Date post: | 08-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | vasu-gupta |
View: | 227 times |
Download: | 0 times |
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 1/38
HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Presented by:Rahul Pratap Chaudhary(08ME01033)
Anurag Samantaray (08ME01018)K.Vamshi Krishna (08ME01026)
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 2/38
What is a hazardous Waste?
Potentially hazardous to human health.
Cannot be disposed off by commonmeans.
Requires special disposable techniquesto reduce it.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 3/38
Types:
Characteristic Hazardous wastes
1.Ignitablility(flammability)
2.Corrosive3.Reactivity4.Toxic(Poison)
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 4/38
Types contd:
Listed Hazardous waste based on specificsource or process , no tests required.
The F-List (non specific sources) The K-List (Specific sources) The P-List (Acutely hazardous) The U-List (Hazardous)
The P-list and U-list arebasically Discarded waste.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 5/38
Ignitability
A waste exhibits the characteristic ofIgnitability (flammability) if it:
has a flash point less than 60°C (140°F).
is a solid capable of causing fire throughfriction, absorption of moisture/water or
spontaneous chemical change.
is an ignitable compressed gas.
Ex: waste oil and used solvents
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 6/38
Corrosive
Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pHless than or equal to 2, or greater thanor equal to 12.5) that are capable ofcorroding metal containers, such as
storage tanks, drums, and barrels.
Ex: Battery acid
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 7/38
Reactivity
Normally unstable.
Reacts violently with water/moisture.
Forms an explosive mixture with water.
Generates toxic gases when mixed withwater.
Ex: Lithium-sulfur batteries and
explosives
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 8/38
Toxicity
Toxic wastes are those containingconcentrations of certain substances inexcess of regulatory thresholds whichare expected to cause injury or illness tohuman health or the environment.
Ex: plate processing chemicals andwaste fixer
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 9/38
Universal Hazardous waste
Universal wastes are a specific type ofhazardous waste generated bymanufacturing industries, commercial
properties, hospitals, auto shops and inthe application of pesticides/herbicides.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 10/38
Sources
Industries – Largest source.
Petroleum – oils, grease, suspendedsolids, etc.
Chemical – acids, bases, organic carbonand nitrogen.
Pulp and paper – wood fibers, dioxins,furans.
Consumers – paints, solvents, batteries,pesticides.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 11/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 12/38
Harmful effects of hazardous
wastes: Health effects from exposure to hazardous waste
can include:a. Cancerb. Birth defects
c. Genetic mutations
Living in proximity to a poorly maintained landfill orhazardous waste site can cause serious health
effects, especially in children.
Some researchers have determined that theoverall risk of birth defects may be increasedslightly by living close to a hazardous waste site.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 13/38
Contd: Exposure to harmful chemicals can come from:
Air - Toxic chemicals from the soil can be vaporized inareas such as basements, causing high concentrations ofhazardous chemical gases in the home.
Groundwater - If harmful chemicals are present in the soilsurrounding a water supply, they can seep into the watersupply and cause harmful effects, even in small amounts.
Soil - If a former landfill or waste site is developed as
commercial or residential property without going throughthe proper abatement/remediation measures, soil canremain contaminated long after waste dumping hasceased.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 14/38
Why Hazardous Waste Management?
it is required in order to reduce theeffects of the hazardous wastes.
But this obvious answer didn’t come
into our minds until 1989 when thefirst set of Hazardous wastemanagement rules(HWM) came intoforce in India.
So, we are in an urgent need of thistype of managements to preservenatural resources.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 15/38
Management
Storage
Treatment
Disposal
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 16/38
Storage
Temporary containment of waste.
Done for transport or treatment/disposal.
Environment and health hazardous canrise.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 17/38
Details for storage
Adequate storage volume should beavailable.
Conveniently located containers.
Segregating hazardous waste (importantfor radioactive wastes).
Treatment and disposal should be
carried out efficiently.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 18/38
Treatment:
Recycling
Solidification/stabilization
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 19/38
Recycling:
Many HWs can be recycled into new products.
Examples - lead-acid batteries or electronic circuitboards where the heavy metals can be recoveredand used in new products.
The most common consumer products recycledinclude aluminium beverage cans ,steel food andaerosol cans, HDPE and PET bottles , glassbottles etc.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 20/38
Solidification/Stabilization
Most unique application of cement inwaste management.
Portland cement is mixed into waste to
make it more solid.
Reduce the toxicity and solubility.
Make industrial waste safe
for land disposal.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 21/38
Disposal
Neutralization
Incineration ,destruction
Hazardous waste landfill
Pyrolysis
Plasma gasification
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 22/38
Neutralization
Some HW can be neutralized so that thehazardous component of the waste iseliminated: making it a non-hazardous
waste.
Example - a corrosive acid that is
neutralized with a basic substance sothat it is no-longer corrosive.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 23/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 24/38
Incineration , destruction and waste
to energy
Involves combustion of organicsubstances contained in waste material.
Ash formed due to inorganicconstituents is carried off by flue gas.
Flue gas is cleaned/treated before
releasing it into the atmosphere. Heat generated used for electric power.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 25/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 26/38
Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering &
isolation):
Landfill – mostly in deserted pits andmining voids.
Hygienic and inexpensive.
Containing faeces, keeping vermin andrats at bay.
Extraction of landfill gas due through
perforated pipes.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 27/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 28/38
Pyrolysis:
Some hazardous waste types may beeliminated using pyrolysis in an ultra hightemperature electrical arc, in inertconditions to avoid combustion.
This treatment method may be preferableto high temperature incineration in somecircumstances such as in the destruction ofconcentrated organic waste types,including PCBs, pesticides and otherpersistent organic pollutants.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 29/38
Pyrolysis
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 30/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 31/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 32/38
Radioactive waste Management
The amount of radioactive wastes is very small relativeto wastes produced by fossil fuel for electricitygeneration.
But even a small amount of this waste can really be
harmful.
The radio active wastes are classified as:
1. Very low level waste
2. Low-level waste3. Intermediate-level waste4. High-level waste.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 33/38
contd…
The high-level waste is particularly a richsource a energy which can be tapped.
Some more methods for radioactive wastemanagement are –
• Vitrification
• Geologic disposal
• Transmutation• Re-use of waste
• Space disposal
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 34/38
Vitrification
Long-term storage of radioactive waste. stabilization of the waste into a form
which will neither react nor degrade forextended periods of time.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 35/38
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 36/38
Geologic disposal -
The process of selecting appropriate deep
final repositories for high level waste.
Transmutation -
the conversion of one chemical element or
isotope into another less harmful element.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 37/38
Re-use of waste -
A option to find applications for theisotopes in nuclear waste so as to re-usethem.
Space disposal -
it permanently removes nuclear waste fromthe environment but It may cause
catastrophic failure of a launch vehiclewhich would spread radioactive materialinto the atmosphere and around the world.
8/7/2019 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT_1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazardous-waste-management1 38/38
thank you