HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN FOR - Records Collections

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HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN

FOR

Tonaah Armory

Prepared By: Laura Evans

June, 1993

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This document describes the health and safety guidelinesdeveloped for the Tomah Fairgrounds site, to protect on-sitepersonnel, visitors, and the public from physical harm andexposure zo hazardous material or wastes. The procedures andguidelines contained herein were based upon the best availableinformation at the time of the plan's preparation. Specificrequirements will be revised when new information is received orconditions change. A written amendment will document all changesto the plan. Any amendments to this plan will be included inAttachment A. Where appropriate, specific OSHA standards orother guidance will be cited and applied.

DAILY SAFETY MEETINGS

Daily safety meetings will be held at the start of each shift toensure that all personnel understand site conditions andoperating procedures, to ensure that personal protectiveequipment is being used correctly and to address worker healthand safety concerns.

SITE SAFETY PLAN ACCEPTANCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Site Safety Officer (SSO) or designated representative shallbe responsible for informing all individuals entering theexclusion zone or decontamination zone of the contents of thisplan and ensuring that each person signs the Safety PlanAcknowledgement Form, individuals are recognizing the hazardspresent on-site or adverse effects of these hazards.

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

All personnel (including visitors) entering the exclusion zone ordecontamination zone must have completed training requirementsfor hazardous waste site work in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR1910.120. or be qualified by previous training or experience.Documentation of training requirements is the responsibility ofeach employer.

MEDICAL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

All personnel (including visitors) entering the exclusion zone ordecontamination zone must have completed appropriate medicalmonitoring requirements required under OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 (f) .Documentation of medical monitoring is the responsibility of eachemployer. If there are additional medical monitoringrequirements for this site, evidence of compliance must also beincluded.

FIT TESTING REQUIREMENTS

All personnel (including visitors) entering the exclusion zone ordecontamination zone using a full-face negative pressurerespirator must have successfully passed a qualitative respiratorFIT test in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134. or ANSI withinthe last 12 months. Documentation of FIT testing is theresponsibility of each employer. Quantitative FIT Testing isrequired against airborne asbestos fibers (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.58)and lead (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1025).

General Site Hazards

Lighting - Work areas must have adequate lighting for employeesto see to work and identify hazards (5-foot candles minimumcomparable to a single 75-100 watt bulb). Personnel should carryflashlights in all normally dark areas for use in the event of apower failure. Applicable OSHA standards for lighting - 29 CFR1910.120 (m) - shall apply.

Electrical Power - All 120v, 10, 15, and 20 amp electrical powermust have a ground fault circuit interrupter as part of thecircuit. All equipment must be suitable and approved for theclass of hazard. Applicable OSHA standards for electrical - 29CFR 1926 Subpart "K" shall apply.

Walkways. etc. - Damaged and deteriorated buildings oftencontain unguarded walkways, doors, etc. where a fall potentialexists. These must be guarded and/or posted to prevent employeeuse or passage. Areas where work will not be performed will beclosed off and posted. Applicable OSHA standards for walkways,stairways, etc. - 29 CFR 1926.500 shall apply.

High or Elevated Work - Elevated work where a fall potentialexists will be performed using appropriate ladders and/or fallprotection (i.e. body harness and lifeline).

Drum Handling - The movement and opening of drums will be done inaccordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 (j).

Cold Stress - When the temperature falls below 40°F, cold stressprotocol shall be followed. Employees must be supplied withadequate clothing to maintain core temperature. Cold stress isdiscussed in detail in Attachment C.

Heat Stress - When the temperature exceeds 70°F and personnel arewearing protective clothing, a heat stress monitoring programshall be implemented as appropriate. Employees shall have accessto break periods and drinking water as necessary. Heat stress isdiscussed in detail in Attachment D.

Eye Wash Protection - All operations involving the potential foreye injury, splash, etc., must have approved eye wash unitslocally available as per 29 CFR 1910.151 (c).

Fire Protection/Fire Prevention - Operations involving thepotential for fire hazards shall be conducted in a manner as tominimize the risk. Non-Sparking tools and fire extinguishersshall be used or available as appropriate. Sources of ignitionshall be removed. When necessary, explosion-proof instrumentsand/or bonding and grounding will be used to prevent fire or

explosion.

Utilities - Overhead and underground utility hazards shall beidentified and or inspected prior to conducting operationsinvolving potential contact.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 are maps of the work zones for the TomahFairgrounds.

Figure 1: Tomah Fairgrounds Study Area

GRASSMAN STREET

LEGEND

FENCE • PROPOSED SOIL BORINGBUILDING X PROPOSED GEOPROBE

GROUNDWATER SAMPLE

SCALE IN FEET100 200 300 400 500

Figure 2: Historical Conditions and Proposed Sampling Locationsat the Toman Fairgrounds

MATERIALSTORAGE. 1990

IX

EXCAVATION(1946-1950^0.3

I POSSIBLE II FILL AREA, 1957 »\ • B-6

FOOTBALLFIELD

LEGEND• PROPOSED SOIL BORINGX PROPOSED GEOPROBE

GROUNDWATER SAMPLE

SCALE IN FEET0 100 200 300 400 500

General Field Safety and Standard Operating Procedures

o It is our policy to practice administrative hazard controlfor all site areas by restricting entrance to exclusionzones to essential personnel and by using operational SOPs.

o The "buddy system" will be used at all times by all fieldpersonnel in the hotzone. No one is to perform field workalone. Maintain visual, voice, or radio communication atall times.

o Whenever possible, avoid contact with contaminated (orpotentially contaminated) surfaces. Walk around, notthrough) puddles and discolored surfaces. Do not kneel onthe ground or set equipment on the ground. Stay away fromany waste drums unless necessary. Protect equipment fromcontamination by bagging.

o Eating, drinking, or smoking is permitted only in designatedareas in the support zone.

o Hands and face must be thoroughly washed upon leaving thedecon area.

o Beards or other facial hair that interferes with respiratorfit will preclude admission to the hot zone.

o All equipment must be decontaminated or discarded upon exitfrom the exclusion zone, as determined by the SSO ordesignate.

o All personnel exiting the exclusion zone must go through thedecontamination procedures described in Section 8.0.

o Safety Equipment described in Section 4.0 will be requiredfor all field personnel.

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2.0 KEY PERSONNEL/HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL

2.1 Key Personnel

Name/TitleMatt Mankowski/Team Leader

OrganizationU.S. EPA

Address77 W. JacksonChicago, IL 60604

Laura Evans/ U.SSite Safety Officer

EPA

Michael McAteer/ U.S. EPATeam Member

Steve Padovani/ U.S. EPATeam Member

Wendy Didier/ WDNRTeam Member

Bart Manion/ USGSAuger Operator

Steve Peterson/ U.S.EPAGeoprobe Operator

Jim Ursic/ U.S.EPAGeophysical Surveyor

West. Dis. HQ1300 W. ClairemontP.O. Box 4001Eau Claire, WI 53719

District Office6417 Normandy LaneMadison, WI 53719

77 West JacksonChicago, IL 60604

Tel.tt(312) 886-1842

(312) 886-0851

(312) 886-4663

(312) 353-6755

(715) 839-1604

(608) 276-3844

(312) 353-1422

(312) 353-1526

2.2. Site Safety Authority

Laura Evans/SSO has the responsibility for site-specific safety compliance. Alternates include: MattMankowski, Mike McAteer, and Steve Padovani.

Responsibilities:

Hold and direct daily site safety meetings and/orbriefs. Ensure compliance of safety plan procedures,SOPs, regulations and common safety sense practices on-site. The SSO will make decisions related to safetypractices.

2.3 Organizational Responsibility

Team leader will direct proper sampling and taskfunctions on-site and make decisions related to siteactivities. Sample manager will ensure quality sampleprocedures and shipping, labeling, etc. functions.

Other team members will collect samples and help withother tasks as needed.

10

3.0 SITE HISTORY/DESCRIPTION

3.1 Location

The fairgrounds covers approximately a 37.5 acre areain the southeast section of the city of Tomah. Thesite bordered on the north by Grassman street andfurther north by residential areas. Fair streets runsat an angle along the east, southeast and southboundaries. Further east there is a sand mining pitand chemical plant.

3.2 History

The Tomah Fairgrounds site is one of three Superfundsites in Tomah, Wisconsin. The area was used as alandfill disposal area prior to the development of theTomah Municipal Landfill around 1960. A local industryreported the disposal of small amounts of hazardousmaterials here.

Disposal methods utilized included excavation of 6 to 8ft of topsoil, landfilling, placement of covers usingpreviously excavated soil and a final grading process.Some of the material disposed of may have been burnedprior to burial. Union Camp Corp reported the releaseof hazardous materials between 1953 to 1960, includingspent solvents and ink wastes. The primary chemicalsof concern are ethyl acetate, trichloromethane, vinylchloride, chromium and lead. The estimate of volume is59 cubic yards. The site has been investigated by MDNRand Ecology & Environment in 1984. In 1985 the sitewas scored and placed on the NPL. There is concernregarding disposal directly into an aquifer and belowthe water table. Residential well samples collected on8/91 and 2/92 have been found safe. Additional, soilsampling and a groundwater contamination study has beenrecommended.

3.3 Tasks/Objectives

1. Soil/borings will be taken to a depth of 15 to 20ft, and shall be logged along their entire length.Split spoon samples will be collected.

2. Groundwater samples will be collected with aGeoprobe both around the perimeter of the landfilland underneath landfilled areas to determined ifleachate exists.

11

3.5 Physical Hazards

Physical hazards evident at the site include:trip/fall, pinch-nip, overhead machinery, drillingoperations, flying debris, particulates, and heatstress.

12Hazard Evaluation Sheet

Waste Types: X Liquid X Solid _ Sludge X Vapor

Characteristics: X Corrosive _ Ignitable _ Radioactive

_ Volatile X Toxic _ Reactive

_ Unknown X Other carcinogenic, persistent

Task: Soil Borings ______________ Low X Medium _ High _

Identification of Hazards: Possible off -gassingDust/particulates from drillingPhysical: Trip/fall, Drilling operations, overhead, particulates, flyingdebris, cold/heat stress. Noise is also a physical hazard and thereforepersonnel will don hearing protection if there are high noise levels.Personnel will stand clear of drilling operations. Proper lifting techniqueswill be applied during lifting tasks.

Task: Groundwater Sampling ____ Low X Medium _ High _

Identification of Hazards: Sample collection: VaporsPhysical: Pinch/nip (Geoprobe) , trip/fall, vehicular (Geoprobe)

Low _ Medium _ High _Identification of Hazards:

Hazard Assessment: Very low hazards from possible chemical exposure due to

previous sampling data and types of potential wastes. Weather situations will

be closely monitored. Also, biological hazards (ticks, poison ivy, etc) will

identified. ____ avoided, and monitored accordingly. _________________

Overall Hazard: __ Serious __ Moderate

X Low or X Unknown

Hazardous Materials Data Sheet

'aznrdous/Toxicnown or Suspectedlaterlals Concentration Media

In MIC andriuumacologicI llcrls

Ethyl Acetate

Trichloroethane

111 - MethylChlorl form

Vinyl Chloride

PUI.S,Tl.Vs,mui

II ConcentrationIs >IO ppm in

mediaHc.iclivily,Slanilily,riaininability

is > 10% nlPHI %

Appli' .il»l<-

Moiiiloii<»|tInsli nmrnl

Unknown soil/ eye irritant. Inhalation hazard,gw mildy narcotic. Repeated or 'pro-

longed exposure can cause conjuctivalirritation and dermatitis. High cone, cancause narcotic effect and congestionof the liver and kidneys.

Unknown soil/ Moderate skin irritant and nose &gw severe eye irritant. Has narcotic

effects. May cause injury to theliver and kidneys. Inhalation hazard.

Unknown soil/ Irritant to skin* eyes and respiratorygw routes, as well as mucous membranes.

In high concentrations it acts as ananesthetic. Can cause skin burn byrapid evaporation and consequent freezing.Chronic exposure may cause liver damage.

TLV Dangerous whenAOOppm exposed to flame

lOppmSkin350ppm5PPm

13Dangerous whenexposed to heat orflames or oxidizers

Chromium Unknown soil/ Chromic acid and its salts have agw corrosive action on skin and mucous

membranes. Toxic. Eczematousdermatitis due to trivalent Cr hasbeen reported.

TLV0.5

(Cr+6'0.05mgmJ)

Lead * Unknown soil/gw

0.15

*= Known or suspected carcinogen.

13

4.1 General

All meet the minimum 40-hour Health & Safety trainingand 8-hour refresher training and experience.

4.2 Specific

See introduction section

4.3 Hazard Communication (Site Specific)

The undersign have read and understand the HASP:

Name Signature

Matt Mankowski

Laura Evans

Michael McAteer

Steve Padovani

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5.0 REQUIRED LEVELS OP PROTECTION

Will be determined on-site, however entire area will betreated as potentially contaminated.General Site= Level D

Level C Protection Shall be Used When:

o The same level of skin protection as Level B, butlower level of respiratory protection is required:

o The types of air contaminants have beenidentified, concentrations measured, and an air-purifying respirator is available that can removecontaminants; or,

o The substance has adequate warning properties andall criteria for use of APR respirators have beenmet.

Level C Protective Equipment at a Minimum Shall consist of:

o Chemical resistant coveralls;

o Steel-toe workboots;

o Chemical resistant boots or disposable bootcovers;

o Disposable inner gloves;

o Disposable Outer gloves;

o Full-face air purifying respirator (APR);

o Chemical cartridge or canister;

o Hard-hat; and,

o Ankles/wrists taped with duct tape

Level D Protection Shall be Used When:

o The atmosphere contains no known hazard; and,

o Work functions preclude splashes, immersion or thepotential for unexpected inhalation of, or contactwith, hazardous concentrations of harmfulchemicals.

15

Level D Protection Equipment at a Minimum shall consist of

o Safety-toe work boots;

o Gloves as needed;

o Safety glasses as needed;

o Splash shield as needed; and,

o Hard hat as needed.

16

6.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

6.1 General

All team members are participants of EPA's medicalmonitoring program and any additional monitoring should notbe necessary unless an incident or exposure occurs.

6.2 Site Specific (including potential overexposures)

Overexposure, illness and injury will be reported to theHealth & Safety Officer (Alan Bauman) who often shall beconsulted regarding appropriate procedure. A medical doctorwill be consulted as necessary. See attached forms EPA1440-9 Accident/Illness, and 1440-6 Unsafe Conditions.

6.3 Heat/Cold Stress

See attached sheets for specific information regardingheat/cold stress.

Frequent breaks, fluid replacement, buddy check system willbe maintained.

17

7.0 FREQUENCY AND TYPES OP AIR MONITORING

7.1 Direct-Reading Instrumen tation

Task Equipment Frequency

1- Soil Boring OVA and HNu Every 5 to 10 feetand samples will besniffed with the OVAand HNu for off-gassing

2- Groundwater sampling " "

Table 7-1 provides site specific air monitoringrequirements.

7.2 Personal Sampling

Area monitoring will be performed.

7.3 Area/Station Monitoring

Area monitoring will be performed with direct readinginstruments. This will determine if further monitoringis necessary.

7.4 Action Levels

SSO will monitor for IDLH situations or any abovebackground readings and will make a decision to upgradebased on PELs or TLVs.

7.5 Particulate

Ground is covered. Drilling area will be kept wetteddown if necessary.

7.6 Off-Site (Public Health)

On-site activities should not effect off-site area.

