Well-being, Hauora

Well-being, Hauora

• Well-being• The concept of well-being encompasses the

physical, mental and emotional, social, arid spiritual dimensions of health. This concept is recognised by the World Health Organisation.

• Hauora• Hauora is a Mäori philosophy of health unique to

New Zealand. It comprises:• taha tinana, taha hinengaro, taha whanau, and

taha wairua.

Well-being, Hauora

• taha tinana, Physical well-being

• the physical body,

• its growth,

• development,

• ability to move,

• ways of caring for it.

Well-being, Hauora

• taha hinengaro

Mental and emotional well-being

• Coherent thinking processes

• Acknowledging and expressing thoughts and feelings

• Responding constructively

Well-being, Hauora

• taha wairua. Spiritual well-being

• The values and beliefs that determine the way people live

• The search for meaning and purpose in life

• Personal identity

• Self awareness.

Well-being, Hauora

• taha whanau Social well-being

• Family relationships• Friendships• Interpersonal relationships• Feelings of belonging• Compassion, caring• Social support.

HaouraIs a Maori physilosophy of health unique to New Zealand.

It consists of a number of dimensions.

Total wellbeing

Taha whanau-

Social well-being

Taha wairua-

Spiritual well-being

Taha tinana-

Physical well-being

Taha hinengaro-

Mental and Emotional well-being

Whare tapawha model of hauora

• Each of the four concepts of hauora is represented by a side of the whare [ house ].

• All the dimensions work together to give us total wellbeing. Each aspect cannot function alone.- they overlap with all the other aspects of hauora. All aspects work together to form a whole and well rounded individual.

Consequences of neglect• All four sides of the whare tapawha are needed to support

each other. When one wall is weak and collapses, the structure of the house suffers and the house will fall down or not provide sufficient shelter.

• Like wise with human beings-any weakness in a certain area will lead to an unhealthy and unbalanced individual.

• When certain aspects of hauora are not fulfilled there can be negative consequences.

• When physical well-being is neglected, a person can lose the ability to function properly and show signs of illness.

Consequences of neglect cont.

• When social wellbeing is neglected, a person can become isolated and without support.

• If mental and emotional wellbeing is neglected, a person lacks the ability to make good decisions and does not think properly.

• If spiritual wellbeing is neglected, an individual can become disillusioned with their life and lacks motivation.

Aspects of hauoraWhen certain aspects of hauora are neglected, negative consequences result.

Link the neglected aspects of hauora with their negative consequences.

Aspects of hauora Negative consequences of neglect

1. Physical wellbeing- taha tinana

a. Overweight

2. Mental and emotional wellbeing

taha hinengaro

b Negative thoughts

3. Social wellbeing – taha whanau

c Breakdown of families

4. Spiritual wellbeing – taha wairua

d Lack of direction

e Sickness

f Psychiatric illness

g Nope hope

h Loneliness

Taha wairua (spiritual)

Taha tinana (physical)

Taha whanau (family)

Taha hinengaro (mental & emotional health)

Purpose in life

Being true to yourself

Goal setting

values

Personal belief structure

Cultural value

Mixing with others

Confidence

Flexibility

Health benefits

Weight management

nutrition Work rate

strength

sexualityPersonal idenity

Feeling fresh and healthyTeam strategies

Expression

Including others

Decision making

self

Enjoyment fun

Problem solving

Communication thoughts and feelings

Sense of achievement

friendships

Social interaction

Helping othersBeing included

Compassion caring

Benefits of participating in physical activityWhy people participate in physical activity

Physical needs.

• Developing physical fitnesss and skills

• Maintaining a healthy body weight

Social needs

• Socialising with others

• Being part of a team

Mental / Emotional needs• Expressing feeling and

emotion• Self esteem and making

decisions

Spiritual needs• Personal identity and

confidence.• Enjoyment, appreciation of

surroundings and challenge

Physical activity and its influence on taha tinana – physical wellbeing

• Makes muscles stronger and more flexible.

• Improves the ability of the heart and lungs to pump blood and oxygen around the body.

• Maintains joint and muscle function which allows people to move more easily.

• Reduces disease and illness.• Maintains a healthy body

weight by burning fat and maintaining muscle.

Physical activity and its influence on taha hinengaro - mental and emotional well-being

• Feelings and Emotions.• Feelings and emotions can be described as the mood state a person is in after a

situation has occurred.• Emotions can often have a physical reation attached to them, such as sweating,

hot flushes, or change in heartbeat.• Participating in physical activity can expose individuals to intense emotional

states as well as teach them how to control their emotions• The emotional state that a person is in during physical activity can have drastic

affects on the way they deal with the situation.• The feelings and emotions that a person experiences when participating in

physical activiity can range from peace tranquility [tramping] to extreme rage and contempt [conflict on the sports field]

• Emotions have a powerful effect on the way people view a situation.• Sometimes, a person’s perception can be totally different than reality.• The way in which a person expresses their emotions is a valuable lesson that can

be learnt through participation in physical activity.

