Emerging Strategies
for Cell Captive Structures
Moderator: Craig WatanabeRegional Manager - Strategic Risk Solutions (West)
Thursday, November 7, 2013 * Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel – Island of Hawaii
1
Speakers: Melissa HancockRegional Manager - Strategic Risk Solutions (East)
Cindy BelcherChief Operating Officer - Cooperative of American Physicians Insurance Company, Inc.
Sanford SaitoActing Deputy Commissioner & Captive Insurance Administrator -
State of Hawaii, Insurance Division
Single
ParentGroup
Sponsored
Protected
Cell
2
Parent
Captives
Group
Captives
Cell
Segregated
Cell
Incorporated
Series LLC
Cell Captive Insurance Evolution
1997
Guernsey Protected Cell
Co. (2006: ICC added)
Cayman Protected Cell
1999
Vermont “Sponsored
2005
Jersey Incorporated
Cell Captive
Offshore
Rent-a-
captives1991
Bermuda Separate
Accounts Co. (2000:segregated account Co)
Vermont “Sponsored
Captives”;
Hawaii “Leased Capital
Facility” Captives
3
2009
Delaware
Series LLC;
2011
Vermont ICC;
Tennessee ICC
2013
What ‘s Next?
4
2006 –
DC ICC
Series LLC;
Vanuatu LLC 2010
Malta ICC
What ‘s Next?
-Cayman ICC
-SC ICC
-TN Series LLC
-UT Series LLC
-Others?
• New domiciles added to the mix with cell provisions
– Maine, New Jersey
• Many domiciles expand their law to introduce or improve
cell provisions
– Cayman, Malta, Tennessee, Vermont
5
• Several domiciles considering further expansion
– Delaware formalizing Series LLC structure as part of captive laws
– Tennessee, Vermont and Utah looking at making the Series LLC
structure available in their jurisdiction
– Vermont refining laws around incorporated cell captives
Anguilla Arizona Bahamas
Barbados Bermuda British Virgin Islands
Cayman Delaware District of Columbia
Dubai Gibraltar Guam
Guernsey Hawaii Iowa
Cell Captive Insurance Evolution - Domiciles
6
Guernsey Hawaii Iowa
Isle of Man Jersey Kentucky
Maine Malta Mauritius
Montana Nevada New Jersey
Oklahoma South Africa South Carolina
St. Lucia Utah Vanuatu
Per 2008 Cell Company Handbook – Captive Review (adjusted and not necessarily all inclusive)
Differences Between Domiciles
• Terminology
• Capital Requirements
• Limitations on Business
Sponsor• Sponsor
• Corporate Structure
• Core Liability
• Cell to Cell Agreement
• Incorporated Cells
Growth Has Exceeded Expectations
• All leading domiciles report addition of new cell captives and
a number of new cells
– Delaware now has in excess of 360 SBUs in operation (180 formed in
2012)
• Middle market development is the biggest driver behind cell
captive growth
• Many captive managers and other service providers join the
ranks of cell captive owners or have ownership in multiple
facilities
8
Growth and Increased Usage Brings Up
More Questions/Issues• While clearer, tax treatment of cell captives is still uncertain
– Final Regulations on Series LLCs and Cell companies on IRS
Guidance Priority List
• Are the perceived additional belt and suspender benefits of
incorporated cell structures ultimately worth the hassle?
• New regulatory fees introduced by Delaware on formation
of new SBUs
• How much capital, if any, do you need in your cell
– Regulatory/Operational concerns vs. Tax Treatment concerns
9
Basic Types
OfOf
Cell Captives
Traditional Rent-A-Captive Structure
Rent-a-Captive (Segregated Cell Captive)
• Organized to insure or reinsure the risks of unrelated shareholders;
the cells are “renting” the minimum capital maintained by sponsors
• Each insured utilize underwriting “cell” within the overall company
• Activity in cell is governed by participation agreement or preferred
share arrangement
– No legal entity formed by the insured (traditional cell captive)
– Other legal arrangements are available (incorporated cell)
• Critical tax and collateral issues need to be considered
Why or Why Not a Rent-a-Captive
Pros
• Capital support for risk and ongoing operating costs, no or small
minimum
• Usually faster to form and shut down, depending on the domicile
• Can be used as an incubator for a specific short term projects or as
a way to get your feet wet before forming a wholly owned captive
• A way to legally segregate risks within or between organizations
without the costs of forming and operating multiple captives
Why or Why Not a Rent-a-Captive
Cons
• A certain level of control is relinquished to the sponsor
(investment flexibility, service providers, dividends, etc….)