Table 7.1Site Specific Air Monitorii

Instrument

CombustibleGas Indicator(CGI)

Oxygen MeterRadiationMeter

HNU - PID OVA

Compounds toDetect

Explosive/FlammableAtmospheres

OxygenRadiation

Organicvapors andgasses

Frequency

SiteReconnaissanceand Sampling

same as abovesame as above

same as above

Comments/Action level

10% LELContinuousMonitoring25% Abandonsite< 19.5 or > 25%

If readingsoccur aboveImr/then willabandon site

1 to 5ppm inbreathing zonewill requireupgrade tolevel c.Greater than5ppm abandonsite *

* Vinyl Chloride has a TLV of Ippm and APR's cannot be used forprotection against it, therefore draeger tubes will be used todetermine if it is present.

a 11.7 ev probe will be used with the PID to detectTrichloromethane or draeger tubes will be.

Note: APRs will be donned if visible dust is observed to protectagainst inhalation of particulates possibly contaminatedwith chromium or lead.

18

8.0 SITE CONTROL

The following section defines measures and procedures formaintaining site control. Site control is an essential componentin the implementations of the health and safety program.

8.1 Buddy System

During all Level B activities, as well as wheneveranyone is in the exclusion zone or decon zone, or whenconditions present a risk to personnel theimplementation of a buddy system is mandatory. A buddysystem requires at least two people who work as a team:each looking out for each other. Level B operationsgenerally require three people. Table 8.1 lists thosetasks which require a buddy system and any additionalsite control requirements.

8.2 Site Communications Plan

Successful communication between field teams andcontact personnel in the support zone essential. Thefollowing communications systems will be availableduring activities at Tomah Fairgrounds.

Reaction: Two way

___ Intrinsically safe

Whistle

Megaphone

Compressed air horn and verbal

Hand Signals:

Signal

Hands clutching throatHands on top of headThumbs upThumbs downArms waving uprightGrip partners wrist

Definition

Out of air/can't breathNeed assistanceOK/I'm alright/I understandNo/negativeSend backup supportExit area immediately

Other:

19

8.3 Work Zone Definition

The three general work zones established at the TomahFairgrounds are the Exclusion Zone, ContaminationReduction Zone, and Support Zone. To date, acomprehensive sampling has not been done at the siteand therefore work zones will be designated based oninformation collected during this investigation.

The Exclusion Zone is defined as the area wherecontamination is either known or likely to be present,or because of activity, will provide a potential tocause harm to personnel. Entry into Exclusion Zonerequires the use of personnel protective equipment.

The Contamination Reduction Zone is the area wherepersonnel conduct personal and equipmentdecontamination. It is essentially a buffer zonebetween contamination areas and clean areas.Activities to be conducted in this zone will requirepersonal protection as defined in the decontaminationplan.

The Support Zone is situated in clean areas where thechance to encounter hazardous materials or conditionsis minimal Personal protective equipment is thereforenot required.

The exlusion zones will be marked with marking tape orsurvey flags. Survey flags will also aid in thedetermination of wind direction.

8.4 Nearest Medical Assistance

Figure 8.1 provides a map of the route to the nearestmedical facility which can provide emergency care forindividuals who may experience an injury or exposureon-site. The route to the hospital should be verifiedby the SSO and should be familiar to all sitepersonnel.

The following individuals on-site have currentcertification in CPR and/or first aid: Mike McAteerand Steve Padovani.

8.5 Safe Work Practices

Table 8.2 provides a list of standing orders for theExclusion Zone.

Table 8.3 provides a list of standing orders for theContamination Reduction Zone.

20

8.6 Emergency Alarm Procedures

The warning signals described in section 10.3"Evacuation Routes and Procedures" will be deployed inthe event of an emergency. Communication signals willalso be used according to section 8.2.

21

Figure 8.1: Tomah Map with Route to Nearest Hospital

22

TABLE 8.2: STANDING ORDERS FOR EXCLUSION ZONE

o No smoking eating, or drinking in this zone.

o NO horse play.

o NO matches or lighters in this zone.

o Check-in on entrance to this zone.

o Check-out on exit from this zone.

o Implement the communications system.

o Line of sight must be in position.

o Wear the appropriate level of protection as defined inthe Safety Plan.

23

TABLE 8.3 STANDING ORDERS FOR CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE

o NO smoking, eating or drinking in this zone.

o NO horse play.

o No matches or lighters in this zone.

o Wear the appropriate level of protection.

24

9.0 DECONTAMINATION PLAN

9.1 Standard Operating Procedures

All equipment, PPE and personnel will go through adecontamination. Tubs/buckets with scrub brushes, andtri-sodium phosphate (alconox) and distilled water willbe available. Also, a hand and face wash will beavailable.

9.2 Decon Workers Levels of Protection

Level D is the anticipated level of protection unlessmonitoring equipment warrants an upgrade to Level C.

9.2 Equipment Decon

A three bucket system will be used; first a tri-sodiumphosphate wash bucket, second a rinse/intermediatebucket and third a triple rinse/distilled water bucket.

9.3 Waste Disposal

Excess groundwater and soils generated during siteactivities will be discharged to the surface and soilwill be returned to open borehole.

Any disposal protective clothing and sampling equipmentfrom location where contamination is found will becontained in a 55 gallon drum and removed as directedby U.S. EPA. If it is not found to be contaminated itwill be disposed of as regular waste.

25

10.0 EMERGENCY/CONTINGENCY PLAN

10.1 Pre-Emergency Planning

Hospital route will be given prior to site visit.Hospital will be called to confirm its activities /toaccept hazardous waste site personnel.

10.2 Personnel Roles/Lines of Authority

Matt Mankowski- Team LeaderLaura Evans- Site Safety OfficerMichael McAteer- Team MemberSteve Padovani- Team Member

10.3 Evacuation Routes and Procedures/Safe Distances

Evacuation routes will be determined and discussed on-site at the safety meeting.

10.4 Security and Control

Not applicable

10.5 Emergency Decon Procedures

Distilled water will be available for emergency grossdecon and disposal PPE can be discarded.

10.6 Emergency Notification Systems

Organization Contact Telephone

Ambulance 911Police 608 372-4141Fire 608 372-4141State PoliceHospital #1 Toman Memorial Hospital 608 372-2181

321 Butts Ave.Hospital #2Poison ControlRegional EPAState AuthorityNational Response Center 800 424-8802Center for Disease Control 404 488-4100Chemtrac 800 424-9555

10.7 Emergency Medical Procedures

Call ambulance and administer first aid if necessary.

26

10.8 Fire or Explosion Procedures

Evacuate area, call Fire Department.

10.9 Spill or Leaks Response Procedures

In the event of a spill or a leak, site personnel willlocate the source of the spillage and stop flow if itcan be done safely; and (2) begin containment andrecovery of the spilled materials or call emergency.

10.10 Emergency Equipment/Location

First Aid KitFire ExtinguisherPortable Eye wash

These items will be located in close proximity withinthe support area.

27

TABLE 10.1EMERGENCY RECOGNITION/CONTROL MEASURES

Specific Condition/ PreventionHazard Location ControlFire Fire extinguisher Alarm systemExplosion fire

inspectionsSpill Berms/Dikes

SorbetMaterialsFoams

Air Release Water SprayFoam AlarmSystemEvacuationRoutes

28

11.0 APPROVALS

__________________ Preparer

Site Health & Safety Officer

Alternate SSO

Project Manager

CHROMIUM(VI) OXIDE (1:3) 791

SYNS.ACETK ACID, CHROMIUM(2+)

SALTCHROMIUM<2+) ACETATE

TOXICITY DATA:ori-rat LD»: 11260 mgAg

CHROMIUM(II) ACETATECHROMIUM OIACETATECHROMOUS ACETATE

CODEN:AIHAAP 30.470.69

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.THR: LOW orl. See also chromium compounds.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid

smoke and irr fumes.

CHROMIUM(III) CHLORIDECAS RN: 10025737mf: CljCr; mw: 158.36Bp: 1300° (subl).SYNS:CHROMIC CHLORIDECHROMIUM CHLORIDE. ANHYD-

ROUSCHROMIUM CHLORIDECHROMIUM TRICHLORIDE

MUTAGEN DATA:dnd-esc 5 mmol/Lcyt-hmn: fbr 100 umol/Lcyt-ham:ovr SO ug/L

NIOSH #: GB 5425000

Ci. 77295PURATRONIC CHROMIUM CHLO-

RIDETRICHLOROCHROMIUM

CODEN:CNREA8 40,2455,80CARYAB 12,379.79CARYAB 32,379.79

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:itt-nt TDLo: 12668 ugAg (ID male) JRPFA4 7,21.64ipr-mus TDLo: 44600 ugAg (8D preg)ipr-mus TDLo=30 mgAg (8D preg)ipr-mus TDLo: 59500 ugAg (9D preg)scu-mus TDLo:450 mgAg (1-17D

JTSCDR 2,1,76JTSCDR 2,1.76JTSCDR 2.1,76TJADAB 12.198.7S

scu-mui TDLo: 12668 ug/kg (30Omale)

TOXICITY DATA:ori-t»tLD50:1870 mgAgipr-mus LD50:140 mg/kgivn-mus LDLo:400 mg/kgivn-rbt LDLo=288 mg/kgs n-SPt LDLo=202 mg/kgipc-gpg LDLo=200 mgAg

JRPFA4 7.21.64

CODEN:AIHAAP 30.470,69COREAF 256.1043,63AQMOAC #70-15.1970EQSSDX 1,1.75AEHLAU 11.201.65AEHLAU 11.201,65

Toxicology Review: 85DHAX Cr,22,74. Reported in EPATSCA Inventory, 1980. Meets Criteria for ProposedOSHA Medical Records Rule FEREAC 47,30420,82.

THR: HIGH dermal; MOD orl. Violent reaction withLi, nitrogen.

Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits toxfumes of Q*.

CHROMIUM COMPOUNDSChromic acid and its salts have a corrosive action onthe skin and mu mem. The lesions are confined to theexposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands andforearms and the mu mem of the nasal septum. The char-acteristic lesion is a deep, penetrating ulcer, which, forthe most part, does not tend to suppurate, and which isslow in healing.

Small ulcers, about the size of a matchhead or endof a lead pencil may be found, chiefly around the base

of the nails, on the knuckles, dorsum of the hands andforearms. These ulcers tend to be clean, and progressslowly. They are frequently painless, even though quitedeep. They heal slowly, and leave scars. On the mu memof the nasal septum the ulcers are usually accompaniedby purulent discharge and crusting. If exposure continues,perforation of the nasal septum may result, but producesno deformity of the nose. Chromatc salts are exper andhmn CARC of the lungs, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,also exper CARC of the stomach and larynx. Hexavalentcompounds are said to be more toxic than the trivalent.Eczematous dermatitis due to trivalent chromium com-pounds has been reported.

CHROMIUM DIACETATECAS RN: 628524 NIOSH #: AG 3000000mf: C«H«CrO4; mw: 170.09SYNS:ACETIC ACID. CHROMIUM (2+)

SALT (8CI.9CI)CHROMIUM ACETATE HYDRATE

CHROMIUM (2+) ACETATECHROMIUM (II) ACETATECHROMOUS ACETATE

1 CODEN.AIHAAP 30.470,69

TOXICITY DATA.orl-rat LD50" 11260 mgAg

THR: LOW orl. See also chromium compounds.Disaster Hazard: Ignites spont in air.

CHROMIUMCVI) OXIDE UT-3)CAS RN: 1333820 NIOSH #: GB 6650000mf: CrO8; mw: 100.00Red rhomb, deliq cryst.; d: 2.70; mp: 196°; bp: decompsol = 61.7 g/100 cc @ 0°; 67.45 g/100 cc 9 100°.SYNS:ANHYDRIDE CHROMIQUE

(FRENCH)ANIDR1DE CROMICA (ITALIAN)CHROME (TRIOXYDE DE)

(FRENCH)CHROMIC ACID; CHROMIC (VI)

ACIDCHROMIC ACID, SOLID; CHROMIC

ACID, SOLID (DOT)CHROMIC ANHYDRIDECHROMIC ANHYDRIDE (DOT)CHROMIC TR10XIDE; CHROMIC

TRIOX1DE (DOT)CHROMIUM OXIDE; CHROMIUM

(VI) OXIDE

TOXICITY DATA:mmo-iat 1 mmol/Lmma-sat 10 ug/pUtednd-esc 5 mmol/Lmrc-btc 16 mmol/Lcyt-mus:maml urool/L/48Hcyt-tumêmb 3500 ug/L/24Hcyt-tuun:ovr 250 ug/Lsce-tuun:ovT 250 ug/Livn-tum TDLo=5 mgAg (8D pret)ivn-ham TDLo=7500 ugAg (8D preg)ivn-ham TDLo=7500 ugAg (8D preg)ihl-ham TCLo= 110 ug/m^CARimp-rat TDLo--125 mgAg'CARscn-do| LDLo:330 mgAg

CHROMIUM TR1OX1DECHROMIUM (6+) TRIOXIDCHROMSAEUREANHYDR1D (GER-

MAN)CHROMTRIOX1D (GERMAN)CHROOMTRJOXYDE (DUTCH)CHROOMZUURANHYDRIOE

(DUTCH)CHROMO (THIOSSIDO Ot) (ITAL-

IAN)MONOCHROMIUM OXIDE)MONOCHROMIUM TRIOXIDEPURATRONIC CHROMIUM TRIOX-

IDE

CODEN:TOLEDS 1,195,81AEMIDF 33.80S.77CNREA8 4W455.WMUREAV 58,175,78MUREAV 67,221,79MUREAV 46.87.77TXCYAC 17,219,80TXCYAC 17J19.80ENVRAL 16.101.78ENVRAL 16,101,78TJADAB 9^17,74AGOHAR 13,528.55AIHAAP 20J74.5927ZWAY 3.3.1S21

JOXY)ETHOXY>2-PHENYL ACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT

2-<3XN-ETHYLACETAMIDO)-2,4,6-TRIIODOPHENYDPROPIONIC ACID

CAS RN: 23279507 NIOSH #: UF 3400000mf: C,jHuI,NO,; mw: 612.98y

3-2TOXICITY DATA:ori-mus LD5Q:1300 mgAgivn-mus LD50: 310 mgAg

CODEN:JMCMAR 13.5S9.70JMCMAR 13,559.70

THR: HIGH ivn. MOD orl.Disaster Hazard: When heated to dccomp it emits very

tox fumes of NOX and I".

2-<3-<N-ETHYLACETAMIDO)-2,4,6.TRIIODOPHENYDVALERIC ACID

CAS RN: 23217881 NIOSH #: YV 7390000mf: CI5Hi,I,NO,; mw: 641.04

TOXICITY DATA:orl-nus LD50:2800 mgAgivn-mus LD50-170 mgAg

3-2 CODEN:JMCMAR 13.559.70JMCMAR 13.559.70

THR: HIGH ivn; MOD orl. See also iodides.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits very

tox fumes of I" and NO,.

N-ETHYLACETANILIDECAS RN: 529657 NIOSH #: AE 2830000mf: doH.jNO; mw: 163.24

White crystals, faint odor, mp: 54°, bp: 258°, flash p:126°F, d: 0.994, vap. d: 5.62.

SYNS:ACETETHYLAM1LIDE ETHYLACETANIL1DE

TOXICITY DATA: 3 CODEN:ori-mus LD50:«09 mgAg TXAPA9 19.20.71

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.THR: HIGH via oral route.Fire Hazard: Mod, when exposed to heat or flame; can

react with oxidizing materials.To Fight Fire: Foam, COj, dry chemical.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits tox

fumes of NO,.