• Peace Happiness Anger Sadness _____________________________________________________________ Calm emotions Intense emotions

Feelings and Emotions

• Peace• Occurs`when every one in the group

is in harmony with each other• It allows people to get on with each

other.• Associated with good times.

• Sadness• Defined as sorrow in someone’s life• Can be displayed as silence, crying

or other expressions• Usually occurs`when something

doesnot go well.• Losing an important game, losing a

close friend.

• Happiness• Defined as joy in someones life• Can be displayed with song, shouts

and other expressions.• Usually occurswhen things go well.

Winning an important game , seeing a close friend after a long time.

• Anger• Intense emotion can occur as result

of differences between people• Disagreeing with a team mate or

referee, experiencing foul play or being angry at youself for not playing well.

Self Esteem– Self esteem is the way someone feels aboout themselves.– Affects peoples` whole way of life, from how well they present

themselves to what type of challenges they set for themselves[ eg. Career prospects, friends they have and activities they participate in].

– Self esteem is the way we look at ourselves compared to others.– Self esteem involves our thoughts about what others probably think of us

and who we are. This is based on how others treat us in terms of their approval or disaproval of what we are doing and the respect they have for us.

– People often base their self esteem on how they compare to others. This leads to people competing against others and making others feel bad in order for a person’s self esteem to be approved. This is a dangerous attitude no one has control over what others do and there will always be someone that is as good or better than you.

– Self esteem shoud be based upon how a person feels about themselves and their own achievements.

– Everone has different goals and should set their hopes on making the most of what they have.

Effects of Self- Esteem

• High Self-esteem• Results in increased motivation• Involvement in learning.• Successful performance in

relationships• Assertiveness improves self esteem

Characteristics.• Happy• Content with life• Take on challenges• Confident• Show love and affection• Speak positively about themselves

and others.

• Low Self-esteem

• Binge eating on junk food• Drinking excess alcohol• Taking drugs• Problems with anger• Negative thoughts and talk

about others and oneself• Inability to show love and

affection• People are desperate to win

approval of others.• There fore are easily influenced

by others opinion inorder to fit in even if the results are antisocial

Self Esteem

• Self esteem can be enhanced through participating in physical activity when:

• Skills improve• Positive contributions are

made to a group performance.• Support and encouragement

are received from others.• Success is experienced in

ones own or teams performance [ scoring

a goal or winning the game]

• Self esteem can be damaged through participation in physical activity when:

• Skills do not improve• Contribution is not made to a

group performance• Harassment or

discouragement are received from others

• Failure is experienced in ones own or team performance [missing a shot causing

the team to lose].

Self esteem• Self esteem can be enhanced through

participating in physical activity when:

• Skills improve• Positive contributions are made to a group performance.• Support and encouragement are received from others.• Success is experienced in ones own or teams

performance [ scoring a goal or winning the game]

Self esteem• Self esteem can be damaged

through participation in physical activity when:

• Skills do not improve• Contribution is not made to a group performance• Harassment or discouragement are received

from others• Failure is experienced in ones own or team

performance [missing a shot causing the team to lose].

Physical activity and its influence on taha whanau- Social wellbeing

Group or individual activities

• Group Activities- Advantages

• Sense of belonging• Source of motivation• Gain encouragement from

interaction with others• By cooperating a person can be

more effective and achieve outcomes not possible by an individual.

- Disadvantages• Forced to get on with people you do

not like• Can experience nastiness or

harassment• Structured time for participating• Can feel let down by team mates

through lack of effort of their behaviour

• Individual Activities - Advantages• Reliant on own effort• Do not experience harassment

or nastiness from others• Benefical when you want time

out from others.

- Disadvantages• Don’t experience motivation

and encouragement from others.

• No one to share the experience of a good training session or

performance with

Communicating with others

Participating in physical activity allows individuals to develop skills in the area of communicating with others as well as being sensitive to and considerate of their needs. This can include:

Comforting someone who is sad Speaking nicely to someone by encouraging them. Important when speaking to someone to be gentle, words can be harmful. When having to say something negative or critical, try and say it nicely. When someone has been disappointed, that person is very fragile emotionally, and

they could take your comments the wrong way. Individuals need to realise that not everyone responds and feels the same way to

physical activity. They respond differently according to their personality and nature. What makes one person estatic,will make another thankful, and yet another sad. Regular participation can help people understand others better and get along with one

another.• Indicators to how someone is feeling.• 1. Look at how they are behaving.• 2. Listen to what they are saying• 3. Consider the situation that has occurred• 4. Remember how they have acted in a similar situation in the past

Friendships• Participating in physical activity allows individuals to spend time with

others on a regular basis, and in doing so, develop a friendship.