• Ability to expand program might be restricted or subject to • Ability to expand program might be restricted or subject to
sponsor approval
• Time commitment for operation and management about
the same as stand alone captive
• Contractual and captive law risk segregation has never
been tested in the courts
Participant
Insured
AAA Co.
Fronting
Insurer
Reinsurance AgreementParticipation
Agreement
Traditional Sponsored Cell Captive
“on behalf of”
Sponsored
Captive
Cell
AAA
Cell
BBB
Cell
CCC
Reinsurance Agreement
(on behalf of Cell AAA)
Supported by Trust
Agreement or Letter of Credit
Agreement
Incorporated Cell Captive
Association of Opihi Pickers
Opihi Insurance
Front - Aloha Insurance Co.
Member AssociationMember Association
Front - Great Hawaiian Ins Co.
Opihi Insurance
Company, Inc. ICC
Incorporated Cell –1
Assumed Coverage Great
Hawaiian
Incorporated Cell 2
Assumed Coverage Aloha
Association of Opihi Pickers offers specialty insurance products to
association members distributed via brokerage partner
SERIES
ASERIES
D
Series LLC Captive
XYZ Series LLC
A
OWNER
B
OWNER
A
OWNER
C
OWNER
D
Multiple Series may be formed, typically
similar in size and risk structure, but not
always
SERIES
C
D
SERIES
B
Cell Captive Types at a Glance
Description Traditional Cell Captive Incorporated Cell Series LLC
Regulatory Governance Captive insurance laws Captive insurance laws Corporate laws
Ownership None (preferred shares
might be issued)
Direct (common shares) LLC Membership Interest
Cell structure created via Contract Contract and Corporate law Contractual and Corporate
LawLaw
Governance None – contractual rights
only
Normal governance – limited
by contract
Mixed – determined by
contract
Operating Agreement Participation agreement Participation agreement Series agreement
Ease of Formation Generally quickest Similar to standalone
corporation
Easy and flexible
Process of Formation Change of Business Plan Full Application Full SBU application, fee may
apply
Liability protection/
segregation
No historical reference Should follow corporate law References to mutual fund/
life insurance industry
Accounting
and and
Regulatory Reporting
Basic Objectives
• Each protected cell or series must be accounted for separately
on the books and records of the captive.
• Annual filing of financial statements detailing financial
experience of each protected cell or series
Annual filing requirements differ by domicile• Annual filing requirements differ by domicile
• Premium tax filings differ by type and domicile
Financial Reporting
• Financial reporting not yet consistent, may be domicile
specific, but standardization emerging as audit firms become
familiar with the structure
• Cell structure is unique under U.S. GAAP and International • Cell structure is unique under U.S. GAAP and International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
• Cell structures are generally combined, not consolidated
• Inconsistent reporting among captives and domiciles
• Financial statement user needs may need to be considered
Weaknesses
• Issues related to financial information::
– Proprietary and confidential information may be need to be
protected
– Complicated presentation styles
– Possibly unlikely to meet client user needs– Possibly unlikely to meet client user needs
– Audit firm may contemplate each entity or sampling depending
on views & domicile requirements
– Regulatory examination may contemplate each entity or
sampling depending on views domicile requirements
Sample Balance SheetSponsor Cell #1 Combined Cell #2 Cell #3
ASSETSCash and Cash Equivalents 753,373.26 3,608,475.41 4,361,848.67 100,000.00 100,000.00 Funds Withheld - - - 180,000.00 Insurance Balances Receivable - 300,826.42 300,826.42 50,000.00 100,000.00 Prepaid Expenses 4,140.94 10,000.00 14,140.94 - -Due from Other Entities 87,768.28 348,139.34 435,907.62 - 183,333.00 Federal Income Tax Receivable 30,000.00 - 30,000.00 - -Reinsurance Recoverable on Paid Losses - 985,936.27 985,936.27 55,000.00 -Cell 2: Total Assets - - 385,000.00 - -Cell 3: Total Assets - - 383,333.00 - -
TOTAL ASSETS 875,282.48 5,253,377.44 6,896,992.92 385,000.00 383,333.00 TOTAL ASSETS 875,282.48 5,253,377.44 6,896,992.92 385,000.00 383,333.00
LIABILITIES, CAPITAL AND SURPLUSLIABILITIESPayables and Accruals 128,845.67 108,510.90 237,356.57 30,250.00 203,500.00 Losses Payable - 307,396.63 307,396.63 - -Reinsurance Premium Payable - 81,143.32 81,143.32 55,000.00 153,291.28 Loss Reserves - 1,163,970.00 1,163,970.00 100,000.00 -Cell 2: Total Liabilities and Capital & Surplus - - 385,000.00 - -Cell 3: Total Liabilities and Capital & Surplus - - 383,333.00 - -