NIOSH #: AH 5425000

ETHYL ACETATECAS RN: 141786mf: C4H«Oj; mw: 88.12

Colorless liquid, fragrant odor, mp: —83.6°, bp: 77.15°,ulc: 85-90, lei = 2.2%, uel = 11%, flash p: 24°F. d:0.8946 @ 25°, autoign. temp.: 800°F, vap. press: 100mm 6 27.0°, vap. d: 3.04.SYNS:ACETIC ETHERACETIOD4ACETOXYETHANEAETHYLACETAT (GERMAN)ESBGESTER (GERMAN)ETHYLACETAAT (DUTCH)

ETHYL ACETIC ESTERETHYLE (ACETATE D') (FRENCH)ETHYL ETHANOATEETILE (ACETATO Dl) (ITALIAN)OCTAN ETYLU (POLISH)VINEGAR NATHTHA

TOXICITY DATA: 2-1ipr-mus TDLo: 3600 mgAg: ETAeye-hmn 400 ppmihl-hmn TCLo'400 ppm-IRRori-rat LDSO:11 gmAgihl-rat LC»:1600 ppm/8Hscu-rat LDLo: JOOO mgAgihJ-mus LCLo'- 31000 mg/m3/103Mipr-mus LD50:709 mgAgscu-cat LDSO: 3000 mgAgihl-cat LCLo-61000 mg/m3ori-rbt LD50:4935 mgAgihl-gpg LCLo:77 mg/m3/60Mscu-gpg LDSO: 3000 mgAg

CODEN:CNREA8 33.3069.73JIHTAB 25.282,43JIHTAB 25,282,43A1HAAP 23,96,6214CYAT 2,1879,63BS1BAC 18.45.43AOOHAR 5.1.33SCCUR* -.5.61AOGHAR 5,1.33HBTXAC 1.336.56IMSUAI 41.31.72MELAAO 24,166.33AOGHAR 5.1.33

Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm%= 1000-100 ppmWQCHM* 2,-,74.

TLV: Air: 400 ppm DTLVS* 4,173,80. Toxicology Re-view: AMIHAfi 21,28,60; 27ZTAP 3,66.69. OSHAStandard: Air: TWA 400 ppm (SCP-E) FEREAC39,23540,74. DOT: Flammable Liquid, Label: Flamma-ble Liquid FEREAC 41.57018,76. "NIOSH ManuaJof Analytical Methods" VOL 2 S49. Reported in EPATSCA Inventory, 1980.

THR: Hmn eye irr. Hmn IRR. MOD ihl, ipr, scu. LOWorl, scu, ihl. See also esters. Ethyl acetate is irr to musurfaces, particularly the eyes, gums and respiratorypassages, and is also mildly narcotic. On repeated 01prolonged exposures, it causes conjunctiva! irr and cor-nea! clouding. It can cause dermatitis. High cone havea narcotic effect and can cause congestion of the liveiand kidneys. Chronic poisoning has been described a<producing secondary anemia, leucocytosis and cloud)swelling, and fatty degeneration of the viscera. Usedas a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant.

Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flamecan react vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, (LiAlH;+ 2-chioromethyl furan), oleum, K-terf-butoxide.

Spontaneous Heating: No.Explosion Hazard: Mod, when exposed to flame.Disaster Hazard: Dangerous, upon exposure to heat 01

flame.To Fight Fire: CO* dry chemical or alcohol foam.

ETHYL-N-(2-ACETOXYETHYL)-N-NTTROSOCARBAMATE

mf: CTH,,NjO»; mw: 204.18NIOSH #: FB 2250001

SYNS:N-(2-ACETOXYETHYL)-N-NTTRO-

SOCARBAMIC ACID ETHYL ES-TER

M2-HYDROXYETHYL)-N-NrraO-SOCARBAMK ACID ETHYL ES-TER ACETATE

CODEN:MUREAV 48,131.77

TOXICITY DATA:mmo-sat 2400 pmol/L

THR: MUT data. See also esters.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits to

fumes of NOj.

ETHYL ACETYL ACETATECAS RN: 141979mf: C«HioO»; mw: 130.16

NIOSH #: AX 525000

its tox

'75000

s very

NSED

'25000

EDD-CVT

ts tox

•97500moulaof the

acrid

97840

TOXICITY DATA:mma-sat 25 ug/plale

CODEN:TOLED5 3.325,79

THR: MUT data.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid

smoke and fumes.

LAVENDER ABSOLUTENIOSH #: OF 6100000

Found in the flowers of Lavandula Officinalis chaix. Themain constituent is Linalyl Acetate; prepared from alco-holic extract of a residue, which is extracted from plantmaterial using an organic solvent; a dark green liquid.TOXICITY DATA:skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MLDorl-ral LDSOU2SO rag/kg

CODEN:FCTXAV 14.443,7*FCTXAV 14(5),443.76

THR: LOW orl; A skn irr.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid

smoke and fumes.

LAVENDER OILCAS RN: 8000280 NIOSH #: OF 6110000Main constituent is linalyl acetate. Found in the plantLavandulaofficinalif choix (Fam. Labiate). Prepared bysteam distillation of the flowering stalks of the plant.SYNS:LAVENDEL DEL (GERMAN)

TOXICITY DATA:skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MLDorl-rat LD50:9040 mg/kg

OIL OF LAVENDER

CODEN:FCTXAV 14,443,76PHARAT 14.435.59

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.THR: LOW orl. A skn irr.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid

smoke and fumes.

LD-813CAS RN: 64083052 NIOSH #: OF 6730000Commercial mixture of aromatic amines containing ap-prox. 40% MOCA

CODEN:TXAPA9 31.159.75

TOXICITY DATA: 3orl-rat TDLo: 37 gm/kg/2Y-C:CARC

THR: An exper CARC. See also aromatic amines.Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits tox

fumes

NIOSH #: OF 7525000LEADCAS RN: 7439921mf: Pb; mw: 207.19Bluish-gray, soft metal, mp: 327.43°, bp: 1740°, d: 11.34@ 20°/4°. vap. press: 1 mm 6 973°.SYNS:C.I. 77575LEAD FLAKE

LEADS2GLOW (POLISH)

TOXICITY DATA: 3orl-rat TDLo:790 mg/kg (MGN)orl-rat TDLo: 1 140 mg/kg (I4D pre-

21D post)ori-mus TDLo: 1 120 mg/kg (MGN)orl-mus TDLo: 6300 mg/kg (I -2 ID

ori-mus TDLo: 12600 mg/kg (1-2IDpreg)

orl-mus TDLo : 4800 mg/kg (1-16D

ivn-Hun TDLo : SO mg/kg/(8Dpreg):TER

orl-dom TDLo: 662 m(/k, (1-21W

ivn-him TDLo: 50 mg/kg/(8Dpreg)=TER

orl-wmn TDLo: 450 mg/kg/6Y:CNSipr-ral LDLoMOOO mg/kgorl-pgn LDLo: 160 mg/kg

CODE:AEHLAiPHMCA

AEHLAIEXPEA*

EXPEAft

BECTA6

EXPEAA

TXAPAS

EXPEA*

JAMAAIEQSSDXHBAMA

Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite325,80.

TLV: AIR: 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS* 4,243Review: TRBMAV 33(1),85.75:51(601),783,75; JDSCAE 58(12), 176712,1,73; CTPHBG 55,147,71; CTOXAQURBAW 7(1),75,74; RREVAH 54,5."164(3),277.74; AEMBAP 40,239.7.5(2), 151,72; FOREAE 7,313,42;11(11),1300.75; GEIGAI 20(3)f291.2(4),341,74; CLCHAU 19,361,73; AJMI85DHAX PB.254,72; PDTNBH 6,204,-3,209,77. OSHA Standard: Air: TW,(SCP-O) FEREAC 39,23540,74. Occu|sure to Inorganic Lead rccm std: Amg(Pb)/m3 NTIS»». "NIOSH Mannical Methods" VOL 1 102,191.195^VOL 3 S341. Reported in EPA TO1980.

THR: See lead compounds. A hmn CNMOD irr. A common air contaminantof the lungs and kidney and an exper 1

Fire Hazard: Mod, in the form of dustto heat or flame. See also powdered me

Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of dmto heat or flame.

Incomp: N^NO,, C1F,, H^)fc NaN* Ndium acetylide; oxidants.

Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heatectox fumes; can react vigorously with orals.

For further information see Vol. 1, No. 1port

NIOSH*LEAD ACETATECAS RN: 301042mf: C4H«O«'Pb; mw: 325.29Trihydrate, colorless crystals or white grantSlightly acetic odor; slowly effloresces; d:when rapidly heated. Decomp above 20Cglycerol. Keep well closed.

2620 1.1.2-TRICHLOROETHANE

skn-rt* SCO eng/24H MODeye-rtx 100 ing MLOeye-rbc 2 mg/24H SEVihl-msn LCU>:27 gm/m3/IOMihl-man TCLo=350 ppm: PS Yorl-hma TDLo:670 rag/kg: GITihl-hmn TCLo=920 ppra/TOVTCNSorl-rtt LDSO:10300 mg/kgihl-rmt LCLo: 1000 ppmipr-rat LDJO'SIOO ing/kgorl-mus LD50=11240 ing/kgihl-mus LCLo: 11000 ppm/2Hipr-mus LD50:4700 mg/k|orl-dog LDSO: 750 rag/kgipr-dof LD5(>:3100 mg/kgivn-dog LDLo:9S m|/k|orl-rbt LDSO:5660 mg/kgscu-rbt LDU>:500 mg/kgorl-gpg LD50:9470 nig/kg

2SZPAK -.28,72AIHAAP 19.353.5S28ZPAK -.28,72JOCMA7 8.3JI.66WEHSAL 10.12.73NTIS»» PB257-1SSAIHAAP 19.353.SSNT1S" PB257-1S5FMCHA2 -.D3I7.80NTIS" PB257-185NTIS" PB2S7-18SHBTXAC 5.72,59TXAPA9 13,287.68FMCHA2 -.D317.80TXAPA9 10,119.67HBTXAC 5.72.59AIHAAP 19.353.58HBTXAC 5.72,59AIHAAP 19.353.58

Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:100-10 ppm WQCHM*3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite IARC**20,515,79.

TLV: Air: 350 ppm DTLVS* 4.269,80. Toxicology Re-view: FAZMAE 18,365,74; EATR** EB-TR-75047;AIHAAP 40.A46.79. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 350ppm (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: ORM-A,Label: None FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupational Ex-posure to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane recm std: Air: CL 350ppm/15M NTIS**. NCI Carcinogenesis BioassayCompleted; Results Negative (NCITR* NCI-CG-TR-3,77). Currently Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis byStandard Bioassay Protocol as of December 1980."NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL 1 127,VOL 3 S328. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27.1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPATSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Pro-posed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.

THR: In hmn it causes PSY, GIT, CNS effects. A MODskn irr, a SEV eye irr in rbts. LOW orl, ipr, ihl inrat, mus. MOD orl, ipr dog; Narcotic in high cone.Causes a proarrhythmic activity which sensitizes theheart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. This some-times will cause a cardiac arrest particularly when thismaterial is massively inhaled as in drug abuse for eu-phoria. Reacts violently with NjO4, O», O» liquid, Na,NaOH, Na-K alloy.

Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides.For further information see Vol. 2, No. 1 of DPIM Re-

port.

1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANECAS RN: 79005 NIOSH #: KJ 3150000mf: C,H,CU; mw: 133.40Liquid, pleasant odor, bp: 114°, fp: -35°, d: 1.4416 •20°/4°f vap. press: 40 mm @ 35.2°.SYNS:ETHANE TRICHLORIDE TROJCHLOROETAN(1,1,2) (POL-NO-C04579 OH)BETA-TRICHLOROeTHANE VINYL TRICHLORIDE1,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANE

TOXICITY DATA: 3tkn-fbt 500 mg open MLOskn-ttt 810 mj/24H SEVeye-rt« 162 mg MLOikn-gpf 1440 mg/15Mcyt-gpf-tkn 2880 U|/V|orl-mu* TDLo=76 jm/kj/78W-

I'CARori-mu»TD:i52 gmAg/78W-I:CAR

orl-nt LD50:1140 mgA|ihl-nt LCLo:500 ppm/SHipr-mus LO50=994 m|A«scu-fnu* LD50=227 m(/k(orl-dof LDLo=500 rag/kgipr-dog LO50:450 mgAgivn-dog LDLo:95 mg/kgihl-cat LCLo: 13100 mg/m3/4.5Hscu-rtx LOLo=500 mg/kg

CODEN:UCDS*» 6/28/72JETOAS 9.171,76JETOAS 9.171.76APTOA6 41.298,77APTOA6 41^98.77NCITR* NCI-CG-TR-

74.78NCITR* NC1-CO-TR-

74.78UCDS" 6/28^2AIHAAP 30,470,69TXAPA9 9,139,66JPETAB 123^24.58AJHYA2 16.325,32TXAPA9 10,119,67QIPPAL 7.205.34AHBAAM 116,131,36QJPPAL 7,205.34

Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:100-10 ppm WQCHM*3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Animal PositiveIARC" 20,533,79.

TLV: Air: 10 ppm (skin) DTLVS* 4,406,80. ToxicologyReview. FAZMAE 18,365,74; AIHAAP 40.A46.79;27ZTAP 3,146,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 10 ppm(skin) (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. NCI Carcino-genesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse(NCITR* NCI-CG-TR-74,78). NCI CarcinogenesisBioassay Completed; Results Negative: Rat (NCITR*NCI-CG-TR-74,78). "NIOSH Manual of AnalyticalMethods" VOL 1 127, VOL 2 SI34. NIOSH CurrentIntelligence Bulletin 27,1978. Reported in EPA TSCAInventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assess-ment Information Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.

THR: HIGH ivn, scu and MOD orl, ihl, ipr and dermal.MOD skn irr and SEV eye irr in rbts. Trichloroethanehas narcotic properties and acts as a local irr to theeyes, nose and lungs. It may also be injurious to theliver and kidneys. A fumigant. An exper CARC. MUTdata.

Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides.Incomp: K.For further information see Vol. 2, No. 6 and VoL 3,

No. 2 of DPIM Report

1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE mixed withTETRACHLOROETHYLENE (3:1)

NIOSH #: KJ 3950000

SYNS:DOWCLENE

TOXICITY DATA:orl-ratLDSO: 15 gin/kgihl-rat LC50:3700 ppm/7Horl-mus LD5Q: 10 gnV/kgorM* LD»: 13 gm/kgorl-gpg LD50:6 gm/kg

EC CLEANER

2-1 CODEN:AIHAAP 24.541.63AIHAAP 24,541,63AIHAAP 24,541,63AIHAAP 24441,63AIHAAP 24.541.63

THR: LOW orl, ihl in rat; LOW orl in mus; orl in rbtand orl in gpg.

Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits verytox fumes of Cl~.

