Monica AcetiMovement and Sport Sciences, UniFr
University of Strasbourg, IUHMSP
Yannick MassereyMovement and Sport Sciences, UniFr
Gilles Vieille MarchisetUniversity of Strasbourg
Health and physical (in-)activities among children in working-class
neighborhoods
6e congrès annuel de la 4S 2014 à Fribourg les 13 et 14 février 2014
Research program IDEX (Excellence Initiative) 2012-2015
Physical activities and Health promotion : a normative injunction in relation with poverty in Europe (APSAPA Europe)
Multi-located fields:
-in Switzerland (Fribourg/Sion) M. Aceti/Y. Masserey-in France (Strasbourg) G. Vieille Marchiset
S. Knobé/R. Didierjean-In Italy (Naples) S. Digennaro
W. Gasparini-in Germany (Freiburg) E. Grimminger
J. Wagner
Master degree:
“Physical and sports activities among young people from 8 to 10 yearsold living in working-class neighborhoods.Analysis of behavior patterns and representations under a perspectiveof health and social integration”
Yannick Masserey, SMS Unit, University of Fribourg
Villars-Vert, Fribourg
Madonelle, Ponticelli, Naples
Double comparison: meso level (inter-district in 2 cantons, CH) macro level (inter-district in 4 countries)
Weingarten, Freiburg
Hautepierre, Strasbourg
Champsec, Sion
Research question:
Our aim is to point out the discrepancy between the health practices of inhabitants in these disadvantaged areas and the values put forward in national health promotion programs.
That could explain why the programs’ values percolate with more difficulty into the customs and tastes of lower-class.
Few literature that cross physical activity, working-class neighbourhoods and health promotion…
Burton-Jeangros, Peretti-Wattel, Le GarrecHoggart, Schwartz, Verret, Dubet, …Merlaud, Terral & Haschar-Noé, 2012
Marchiset, Gasparini, (2010) «Les loisirs sportifs dans les quartiers populaires : modalités de pratiques et rapports au corps», revue STAPS, 1:87, pp. 93-107.
Structure
- Methodological approach
- Frame of analysis
- Results
- Comparative perspectives
- Limits
Data collection ‘from the top’…
1. Discourse and images analysis of national health programs promotingphysical activities
in France (manger-bouger)in Italy (Guadagnare salute)in Switzerland (poids corporel sain) in Germany (In Form)
2. Interviews with the people in charge of programs at a national level.
Methodological approach of the project APSAPA.eu
4. Collective interviews with kids aged 8 to 10
(accessed by an elementary schoolin the selected neighbourhod)
5. Semi-directive interviews withparents (mothers, fathers)
6. Data collection about theirgrandparents
…paired with a collection of local data
3. (Participant) observations duringlocal programs
7. Ethnographicdata collection of living spaces.
R software, elaboration S. DigennaroThe link APSAPA, children’s data : 11 focus groups
Champsec N = 37 Villars-Vert N = 16 Total = 53 children
� Inhabitants with lower socio-economic background (categorized along professions)
Père travaille actuellement
Suisse_Villars_Verts père_travaille : Frequency Percent Cum. percent
0 0 0no 0 0 0oui 16 100 100Total 16 100 100
factor(Suisse_Villars_Verte$oui..préciser.le.travail) : Frequency Percent Cum. percent
2 12.5 12.5anbaleur de viande 1 6.2 18.8boucher 1 6.2 25.0caviste 1 6.2 31.2concierge 1 6.2 37.5conducteur 1 6.2 43.8construction métallique 1 6.2 50.0cuisinier 1 6.2 56.2electricien 1 6.2 62.5magasigner 1 6.2 68.8maison 1 6.2 75.0ouvrier 2 12.5 87.5sur les chantiller de travaille 1 6.2 93.8vendeur 1 6.2 100.0Total 16 100.0 100.0
Classification in three profession categories
District of Villars-Vert
A sample of low socio-professional group
-Workers and employees-Middle profession-High profession
District of Champsec:
A sample with mixed profession and socio-economic categories (PCS)
(working- and middle-class profession)
naissance père
factor(tolower(Suisse_Villars_Verts Où.est.né.ton.père...)
