Hazards Risk Analysis n Scank

8/20/2019 Hazards Risk Analysis n Scank

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Fire Station, GIDC, Ankleshwar- 2

[email protected]

[email protected]

Ph. No. !"2#$#% 22"22&, #'()")

Disaster Pre*ention + anaement Centre

Hazard Assessment and Risk Hazard Assessment and Risk

Management Techniques for Management Techniques for

Industries Industries

Prepared / 0Prepared / 0 1IA3 ASA41IA3 ASA4Chief Co-ordinator,

DPMC

mailto:[email protected]






Disaster Risk Management

5he s/stematic process o6 7sin

administrati*e decisions,

oranisation, operational skills and

capacities to implement policies,strateies and copin capacities o6

the societies and comm7nities to

lessen the impacts o6en*ironmental and technoloical

disasters.



Disaster Risk Reduction

5he concept7al 6ramework o6

elements considered with the

possiilities to minimi8e

*7lnerailitiies and disaster riskthro7ho7t a societ/, to a*oid

!pre*ention% or to limit !mitiation

and preparedness% the ad*erseimpacts o6 ha8ards.



What is system safety? What is system safety?

The system safety concept is the application of

special technical and managerial skills to the

systematic, forward-looking identification and

control of hazards throughout the life cycle of a

project, program, or activity The concept calls for

safety analyses and hazard control actions,

!eginning with the conceptual phase of a systemand continuing through the design, production,

testing, use, and disposal phases, until the activity

is retired



Chemical hazards Chemical hazards 5/pe o6 chemical ha8ards

aterial ha8ard 0 "azardous nature of chemicals

like #nflamma!le, e$plosive, to$ic, corrosive, reactive,

radioactive, reducing, o$idizing, decomposing or

incompati!le.

Process ha8ards 0 #n process, chemical and

physical change, chemical reaction, pressure,

temperature, level, flow, %uantity and other

parameters create

1essel ha8ards 0 The vessels and e%uipments in

which the chemicals are stored, handled or reacted

pose.



Chemical hazards Chemical hazards 5/pe o6 chemical ha8ards

Control ha8ards 0 The inade%uate, defective, under

design or wrongly modified control devices or their of

failure cause.

Fire ha8ards 0 Fire or e9plosion

5o9ic ha8ards 0 &ffluent disposal and gaseous

emissions !ring pollution and to$ic hazards

:andlin ha8ards 0 'eaks, spills and splashes

cause



Chemical hazards Chemical hazards

Ph/sical ha8ards or health ha8ards

Ph/sical :a8ards 0 Corrosives, ($plosives

etc

:ealth :a8ards 0 To$ic, #rritants and )$ides

Accident an emerenc/ ha8ard

&!sence, nonuse or failure of fire fighting

e%uipments, personal protective

e%uipments, emergency control devices



The Hazard The Hazard

A potential condition or set o6 conditions, either

internal and;or e9ternal to a s/stem, prod7ct,

6acilit/, or operation. <hich, when acti*ated

trans6orms the ha8ard into a series o6 e*ents that

c7lminate in loss !an accident%. A simpler and

more 67ndamental de6inition o6 ha8ard is a

condition that can ca7se in=7r/ or death, damaeto or loss o6 e>7ipment or propert/, or

en*ironmental harm.



Hazard Analysis at various stagesHazard Analysis at various stages

of Project Execution of Project Execution



Process Hazard Management Process Hazard Management

Process :a8ard anaement incl7des0 "azard identification

"azard &ssessment

&ccidental vapour cloud release *flamma!le and+or

to$ic

(ngineering approaches to mitigation

Design features for emergency control

Process afety Management *PM

Planning for counter measures

(mergency response planning *(.P-onsite

&lerting local authorities and pu!lic



Some important elements o6 PS.0

(mployee Participation Process afety #nformation *P#

Process "azard &nalysis *P"&

)perating Procedure

Training Contractor afety

Pre-tartup afety .eview

Mechanical #ntegrity

"ot /ork Program

Management of Change *M)C

#ncident #nvestigation

(mergency Planning 0 .esponse Compliance

&udits




#nitial startup

1ormal, temporary 0 emergency operations

1ormal shutdown

tartup following a turnaround or after an

emergency shutdown

)perating limits

Conse%uences of deviation steps re%uired to

correct or to avoid such deviation

).). ?peratin Proced7res




afety 0 "ealth considerations

Precautions necessary to prevent e$posure,

including engineering controls

&dministrative controls 0 personal protective

e%uipment

Controls measure to !e taken if physical

contact or air!orne e$posure occurs 2uality control for raw materials 0 control of