2728 VINYL CHLORIDE

VINYL CHLORIDECAS RN: 75014 NIOSH #: KU 9625000mf: C,H,C1; mw: 62.50

Colorless liquid or gas (when inhibited), faintly sweetodor, mp: -160°; bp: -13.9°, lei = 4%, uel - 22%;flash p: 17.6°F (COC). fp: -159.7°, d(liquid): 0.9195 O15°/4°, vap. press: 2600 mm @ 25°, vap d: 2.15, autoign.temp.: 882°F. Slightly sol in water; sol in ale; very solin ether.SYNS:CHLOROETHENECHLOROETHYLENECHLORURE DE VINYLE (FRENCH)CLORURO Dl VINILE (ITALIAN)ETHYLENE MONOCHLORIDEMONOCH LOROETH ENE

TOX1CITY DATA: 3mnu-smc 25000 ppmotr-rmt-ihl 2000 ppm/UW-Ihma-rmt/imc 1 pph/24H-Cihl-mmn TCLo:JO mg/m3 (5Y male)ihl-ral TCLo:500 ppm/7H (6-I5D

MONOCHLOROETHYLENE (DOT)VINYLCHLORID (GERMAN)VINYL CHLORIDE (DOT)VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMERVINYL C MONOMERWINYLU CHLOREK (POLISH)

CODEN:MUREAV 91.381.81ARTODN 47,71.81MUREAV 91,381.81GTPZAB 24(5),28,80TXAPA9 33,134,75

ihl-rmt TCLoMSOO ppm/24H (1-9DP«g)

ihl-rmt TCU>:6000 ppm/4H (12-ISOpreg):£TA

ihl-mmn TCLo:500 ppm/4Y-l:CARori-rat TDLo= 10 gmAg/52W-l:CARihl-rat TCLo'SO ppm/52W-|:CARihl-rmt TCU>:6000 ppm/4H/(12-18D

preg):CARCipr-rmt TDLo: 21 mg/kg/65W-I: ETAscu-rmt TDLo:2l mg/kg/67W-I:ETAihl-mus TCU>:50 ppm/30W-I:CARihl-ham TCLo'-X ppm/4H/30W-

PCARihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/26W.|: NEOihl-rmt TC:2SO ppm/52W-l:CARihl-mus TC=50 ppm/47W-l:CARorl-rmt TD:34 gm/kg/3Y-l:CARihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/26W-I: NEOihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/35W-I:CARihl-rmt TC = 250 ppm/2Y-I:CARihl-hmm TO 500 ppm/48W-I:NEOihl-rat TC:250 ppm/SOW-PCARihl-rat TOSO ppm/STW-PCARorl-rat LD50:500 ing/kgihl-gpf LCLo:20 ppm/30M

TXCYAC 11.45.78

ANYAA9 271,431.76

JOCMA7 16,809,74APDCDT 3.216,76ANYAA9 271.431,76ANYAA9 271.431,76

APDCDT 3.216.76APDCDT 3.216.76ANYAA9 271.431,76APDCDT 3,216,76

ENVRAL 16.285,78JTEHD6 4,15.78JTEHD6 4,15.78EVHPAZ 21,1,77ENVRAL 16,285,78ENVRAL 7.387.74AANLAW 56.1.74MELAAD 65,421.74MELAAO 65,421,74MELAAD 65.421,74DOWCC*85DV A7- . l l 60.38

Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:over 1000 ppmWQCHM* 3,-,74.

Carcinogenic Determination: Human Positive IARC"19.377,79.

TLV: Air: 5 ppm DTLVS* 4,427,80. Toxicology Review:FAZMAE 18,365,74; JTEHD6 1(1).47,75; CMTVAS10(3),49.73; CHWEAP 70.5,74; CANCAR 39,1792,77;MUREAV 32(2),93,76; ZHPMAT 166,113,78; BNY-MAM 54,413,78; ABMHAM 35,585,77; CBINA822,117,78. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 1 ppm; CL 5ppm/15M FEREAC 40,27073,75. DOT: FlammableGas, Label: Flammable Gas FEREAC 41,57018,76.Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Halides recm std: Air:TWA 1 ppm; CL 5 ppm/15M NTIS**. "NIOSH Man-uai of Analytical Methods" VOL 1 178. NIOSH Cur-

rent Intelligence Bulletin 28, 1978. Reported in EPATSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8E No.03780104—Followup Reply Received as of April, 1979.

THR: HIGH irr via inhal route and to skn, eyes andmu mem. In high cone, it acts as an anesthetic. Causesskn burns by rapid evaporation and consequent freez-ing. Chronic exposure has shown liver injury in ratsand rbts. Circulatory and bone changes in the fingertipsreported in workers handling unpolymerized materials.A hmn brain CARC and an exper brain CARC, NEO,ETA via inhal route. May cause local irr.

Fin Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat, flameor oxidizers. Large fires of this material are practicallyinextinguishable.

Spontaneous Heating: No.Explosion Hazard: Severe, in the form of vapor, when

exposed to heat or flame. Also, on standing, forms per-oxides in air and can then explode.

Disaster Hazard: Very dangerous; when heated to decompit emits highly tox fumes of phosgene; can react vigor-ously with oxidizing materials. Before storing or han-dling this material, instructions for its use should beobtained from the supplier.

To Fight Fire: Stop flow of gas.For further information see Vol. 1, No. 3 of DPIM Report.

NIOSH #: GQ 5850000VINYL CROTONATECAS RN: 14861064mfQH.O,; mw: 112.14

Slightly sol in water, d: 0.9, vap. d: 4.0, bp: 134°, flashp: 788F (OQ.SYNS:CROTONIC ACID. VINYL ESTER

TOXICITY DATA:skn-rbt 500 mg open MLDeye-rbt 500 mgorl-rmt LD50:6500 mg/kg

2-RUTENOIC ACID, ETHENYL ES-TER

CODEN:UCDS" 11/15/71AMIHBC 10.61.54UCDS" 11/15/71

THR: Skn, eye irr in rbt. See also ester. LOW via oralroute. Probably very irr.

Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat, flameor oxidizers.

To right Fire: Alcohol foam.

VINYLCYCLOHEXANE MONOXIDECAS RN: 106865 NIOSH #: RN 8770000mf: QH.,0; mw: 124.20Liquid, very slightly sol in water, d: 0.9598 @ 20°/20°,bp: 169°, flash p: 136°F, fp: -100°.

SYNS:1J-EPOXY-4-VINYLCYCLOHEX-

ANE4-VINYLCYCLOHEXANE, 1,2-

EPOXIDE4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE-1.2-

ETOXIDEVINYLCYCLOHEXENE MONOXIDE

4-VtNYLCYCLOHEXENE MONOX-IDE

I -VO4YL-3.4-EPOX YCYCLOHEX-ANE

3-VWYL-7-OXA1ICYCUX* 1 0)HEPTANE

Section

Operating Procedures

Heat Stress and Other Physiological Factors(FROM NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/D.S. EPA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE ACTIVITIES)

Wearing PPE puts a hazardous waste worker at considerable risk of developing heat stress.This can result in health effects ranging from transient heat fatigue to serious illness ordeath. Heat stress is caused by a number of interacting factors, including environmentalconditions, clothing workload, and the individual characteristics of the worker. Becauseheat stress is probably one of the most common (and potentially serious) illnesses athazardous waste sites, regular monitoring and other preventive precautions are vital.Individuals vary in their susceptibility to heat stress. Factors that may predispose someoneto heat stress include:

o Lack of physical fitness. o Lack of acclimatization.o Age. o Dehydration.o Obesity. o Alcohol and drug use.o Infection. o Sunburn.o Diarrhea. o Chronic disease.

Reduced work tolerance and the increased risk of excessive heat stress is directly influencedby the amount and type of PPE worn. PPE adds weight and bulk, severely reduces the body'saccess to normal heat exchange mechanisms (evaporation, convection, and radiation), andincreases energy expenditure. Therefore, when selecting PPE each item's benefit should becarefully evaluated in relation to its potential for increasing the risk of heat stress.Once PPE is selected, the safe duration of work/rest periods should be determined based onthe :

o Anticipated work rate.o Ambient temperature and other environmental factors.o Type of protective ensemble.o Individual worker characteristics and fitness.

MonitoringBecause the incidence of heat stress depends on a variety of factors, all workers, eventhose not wearing protective equipment, should be monitored.o For workers wearing permeable clothing (e.g.,standard cotton or synthetic work

clothes) , follow recommendations for monitoring requirements and suggestedwork/rest schedules in the current American Conference of Governmental IndustrialHygienists1 (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values for Heat Stress. If the actualclothing worn differs from the ACGIH standard ensemble in insulation value and/orwind and vapor permeability, change the monitoring requirement and work/restschedule accordingly.

o For workers wearing semipermeable or impermeable encapsulating ensembles, theACGIH standard cannot be used. For these situations, workers should be monitoredwhen the temperature in the work area is above 70°F (21°C) .

To monitor the worker, measure:o Heart rate. Count the radial pulse during a 30-second period as early as

possible in the rest period. If the heart rate exceeds 110 beats per minute at

Section


the beginning of the rest period, shorten the next work cycle by one-third andkeep the rest period the same. If the heart rate still exceeds 110 beats perminute at the next rest period, shorten the following work cycle by one-third.

o Oral temperature. Use a clinical thermometer (3 minutes under the tongue) orsimilar device to measure the temperature at the end of the work period (beforedrinking). If oral temperature exceeds 99.6°F (37.7°C), shorten the next workcycle by one-third without changing the rest period. If oral temperature stillexceeds 99.60F at the beginning of the next rest period, shorten the followingwork cycle by one-third. Do not permit a worker to wear a semipermeable orimpermeable garment when his/her oral temperature exceeds 100.6°F (38.1°F) .

o Body water loss, if possible. Measure weight on a scale accurate to ±0.25 Ib.at the beginning of each work day to see if enough fluids are being taken in toprevent dehydration. Weights should be taken while the employee wears similarclothing or, ideally, is nude. The body water loss should not exceed 1.5 percentof total body weight loss in a work day.

Initially, the frequency of physiological monitoring depends on the air temperature adjustedfor solar radiation and the level of physical work (see Table 8-10) . The length of the workcycle will be governed by the frequency of the required physiological monitoring.

PreventionProper training and preventive measures will help avert serious illness and loss of workproductivity. Preventing heat stress is particularly important because once someone suffersfrom heat stroke or heat exhaustion, that person is predisposed to additional heat injuries.To avoid heat stress, management should take the following steps:

o Adjust work schedules:Modify work/rest schedules according to monitoring requirements.Mandate work slowdowns as needed.Rotate personnel: alternate job functions to minimize overstress or overexertionat one task.Add additional personnel to work teams.Perform work during cooler hours of the day if possible or at night if adequatelighting can be provided.

o Provide shelter (air-conditioned, if possible) or shaded areas to protectpersonnel during rest periods.

o Maintain workers' body fluids at normal levels. This is necessary to ensure thatthe cardiovascular system functions adequately. Daily fluid intake mustapproximately equal the amount of water lost in sweat, i.e., a fluid ounces (0.23liters) of water must be ingested for approximately every 8 ounces (0.23 kg) ofweight lost. The normal thirst mechanism is not sensitive enough to ensure thatenough water will be drunk to replace lost sweat, when heavy sweating occurs,encourage the worker to drink more. The following strategies may be useful:

Maintain water temperature at 50°P to 60°F (10°C to 1S.6°C) .Provide small disposable cups that hold about 4 ounces (0.1 liter).

Section


Have workers drink 16 ounces (o.S liters) of fluid (preferably water ordilute drinks) before beginning work.Urge workers to drink a cup or two every 15 to 20 minutes, or at eachmonitoring break. A total of 1 to 1.6 gallons (4 to 6 liters) of fluidper day are recommended, but more may be necessary to maintain bodyweight.Weigh workers before and after work to determine if fluid replacement isadequate.

o Encourage workers to maintain an optimal level of physical fitness:Where indicated, acclimatize workers to site work conditions: temperature,protective clothing, and workload (see Level of Acclimatization at the end ofthis chapter).Urge workers to maintain normal weight levels.

o Provide cooling devices to aid natural body heat exchange during prolonged workor sever heat exposure. Cooling devices include:

Field showers or hose-down areas to reduce body temperature and/or cooloff protective clothing. Cooling jackets, vests, or suits.

o Train workers to recognize and treat heat stress. As part of training, identifysigns and symptoms of heat stress (See Table 8-11).

Other FactorsPPE decrease worker performance as compared to an unequipped individual. The magnitude ofthis effect varies considerably, depending on both the individual and the PPE ensemble used.This section discusses the demonstrated physiological responses to PPE, the individual humancharacteristics that play a factor in these responses and some of the precautionary andtraining measures that need to be taken to avoid PPE-induced injury.

Section


Table 8-10 Suggested Frequency of Physiological Monitoring for Fit andAcclimatized Workers1

ADJUSTED TEMPERATURE"

90°F (32.2°C) orabove

87.5° to 90°F (30.8°CO 32.2°C)

82. 5U to 87.5T (28.1°to 30.8°C)

77.5° to 82.5°F (25.3°to 28.1"C)

72.7° to 77.5°F (22.5°to 25.3°C)

NORMAL WORK ENSEMBLE0

After each 45 minutes of work





IMPERMEABLE ENSEMBLE

After each 15 minutes




After each 120 minuteswork

of work

of work

of work

of work

of

*For work levels of 250 kilocalories/hour"Calculate the adjusted air temperature (ta adj) by using this equation: ta adj °F = ta °F +(13 x % sunshine). Measure air temperature (ta) with a standard mercury-in-glassthermometer, with the bulb shielded from radiant heat. Estimate percent sunshine by judgingwhat percent time the sun is not covered by clouds that are thick enough to produce a shadow.(100 percent sunshine = no cloud cover and a sharp, distinct shadow; 0 percent sunshine = noshadows).CA normal work ensemble consists of cotton coveralls or other cotton clothing with longsleeves and pants.

Section


Table 7-11. Signs and Symptoms of Heat Stress

o Heat rash may result from continuous exposure to heat or humid air.

9 Heat cramps are caused by heavy sweating with inadequate electrolytereplacement. Signs and symptoms include:

- muscle spasms- pain in the hands, feet and abdomen

o Heat exhaustion occurs from increased stress on various body organsincluding inadequate blood circulation due to cardiovascular insufficiencyor dehydration. Signs and symptoms include:

- pale, cool, moist skin- heavy sweating- dizziness- nausea-fainting

o Heat stroke is the most serous form of heat stress. Temperatureregulation fails and the body temperature rises to critical levels.Immediate action must be taken to cool the body before serious injury anddeath occur. Competent medical help must be obtained. Signs and symptomsare :

- red, hot, usually dry skin- lack of or reduced perspiration- nausea- dizziness and confusion- strong, rapid pulse- coma

The physiological factors which may affect worker ability to function using PPE include:o Physical condition,o Level of acclimatization,o Age.o Gender.o Weight.

Physical ConditionPhysical fitness is a major factor influencing a person's ability to perform work under heatstress. The more fit someone is, the more work they can safely perform. At a given levelof work, a fit person, relative to an unfit person, will have:

o Less physiological strain.o A lower heart rate.o A lower body temperature, which indicates less retained

body heat (a rise in internal temperature precipitates heat injury) .

Section


o A more efficient sweating mechanism.o Slightly lower oxygen consumption.o Slightly lower carbon dioxide production.

Level of AcclimatizationThe degree to which a worker's body had physiologically adjusted or acclimatized to workingunder hot conditions affects his or her ability to do work. Acclimatized individualsgenerally have lower heart rates and body temperatures than unacclimatized individuals, andsweat sooner and more profusely. This enables them to maintain lower skin and bodytemperatures at a given level of environmental heat and work loads than unacclimatizedworkers. Sweat composition also becomes more dilute with acclimatization, which reduces saltloss.

Acclimatization can occur after just a few days of exposure to a hot environment. NIOSHrecommends a progressive 6-day acclimatization period for the unacclimatized worker beforeallowing him/her to do full work on a jog. Under this regimen, the first day of work on siteis begun using only 50 percent of the anticipated workload and exposure time, and 10 percentis added each day through day 6. With fit or trained individual, the acclimatization periodmay be shortened 2 or 3 days. However, workers can lose acclimatization in a matter of daysand work regimens should be adjusted to account for this.

When enclosed in an impermeable suit, fit acclimatized individuals sweat more profusely thanunfit or unacclimatized individuals and may therefore actually face a greater danger of heatexhaustion due to rapid dehydration. This can be prevented by consuming adequate quantitiesof water. See previous section on Prevention for additional information.