Frequency Percent Cum. percentafrique 1 6.2 6.2albanie 1 6.2 12.5angola 1 6.2 18.8bosnie-herzégovine 2 12.5 31.2congo 1 6.2 37.5kosovo 3 18.8 56.2portugal 3 18.8 75.0tunisie 1 6.2 81.2turquie 2 12.5 93.8viet-nam 1 6.2 100.0
Total 16 100.0 100.0
� Parents of foreign origin
naissance mère
factor(tolower(Suisse_Villars_Verts Où.est.né.ta.mère
Frequency Percent Cum. percentafrique 1 6.2 6.2albanie 1 6.2 12.5angola 1 6.2 18.8bosnie-herzégovine 2 12.5 31.2congo 1 6.2 37.5fribour 1 6.2 43.8kosovo 3 18.8 62.5portugal 3 18.8 81.2suisse 2 12.5 93.8viet-nam 1 6.2 100.0Total
naissance interviewé
factor(tolower(Suisse_Villars_Verte et.toi..)
Frequency Percent Cum. percentfribour 1 6.2 6.2kosovo 1 6.2 12.5portugal 1 6.2 18.8suisse 13 81.2 100.0Total 16 100.0 100.0
turquie 2 12.5 93.8viet-nam 1 6.2 100.0Total 16 100.0 100.0
District of Villars-Vert:
-Children born in Switzerland -Parents born abroad
District of Champsec: children born in CH, parents of mixed origins
Frame of analyse
2 different working-class neighborhoods
The sample of Villars-Vert has representative characteristics of working-class strata: low profession and socio-economic status (PCS) and foreign origin.
It is a model sample, while that of Champsec could be representative for moderate-income neighbouroods in Switzerland.
The notion – poor neighborood / deprived area – has to be defined for every context:
- between cantons- even more between countries
Results
« football boxes » Skate park Ice rink
Sports infrastructures in Champsec
Sports infrastructures in Villars- Vert
Basketball court Basketball court Football field
Table: List of activities named by children (N=53)
«For what I saw, they are always outside. Because I grew upin Villars-Vert so ... Well, less in winter because it is colder,but even so, they are always outside, always, alwaysoutside. Boys, they play football, so they are occupied .»
(Marta, 29 years old, hip-hop dance teacher)
«At Villars-Vert, children who don’t join our activities, areoften outside . They go to the football field.»
(Sophie, 51 years old, head of the neighbourhood association)
«After school, at 4pm, there are many people who go out.»(Alban, 8 years old)
� «bouger dehors» � Moving outside (Villars-Vert)
Hypothesis: The employment status of both parents, so their absence at home (at noon) could be associated with childrens’autonomy after school, which might explain the quantity of time children spend in the sports areas.
It’s lunch break at Villars-Vert, I’m observing many children in the sports areas. (field notes, Y. M., July 2013)
� active and outside occupations + short time at home
� «prendre l’air» � «To get some air» (Champsec)
«(…) when I have not finished my homework, they tell me to go outside and I do not always agree with them because I want to do my homework but I have to go outside.»
(Marco, 9 years old)
«Once I was with my grandmother and she told me: «go to play outside, go to play football because it will make you feel good!» and then I went outside. »
(Tiffany, 9 years old)
«[I go outside], I get some fresh air.»(Paul, 9 years old)
� Mobility
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
A pied
En trottinette
A vélo
En voiture
19
11
11
4
15
Champsec
Villars-Vert
Bike park in front of the primary school of Champsec, Sion
Conclusion
� Few expressed data concerning health � Due to the age of the children, they are not (yet) concerned by the
«health capital»
� Data observed in the fields- active children in informal activities (playing outside) and engaged in formal and varied physical activities (sports clubs, skiing with parents) (especially Champsec)
Aceti M., Vieille Marchiset G. (2014), « Un capital salutaire à transmettre : analyse comparative des programmes de promotion de la santé par l’activité physique en Europe », Revue JuriSport, Juris éditions, Dalloz.
� Structural conditions (offers, infrastructure and “climat”) facilitate to be active, and thus to be healthy
- safe environments- cultural habitus of “strengthening”the taste for “fresh air” and the “outside”
Communication: « Risks, toxicity and childrens bodies. Exploratory compared analysis with the field of Napoli », HES-SO Valais, 2013
Aceti M., Digennaro S.
Context « biocide »The « earth on fire » The « triangle of death »
Mauro Pagnano, The land of poison and firephotographe napolitain
Limits: health multiple factors
Take into account the other health factors -food-addictive behavior
As well as the structural conditions of the areas-unemployment
Other difficulties related to the sociocultural context in the family (illiteracy, missing knowledge of the national language, etc.)