hazardous chemical inventory levels

afety systems 0 their functions

).). ?peratin Proced7res




Construction 0 e%uipment is in accordance

with design specifications

afety, operating, maintenance 0emergency procedures are in place 0 are

ade%uate

Modified facilities meet the re%uirementscontained in Management of Change

Training of each employee involved in

operating a process has !een completed

2.2. Pre-Start7p Sa6et/ 4e*iew




The technical !asis for the proposed

change

#mpact of change on safety and health Modifications to operating procedures

1ecessary time period for the change

&uthorization re%uirements for theproposed change

3p-date of Process afety information

*P#, P"& 0 )perating procedures

(.(. anaement o6 Chane !?C%




(ngineering 0 administrative controls

Detection methods for providing early

warning of releases Conse%uences of failure of engineering

and administrative controls

4acility site

"uman factors 2ualitative evaluation of a range of the

possi!le safety and health effects of failureof controls on employees and others

$.$. Process :a8ard Anal/sis !P:A%




"&5#D is an automated hazard identification tool

for continuous process plants and principle

features of

ectionalizing the process plant into several units

6eneration of hazardous incident scenarios

3se of models to distinguish !etween the feasi!le

and infeasi!le scenarios

3se rules to detect plant configuration pro!lem

HA!" Techni#ue HA!" Techni#ue



HA!" Techni#ue HA!" Techni#ue :AID Process

Divide the Process Plant into smallersection

6enerate "azardous #ncident cenarios

#dentify the feasi!le cenarios only

#dentify plant configuration pro!lem

6enerate output in "&5)P ta!le



The Hazard The Hazard

:a8ard se*erit/

Cateor/ Name Characteristics

I Catastrophic Death

oss o6 s/stem

II Critical Se*ere in=7r/ or moridit/

a=or damae to s/stem

III arinal inor in=7r/ or moridit/inor damae to s/stem

I1 Neliile No in=7r/ or moridit/

No damae to s/stem



The Hazard The Hazard Possile ha8ard likelihood

Description Level Speci6ic Indi*id7al Item Fleet or In*entor/

Fre>7ent A ikel/ to occ7r 6re>7entl/ Contin7o7sl/e9perienced

Proale B <ill occ7r se*eral times inli6e o6 an item

<ill occ7r 6re>7entl/

?ccasional C ikel/ to occ7r sometimein li6e o6 an item

<ill occ7r se*eral times

4emote D nlikel/ 7t possile toocc7r in li6e o6 an item nlikel/ 7t canreasonal/ e e9pectedto occ7r

improale So 7nlikel/, it can eass7med occ7rrence ma/not e e9perienced

nlikel/ to occ7r, 7tpossile



The Hazard The Hazard :a8ard Assessment atri9

Fre>7enc/ o6?cc7rrence

:AA4D CA5G?4IS

ICatastrophic

IICritical

IIIarinal

I1Neliile

!A% Fre>7ent 2 3 4

!B% Proale B 2B 3B 4B

!C% ?ccasional C 2C 3C 4C

!D% 4emote D 2D 3D 4D

!% improale D 2E 3E 4E



The Hazard The Hazard :a8ard Assessment atri9

"azard .isk #nde$ ".#

7&, 78, 7C, 9&, 98, :& #

7D, 9C, 9D, :8, :C ##7(, 9(, :(, :(, ;&, ;8 ###

;C, ;D, ;( #<

S7ested Criteria

nacceptale

ndesirale !anaement decision re>7ired%

Acceptale with re*iew / manaement

Acceptale witho7t re*iew



The Hazard The Hazard 4elationship o6 >7alitati*e proailit/

rankin to >7antitati*e *al7es

Description e*elFre>7enc/ o6occ7rrence

Potential relationshipto E7antitati*e 1al7e

Fre>7ent A :ih )"-)