AgeGenerally, maximum work capacity declines with increasing age, but this is not always thecase. Active, well-conditioned seniors often have performance capabilities equal to orgreater than young sedentary individuals. However, there is some evidence, indicated bylower sweat rates and higher body core temperatures, that older individuals are lesseffective in compensating for a given level of environmental heat and work loads. Atmoderate thermal load, however, the physiological responses of "young" and "old" are similarand performance is not affected.

Age should not be the sole criterion for judging whether an individual should be subjectedto moderate heat stress. Fitness level is a more important factor.

GenderThe literature indicates that females tolerate heat stress at least as well as their malecounterparts. Generally, a female's work capacity averages 10 to 30 percent less than thatof a male. The primary reasons for this are the greater oxygen-carry ing capacity and thestronger heart in the male. However, a similar situation exist as with aging: not all maleshave greater work capacities than all females.

WeightThe ability of a body to dissipate heat depend on the ratio of its surface area to its mass(surface area/weight) . Heat loss (dissipation) is a function of surface area and heatproduction id dependent on mass. Therefore, heat balance is described by the ratio of the

Section


two.

Since overweight individual (those wich a low ratio) produce more heat per unit of surfacearea than thin individuals (those with a high ratio) , overweight individuals should be givenspecial consideration in heat stress situations. However, when wearing impermeable clothing,the weight of an individual is not a critical factor in determining the ability to dissipateexcess heat.

RESPIRATORS

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATORS

CHEMICALS FOR WHICH CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES SHOULD NOT bE USED KEGAKDLESS UFCONCENTRATION OR TINE EXPOSURE

ACROLEIN flETHYL£;£ CHULKIUEANILINE NICKEL CARBONYLARSINE NITRO COMPOUNDS:BROMINE NITROBENZENECARBON MOMOXIODE NITROGEN OXIDESDMETHYLANILIME NlTROGLYCERINDIMETHYL SULFATE NITROMETHANEFORMALDEHYDE OZONEHYDROGEN CYANIDE PHOSGENEHYDROGEN FLUORIDE PHOSPIMEHYDKOGEN SELENIDE PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDEHYDROGEN SULFIDE STIBINEMETHANOL SULFER CHLORIDEMETHYL BROMIDE TOLUENE DllSKYANATEMETHYL CHLORIDE VINYL CHLUKIDE

CAN AN AIR-PURIFYINGRESPIRATOR BE USED?

O X Y G E N DEFICIENCY IDENTIFIED AIR CONTAMINANT

STOP YES NO

o oSTOP

ADEQUATE W A R N I N G PROPERTIES?

YES NO

•o oSTOP

TLV EXCEEDED?

YES NO

•o oNO RESPIRATOR REQUIRED

IDLH EXCEEDED?

YES NO

STOP SERVICE LIMIT CONCENTRATION OFCANNISTER/CARTRIDOE ADEQUATE?

YES NO

o oPROTECTION FACTOR OF MASK ADEQUATE? STOP

<-?——————————————————————————————^

NO YES

STOP HAS USER BEEN SUCCESSFULLY FIT-TESTED?

YES NO

IS THE RESPIRATOR ASSEMBLY STOPAPPROVED FOR THIS APPLICATION?

NO YEB

o <>STOP USE APPROPRIATE

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR

OFFICE OF SUPERFJND

REGION V

RESPIRATOR PROTECTS, PR

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this operating procedure is to ensure the protection câll Office of Superfund employees from respiratory hazards, throughproper selection and use of respirators. Respirators are to be used cr.lywhere engineering control of respirator hazards is not feasible, whileengineering controls are being installed, or in emergencies.

">.is program is in accordance with the requirements of OSHA 29 CFP1910.134 ana tne guidance of MOSH's Industrial Respiratory Protection

P.ES'ONSIEILITY

The Superfund Safety Officer is Alan Baunaann. He is responsible forall facets of this program and has full authority to make necessarydecisions to ensure success of this program. This authority includesequipment purchases necessary to implement and operate the program. TheSafety Officer, or his designee, are the only persons authorized tc anendthe respirator protection program.

The Office of Superfund has authorized the Safety officer to halt anyoperation where there is danger of serious personal injury. This policyincludes respiratory hazards.

PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. The Safety Officer wi l l develop detailed written standard operatingprocedures governing the selection and use of respirators, using theN10SH Respirator Decision Logic as a guideline. Outside consultationmanufacturer's assistance, and other recognized authorities will beconsulted If there is any doubt regarding proper selection and use.These detailed procedures will be included as appendices to thisrespirator program. Only the Safety Officer or designee may amendthese procedures.

2. Respirators w i l l be selected on the basis of hazards to which theworker is exposed. Final selection on questionable situations w i l lbe made by the Superfund Safety Officer. Only MSHA/NIOSH-cert1f1edrespirators will be selected and used.

3. The user will be instructed and trained in the proper use ofrespirators and their limitations. Both supervisors and workerswill be so instructed. Training should provide the employee an

- 2 -

opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, testits facepiece-tc-face seal, wear it in normal air for a longfamiliarity period, and finally to wear it in a test atmosphere.Every respirator wearer w i l l receive fitting instructions, includingdemonstrations and practice in how the respirator should be worn,to adjust it ana how to determine if it fits properly.

Respirators should not be worn when conditions prevent a good faceseal. Such conditions may be a growth of beard, sideburns, a s»-j11cap that projects under the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses.No employees who wear respirators, may wear beards. Also the absenceof one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece.The worker's diligence in observing these factors will be evaluatedby periodic checks. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fitwill be checked by the wearer each time the wearer puts on therespirator. This will be done by following the manufacturer'sfacepiece-fitting instructions.

4. Where practicable, the respirators will be assigned to i n d i v i d u a lworkers for their exclusive use.

5. Respirators will be regularly'cleaned and disinfected. Those issuedfor the exclusive use of one worker will be cleaned after each day'suse, or more often if necessary. Those used by more than one workerwill be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use.

6. Respirators will' be stored in a clean and sanitary location in sucha manner so as not to crease or distort the face piece and therebyaffect the fit of the respirator.

7. Respirators used routinely will be inspected during cleaning. Wornor deteriorated parts will be replaced. Respirators for emergencyuse such as self-contained devices will be thoroughly inspected atleast once a month and after each use.

8. Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree ofemployee exposure or stress will be maintained.

9. There will be regular inspection and evaluation to determine thecontinued effectiveness of the program. During safety audits and atother opportunities the Safety Officer will make inspections of areaswhere respirators are used to ensure compliance with the respiratoryprotection programs.

10. Persons will not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respiratorsunless it has been determined that they are physically able toperform the work and use the equipment. EPA's medical monitoringexamination protocol will determine what health and physicalconditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status willbe reviewed annually.

ATTACHMENT

SELECTION AND USE

1. The selection of a specific respirator mu^t be made by individualsknowledgeable about the limitations associated with each class ofrespirators and familiar with the actual workplace environment,including the job task(s) to be performed. The correct use of arespirator is just as important as the selection process if adequateworker protection is to be achieved.

A. Criteria for Selecting Respirators

To use this decision logic, the user must first assemble the necessarytoxicolcgic, safety, and other relevant information for eachcontaminant, i n c l u d i n g the following:

- General use conditions, including determination ofcontaminant(s);

0 Physical, chemical, and toxicologic properties of thecontami nant(s);

- Odor threshold data; if applicable.c MOSH recommended exposure limit (REL), ACGIH threshold limit

values (TLVs), OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) or otherapplicable exposure limit. (Exposure limits are usually Tir.eWeighted Averages (TWA) unless a ceiling limit exists for thecor pound.)

3 Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentration;0 Eye irritation potential; and0 Any service life information available (for cartridges and

canisters).When conflicting or inadequate data are found, experts should beconsulted before decisions are made that could affect the proper use ofthe selection procedure. In addition, the adequacy of the respiratorselected 1s dependent on the validity of the exposure limit used.

The Information obtained on general use conditions for respirators shouldInclude a description of the actual job task. Including the duration andfrequency, location and physical demands. Some general use conditionsmay preclude the use of specific types of respirators 1n certaincircumstances because the individual must be medically andpsychologically suitable to wear a given respirator for a given task,particularly if the respirator Is a self-contained breathing apparatus(SCBA).

- 2 -

Information obtained on the serv ice life of the cartr idge/canister undercondit ions of intended use should be evaluated regardless of the odorwarning properties of the chemicals. These eva lua t ions should be basedon all gas(es) and vapor(s) present at the temperature and relativehumidity extremes (high and low) in the workplace. Cartridge replacementschedules will be based on the type of operation and will generally be atthe end of each shift of work or more often as indicated by odor breakthru, or high breathing resistance. Cartridge replacement may be at morefrequent intervals.

5. Rest r ic t ions and Requirements for All Respirator Usage

The fo l lowing requirements and restrictions must be considered toensure that the respirator selected will provide adequateprotection under the conditions of intended use:

* Respirator users must receive annual training in basicmaintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation of therespirator; use of the respirator in accordance with themanufacturer 's instructions; fit testing; and environmentalmonitoring. Minimum respiratory protection requirements canbe found in the OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR1910.134, and in the expanded standards sections for specificcontaminants. Respiratory protection information is alsofound in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards and inother publications.

0 Qual i tat ive or quantitative fit tests should be provided asappropriate to ensure that the respirator fits the individual.Periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of each respiratorduring use in the workplace should be conducted to ensure thateach wearer is being provided with adequate respiratoryprotection. When quantitative fit testing (QNFT) is used, thefit factor screening level should be chosen with caution andwith the recognition of the uncertainty of its effectivenesssince no studies have demonstrated what fit factor valuesprovide adequate accept/reject criteria for quantitative fitscreening.

•0 Negative pressure respirators should not be used when facial

scars or deformities Interfere with the face seal.0 No respirator (including positive pressure respirators) should

be used when facial hair interferes with the facial seal.0 The respirators should be properly maintained, correctly used,

and conscientiously worn.0 The usage limitations of air-purifying elements, particularly

gas and vapor cartridges, should not be exceeded.

• 3 -

In order to select air purifying respirators the followingcri teria must be met in almost all s i tuat ions:

- Compound must be identified and quantif ied.Compound must have adequate warning properties.

- There must be at least 19.51 Oxygen present.

The respirators must be approved by the Mine Safety and HealthAdministration and the National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health (MSHA/NIOSH).

Full face respirators are the only respirators approved forOff ice of Superfund personnel.

Workers must leave the contaminated area immediately uponsusp ic ion of respirator failure.

Workers are not exposed to single unvarying concentrations ofhazardous substances. Individual exposures may varythroughout a site or facility, a workshift, and between days.The highest anticipated concentration should be used tocompute the required protection factor for each respiratorwearer. Respirator selection will be made based on thecompound with the most toxic and /or carcinogenic property orpotential .

Respirator wearers should be aware of the variability in humanresponse to the warning properties of hazardous substances.

Published assigned protection factors (APF's) of variousrespirators are based for the most part on laboratory studies.However, a few APF's have been validated by data obtained fromstudies of workplace protection factors (HPF's). For thepresent, the APF's should be regarded as approximate as theyare not based on WPF's.

Respirator Decision Logic Sequence

After all criteria have been identified and evaluated andafter the requirements and restrictions of the respiratoryprotectfon program have been met, the following sequence ofquestions can be used to identify the class of respiratorsthat should provide adequate respiratory protection:

1. Is the respirator Intended for use during fire fighting?

a. If yes, only a self-contained breathing apparatus(SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in pressure demandor other positive pressure mode is recommended .

b. If no, proceed to Step 2.

- 4 -

»he respirator intended for use in an oxygen-deficienti.e., less - than 19. 5S oxygen at sea level?

a. If yes, a self-contained breathing apparatus ( S C B A ; w i t ha full face piece operated in a pressure demana or otherposit ive pressure mode, or a supplied air respirator( S A R ) wi th full facepiece operated in a pressure dexancor other posit ive pressure mode in combination w i th ar.auxi l iary SCBA in pressure demand or other pos i t i vepressure mode. The auxil iary SCBA must be of suf f i ; le r f

duration to permit escape to safety if the air sup;,',, *sinterrupted.

5. If re, proceed *c Step 3.

3. Is the respirator intended for use during emergencys i t ua t i ons?

a. If yes, two types of respirators are recommended: a SCEAwith a full facepiece operated in pressure demand orother positive pressure mode or an SAR with a fullfacepiece operated in pressure demand or other posi t ivepressure mode in combination w i th an auxil iary SC5A:ê'-ate: ir- pressure cerarc cr ctier posi t ive cressjre-see. A u x i l i a r y SCE* ~u«t te cf sof ' icier.t z«r&*-:' vperr>t escape tc safety if the air supply isinterrupted.

c. If no, proceed to Step 4.

4. Is the contaminant regulated by the Department of Labor asan occupational carcinogen or identified by NIOSK or AC2I -as a carcinogen or as a potential human carcinogen in theworkplace, and is the contaminant detectable in theatmosphere?

a. If yes, the :rator selected, either supplied air, crair purifying, n depend :n the properties of theco'ntaminant ; Confirmed, cr =uspected human carcinogen,assigned numeric exposure limit, no exposure limitassignment, and the . centration of the contaminant a»the work * . - .Respirator selections forcardnoge- • . *i in«nts should be referred to theSuperfunc ..fety Officer.)


5. Is the exposure concentration of the contaminant, asdetermined by acceptable industrial hygiene methods, lessthan the NIOSH REL or other applicable exposure l imit?

- 5 -

(Whenever a worker is given a respirator to use on avoluntary basis when ambient levels are below applicablelimits, OSHA requires the implementation of a completerespiratory protection program, which includes medicalevaluation, training, fit testing, periodic environmentalmonitoring, and all other requirements in 29 CFR 1910.134.)

a. If yes, a respirator would not be required except for anescape situation. Proceed to Step 7. (Because of themix of compounds (1n most cases, not quantified) foundat hazardous waste sites, Respiratory Protection isgenerally required at any concentration abovebackground.)


6. Are conditions such that a worker who is required to wear arespirator can escape from the work area and not sufferloss of life or immediate or delayed irreversible healtheffects if the respirator fails, i.e., are the conditionsnot_ immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)?

a. If yes, conditions are not considered to be IDLH.Proceed to Step 7.

b. If oo, conditions are considered to be IDLH. Two typesof respirators are recommended: a SCBA with a fullfacepiece operated in pressure demand or other positivepressure mode or an SAR with a full facepiece operatedin pressure demand or other positive pressure mode incombination with an auxiliary SCBA operated in pressuredemand or other positive pressure mode. The auxiliarySCBA must be of sufficient duration to permit escape tosafety if the air supply is Interrupted.

7. Is the contaminant an eye irritant, or can the contaminantcause eye damage at the exposure concentration?

a. Vf yes, a respirator equipped with a full facepiece,is required. Full face respirators are the onlyrespirators approved for Office of Superfund personnel.(See restrictions and requirements above.) Proceed toStep 8.

8. If the physical state of the contaminant 1s a partlculate(solid or liquid) during periods of respirator use, proceedto Step 9; 1f it is a gas or vapor, proceed to Step 10, Ifit 1s a combination of gas or vapor and partlculate,proceed to Step 11.

- 6 -

9. Part icular Resp i ra tors

A f i l ter ciediu-. that will provide protect ion againstexposure to the part iculate in quest ion is required.Office of Superfund personnel must wear High Eff ic iencyPar t i cu la te Air (HEPA) fi lters as protection against al lt o x i c part iculate matter, regardless of the REL/TLV/PET7In some instances other filters may be approved fornuisance dusts only.

Maximum use concentration of the respirators used aspro tec t ion against toxic part iculate matter is based :- *êR E L / T L V / P E L of the substance multipl ied by the ass ig recp ro tec t i on factor ( A P F ) . Some tox i c substances havespeci f ic OSHA respirator select ion requirements basec cr.their concentrat ions.