• Friends provide companionship, support and care for each of the friends in the relationship.

• Showing an genuine interest in others, whilst participating in physical activity, sends a message that they are valued and therefore they will tend to show an interest towards you.

• Not everyone who appears to be a friend is actually one.

• Some people associate with people only because it suits them.

• True friendships are often tested in times of trial.

• True friends remain when the going gets tough

Supporting others• Putting others needs before your own is an act of scarifice,

involving giving up something that you would like to do.• This quality is increasingly hard to find in a world that rewards people

for looking after their own needs first.• Supporting others in physical activity shows people that you value

them and makes them feel special. It can include the following: Introducing a person to other members of a group Giving advice about group activities. Including a person in practices by passing them the ball Complementing and encouraging a person while they are

participating. Be an Encourager. Participating in successful groups requires people to give and receive

compliments. Complimenting someone else gives them encouragement and makes

them feel good about what they are doing. Receiving compliments from others is a good source of

encouragement and would reinforce an individuals participation in a physical activity

Physical activity allows people to display qualities of a good friend

• Respect• Treat others with honour and dignity

• Respect needs to be earned and is achieved by treating others well

• Respect is shown towards others when their needs are put first,spoken to politely, and listened to and taken note.

• Trust• Trust allows a person to share secrets

• Need to be careful who you share things with, people can let you down

• Trust needs to earned over time

• Honesty• Showing honesty can be hard

• Requires integrity to tell the truth when it will hurt the team

• These lifeskills are something that everyone needs to learn to be able to get along with others.

• Faithfulness• Loyalty

• Ability to stick things out even when the going gets tough.

• Loyalty to a team will allow members of that team to make sacrifies in order to put the team first.

Physical activity and its influence on taha wairua- spiritual wellbeing

• Physical activity influences spiritually through giving people identity and developing confidence as well as allowing them to relax and enjoy their surroundings.

• Spirituality in turn influences all areas of our lives.

• Some meet their spiritual need through a religious connection and others through a commitment to finding a personal identity

• Spiritual health is made up of a personal purpose

Personal identity and confidence• A person’s personal identity is made up of ideas about who they think they

are.• These ideas come from what the person believes other people think about

them.• All individuals are unique and posses different gifts- some have intellectual

gifts, others have social gifts, and still others have spiritual gifts.• Physical activity allows those that have physical gifts to express themselves

and feel good about who they are. • This gives them identification, confidence and purpose. • It makes them feel good about themselves• For those that do not have physical gifts and talents, physical activity can be a

discouraging experience that makes them feel awkward.• People that are physically talanted are able to express themselves through

movement, it gives them a chance to show others who they are and what they are capable of physically.

• It is a vehicle of communication and personal expression with others [ they may not feel as comfortable communicating verbally or socially compared with others

Confidence• Confidence can be defined as a person’s belief in themselves to achieve a

task that is before them.

• Physical activity gives participants a sense of achievement.

• It allows them to feel healthy and good about themselves which develops self esteem, a sense of achievement and confidence.

• Confident people take things on.

• By completing challenges successfully, you can build your confidence.

When an individual experiences success in physical activity the sense of achievement can serve as an encouragement to continue working hard at what they are participating in to improve futher

When an individual experiences failure in physical actiovity this can serve as discouragement to continue to work hard and they may give up what they are participating in

Because structured sport is often competitive in nature and pits individuals against each other, there invariably be a winner and a loser. It is important that an individual takes pride in their own performance and improving themselves without comparing themselves with anyone else.

Discipline and Perseverance• Participation in physical activity can teach individuals to develop

discipline annd perserverance. These characteristics have many flow on affects into other aspects of life.

• Can lead to success in business and personal relationships.

• Perserverance is carrying on in the face of adversity.

• Success is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.

• Discipline and perserverance rquire a person to make a conscious decision even though they may not like the outcome .

• Perserverance allows people to compete at a higher level because they work harder at what they are doing

Enjoyment, appreciation of surroundings and challenge

• People involved in physical activity are often removed from their normal environment. This gives them a chance to think clearly and relax because they are away from the pressure and strains of everyday life.

• Allows people to enjoy the environment and appreciate nature.• Participation in physical activity can give people a sense of

enjoyment and also allows them to interact in a different environment.

• Experiencing the thrill of competition, the ability to move graciously, complete a skill with ease, are some of the physical experiences that lead people to enjoy physical activity.

Challenge

• Performing a physical activity for the first time can be a new and challenging experience.

• Learning the skills and rules as well as the physical requirements of an activity can prove to be a challenge and gives people participating a challenge to overcome.This can provide enjoyment and excitement and is the reason why people often choose to continue in an activity.

• However the uncertainty and daunting nature of a new activity, coupled with new surroundings and strange people, can be a reason why people choose not to participate at all.