Proale B

?ccasional C edi7m )"-(

4emote D )"-$

Improale ow )"-#



The Conce$t of %is& The Conce$t of %is&

4isk0 Chances or possiilit/ o6 accidental lossesor 7ndesired conse>7ences.H

The pro!a!ility of a dangerous event posed !y a

hazard, over a definite time period of e$posure or

The fre%uency at which such events will occur

and results in fatalities to certain num!er of

people and

The conse%uence of such events in terms of

e$pected num!er of fatalities per year

4isk !Proailit/% 9 !Conse>7ences%



Consequence Analysis or

Semi Quantitative Risk AnalysisAssessment o6 possiilities

--- B/ 7se o6 *ario7s ha8ardidenti6ication techni>7es like

J Preliminar/ :a8ard Anal/sis!P:A%

J :a8ard + ?perailit/ St7d/

J Sa6et/ A7dit J Fa7lt tre anal/sis

J *ent tree anal/sis, etc.



EFFECT MODELS

Concei*in a credile scenario /

ha8ard identi6ication techni>7es

= Comp7tation o6 ph/sical e66ects o6 the scenario/ s7itale models like0

-- ?7t6low model -- Dispersion model

-- ncon6ined *apo7r clo7d e9plosion models

-- et 6ire dimensions

-- Damae 6rom shock wa*e on B1

-- Fire all radiation damaes

-- Pool 6ire radiation damaes etc.



TEC!"Q#ES A$A"LA%LE

o Fire + 9plosion Inde9 !Dow Inde9% and

5o9icit/ Inde9

o Calc7lation o6 damaes likel/ 6rom the

6ires,e9plosions and to9ic releases andcominin the damaes with

proailities o6 occ7rrence in terms o6

Indi*id7al 4isk and Societal 4isk.

! 5he later is more o=ecti*e 6orestimatin the distances likel/ to e

a66ected%



T&e Mat&ematical Models

Availa'le to Com(ute t&e E))ects-- 4elease rate o6 li>7ids 7nder press7re.

-- Distance o6 ower 9plosi*e imit in the windwarddirection.

-- Conto7rs o6 concentrations at the ro7ndle*el.

-- ass o6 as within e9plosi*e rane !For7ncon6ined *apo7r clo7d%

-- Shockwa*e damae on inition o6 7ncon6ined*apo7r clo7d e9plosion.

-- ass o6 as in e9plosi*e rane on B1.

-- Fire Ball 4adi7s.-- Fire all d7ration.

-- 4adiati*e 6l79.

-- 5hermal Dose.



8oth the methods are closely related and as such

Mond #nde$ was developed as an e$tension of

D)/ inde$ Primarily, Dow inde$ calculates the

4ire 0 ($plosion inde$ for a process unit taking

into consideration the flamma!ility and reactivity

of the material handled in the process units under

the general and special process condition Mond#nde$ on the other hand uses specifically the

material to$icity in addition to the other aspects

"o' and Mond !ndices "o' and Mond !ndices



Fire + 9plosion inde9 0!F + )% F 9 !GP:% !SP:%

5o9icit/ Inde9 0 5h K 5s !)KGP:KSP:%

)""

<here, F aterial Factor

SP: Special Process :a8ard

GP: General Process :a8ard

5h 5o9icit/ 6actor ased on the NFPA ha8ardinde9 !" $%

5s Correction 6actor !additional penalt/% 6or

to9icit/ ased on a9im7m Allowale

Concentration !AC% *al7e in ppm




"o' and Mond !ndices "o' and Mond !ndices 5o9icit/ Factors and Correction Factor

6or AC *al7esNFPA Inde9

N7mer 5o9icit/ Factor/

!5h%

" "

) '"2 )2'

( 2'"

$ (2'

AC !in ppm% 5S

' and low )2'

Between ' and '" L'

'" and more '"