TOTAL LIABILITIES 128,845.67 1,661,020.85 2,558,199.52 185,250.00 356,791.28 CAPITAL AND SURPLUSContributed Surplus 762,500.00 2,810,211.15 3,572,711.15 25,000.00 -Retained Earnings (16,063.19) 782,145.44 766,082.25 174,750.00 26,541.72
TOTAL CAPITAL AND SURPLUS 746,436.81 3,592,356.59 4,338,793.40 199,750.00 26,541.72
TOTAL LIABILITIES, CAPITAL AND SURPLUS 875,282.48 5,253,377.44 6,896,992.92 385,000.00 383,333.00
Sample Income Statement
Consolidated
Sponsor Cell #1 Total Cell #2 Cell #3
UNDERWRITING INCOME:
Net Premiums Earned - 4,725,663.06 4,725,663.06 1,375,693.68 3,854,227.30
UNDERWRITING EXPENSES:
Total Losses Incurred - 3,178,661.86 3,178,661.86 251,714.00 3,369,377.87
Policy Acquisition Expenses - 39,666.38 39,666.38 89,393.87 19,782.00
TOTAL UNDERWRITING EXPENSES - 3,218,328.24 3,218,328.24 341,107.87 3,389,159.87
UNDERWRITING INCOME - 1,507,334.82 1,507,334.82 1,034,585.81 465,067.43
Interest Income - - - 111.66 -
Participation Fee Income 112,511.97 - 112,511.97 - -
Operating Expenses 128,575.16 595,434.78 724,009.94 77,194.97 78,263.07
LOSS BEFORE TAXES (16,063.19) 911,900.04 895,836.85 957,502.50 386,804.36
Federal Income Tax - 129,754.60 129,754.60 - -
Net Loss (16,063.19) 782,145.44 766,082.25 957,502.50 386,804.36
Cell 2: Net Income - - 957,502.50 - -
Cell 3: Net Income - - 386,804.36 - -
TOTAL NET INCOME (LOSS) (16,063.19) 782,145.44 2,110,389.11 957,502.50 386,804.36
Offshore Regulatory Reporting –
Cayman & Bermuda• Cayman captives are required to file:
– GAAP based audited financial statements
– Modular versus Columnar approach
– CIMA INForm – electronic submission of financial information
– Financial information is combined from all core and all cells and submitted in one filing.
• Bermuda Segregated Account Companies are required to file:
– Default requirement is a combined basis presentation for all segregated accounts and general account in
one filing.
– Audited statutory financial return.
– But many companies with segregated accounts that are “fully funded” obtain a “Section 56” exemptions
allowing:
i. Balance Sheet presentation of all Segregated Account assets & liabilities as line items on a combined
basis
ii. Exemption from obtaining actuary loss reserve opinion
Cooperative of American Physicians, Inc. (CAP)
• California consumer cooperative – created in 1975
• Medical Professional Liability (MPL)
affordability and availability crisisaffordability and availability crisis
• Exodus of commercial insurers
• Legislative response
• California Insurance code 1280.7
• Authorization of interindemnity trust
arrangements for MPL
• Mutual Protection Trust (MPT)
• Interindemnity arrangement created in 1977
– 500 members and $10 million
• Mission statement:• Mission statement:
“We support and protect California’s finest physicians.”
• 12,000+ member physicians, >$340 million
• AM Best rating A+, superior
CAP Features
• Risk Management & Patient Safety focus
• CAP Cares program• CAP Cares program
• Experienced claims professionals
• Dedicated law firm
• Tool of binding arbitration
• Subsidiary insurance agency
• CAPSource
• October 17, 2002 - Initially licensed as a Class 1 Pure Captive
• Objectives:
• Supplemental layer of reinsurance for MPT
• Protection from vagaries of reinsurance marketplace
Cooperative of American Physicians
Insurance Company, Inc. (CAPIC)
• Protection from vagaries of reinsurance marketplace
post 9/11
• Aggregate stop loss for MPT
• Smoothing of future pricing fluctuations
• Additional coverages added later
• Direct insurance to CAP
• MedGuard
• Employment Practices
Cooperative of American Physicians
Insurance Company, Inc. (CAPIC)
• Employment Practices
• Supplemental Professional Liability
-
2011 - CAP’s Need for Product Diversify
• Ever-changing healthcare environment
• Larger, integrated medical groups• Larger, integrated medical groups
• Geographic areas crossing state lines
• Need for a more traditional insurance framework
• Potential for new risks not typical to medical
professional liability
-
Cooperative of American Physicians
Insurance Company, Inc. (CAPIC)
• January 1, 2012 - Converted to a Class 3 Risk Retention
Captive Insurance Company
• Objectives
– Primary MPL insurance product for larger groups
– Supplemental reinsurance to MPT– Supplemental reinsurance to MPT
– Direct insurance to CAP for MedGuard and EP and
Supplemental Professional Liability
-
Cooperative of American Physicians
Insurance Company, Inc. (CAPIC)
2012
• CAP successfully partners with a national carrier for the
purpose of writing hospitals in California.
