HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COURSES IN THE GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM:WHERE WE HAVE BEEN AND WHERE WE ARE GOING

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OVER A LIFE SPAN

Individuals become increasingly less active as they age. The largest decline from ages 15 thru 25.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTIONUNITED STATES

Significant Drop in Fruit and vegetable consumption in ages 17 thru 34

WERE HAVE WE BEEN: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE GEN ED

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SWEDISH GYMNASTICS

HEALTH, STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Johann GutMuths (1759-1839) Dudley Sargent, (1849 – 1924)

BRITISH SPORT

SOCIAL, MORAL AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762)

Charles Kingsley (1850)

John Williams (1866)

INTRODUCTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTO THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM

(1861)Dr. Edward Hitchcock (a geologist) taught the first college course in physical fitness and hygiene education.

GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS

GERFIRST GER

1917 Columbia University Implements two courses

1.Introduction to Contemporary Civilization

2.General Honors

EXPANDED GER

1931 Chicago University

1. Humanities,

2.Social Sciences,

3. Biological Sciences

4. Physical Sciences

GER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY1930

BASIC INSTRUCTION PROGRAM (BIP)

-British sport model was the trend with team sports being the focus.

Jesse Williams “unified human being” approach.

1956

President Eisenhower council on youth fitness

Focus on Strength and Conditioning in the GER

THE GER 1980 AND 1990S

CONCEPTUAL COURSES

Health Related Fitness (HRF) courses that were more theoretically based Lectures Labs

BASIC INSTRUCTION PROGRAM

More student choice

- scuba diving

- rock climbing

- skiing etc..

PERCENTAGE OF INSTITUTIONS WITH REQUIRED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR GRADUATION

RESEARCH INTO EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIVERSITY HEALTH COURSES

A. Changes in 1. Knowledge2. Attitudes3. Behaviors

Dale and Corbin (2000) Pearman ,Valois, Sargent, Saunders, Drane, Macera, (1997)

B. (HRF) better than APE in long term promotion of physical activity

Adams and Brynteson (1995)

TREND TO ONLINE HRF COURSES2 YR VS 4 YR INSTITUTIONS ONLINE AND WEB-ENHANCED

WERE ARE WE GOING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

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WHERE ARE WE GOINGCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

1.Improving health status of our college student population

2. Technology in the class room

3, Financial

EVIDENCED BASED PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COMPONENTS OF THE GEN ED (FISHER 2003)

Behavior management skills Incorporate existing campus and

community programs and facilities in courses

Physical activity classes should allow for variation in skill, fitness and experience

Conceptual courses should allow for some choice of content on broad topicsIdentify barriers to exercise and help students overcome these barriers

TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY OR PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY

STUDENTS WHO TOOK AN ONLINE CLASS IN A GIVEN YEAR

INDIVIDUAL LEARNER EFFECTS OF ONLINE CLASSES

PROS•more engagement with content•greater learner motivation•increased Personal interaction with the instructor•Greater control over the learning process•Greater student interaction (average 1 hr class of 50 illicits responses from 7 students)•More time for reflective responses (Roblyer & Marshall, 2003).

CONS•Technical difficulties

•Low learner motivation

•Sense of isolation

•Poor learner readiness

•Lack of contact with teacher

•Low retention rates

(Coomey & Stephenson, 2001

LATEST INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

CAUTIONS WITH TECHNOLOGY

• Buschner (2006) believes that no data exist to support the notion that online HRF courses result in student learning.

• Buschner (2006) states that online physical education is still at the "trial and error stage and should be undertaken with prudence"

FINANCIAL STRESS

University cut backs effecting the Gen Ed programs

HIGH AND LOW OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GEN ED

Need for a comprehensive defense of the Kinesiology courses in Gen Ed programs

Harmonizes the following literature

1.Health and kinesiology research

2.Government initiatives and programs

3.Faith based literature and theology promoting body care programs

Research for evidence based strategies to promote health behaviors in college populations

1.Do our Physical activity programs still effect long term behavior change 2.Effective Use of physical activity Technologies in our programs 3.Effective online or web-enanced educational technologies

TWO SUGGESTIONS FOR CSKLS