space

Kallini house

Organisation of courtyards

Cross axial positioning of private and common courtyard physically and

visually separated but connected

Fathy saw the courtyard as a place of refuge within homeTo him house is the place for peacefulness and holiness


11/30

Gouaches and Pharanoic garden

Mud architecture - Durability, long history

Architecture unity with the nature

The need for architecture is to join rather than separate people

Characteristic of his work

Use of natural ventilation, local materials, energy conserving design

techniquesSuq open air market central distribution area for isolated agricultural

community

Oriented in such a way to maximize the air movement within

Higher parts of buildings are positioned brilliantly to shade the lower parts, to

minimize heat gain

Air scoops the catch the air and funnel them down to storage space


12/30


13/30


14/30

New Gourna 1945 47

Residence for different tribal group

Theatre, Market area, Travelers inn, Mosque

Earliest attempt in building with the mud brought this project to him

Antiquities department of Egypt new gourna village

Fathys best known project

Officially sanctioned opportunity to test his radical ideals

The reason behind the construction of village

Fathy saw this project as a opportunity to find solution to the housing problem

and provide safe housing, sanitary in an inexpensive way

Village generally divided in to four quarters for the five tribal groups

The main street which separate the four quarters connects the public buildings


15/30

50 acres of land to house 7000 people

Each tribe is divided into separate family groupings

Fathy maintained this division in his proposal

The main street divide the layout in to four quarters. One quarter for each tribal

group

The main streets are 10M wide for better circulation, ventilation, privacy

The main streets giving accesses to the semiprivate square, connected by theinner streets of 6M wide

The inner streets were not straight, having many bends and corners to provide

shading, and discourage the strangers to use as thoroughfare

Individual houses

Area and the requirements of the houses were according to the occupants

original houses

Plan of the houses vary to meet the need of the occupants


16/30

Proposed plan

Early settlement over Pharaonic tombs


17/30

Nubian vaults made of mud to cool the

summer and heat the winter


18/30

Irregular plan is made for variety and originality in design and for constant

visual interest , to avoid the identical housing fathy

Attention to the individuals and personality of the inhabitants are novel at that

point of timeGourna

Basis of the economy agriculture and crafts works

The core of the community revolves around the market and travelers inn

Market for sale and shipment of the agricultural product, located near therailway line

Railway line was considered as a commercial entry to the village

Travelers inn promotion of arts and crafts

Reason behind the absence running water supply


19/30

Mosque at gourna

The "Gourna Village experiment" was not just

an architectural experiment. To Hassan Fathy

it was more like the development of a town

on a cultural, social level following theregional traditions. Relating to the people and

knowing their needs while asking them to

participate in the construction of their town

was a major part of the project


20/30

Criticism

The public buildings instead of drawing new life cause the death of the

village

The authorities expected a improved version of typical Egyptian rural

set up, not of romantic ideas includes theatre etc.

The intended users are not occupying the village now

Few changes have been made by the occupants doors and windowsare filled in otherwise the original design remain intact

The failure is due to the reluctance of the intended occupants to

relocate their bases


21/30

Fathys view on city planning

One has to consider the man who is being planned for

There should be harmony in the visual images he going to encounter in the

streets, squares & open spaces

Surprises to not to bore him and overwhelm him

Increase in generalization

Home to city center crescendo

City centre to home decrescendo

Mosque has much in common with the Nubian construction

Interesting composition of elements with the known elements

Dome construction square to octagon to circular


22/30

Application of wooden screen in his houses

Reason

Reduces the reflected heat and radiation

Wood absorb the moisture and cool the air passes through it

Design feature

Rounded balustrade to not deflect the light

Up to the eye level spacing between the balustrade are very small vice

versa above the eye level


23/30

Fathys view on culture

Culture is the unique human response of the man to his environments in his

attempt to answer both physical and spiritual needs

Environmental principles must be integrated with the cultural imperatives


24/30

Stopplaere house luxor 1950

Archeological site office and residence for a Archeological director

Two central courtyards provides privacy to both the areas

Steeped squinches at the bottom of the dome


25/30

Sloping pier extends from main building separates office and residence


26/30

1951 fathy became director of the school building department

School is divided in to administrative and communal facilities, offices,library,

mosque and assembly hall

Two Class room facing each other divided by courtyard

Fathy designed the entire building with the natural ventilation to avoid the

soaring cost mechanical heating and cooling

Square class room with the domical roof connected with the rectangularvaulted space for ventilation purpose

The rectangular space to contain water to cool the air

The design is remarkably functional and environmentally comfortable

The school at fares


27/30

The school at fares

Dome over the administrative area


28/30

The Monastirli house 1950

Less vernacular and more ornate

Modeled after the waterside houses

Bosphorous Istanbul

The open wooden pergola Egyptian

ottoman architecture


29/30

Hasan fathy with ekistics community

Housing program for Iraq reconstruction project - 1956


30/30

Late career 1967 89

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	shee-ja
View:	235 times
Download:	0 times

Hasan Fathy

Documents