10. Gas/Vapor Respirators

Are the warning properties for the gas/vapor contaminantadequate at or below the NIOSH REL/TLV/PEL or otherappl icaole exposure limit?

a. If yes, proceed to Step 11.

b. If no, an air-purifying respirator equipped with aneffect ive end-of-serv1ce-life indicator (ESLI), asupplied-air respirator, or a self-contained breathingapparatus is recommended.

11. A combination air-purifying chemical cartridge/canisterand HEPA filter respirator 1s required that has a sorbentsuitable for the chemical properties of the anticipatedgas/vapor contaminants) and for the anticipated exposurelevels.

N.B. Because of the mix of unquantified compounds generallyfound at hazardous waste sites, respirator selection isfrequently made on 5— • concentration readings madewith crra" i - vapor -. ret reading monitoring instruments,sec.:- -iteria for selecting air-puHfyingresp; . *?, quantifying, and adequate warningproperr:. . satisfied with the portable monitoringinstruments u-»*d, very conservative (highly protective)respiratory protection Is selected under these conditions.(S«e Level of protection based on dial reading response inEPA's STANDARD OPERATING SAFETY GUIDES.)

Drilling

INTERNATIONAL DRILLING FEDERATION

DCDMATlwtMlNngEiiulpimntManufacturerAMOclMlon

NDCANMkxul Ortm-igContmctoraAuocMton

CODACvMdUn Olvnond0>MlngAuocldloo

DRILLING SAFETY GUIDE

Table of Contents

1. An Introduction to Drilling Safety . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2. Governmental Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3. The Safety S u p e r v i s o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. Individual Protective Equipment... . . . . . . . . . 10

5. Housekeeping On and Around the Drill Rig ... 12

6. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7. Hand Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

8. Clearing the Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

9. Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

10. Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

11. Overhead and Buried Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12. Supplying Power to the Job S i te . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

-3-

DRILLING SAFETY GUIDEThe Drilling Safety Guide has been prepared through the

combined efforts of member delegations of the Diamond CoreDrill Manufacturers Association (DCDMA), the National DrillingContractors Association (NDCA) and the National Water WellAssociation-Drill Rig/Heavy Equipment Products Group (NWWA)and is published by the International Drilling Federation for thebenefit of the drilling industries.

This guide contains suggested safety procedures. It is notintended to set forth any standard industry procedures or require-ments. This manual is to be used as a guideline for the safeoperation of drilling equipment. IDF, DCDMA, NDCA. NWWA,their officers, and members deny any liability for any injury to peo-ple or property that may occur even if these procedures areproperty followed. Further, the IDF, DCDMA, NDCA, NWWA, theirofficers, and members do not accept responsibility forthe com-pleteness of the guide or the applicability of the statements orprocedures to the use of all drilling machines and tools in all envi-ronments. Many aspects of drilling safety cannot be expressedin detail and cannot be met by mechanical means; drilling safetycan only be accomplished with the exercise of intelligence, care,and common sense.

COPYRIGHT 1985.Revised 1991

International Drilling FederationCOLUMBIA. SC

DRILLING SAFETY GUIDE

Table of Contents

1. An Introduction to Drilling Safety

2. Governmental Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3. The Safety Supe rv i so r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. Individual Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5. Housekeeping On and Around the Drill Rig ... 12

6. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7. Hand T o o l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

8. Clearing the Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

9. Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

10. Drilling Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

11. Overhead and Buried Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12. Supplying Power to the Job Site

-3

21

Table of Contents

13. Contact with Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

14. Wire Line Hoists, Wire Rope, and

Hoisting Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

15. Cathead and Rope Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

16. Augers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

17. Rotary and Core Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

18. Transporting a Drill Rig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

19. Loading and Unloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

20. Off-Road Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

21. Tires, Batteries, and Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

22. First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

23. Drill Rig Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

24. Drill Rig Alterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

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DRLIHG SAFETYGUIDE

1. An Introduction To Drilling SafetyThe organization for which you work is interested in your

safety. Your employer cares about your safety not only when youare working on or around a drill rig, but also when you are travel-ing to and from adrilling site, moving the drill rig and tools fromlocation to location on a site, or providing maintenance on a drillrig or drilling tools. This safety guide is for your benefit. Failureto heed the safety procedures contained in this manual couldresult in serious injury or death.

Every drill crew should have a designated safety supervisorwho has the authority to enforce safety on the drilling site. A rigworker's first safety responsibility is to obey the directions of thesafety supervisor.

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2. Governmental RegulationsAll local, state, and federal regulations or restrictions, cur-

rently in effect or effected in the future, take precedence over therecommendations and suggestions which follow. Governmentregulations will vary from country to country and from state tostate

3. The Safety SupervisorThe safety supervisor for the drill crew will, in most cases,

be the drill rig operator. The safety supervisor must:• Consider the "responsibility" for safety and the "authority"

to enforce safety to be a matter of first importance.• Be the leader in using proper personal safety gear and set

an example in following the rules that are being enforced onothers.

• Enforce the use of proper personal protective safety equip-ment and take appropriate corrective action when proper per-sonal protective safety equipment is not being used.• Understand that proper maintenance of tools and equipment

and general "housekeeping" on the drill rig will provide an en-vironment that will promote and enforce safety.• Before drilling is started with a particular drill, ensure that

anyone who operates the drill has had adequate training and isthoroughly familiar with the drill rig, Its controls, and itscapabilities.• Inspect the drill rig at least daily for structural damage, loose

bolts and nuts, proper tension in chain drives, loose or missingguards or protective covers, fluid leaks, damaged hoses, and/ordamaged pressure gauges and pressure relief valves.• Check and test all safety devices, such as emergency shut-

down switches, at least daily and preferably at the start of a drill-ing shift. Drilling must not be permitted until all emergency shut-down and warning systems are working correctly. Do not allowany emergency device to be bypassed or removed.• Check that all gauges, warning lights, and control levers are

functioning properly and listen for unusual sounds each time anengine is started.• Ensure that every drill rig worker is informed of safe operat-

ing practices on and around the drill rig. Provide every drill rigworker with a copy of the organization's drilling operations safetymanual, and when appropriate, the drill rig manufacturer's opera-tions and maintenance manual. Ensure that every employeereads and understands the safety manual.

• Carefully instruct a new worker in drilling safety and observethe new worker's progress towards understanding safe operatingpractices.• Assess the mental, emotional, and physical capability of

each worker to perform the assigned work in a proper and safemanner. Remove any worker from the drill site whose mental andphysical capabilities might cause injury to the worker orcoworkers.

• Ensure that a first-aid kit and a fire extinguisher, which areproperly maintained, are on each drill rig and each additionalvehicle.• Be well trained in and capable of using first-aid kits, fire

extinguishers, and all other safety devices and equipment. Traincrew members.

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• Maintain a list of addresses and telephone numbers ofemergency assistance units (ambulance services, police,hospitals, etc.) and inform other members of the drill crew of theexistence and location of the list.

4. Individual Protective EquipmentFor most geotechnical, mineral, and/or groundwater drill-

ing projects, individual protective equipment must include asafety hat, safety shoes, safety glasses, and close-fitting glovesand clothing. The clothing of the individual drill rig worker is notgenerally considered protective equipment; however, theworker's clothing should be comfortable but must be close fit-ting, without loose ends, straps, draw strings, belts or otherwiseunfastened parts that might catch on some rotating or translatingcomponent of the drill rig. Rings and jewelry must not be wornduring a work shift.

• Safety Head Gear. Safety hats (hard hats) must be worn byeveryone working or visiting at or near a drilling site. All safetyhats must meet the requirements of ANSI Z89.1. All safety hatsmust be kept clean and in good repair with the headband andcrown straps properly adjusted for the individual drill rig workeror visitor.

• Safety Shoes or Boots. Safety shoes or boots must be wornby all drilling personnel and all visitors to the drill site that observedrilling operations within close proximity of the drill rig. All safetyshoes or boots must meet the requirements of ANSI Z41.1.• Gloves. All drilling personnel must wear gloves for protection

against cuts and abrasions that could occur while handling wirerope or cable and from contact with sharp edges and burrs ondrill rods and other drilling or sampling tools. All gloves must beclose fitting and not have large cuffs or loose ties that can catchon rotating or translating components of the drill rig.

• Safefy Glasses. All drilling personnel must wear safetyglasses. All safety glasses must meet the requirements of ANSIZ87.1.

• Other Protective Equipment. For some drilling operations, theenvironment or regulations may dictate that other protectiveequipment be used. The requirement for such equipment must

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be determined jointly by the management of the drilling organiza-tion and the safety supervisor. Such equipment might includeface or ear protection or reflective clothing. Each drill rig workermust wear noise-reducing ear protectors when appropriate.

When drilling is performed in chemically or radiologically con-taminated ground, special protective equipment and clothingmay, and probably will, be required. The design and compositionof the protective equipment and clothing must be determinedjointly by the management and the client who requests the drill-ing services, and under some circumstances, with the concurrence of a health and safety professional.

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5. Housekeeping On and Around the Drill RigThe first requirement for safe field operations is that the

safety supervisor understand and fulfill the responsibility formaintenance and "housekeeping" on and around the drill rig. Thesafety supervisor must:• Provide suitable storage locations for all tools, materials, and

supplies so that these Items can be conveniently and safelyhandled without hitting or falling on a member of the drill crewor a visitor.• Avoid storing or transporting tools, materials, or supplies

within or on the mast (derrick) of the drill rig, unless designed forthis purpose.• Stack pipe, drill rods, casing, augers, and similar drilling tools

in orderly fashion on racks or sills to prevent spreading, rolling,or sliding.

• Place penetration or other driving hammers at a safe loca-tion on the ground or secure them to prevent movement whennot in use.• Keep work areas, platforms, walkways, scaffolding, and other

accessways free of materials, debris, obstructions, andsubstances such as ice, grease or oil that could cause a surfaceto become slick or otherwise hazardous.• Keep all controls, control linkages, warning and operation

lights and lenses free of oil, grease, and/or ice.• Store gasoline only in a non-sparking, red container with a

flame arrester in the fill spout and having the word "gasoline"easily visible.

6. MaintenanceGood maintenance will make drilling operations safer. Also,

maintenance must be performed safely. The following points areessential to safety:

• Wear safety glasses when performing maintenance on a drillrig or on drilling tools.• Shut down the drill rig engine to make repairs or adjustments

to a drill rig or to lubricate fittings (except repairs or adjustmentsthat can only be made with the engine running). Take precautionsto prevent accidental starting of an engine during maintenanceby removing or tagging the ignition key.

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• Block the wheels or lower the leveling jacks or both and sethand brakes before working under a drill rig.• Release all pressure on the hydraulic systems, the drilling

fluid system and the air pressure systems of the drill rig — whenpossible and appropriate — prior to performing maintenance Inother words, reduce the drill rig and operating systems to a "zeroenergy stale" before performing maintenance Use extreme cau-tion when opening drain plugs and radiator caps and otherpressurized plugs and caps.• Do not touch an engine or the exhaust system of an engine

following its operation until the engine and exhaust system havehad adequate time to cool.

WARNINGMAINTENANCEIN PROGRESSgO NOT START

• Never climb the mast (derrick) to do maintenance or makerepairs. Lower mast, stop engine and deenergize rig before start-Ing maintenance or repair on mast.• Never weld or cut on or near a fuel tank• Do not use gasoline or other volatile or flammable liquids as

a cleaning agent on or around a drill rig.

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• Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for applyingthe proper quantity and quality of lubricants, hydraulic oils and/orcoolants.• Replace all caps, filler plugs, protective guards or panels, and

high pressure hose clamps and chains or cables that have beenremoved for maintenance before returning the drill rig to service.

7. Hand ToolsSince there are almost an infinite number of hand tools that

can be used on or around a drill rig and in repair shops, there arean equal number of instructions for proper use. "Use the tool forits intended purpose" is the most important rule. The followingsuggestions apply to safe use of several hand tools that fre-quently are used on and around drill rigs:• When a tool becomes damaged, either repair it before using

it again or get rid of it.• When using a hammer, any kind of hammer for any purpose,

wear safety glasses and require all others around you to wearsafety glasses.• When using any kind of chisel or punch, for any purpose,

wear safety glasses and require all others around you to wearsafety glasses.• Keep all tools cleaned and stored appropriately when not in

use.• Use wrenches — not pliers — on nuts.• Use screwdrivers with blades that fit the screw.• When using a wrench on a tight nut, first use some

penetrating oil and then use the largest wrench available that fitsthe nut. When possible pull on the wrench handle rather thanpush on it; apply force to the wrench with both hands whenpossible and with both feet firmly placed. Always assume thatyou may lose your footing; check the place that you may fall forsharp objects.• Keep all pipe wrenches clean and in good repair. Use a wire

brush frequently to clean the jaws of pipe wrenches. An accumu-lation of dirt and grease can cause wrenches to slip.• Never use pipe wrenches in place of a rod-holding device.• Replace hook and heel jaws when they become visibly worn.

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• When breaking tool joints on the ground or on a drilling plat-form, position your hands so that your fingers will not besmashed between the wrench handle and the ground or the plat-form if the wrench should slip or the tool joint suddenly let go.

8. Clearing the Work AreaPrior to drilling, adequately clear and level the site to accom-

modate the drill rig and supplies and provide a safe working area

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Do not begin drilling if tree limbs, unstable ground, or siteobstructions cause unsafe tool handling conditions.

9. Start-UpInstruct all drill rig personnel and visitors to "stand clear"

of the drill rig immediately prior to starting the engine.• Make sure all brakes are set, all gear boxes are in neutral, all

hoist levers are disengaged, all hydraulic levers or air controls arein the correct positions, and the cathead rope is not on thecathead before starling a drill rig engine.

• Start all engines according to the manufacturer's manual.

10. Drilling OperationsSafety requires the attention and cooperation of every

worker and site visitor.• Do not drive the drill rig from hole to hole with the mast

(derrick) in the raised position.• Before raising the mast (derrick), look up to check for

overhead obstructions. (Refer to Section 11 on Overhead andBuried Utilities.)• Before raising the mast (derrick), clear all drill rig personnel

(with exception of the operator) and visitors from the areasimmediately to the rear and the sides of the mast. Inform all drillrig personnel and visitors that the mast is being raised prior toraising it.• Before the mast (derrick) of a drill rig is raised and drilling is

begun, (tie drill rig must first be leveled and stabilized with level-ing jacks and/or solid cribbing. Relevel the drill rig if it settles afterinitial set up. Lower the mast (derrick) only when the levelingjacks are down and do not raise the leveling jack pads until themast (derrick) is lowered completely.• Before starting drilling operations, secure, and/or lock the

mast (derrick) if required, according to the drill manufacturer'srecommendations.• Do not stand on the elevated deck of a truck-mounted or all-

terrain-mounted drill rig while the drill rig is in operation unlessnecessary for special tasks and the operator has been notified.• Only operate a drill rig from the position of the controls.

Before leaving the area of the controls, shift the transmission

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controlling the rotary drive into neutral and place the feed leverin neutral. Before leaving the vicinity of the drill, shut down thedrill engine

• Throwing or dropping tools must not be permitted. Carefullypass tools by hand between personnel or use a hoist line.

• Do not consume alcoholic beverages, other depressants, orchemical si imulants prior to starting work on a drill rig or whileon the job.

• If it is necessary to drill within an enclosed area, make cer-tain that exhaust fumes are conducted out of the area. Exhaustfumes are toxic and some cannot be detected by smell.• Clean mud and grease from boots before stepping on a drill

platform and use hand holds and railings. Watch for slipperyground when stepping down from the platform.