6P" includes processes eg e$othermic reaction,

endothermic reactions, hydrogenation, alkylation,

isomerisation, sulphurization, neutralization,esterification, o$idation, polymerization,

condensation, halogenation, nitration, loading-

unloading operation, enclosed process units,

inade%uate drainage and proper access etc

different penalties are assigned for different

processes

General Process :a8ard !GP:%




P" includes special hazards posed due to

process parameters like temp, pressure,

flamma!ility ranges *3(', '(' of material andissues like internal and e$ternal corrosion, leakage

from joints etc additional penalties are assigned

for special process hazards election of the

process units which may contri!ute to a fire or

e$plosion or to$ic release

Special Process :a8ard !SP:%




5he material 6actor which are the 67nctionso6 6lammale and reacti*it/ can e

calc7lated / the 6ollowin wa/ M

4ind out flash point of a material or "C< !y

multiplying heat of com!ustion !y the vapour

pressure of that su!stance at 9>? C

4ind out flamma!ility factor from the ne$t ta!le

from the flash point data or "C< value

4ind out the adia!atic decomposition temp of the

su!stance

4ind out the reactivity factor from the ta!le from

decomposition temp value





5ale 6or 6indin o7t aterial Factor !6% 6rom the tale

Calc7late 6 6rom 6ollowin 5ale 6rom e6t to 4iht

Decompositiontemp. 5d De

O (" (" -&('

&(' -)")"

)")" -)""

)""

Flash :C1 4eacti*it/ QQQQQQQ

Pt. k ar; mol F

" ) 2 ( $

None O $ 9 )"-' A " " )$ 2$ 2& $"

)"" $ 9 )"-' 2.' ) $ )$ 2$ 2& $"

$"-)"" 2.' - $" A 2 )" )$ 2$ 2& $"

2"-$" $" #"" B ( )# )# 2$ 2& $"

O -2" #"" I $ 2) 2) 2$ 2& $"

aterial Factor F

I53



Procedure for Calculating theProcedure for Calculating the

!ndices !ndices #dentify the most process units for risk

point of view

Determine the material factor *M4 foreach process units *flamma!ility 0

reactivity of material

Determine the 4ire 0 ($plosion #nde$

*40(# and the pro!lem e$posure area foreach process unit from the formula

Calculate the Ma$imum Pro!a!le Property

Damage *MPPD



Indices and the 9tent o6 :a8ard

F + inde9 5o9icit/ Inde9 Deree o6 :a8ard

) #" ) # iht

#) &# # )" oderate

&L )2L )" Intermediate

)2 )' )" :ea*/

)'& )" Se*ere



%is& Analysis %is& Analysis

General Principles o6 4isk Anal/sis

). All rele*ant risks are s/stematicall/

addressed #dentify major, don?t concentrate on minor

Consider those aspects of work which arehazardous

Take into account 0 critically assess e$isting safety

controls 0 measures provided

2. Address what act7all/ happens &ctual practice, not instruction

Consider non-routine operations

Pay attention to changes+interruptions




General Principles o6 4isk Anal/sis

: #nclude all who could !e affected, including

visitors, contractors, and general pu!lic

; Take into account, and o!jectively assess,

control measures

@ The level of protection measures should

match the level of risk *ie risk within the

&'&.P regionA #n most cases, make a rough assessment

first, find out the need for detailed assessment

and carry out the same, if needed



%is& Analysis %is& Analysis se o6 Proailities in 4isk

Anal/sisThe risk of operational activity with hazardous

materials consists of two elements

The conse%uence of certain unwanted event

The pro!a!ility of certain conse%uences that will occur

& distinction is made !etween : types ofpro!a!ilities

The pro!a!ility of the initiating event The pro!a!ility that designed counter measures may

