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Hassan Ali F-10-126
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Hassan AliF-10-126
Country BioCritical Junctures in Chinese HistoryThe Chinese Political SystemNuts & Bolts of Political SystemCentral Party InstitutionsTrade Deficit between USA and
China
Population: 1.3 Billion (UN census, 2004) Territory: 3.7 million square miles (a bit larger than
the U.S.) Year of Independence: 221 B.C. Year of Current Constitution: 1982 Head of State: President Hu Jintao Head of Government: Premier Wen Jiabao Language: Mandarin (official language), Cantonese, Shanghaiese, other dialects, some minority
languages Religion: Daoism, Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%,
Christian 1%. Note: Officially Atheist
The Qing Dynasty (1611 – 1911)
First Opium War1839 -1842Treaty of Nanjing (1842)
Second Opium War1856 -1860Treaty of Tianjin (1860)
Boxer Rebellion1899-1901
First Sino – Japanese War (1898)
The Republican Period (1911 – 1949)
Dr. Sun Yat-SenThree Principles of the People:1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Livelihood- Founded the Kuomingtang▪ January 1, 1912
Chiang Kai-ShekNorthern Expedition (1926)Extermination Campaign (1927)Fled to Taiwan
Republic of China (Dec. 1,1949)
The Republican Period (1911 – 1949)
Mao ZedongMaoismLand redistributionGuerilla warfare
The Long March6,000 mile journey
Second Sino-Japanese War1937 - 1945
• October 1, 1949
China Under Mao (1949 – 1976)
• Hundred Flowers Movement (1956)• Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957)• The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961)• The Cultural Revolution (1966)- Red Guards
The Reform Era (1976 – present)• Deng Xiaoping- Four Modernizations- One Child Policy- Tiananmen Square (June 1998)▪ 2K to 3K dead
Party Political Structures• National Party Congress 2120 members Reviews party activities• The Central Committee 198 members Directs affairs when NPC is not in session• The Politburo Standing Committee• The Central Committee for Discipline Ensures party loyalty 2004: 160k members disciplined
Government Structures
• National People’s Congress
- China’s “legislature”
- 3K members President of PRC - Head of State - 5 year terms (2
max)• State Council - Premier
Government Structures
• The People’s Liberation Army
- $90bn/year spending-“Peace Loving Nation”
• Public Security Bureaus
- Re-education through labor
- 300k detainees
One party state- Chinese Communist Party
Rather than being rigidly hierarchical and authoritarian, which is often the assumption, political power in China now is diffuse, complex, and at times highly competitive.
Muscular state government bureaucracy
Another key institution is the People’s Liberation Army
Important Concepts Confucianism Struggle for National
Sovereignty Struggle for Peasant
Livelihood Hundred Flowers
Campaign, Great Leap Forward” “One Country, Two
Systems” One Child Policy Cultural Revolution Socialist Reform
Period No Political Pluralism
National Party Congress (> 2000)
Central Committee (200)
National Party Congress (> 2000)
Politburo (25)
Central Committee (200)
National Party Congress (> 2000)
Politburo Standing Committee (9)
Politburo (25)
Central Committee (200)
National Party Congress (> 2000)
General Secretary
Politburo Standing Committee (9)
Politburo (25)
Central Committee (200)
National Party Congress (> 2000)
CCPGeneral Secretary
Standing CommitteePolitburo
Central Committee
Provincial PartyCommittees
Local PartyCommittees
CCPGeneral Secretary
National People’s Congress
Standing CommitteePolitburo
Central Committee
Prime MinisterState Council
CCPGeneral Secretary
National People’s Congress
Standing CommitteePolitburo
Central Committee
Prime MinisterState Council
CCPGeneral Secretary
National People’s Congress
Standing CommitteePolitburo
Central Committee
Prime MinisterState Council
Provincial PartyCommittees
Local PartyCommittees
Provincial People’sCongresses
Local People’sCongresses
Provincial Governments
Local Governments
CCPGeneral Secretary
National People’s Congress
Standing CommitteePolitburo
Central Committee
Prime MinisterState Council
Provincial PartyCommittees
Local PartyCommittees
Provincial People’sCongresses
Local People’sCongresses
Provincial Governments
Local Governments
President
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Development Research Center of the State Council Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Academy of Military Science China Institute of International Study China Institute of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) China National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation China Association for Science and Technology China International Institute of StrategicSociety Shanghai Institute for International Studies (SIIS)
Trade Deficit The trade deficit is when the value of
imports is greater than the value of exports.
Imports are defined as goods and services produced in a foreign country and bought by residents.
An export is any good that passes through customs from any country to be sold overseas.
Economic and trade reforms (begun in 1979) have helped transform China into one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.
Total U.S.- China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in 2008.
China ranked as the 32nd-largest U.S. export market and its 57th-largest source of U.S. imports.
In 2009, China was the second-largest U.S. trading partner (after Canada), the third-largest U.S. export market (after Canada and Mexico), and the largest source of U.S. imports.
End