• During freezing weather, do not touch any metal parts of thedrill rig with exposed flesh. Freezing of moist skin to metal canoccur almost instantaneously.

• Drain all air and water lines and pumps when not in use iffreezing weather is expected.• Adequately cover or protect all unattended boreholes to pre-

vent drill rig personnel, site visitors, or animals from stepping orfalling into the hole. Cover, protect or backfill all open boreholesaccording to local or state regulations on completion of the drill-ing project.• Never allow "horsing around" within the vicinity of the drill

rig and tool and supply storage areas — even when the drill rigis shut down.• When using a ladder on a drill rig, face the ladder and grasp

either the side rails or the rungs with both hands while ascend-jng or descending. Do not attempt to use one or both hands tocarry a tool while on a ladder. Use a hoist line and a tool "bucket"or a safety hook to raise or lower hand tools.• Terminate drilling operations during an electrical storm and

move the complete crew away from the drill rig.

An elevated derrick platform should be used with the follow-ing precautions:• When working on a derrick platform, use a safety belt and

a lifeline. The safety belt must be at least 4 In. (100 mm) wideand should lit snugly but comfortably. The lifeline, when attached

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to the derrick, must be less than 6 ft. (2 m) long. The safety beltand lifeline must be strong enough to withstand the dynamicforce of a 250 Ib. (115 kg) weight (contained within the belt) fall-ing 6 ft. (2 m).

• Use a safety device when climbing to a derrick platform thatis higher than 20 ft. (6 m).• When on a derrick platform, fasten the lifeline to the derrick

just above the derrick platform and to a structural member thatis not attached to the platform or to other lines or cables support-ing the platform.• When first arriving at a derrick platform, immediately inspect

for broken members, loose connections, loose tools, or otherloose materials.• Securely attach tools to the platform with safety lines. Do not

attach a tool to a line attached to one's wrist or any other part ofthe body.• When working on a derrick platform, do not guide drill rods

or pipe into racks or other supports by taking hold of a movinghoist line or a traveling block.• Do not leave loose tools and similar items on the derrick plat-

form or on structural members of the derrick.• A derrick platform over4 ft. (1.2 m) above ground surface must

have toe boards and safety railing that are in good condition.• Avoid being under rig workers on elevated platforms

whenever possible.

If heavy objects must be manually lifted, exercise care toavoid injury.• Before lifting an object without using a hoist, make sure that

the load is within your personal lifting capacity. If it is too heavy,ask for assistance• Before lifting a relatively heavy object, approach the object

by bending at the knees, keeping the back vertical and unarchedwhile obtaining a firm footing. Grasp the object firmly with bothhands and stand slowly and squarely while keeping the back ver-tical and unarched. In other words, perform the lifting with themuscles in the legs, not with the muscles in the lower back.

• If a heavy object must be moved some distance without theaid of machinery, keep the back straight and unarched. Changedirections by moving the feet, not by twisting the body.

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• Move heavy objects with the aid of hand carts wheneverpossible.

11. Overhead and Buried UtilitiesBoth supervisors and members of the exploration crew

must take special precautions when a drill rig will be used on asite or project within the vicinity of electrical power lines andother utilities. Electricity can shock, it can bum, and it can causedeath.

• Locate, note, and emphasize overhead and buried utilities onall boring location plans and boring assignment sheets.

• When overhead electrical power lines exist at or near a drill-ing site or project, consider all wires to be alive and dangerous.

MINIM"!

LESSER DISTANCES

MUST BE REVIEWED

WITH LOCAL UTILITIES.

REFER TO OSHA REG.

29 CFR 1910.180

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CAUTIONUNDERGROUND

CABLEBEFORE DIGGING PLEASECALL ENTERPRISE 9800

• Watch for sagging power lines before entering a sita Do notlift power lines to gain entrance Call the utility and ask them tolift or raise the lines or deenergize (turn off) the power.• Before raising the drill rig mast (derrick) on a site in the vicin-

ity of power lines, walk completely around the drill rig. Determinethe minimum horizontal distance from any point on the drill rig

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to the nearest power line when the mast is raised and/or beingraised. If this horizontal distance is less than 100 ft. (30 m), firstconsult the local utility company and refer to OSHA REG 29 CFM1910.180 before commencing operations.• Keep in mind that both hoist lines and overhead power lines

can be moved toward each other by the wind.• In order to avoid contact with power lines, only move the drill

rig with the mast (derrick) down.• If there a'e any questions concerning the safety of drilling

on sites in the vicinity of overhead power lines, call the powercompany. The power company will provide expert advice at thedrilling site as a public service and at no cost.

Electricity is as dangerous underground as overhead. Beaware of and always suspect the existence of undergroundutilities such as electrical power, gas, petroleum, telephone,sewer and water:

• If a sign warning of underground utilities is located on a siteboundary, do not assume that underground utilities are locatedon or near the boundary or property line under the sign. Call theutility and check it out. The underground utilities may be a con-siderable distance away from the warning sign.• Always contact the owners of utility lines or the nearest

underground utility location service before drilling. Determinejointly with utility personnel the precise location of undergroundutility lines, mark and flag the locations, and determine jointlywith utility personnel what specific precautions must be takento ensure safety.

12. Supplying Power to the Job SiteDrilling projects sometimes require around-the-clock opera-

tions and, therefore, require temporary electrical lighting. Ingeneral, all wiring and fixtures used to provide electricity for drill-ing operations should be installed by qualified personnel inaccordance with the National Electrical Code (NFPA70-1984) withconsideration of the American Petroleum Institute's recom-mended practices for electrical installations for productionfacilities (API-RP-500B). Lights should be installed and posi-tioned so that the work area and operating positions are well

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lighted without shadows or blind spots. The following arespecific recommendations for land-based drilling operations:

• Before working on an electrical power or lighting system,lockout the main panel box with your own lock and keep the keyon your person at all times.

• Install all wiring using high quality connections, fixtures andwire Be sure that the wiring is insulated and protected withconsideration for the drilling environment. Do not use makeshift

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wiring and equipment.• Place all lights positioned directly above working areas in

cages or similar enclosures to prevent loose or detached lampsor vaportight enclosures from falling on workers.

• Install lights so as to eliminate glare or "blind spots" on tools,ladders, walkways, platforms, and the complete working area.• Locate and guard electrical cables to prevent damage by drill-

ing operations or by the movement of personnel, tools, orsupplies.• Use only three-prong, U-blade, grounded type plug recep-

tacles and have adequate current carrying capacity for the elec-trical tools that may be used.

• Use only electrical tools that have three-prong, U-blade,ground wire plugs and cords.

• Do not use electrical tools with lock-on devices.• Provide adequate grounding for all electrical welders,

generators, control panels, and similar devices.• Provide secure protective enclosures on control panels, fuse

boxes, transformers, and similar equipment.• Avoid attaching electrical lighting cables to the derrick or

other components of the drill rig. If this must be done, use onlyapproved fasteners. Do not "string" wire through the derrick.

• Do not use poles used to hold wiring and lights for any otherpurpose.• Turn power off before changing fuses or light bulbs.• Require all workers in a drilling area illuminated with elec-

trical lighting to wear safety head gear that protects the worker'shead, not only against falling or flying objects, but also againstlimited electrical shock and burns according to ANSI Z89.1 andZ89.2.

• Allow only trained, designated personnel to operate elec-trical equipment.• Do not permit unqualified field personnel to work on or near

electric lines or devices.

13. Contact with ElectricityIf a drill rig makes contact with electrical wires, it may or

may not be insulated from the ground by the tires of the carrier.Under either circumstance, if the human body simultaneously

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comes in contact with the drill rig and the ground, electrocutioncan result, causing death or serious injury. If a drill rig or a drillrig carrier makes contact with overhead or underground elec-trical lines:• Under most circumstances the operator and other person-

nel on the seat of the vehicle should remain seated and not leavethe vehicle. They should not move or touch any part, particularlya metallic part, of the vehicle or the drill rig.• If it is determined that the drill rig should be vacated, all per-

sonnel must jump clear and as far as possible from the drill. Per-sonnel must not step off — but must jump off. Do not hang onto the vehicle or any part of the drill when jumping clear.• If you are on the ground, stay away from the vehicle and the

drill rig; do not allow others to get near the vehicle and the drillrig. Seek assistance immediately from local emergency person-nel such as the police or a fire department.• When an individual is injured and in contact with the drill rig

or with power lines, attempt rescue with extreme caution. If arescue is attempted, use a long, dry, unpainted piece of wood ora long, dry, clean rope Keep as far away from the victim as possi-ble and do not touch the victim until the victim is completelyclear of the drill rig or electrical lines.• Do not attempt to administer first aid unless the victim is

completely clear of the electrical source Begin cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR) immediately if a heart beat (pulse) cannot bedetected.

14. Wire Line Hoists, Wire Rope, and Hoisting HardwareUse wire line hoists, wire rope, and hoisting hardware only

as stipulated by the American Iron and Steel Institute Wire RopeUsers Manual.• Visually inspect all wire ropes and fittings during use and

thoroughly inspect them at least once a week for abrasion,broken wires, wear, reduction in rope diameter, reduction in wirediameter, fatigue, corrosion, damage from heat, improper reev-ing, jamming, crushing, bird caging, kinking, core protrusion,and/or damage to lifting hardware. Replace wire ropes wheninspection indicates excessive damage, as described in the WireRope Users Manual.

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• Thoroughly inspect all wire ropes that have not been usedfor a period of a month or more.• Install all connections and end fittings, which consist of

spliced eyes and various manufactured devices, according to themanufacturer's specifications. Do not exceed ratings specifiedby manufacturer.• If a ball-bearing type hoisting swivel is used to hoist drill rods,

inspect and lubricate swivel bearing daily to assure that theswivel freely rotates under load.• If a rod slipping device is used to hoist drill rods, do not drill

through or rotate drill rods through the slipping device; do nothoist more than 1 ft. (0.3 m) of the drill rod column above the topof the mast (derrick); do not hoist a rod column with loose tooljoints; and do not make, tighten, or loosen tool joints while therod column is being supported by a rod slipping device. If drillrods should slip back into the borehole, do not attempt to breakthe fall of the rods by hand or by tensioning the slipping device.

• Most sheaves on exploration drill rigs are stationary with asingle part line. Never increase the number of parts of linewithout first consulting with the manufacturer of the drill rig.• Wire ropes must be properly matched with each sheave. If

the rope is too large, the sheave will pinch the wire rope. If therope is too small, it will groove the sheave. Once the sheave isgrooved, it will severely pinch and damage larger-sized wire ropes.

The following procedures and precautions must beunderstood and Implemented for use of wire ropes and rigginghardware:

• Use tool handling hoists only for vertical lifting of tools(except when angle hole drilling). Do not use tool handling hoiststo pull on objects away from the drill rig; however, drills may bemoved using the main hoist of the drill if the wire rope is spooledthrough proper sheaves according to the manufacturer'srecommendations.• When stuck tools or similar loads cannot be raised with a

hoist, disconnect the hoist line and connect the stuck toolsdirectly to the feed mechanism of the drill. Do not use hydraulicleveling jacks for added pull to the hoist line or to the feedmechanism of the drill.

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• When attempting to pull out a mired down vehicle or drill rigcarrier, only use a winch on the front or rear of the vehicle andstay as far as possible away from the wire rope. Do not attemptto use tool hoists to pull out a mired down vehicle or drill rigcarrier.• Apply loads smoothly and steadily to minimize shock

loading of a wire rope.• Avoid sudden loading in cold weather.• Never use frozen ropes.• Protect wire rope from sharp corners or edges.• Replace faulty guides and rollers.• Replace worn sheaves or worn sheave bearings.• Replace damaged latches on hooks before using.• Know the working load of the equipment and tackle being

used. Never exceed this limit.• Periodically inspect and test hoist clutches and brakes.• Know and do not exceed the rated capacity of mast hooks,

rings, links, swivels, shackles, and other lifting aids.• Always wear gloves when handling wire ropes.• Do not use hands to guide wire rope on hoist drums.• Following the installation of a new wire rope, first lift a light

load to allow the wire rope to adjust.• Never conduct any hoisting operations when the weather

conditions are such that hazards to personnel, the public, orproperty are created.• Never leave a load suspended in the air when the hoist is

unattended.• Keep hands away from hoists, wire rope, hoisting hooks,

sheaves, and pinch points while slack is being taken upor whenthe load is being hoisted.• Never hoist the load over the head, body, or feet of any

personnel.• Never use a hoist line to "ride" up the mast (derrick) of a drill

rig-• Use replacement wire ropes that conform to the drill rig

manufacturer's specifications.

15. Cathead and Rope HoistsFollow these procedures when using a cathead hoist:

•26-

• Keep the cathead clean and free of rust, oil and grease Rustshould be removed from the cathead with a wire brush havinga handle.• Check the cathead periodically, when the engine is not run-

ning, for rope wear grooves. If a rope groove forms to a depthgreater than 1/8 in. (3 mm), replace the cathead.

• Always use a clean, dry, sound rope. A wet or oily rope may"grab" the cathead and cause drill tools or other items to berapidly hoisted to the top of the mast.• Should the rope "grab" the cathead or otherwise become

tangled in the drum, release the rope and sound an appropriatealarm for all personnel, including the operator, to rapidly backaway and stay clear. If the rope "grabs" the cathead, and tools arehoisted to the sheaves at the top of the mast, the rope will oftenbreak, releasing the tools. If the rope does not break, stay clearof the drill rig until the operator cautiously returns to turn off thedrill rig engine and appropriate action is taken to release thetools. Keep careful watch on the suspended tools and quicklyback away after turning off the engine.

• Always protect the rope from contact with chemicals.Chemicals can cause deterioration of the rope that may not bedetected visibly.

• Never wrap the rope from the cathead (or any other rope, wirerope, or cable on the drill rig) around a hand, wrist, arm, foot, ankle,legs, or any other part of the body.

• Always maintain a minimum of 18 inches of clearancebetween the operating hand and the cathead drum when driv-ing samplers, casing, or other tools with the cathead and ropemethod. Be aware that the rope advances toward the catheadwith each hammer blow as the sampler or other drilling tooladvances into the ground.

• Never operate a cathead (or perform any other task arounda drill rig) with loose, unbuttoned, or otherwise unfastenedclothing or when wearing gloves with large cuffs or loose strapsor lacings.

• Do not use a rope that is any longer than necessary. A ropethat is too long can form a ground loop or otherwise become en-tangled with the operator's legs.• Do not use more rope wraps than are required to hoist a

load.

-27-

• Do not leave a cathead unattended with the rope wrappedon the drum.• Position all other hoist lines to prevent contact with the

operating cathead rope.

• When using the cathead and rope for driving or back-driving,make sure that all threaded connections are tight and stay as faraway as possible from the hammer impact point.

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• Only operate the cathead standing on a level surface withgood, firm footing conditions without distraction or disturbance.

16. AugersFollow these general procedures when starting a boring

with continuous flight or hollow-stem augers:• Start an auger boring with the drill rig level, the clutch or

hydraulic rotation control disengaged, the transmission in lowgear, and the engine running at low RPM.

• Apply an adequate amount of down pressure prior to rota-tion to seat the auger head below the ground surface.• Look at the auger head while slowly engaging the clutch or

rotation control and starting rotation. Stay clear of the auger.• Slowly rotate the auger and auger head while continuing to

apply down pressure. Keep one hand on the clutch or on the rota-tion control at all times until the auger has penetrated about onefoot or more below ground surface• If the auger head slides out of alignment, disengage the

clutch or hydraulic rotation control and repeat the hole startingprocess.• An auger guide can facilitate the starting of a straight hole

through hard ground or a pavement.

