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A Q G T S W H O H T G U

FDR’s New DealFDR’s New Deal

The Federal Government combats the Great Depression

Change in President

• 1933 FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) takes office– Landslide victory in 1932 election

Banks Unemployment Industrial Production

Farmers/Agriculture Regional Planning

Stock Market Elderly/Disabled/Less

Fortunate/Impoverished

The Hundred Days

• Roosevelt pushed Congress to act:– NEW DEAL

• “A new deal for the American People”• Relief for people’s suffering• Recovery of the depressed economy• Reforms to prevent future crisis

Fireside Chats• Roosevelt used radio to

speak to public– “I never saw him, but I

knew him.”• Helped encourage

Americans during tough times– Spoke calmly and

clearly• First one regarding

trusting Banks

• Polio– Illness

Ideas for the Banks

• Banking Crisis– Bank Holiday

• Temporarily closed all nation’s banks

• Stop the panic

– Emergency Banking Act• Govt. could examine each

bank (fix it or close it)

– Within 2 weeks banks reopened

• Government assurances to restore public confidence in banks

• People started returning funds

Have some help!• Public Works Administration

– Government-funded building projects• Provide jobs

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)– employment for men 18-25– Paid to work on conservation projects– Required to send most earnings to family

A little bit more…

• CWA (Civil Works Administration)– Winter employment to 4 million workers– Built highways, sewer lines, hundreds of airports, and

more

New Deal- Industry and Labor

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)-

Prevent extreme competition, overproduction, labor-management disputes

Labor leaders and industrial leaders

Max. hours, min. wages established

Price fixing

Antitrust laws suspended for two years

National Recovery Administration

Created to enforce NIRA

“blue eagle”- we do our part

Constitutional???

And more help…• Federal Securities Act

– Forced companies to share financial info with public

– Help investors and restore confidence

• SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)– Govt. watchdog over stock

market• TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

– Most far-reaching New Deal program

– Built dams throughout Southeast

• Provided cheap electricity throughout the region

• Provided jobs throughout the region

• Aided in shipping routes

Effects of the First New Deal

• 1933-1935- – GNP rose from $74

billion to $91 billion– Wages increased about

50%• Avg. weekly earnings-

$16.73 to $20.13– Farm income more than

doubled– Unemployment dropped

from 25% to 20%• Far short of the pre-

depression- 3.2%

• Things improved but were not solved

Second New Deal and Second 100 Days• New wave of government initiatives that started in 1935• Known as the Second Hundred Days• More extensive relief for farmers and workers• Re-creation of the AAA to help farmers• Social Security for the elderly

• Social Security Act—Federal pension system for the elderly

The Impact of the New Deal

• New Deal marked significant shift in relationship between govt. and people.

• Govt. had central role in business and personal lives for the first time.

• The Federal Government expanded and developed into what historians refer to as the “welfare state”

• Triggered strong reactions—the “welfare state”—people existing on government handouts and relying too much on government to provide benefits

• Some feared FDR’s policies were too friendly to banks and big business

• Others worried about balance of power and checks and balances– Executive, Legislative, Judicial Branches

• Supreme Court ruled against some New Deal programs as unconstitutional (NRA and the AAA)

The Court Packing Plan

• FDR was frustrated that Supreme Court struck down many New Deal programs such as the NRA and AAA

• FDR asked Congress to extend Presidential power to expand Supreme Court by 6 justices—these justices would vote to keep FDRs New Deal legislation in place

New Deal DBQ!!!

• Was the new deal a success or failure?

• Use the documents on my website to determine the success of FDR’s New Deal

• Complete the analysis sheet• Write an intro paragraph that supports your

argument – DON’T FORGET A THESIS!• Due Thursday

Relief, Recovery, Reform

• Relief programs gave billions to poor Americans• Millions received direct relief, steady paychecks, social security, and

unemployment

• Less successful in Recovery• 13 million unemployed in 1933• 10 million remained unemployed in 1939

– (real reduction would have required billions more to be spent)

• Reforms more successful• FDIC continues to serve nation’s economy• SEC is still relied on in Wall Street• WPA built 2,500 hospitals, 6,000 schools, 18,000 sculptures

A Changed Relationship• New Deal forever changed relationship between

Govt. and people– New role meant larger government and the

development of the “Modern Welfare State”

“It cannot be successfully denied that whatever the merits of the New Deal policies, they have, as a whole, caused an appreciable drift away from individual responsibility and self-reliance. They have brought about an excessive, false, and dangerous reliance upon government.”

Saturday Evening Post, Nov. 6, 1936

What do you think?

After reading the different views on FDR and his New Deal, which view would you say is most persuasive and why?...Which view do you most agree with?

BOOKS

After the New Deal

• Americans, Congress, and FDR turned their attention away from the Great Depression– Europe appeared on the brink of another war

• American factories geared up for arms– Millions of workers returned to assembly lines

• In a few months from 1939-1940 America achieved what years of political struggle couldn’t: an end to the Great Depression

Culture in the 1930’sAs you read 716-720, take notes over how the following aspects of culture blossomed during the Depression. (at least 4 facts per category)

1.Movies -

2.Radio -

3.Arts -

4.Literature -

For your US History Final…• Great Depression – Years?• Causes• Stock Market Crash –

When and why?• Dust Bowl• Hoover vs FDR

• New Deal Goals• New Deal Programs• Unemployment• Life During Depression –

Culture?• Bonus Army

Your final will be composed of mostly questions over the Great Depression but also some over our previous units this semester…•Foundation of America/Civil War•Industrialization/Progressivism•Imperialism and WWI•1920s