• CAPIC RRG faces regulatory hurdles
– Varying regulatory practices in nondomiciliary states
– Differing interpretations of the LRRA
– Hurdles make marketing the product difficult
• National carrier agrees to partner on large medical groups
Cooperative of American Physicians
Insurance Company, Inc. (CAPIC)
• May 29, 2013 – CAPIC converted to a Class 4 Sponsored
Captive Insurance Company
– Continue to provide reinsurance to MPT
– Continue to provide direct coverage to CAP
– CAPIC participates in the reinsurance in the large group – CAPIC participates in the reinsurance in the large group
and hospital space through a quota share agreement with
our partner
– Cells may be useful tool in the future
Class 4 – Sponsored Captive
Insurance Companies
• HRS Chapter 431, Article 19, Part 300
• Concept initially enacted in 1999 as “Leased
Capital Facility”Capital Facility”
• Subsequently amended to generally be
consistent with other U.S. captive domiciles
35
Basic Requirements for a
Sponsored Captive Insurance Company
• Minimum statutory capital of $500,000, and
provided by one or more sponsors
• Qualification of Sponsor:• Qualification of Sponsor:
– Hawaii licensed insurer, reinsurer or captive insurer, or
– Any other person, company, or organization approved by
the Insurance Commissioner
• A risk retention captive may not be a sponsor or
participant
36
Participant Requirements
• Associations, Limited Liability Companies,
Partnerships, Trusts and other Business Entities
approved by Insurance Commissioner
• Sponsor may also be a Participant• Sponsor may also be a Participant
• Participant does not have to be a shareholder or
member of the sponsored captive or any affiliate
thereof
• Participant shall insure only its own risks through a
sponsored captive insurance company
37
Protected Cell Requirements
• Sponsored captive may establish one or more protected
cell(s)
• Protected cell can be organized and operated as an • Protected cell can be organized and operated as an
association, corporation, LLC, partnership, trust or other
business form authorized by Insurance Commissioner
• Separate accounting for each protected cell
• Assets of a protected cell not chargeable with liabilities
from other insurance business conducted by the
sponsored captive
38
Protected Cell Requirements<continued>
• Sale, exchange, or other transfer of assets require consent of protected cells and sponsor, and approval of Insurance Commissioner
• Written notification to the Insurance Commissioner • Written notification to the Insurance Commissioner within 10 days of insolvency or inability of any cell to meet its claims or expense obligations.
• Participant contracts and addition or withdrawal of protected cells require prior approval of the Insurance Commissioner
39
Protected Cell Requirements<continued>
• Annual audited financial statements, with accounting
of financial experience of each protected cell.
• Investment requirements:• Investment requirements:
– Assets of 2 or more protected cells may be combined for
investment purposes, and not construed as defeating the
segregation of assets for accounting or other purposes
– Must otherwise comply with Article 19-110 requirements
• Sponsored captives are subject to Article 15
40
Sponsored Captive Demographics
• Actively Licensed Sponsored Captives => 4
• Industry Participation:
– Healthcare, Financial Services, Transportation & Distribution
• Geographic Distribution:Geographic Distribution:
– U.S. based sponsors => 4
– Non-U.S. sponsors => 1
• Types of Risks Insured
– Professional Liability
– Mortgage Reinsurance
– Life Reinsurance
– Medical Stop Loss
41
Emerging Strategies
for Cell Captive Structures
Moderator: Craig WatanabeRegional Manager - Strategic Risk Solutions (West)
Thursday, November 7, 2013 * Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel – Island of Hawaii
42
Speakers: Melissa HancockRegional Manager - Strategic Risk Solutions (East)
Cindy BelcherChief Operating Officer - Cooperative of American Physicians Insurance Company, Inc.
Sanford SaitoActing Deputy Commissioner & Captive Insurance Administrator -
State of Hawaii, Insurance Division