UNIT 1 - “Preparation”
First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials
Defined in numerous waysU.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)Illinois Dept. of Labor (IDOL)
Simplified DefinitionExtremely Hazardous Substances
“Haz-Mat” incidents are unique incidents. They require specialized protective measures not normally
available to first responders AND they demand a different operational
approach!
Hazardous Materials IncidentsHazardous Materials Incidents
Mechanisms of HarmMechanisms of Harm
T.E.A.M. C.P.R.Thermal ChemicalEtiological PsychologicalAsphyxiation RadiologicalMechanical
Public Safety “Duty to Act”Public Safety “Duty to Act”
Public safety responders have a “Duty to Act”.Your level of involvement is defined by your
employer’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP).The actions you are expected to take should be in
Standard Operating Procedure format.NEVER exceed your level of training and
protection!
Awareness Level Response GoalsAwareness Level Response Goals
RecognitionIsolation
ProtectionNotification
North American Emergency Response GuidebookNorth American Emergency Response Guidebook
Your first tool for success.Every emergency vehicle should have a copy.Purpose:
An aid for identification of the material involved.Outlines basic initial actions.Recommends protective action areas.Serves as an initial incident safety plan.
Legal MandatesLegal Mandates
Superfund Amendments and Re-Authorization Act of 1986 (SARA 1986).
SARA Title I, Section 126 mandated OSHA to develop safety regulations for responders.
SARA Title III requires local communities and facilities to plan and prepare for hazardous materials emergencies.
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HazWOpER)OSHA and EPA’s safety standard which was
developed in accordance with the mandate of SARA Title I, Section 126.
Codified as OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR 311.
Enforced in all states by the State Department of Labor and Employment Security as well as OSHA and EPA.
Five Levels of TrainingFive Levels of Training
First Responder Awareness LevelFirst Responder Operational LevelHazardous Materials TechnicianHazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Incident Commander
Operational ModesOperational ModesAwareness and Operational level
responders take DEFENSIVE actions.Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions.
The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.
Unit 2 - “Hazard Identification”
Intro to First Responder Awareness Level TrainingIntro to First Responder
Awareness Level Training
Remember your four goals!Remember your four goals!
RecognitionIsolation
ProtectionNotification
Six Basic Clues to RecognitionSix Basic Clues to Recognition
1 - Occupancy and location2 - Container shape and size3 - Placards and labels4 - Shipping papers/facility
documents5 - Markings and colors6 - Human senses
Clue # 1 - Occupancy and LocationClue # 1 - Occupancy and Location
Specific occupancy or general area
Fixed facilitiesFive modes of hazardous
materials transportationRail, air, marine, highway and
pipelineDrug lab considerations
Clue # 2 - Container Shape and SizeClue # 2 - Container Shape and Size
ClassificationsPortable, fixed or transportation
PressureNon-pressurized, low or high pressure
Vapor Pressure and StorageThe higher the pressure, the greater
the potential for catastrophic failureBLEVE
Clue # 3 - Placards and LabelsClue # 3 - Placards and Labels
Placards and their limitationsNot always requiredThe 1000 pound rule
Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class
Nine Hazard ClassesSubdivided into divisionsRefer to page 14-17 of 2008 ERG
Hazard Class 1 - ExplosivesHazard Class 1 - ExplosivesSubdivided into 6 divisions
1.1 - Mass explosion hazard1.2 - Projectile hazard1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile1.4 - Minor explosion1.5 - Very insensitive explosives1.6 - Extremely insensitive
TNT, blasting caps, fireworks
Hazard Class 2 - GasesHazard Class 2 - GasesPressurized or liquefiedProduct and container present hazardsThree Subdivisions
2.1 - Flammable gases2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous2.3 - Poisonous Gases
Anhydrous ammonia, compressed liquid nitrogen and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)
Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible LiquidsHazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids
Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature
Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite
Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources
Gasoline, diesel fuel, oil
Hazard Class 4 - Flammable SolidsHazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids
Three subdivisions4.1 - Flammable Solids4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible4.3 - Dangerous when wet
Sulfur, strike anywhere matches
Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic PeroxidesHazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn
With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violent combustion
Oxygen, organic peroxides, ammonium nitrate
Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious SubstancesHazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances
Poisonous to humanCan include severely irritating
substances“Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid,
Carbon TetrachlorideInfectious Substances
Potential to cause diseases in humans
Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids
Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive MaterialsHazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials
Ionizing radiation hazardExposure does not always
result in contaminationSafety Rules:
Time, Distance and ShieldingShipped in specialized
containers
I-131, Co-60, LSA-III
Hazard Class 8 – Corrosive Materials (acids & bases/caustics)Hazard Class 8 – Corrosive Materials (acids & bases/caustics)
Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (Other Regulated Material)
Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (Other Regulated Material)
ORM A - Dry IceORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic mercuryORM C - Asphalt, Battery partsORM D - Consumer commoditiesORM E - Hazardous substances and
hazardous wastes
Pesticide LabelsPesticide Labels
Product nameActive ingredientsSignal word
CautionWarningDanger (Poison)
Precautionary statements
Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility DocumentsClue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents
MODE CALLED LOCATION
Rail Waybill and Consist
With crew
Highway Bill of Lading Driver / on seat or door pocket
Air Air-bill Pilot
Pipeline Marker At cross with other mode of transport or land boundaries
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Required to be maintained by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and The Florida Right-to-Know Law
Found at fixed facilitiesProvides a variety of informationEmergency Response Plans (ERP)Emergency Action Plans (EAP)
MSDS Sheets Via CAMEO
Clue # 5 - Markings and ColorsClue # 5 - Markings and ColorsContainer colors are not always
standardizedUN/NA identification numbersNFPA 704 DiamondMilitary markings
Clue # 6 - Human SensesClue # 6 - Human Senses
RISK LEVEL
High
Low
TASTETOUCHSMELLSIGHTSOUND
Methods of IdentificationMethods of IdentificationOnce you recognize, try to identifyLocation of material name
Shipping papersMSDSs (fixed facilities)Facility Pre-PlansEmployees and bystanders
If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class
Unit 3 - “Taking Control”
First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
ERG Book & other resourcesERG Book & other resources
North American Emergency Response Guidebook
OriginGoalPurpose & Limitations
Steps for Proper Use of the ERGSteps for Proper Use of the ERGRecognize & Identify Hazardous Materials
NameFour digit ID numberPlacard description
Look up the guide page numberTake basic protective actions according to
the guide pageInitiate isolation and evacuation according
to protective action distancesCall CHEMTREC for additional support 800-
424-9300
Basic Protective ActionsBasic Protective Actions
Your approachYour main objectives
IsolateProtect by preventing
contaminationInitiate your Emergency
Response Plan (Notify)
Yellow Pages: Listed numerically by UN ID number
Blue Pages: Listed alphabetically by chemical name
Orange Pages: Guides listed numericallyList Potential Hazards for fire or explosion
and health
Public Safety info for protective clothing and evacuation
Emergency Response info for fire, spill or leak, and first aid
Proper Guide Page UseProper Guide Page Use
Green Pages: Tables of Isolation DistancesList initial isolation distances for certain
chemicals
Separated for small and large spills and day vs. night
Table of Protective Action DistancesTable of Protective Action Distances
Protective Action OptionsProtective Action Options
Shelter in-placeShort duration incidentsGreater hazard to attempt to
moveImpractical to evacuate
EvacuationPotential for massive fire or
explosionLong duration incidents
Emergency Response InformationEmergency Response Information
FirefightingDefinition of “Haz-Mat Fire”Defensive Vs. OffensiveRole of the awareness responder
Spill / Leak ControlNot an awareness level role
First AidRemember to prevent secondary
contamination
NFPA Guide to Hazardous Materials
Lists many chemicals by names, synonyms and CAS number
Includes many MSDS sheets
Also list expected chemical reactions and spill or leak procedures
NIOSH Pocket Guide
Listed numerically by CAS #
Listed by Chemical, Synonym and Trade name
Hot Zone1. Initial at ERG recommendation2. Use monitoring, set at STEL (IDLH only if STEL is not practical)
Warm ZoneHow far back do you want non-responders?
So, what steps should be taken for a spill/incident?
Assess the callWhat is the chemical/problem?
Does the area need to be evacuated?
Determine the approach, i.e. uphill…..upwind
Look the chemical/hazard up. Try to cross-reference it with 3 sources.
Determine if it is within our means to mitigate.Do we have the proper training,
manpower, resources, PPE to take care of it?
Do we need to call in outside resources (HAZMAT team, outside vendor, technical specialist)?
Respond with appropriate PPE, spill supplies, and air monitoring equipment (as appropriate) based on the info at hand.
Assess the scene from a distance (Hot, warm, cold zones).
Take air monitoring reading to verify that you have the proper respiratory protection and PPE.
Proceed to neutralize/mitigate and clean-up the spill
Continue air monitoring (as needed)
Properly bag and dispose of the waste
Fill out and submit a report
Unit 4 - “Termination”
First Responder Awareness Level Training
First Responder Awareness Level Training
Reasons for TerminationReasons for Termination
Required by OSHA/DOLRelates important
information to the responders
Insures exposures are documented
Insures that we improve our future responses
Steps to Proper TerminationSteps to Proper Termination
On-scene debriefingIncident critiqueAfter action analysis
The full 8 hour HAZMAT Awareness course is available through IFSI online for freehttp://www.fsi.illinois.edu/
Questions??