function

The pro!a!ility of certain conse%uences of an accident



%is& Analysis %is& Analysis a/ers o6 Protection Anal/sis

?66site merenc/ eas7res Comm7nit/ Alertin + *ac7ation, i6 necessar/

?nsite merenc/ eas7res ?nsite *ac7ation

Protecti*e eas7res + Control Sa6et/ Instr7mented

itiation

Protecti*e Control + onitorin Process alarms +Sa6et/ Instr7mented Control

Process Control + S7per*ision

:a8ardo7s Process

!omogram o) Risk Assessment



P .RR

!omogram o) Risk Assessment




Conse>7ence B1 odel 6or Di66erent

Static and oile Press7re 1essels

B1 Scenarios and Conse>7ence Distances

Storae t/pe In*entor/!5% )"" 6atalit/Distance ) Fatalit/Distance

.oad tanker 79 7:> M @BB M

--Do--- 9B 7A9 M ABB M

.ail /agon @B 97 M >BB M

"orton phere 7;B :B@ M ;B M

---Do--- 77@B A9; M 7:; M



*ilometer

Conse#uence Analysis Conse#uence Analysis

Conse>7ence Anal/sis 6or a Ammonia 5ank eak

Scenario 0 2" dia. 5ank ha*in leak o6 N:( 6rom )" pipe

Conse>7ence 0 Distance to ID: is .& m

+ ,

,

,

,-

. /+0

-

+

-

* i l o m e t e r



*ilometer

Conse#uence Analysis Conse#uence Analysis

So7r !containin :2S% Nat7ral Gas pipeline leak scenario

Scenario 0 67ll ore r7pt7re o6 a $2 pipeline

Conse>7ence 0 Distance to ID: is (.& m

+ ,

+12

+12

/ / 3 -

/12

+

/12

* i l o m e t e r




4isk control techni>7es ; 4isk anaement

#nherent safe design *!uilt-in safety

4ault tolerant measures *single or multiple

failures

Protective measures

&de%uate information on the residual risk

&dministration controls *eg allocation of task

to the human operator, training etc )ther .isk .eduction measures

Corrective and preventive actions

Document control




ist o6 So6twareTs A*ailale 6or 4isk

Anal/sis and ?ther St7dies

Sl.No.

Item Description Application

7 &4(T# )nshore .isk &nalysis

9 43 )ffshore .isk &nalysis

: C&4T&1 4ault Tree &nalysis

; (T.& (vent Tree &nalysis

@ "&5(C "&5)P tudy

A "&5T.&C "&5)P .ecommendation Tracking

> P"&T Conse%uence &nalysis

/"&5&1 Conse%uence &nalysis





Anal/sis and ?ther St7diesSl.No.


(44(CT Conse%uence *(ffects Modeling

7B D&M&6( Conse%uence *Damage Modeling

77 PC-4&CT 4ailure 0 &ccident Data!ank

79 &&P (vent Tree &nalysis

7: 4M(C& 4ailure Mode (ffects 0 Criticality &nalysis

7; &1(E 'ife Time &nalysis 0 4ailure (stimation

7@ (0P 4).3M "ydrocar!on 'eak 0 #gnition Data!ase

7A &')"& Conse%uence &nalysis

& l





Anal/sis and ?ther St7diesSl.No.


7> C'& "azardous &rea .isk 0 Classifications

7 .#F C3.<( T1) #ndividual 0 6roup .isk computations

7 .#F& T .isk &nalysis model of "ealth 0 afety

($ecutives, 3F

9B 4&CT T1) 4re%uency (stimation Data!ase

97 ).(D& D1< 4re%uency (stimation Data!ase

99 4.(D Conse%uence &nalysis software of hell, 3F

9: (&"&P Conse%uence modeling software of (nergy

&nalysts #nc 3



Risk Communication

Seven Cardinal Rules

). Accept and in*ol*e the p7lic as a leitimatepartner.

2. Plan care67ll/ and e*al7ate /o7r e66orts.

(. isten to the p7licUs speci6ic concerns

!Comm7nication is two wa/ acti*it/%$. Be honest, 6rank and open !5r7st and crediilit/

are most precio7s assets%

'. Coordinate and collaorate with other credileso7rces

#. eet the needs o6 edia ! pro*ide risk in6ormationtailored to the needs o6 each t/pe o6 media%

L. Speak clearl/ and with compassion ! se simplenon technical lan7ae with eneral p7lic%



ave a ealt&y Li)e

"n Sa)e Environment1

D"SASTER 4RE$E!T"O! 5 M6MT1 CE!TRE

AnklESwar.

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