Establish a system of responsibility for the operator and toolhandler to follow during the series of various activities requiredfor auger drilling, such as connecting and disconnecting augersections, and inserting and removing the auger fork. The operatormust ensure that the tool handler is well away from the augercolumn and that the auger fork is removed before starting rota-tion. In addition:• When rotating augers, stay clear of the rotating auger and

other rotating components of the drill rig. Never reach behind oraround a rotating auger for any reason whatever.• Only use the manufacturer's recommended method of

securing the auger to the power coupling. Do not use an over-length pin or bolt. Do not touch the coupling or the auger withhands, a wrench, or any other tools during rotation.• Whenever possible, use tool hoists to handle auger sections.• Never place hands or fingers under the bottom of an auger

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section when hoisting the auger over the top of the auger sectionin the ground or other hard surfaces such as the drill rig plat-form.• Never allow feet to get under the auger section that is being

hoisted.• Use a long-handed shovel to move auger cuttings away from

the auger. Never use hands or feet to move cuttings away fromthe auger.• Do not attempt to remove earth from rotating augers. Clean

augers only when the drill rig is in neutral and the augers arestopped from rotating.

17. Rotary and Core DrillingCheck rotary drilling tools prior to drilling:

• Lubricate and check for frozen bearings before usingwater/air swivels and hoisting plugs. Water/air swivel bearingsmust be free before using, and stay clear of water/air swivel hosewhen rotating.• Check drill rod chuck jaws periodically and replace when

necessary.• Check the capacities of hoists and sheaves against the

anticipated weight to the drill rod string plus other expectedhoisting loads.

During rotary or core drilling, follow these special precau-tions that involve chucking, joint break, hoisting, and loweringof drill rods:• Only the operator of the drill rig should be allowed to brake

or set a manual chuck so that rotation of the chuck will not occurprior to removing the wrench from the chuck.• Drill rods should not be braked during lowering into the hole

with drill rod chuck jaws.• Do not lower drill rods into the hole with pipe wrenches.• If a string of drill rods is accidentally or inadvertently released

into the hole, do not attempt to grab the falling rods by hand orwith a wrench.• In the event of a plugged bit or other circulation blockage,

relieve the high pressure In the piping and hose between thepump and the obstruction before breaking the first tool joint.

-30-

• When drill rods are hoisted from the hole, clean them onlywith a wiper made of rubber or other suitable material. Do not usehands to clean drilling fluid from drill rods.• If work must progress above a portable drilling fluid (mud)

pit, do not attempt to stand on narrow sides or cross members.Equip the mud pit with rough surfaced, fitted cover panels of ade-quate strength to hold drill rig personnel.• Do not lift or lean unsecured drill rods against the mast.

Either provide some method of securing the upper ends of thedrill rod sections for safe vertical storage or lay the rods down.

18. Transporting a Drill RigWhen transporting a drill rig on and off a drilling site:

• Allow only licensed individuals to operate the vehicle. Com-ply with all federal, state, and local regulations.• Know the traveling height (overhead clearance), width,

length, and weight of the drill rig with carrier and know thehighway and bridge load, width, and overhead limits. Allow ade-quate margins and make sure that they are not exceeded.• Never move a drill rig unless the vehicle brakes are in sound

working order.• Allow for mast overhang when cornering or approaching

other vehicles or structures.• Be aware that the canopies of service stations and motels

are often too low for a drill rig mast to clear with the mast in thetravel position.

• Watch for low hanging electrical lines, particularly at theentrances to drilling sites, restaurants, motels, or other commer-cial sites.

• Never travel on a street, road, or highway with the mast (der-rick) of the drill rig in the raised or partially raised position.• Remove all ignition keys when a drill rig is left unattended.

19. Loading and UnloadingWhen loading or unloading a drill rig on a trailer or a truck:

• Use ramps of adequate design that are solid and substan-tial enough to bear the weight of the drill rig with carrier —

-31-

including tooling.• Load and unload on level ground.• Use the assistance of someone on the ground as a guide• Check the brakes on the drill rig carrier before approaching

loading ramps.

• Distribute the weight on the drill rig, carrier, and tools on thetrailer so that the center of weight is approximately on the center-line of the trailer and so that some of the trailer load is transferred

-32-

to the hitch of the pulling vehicle. Refer to the trailer manufac-turer's weight distribution recommendations.• Secure the drill rig and tools to the hauling vehicle with ties,

chains, and/or load binders of adequate capacity.

20. Off-Road MovementFollow these procedures during off-road movement:

• Before moving a drill rig, first walk the route of travel, inspect-ing for depressions, stumps, gulleys, ruts, and similar obstacles.

• Always check the brakes of a drill rig carrier before traveling,particularly on rough, uneven, or hilly ground.• Check the complete drive train of a carrier at least weekly for

loose or damaged bolts, nuts, studs, shafts, and mountings.• Discharge all passengers before moving a drill rig on rough

or hilly terrain.• Engage the front axle (for 4 x 4,6 x 6, etc. vehicles or carriers)

when traveling off highway on hilly terrain.• Use caution when traveling side-hill. Conservatively evaluate

side-hill capability of drill rigs because the arbitrary addition ofdrilling tools may raise the center of mass. When possible, traveldirectly uphill or downhill. Increase tire pressures before travel-ing in hilly terrain (do not exceed rated tire pressure).

• Attempt to cross obstacles such as small logs and small ero-sion channels or ditches squarely rather than at an angle.• Use the assistance of someone on the ground as a guide

when lateral or overhead clearance is close.• Set all brakes and/or locks after the drill has been moved to

a new drilling site. When grades are present, block the wheels.• Never travel off-road with the mast (derrick) of the drill rig in

the raised or partially raised position.

21. Tires, Batteries, and FuelCheck tires on the drill daily for safety and, during extended

travel, for loss of air. Maintain air pressures for travel on streets,roads, and highways according to the manufacturer's recommen-dations. Only repair truck and off-highway tires with the requiredspecial tools and follow the recommendations of a tire manufac-turer's repair manual.

-33-

If tires on all-terrain drills are deflated to reduce groundpressure for movement on soft ground, reinflate the tires to nor-mal pressures before movement on firm or hilly ground or onstreets, roads, and highways. Underinflated tires are not stableon firm ground.

During air pressure checks, inspect for• Missing or loose wheel lugs.• Objects wedged between duals or embedded in the tire

casing.• Damaged or poorly fitting rims or rim flanges.• Abnormal or uneven wear and cuts, breaks, or tears in the

casing.

Batteries contain strong acid. Use extreme caution whenservicing batteries.• Service batteries only in a ventilated area and while wearing

safety glasses.• When a battery is removed from a vehicle or service unit,

disconnect the battery ground clamp first.• When installing a battery, connect the battery ground clamp

last.• When charging a battery with a battery charger, turn off the

power source to the battery before either connecting or discon-necting charger leads to the battery posts. Loosen cell capsbefore charging to permit the escape of gas.• Spilled battery acid can bum skin and should be immediately

flushed with lots of water. If battery acid gets into someone'seyes, flush immediately with large amounts of water and see amedical physician at once.

• To avoid battery explosions, keep the cells filled with elec-trolyte, use a flashlight (not an open flame) to check electrolytelevels and avoid creating sparks around the battery by shortingacross a battery terminal. Keep lighted or smoking materials andflames away from batteries.

Take special precautions for handling fuel and refueling thedrill rig or carrier.

• Only use the type and quality of fuel recommended by theengine manufacturer.• Refuel in a well-ventilated area.

•34-

• Do not fill fuel tanks while the engine is running. Turn off allelectrical swilches.

• Do not spill fuel on hot surfaces. Clean any spills before start-ing an engine• Wipe up spilled fuel with cotton rags or cloths; do not use

wool or metallic cloth.• Keep open lights, lighted smoking materials, flames, or

sparking equipment well away from the fueling area• Turn off heaters in carrier cabs when refueling the carrier or

the drill rig.• Do not fill portable fuel containers completely full to allow

expansion of the fuel during temperature changes.• Keep the fuel nozzle in contact with the tank being filled to

prevent static sparks from igniting the fuel.• Do not transport portable fuel containers in the vehicle or

carrier cab with personnel.• During travel store fuel containers and hoses so they are in

contact with a metal surface. This should prevent the buildup ofstatic charge.

22. First AidTrain at least one member of the drill crew, and if only one,

preferably the drilling and safety supervisor, to perform firstaid. First aid must be taught on a person-to-person basis, not byproviding or reading a manual. Manuals should only provide con-tinuing reminders and be used for reference. Courses providedor sponsored by the American Red Cross or a similar organiza-tion best satisfy the requirements of first aid training for drillcrews.

For drilling operations it is particularly important that thoseresponsible for first aid should be able to recognize the symp-toms of and be able to provide first aid for electrical shock, heartattack, stroke;, broken bones, eye injury, snake bite, and cuts orabrasions to Ihe skin. Again, first aid for these situations is besttaught to drill crew members by instructors qualified by anagency such as the American Red Cross.

-35-

Keep first aid kit available and well maintainecfon each drillsite.

23. Drill Rig UtilizationDo not attempt to exceed manufacturers' ratings of speed,

force, torque, pressure, flow, etc. Only use the drill rig and toolsfor the purposes for which they are intended and designed.

24. Drill Rig AlterationsAlterations to a drill rig or drilling tools must only be made

by qualified personnel and only after consultation with themanufacturer.

-36-

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETGENIUW PUBLISHING CORPORATION

1145CA7ALYN STREETSCHENECTADY. NY 12303 1«MU6A

(518) 377-M5S

HYDROCHLORIC ACtD_gevi»ion A

OAfl JuneSECTION I. MATERIAl IDENTIFICATIONMAWIAI NAMlîYDROCHLOWC ACU)lESCRIFTION: This Material is a water solution of hydrogen chloride gas.iTHER DESIGNATIONS: Muriatic Acid, Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid, CE Material D4A3,

GAS* O07 e-47 010, AqtMtou* Hydrochloric AcidMANUFACTURER: Available frca nany lupplieti.

SECTION ii. INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS I HAZARD DATAiydrogen Chloride (HC1)

Current 3SKA PEL sna ACGIH (1983) TLV CeillnR Level.

08TrerBalance,

or

Huaaa, InhalationLClo 1300oom/30 MRabbit. OralLJ>50 900Rat, oralLD50 700 mg/kgKabbit, SkinsO >5B/kg, 24 H-C

SECTION III. PHYSICAL DATA 22wBe'Weight Z KC1 ———————————•-—— 27.9Boiling ?t, 1 era, dag T ———— 208freezing point, aag t Vtpprox) — -OSpecific gravity, 60/60 F ———— l._U2Vap. Dr«»»., 25C, HCl/Toeal, n* Hg

31.5182

1.162

35.2141-901.179'-87/92

37.1123-1011.189•MBt/190

All materials are completely water soluble with MOOX volatile^ and ptl <1.Appearance 6 Odor: clear, colorXefla to It. yellow, fuming* liquid with a punRent, i,,ippg, odor—U5_apn KC1 detected.bv«Mll; 5-10 opts is disagreeable.*Hicher cone, teno to be tuning liquids at TOCHB ttfatgraturg.________

SECTION IV. FiRE AND EXPLOSION DATA Lower | Upper'loiA P»r>< end IVmnoo

SVA N/A N/Amcoie: i«l«ce :h«t »uie*bl« for surrouadltig fl.'». Cue • wacer upray co cool

fire exposed container* co prevent rupture.JNonf lauuble. but acid rain rearr wifh many meralo, *uch «• iron, to produce flao

hydrogen gai. (Flaanable cone, may accumulate loaide metal equipnent.) Neutralize«c1d with liaeetone. slaked line or aoda aeh to aviaiaite foraetlou of potentiallyexplosive hydrogen gaa.

breathing apparatusSECTION V. REACTIVITY DATA

it ceable wn«n prap«*iy vmicalnod end h«n41««. It is • •trenft min«r*l«nrf IB, thus, highly reactive with Baterlala euch as metala, metal oxide*, hydroxide•,aniaes, carbonates and other alkaline aaterials. It is bithly rnrroaive rn manynaterials; it met h«v» proper contaiaaeat for handling and etorege.

t liberflcpu tignificanc levels of HC1 gas by vapor pressure et rooa tevperature whenconcentrated and large avoor.ts ot HC1 when heated,

reaction with nose aec«l* will produA flaavible hydrogen gas.'noempaeiblc with BAe«rial» «uch ee cyanide*, kulfXdvv, »ulfite« and fomaldehyde (nay

release HCN, H S, SOj, b^j€hleret*thyl tthcr, respectively).

GENWM PUBLISHING

NO.,_____"WA

SECTION VI. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Tiv 5 pp* Calling level (as HC1)PV irritaate of she cyao, aticoua me

, .repeated low level exposure nay cause teetb erosion. Skin exposure can cause burns:repeated or prolonged *irpo*>ir* to dilute coin, nay causa d«rmaciti*. Ingeicion cancause severe bums and possible larvngeal spssn. FIKST AID:Eye Contact ; Contact physician! Immadiacelv fluih wich runoing water tor 15 nln.

ty«lids. JL.i rg°Mft! 'luah a£f«cc«d araa trail with water. Reaove gco««ly caneaainated

cIocMoiunder safaty shower. Get oedical halp If larga ticin area contacted or« irrlL*Liun p«i«lic«.

innalatloa! Reaova to freah air. Restore and/or support bre«thin? aa needed. Us* 0,Lierapy for coughing, difficult breathing. Get icdlcal help. X«ep want and at reet .

Ineaaiion; if victim is conscious, givt 2-3 glasses of water, then milk of magnesia crliaevatar. Contact physician! Jo not incSuce voaitingi

SECTION VII. SPILL. LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURESicpui t i*(K* »pi.a.j.3 co 9*i*cv p<*cVQiuw4« tvacuatiuu may DC iwwa«u. ^««-p "r'wiuu. .\tiwvisources of Ignition if H. IK a haxara. Provide ootlnuw ventilation. Those involvedin clean-up of large apillu (Lust use full protective clothing, boots, and self-containedbre«cnli»e apparaLua.

imall spills and residues can be covered with excess of a mixture of soda *eh and sl4k«dlima to neutralize, jnd the slurry picked UP for landfill burial or flushed with muchwater. * •*

Contain large spills. Collect or flush with water to holding area for neutralization.not flush directly to sewatr or surface waters.• Dispose ot acic via licensed contractor or neutralize witn milestone.DoSF

slaked ].U«._flushing to sever depends on allowable nuutral saJ t concentrations

SECTION VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATIONrovide adequate uxheust ventilation to aect TLV requirenentR. Face velocity of hoodsahould exceed 100 Ifb. Use approved respirator or self-contained breathing apparatusfor emergency or non-routine conditions with full facepiece above 50 ppu.

rhose handling hydrochloric acid ihould use protective clothing and equipment to preventbody contact uicti the liquid. Uco rubber nlov«» or B»unclut«. jprou, boot*. .'"->?sleeved shirt, bcoy auxc, see. Jue cheaical eafety joggles and/or face shield for eyeprotection against «?lashIn* of acid.

fm eyewaan station, wa«hin(? facilities, and safety shower BUHL bu readily Available toareas of use and handling.

SECTION IX. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTSstore closed containers out of dlrecc sunlight, in « clcau, cuol, op»n or w c « A r «area, away from ozldleine »RW»t««. »w»y froa alkaline material and source; of haat. Areashould have acid reeletanc floor and approved drainage. Protect containers fro« physicaldamage, vee DonsparkloK tuul» iu •»•«•» «iOuuJ LAOks and pip*e where hy«rocea «i»ht bote with good ventilation. Avoid inhalation of HCi vapors. Odor of HCl Rives adequatewarning for a proapt voluntary withdrawal fiu» e»c«*»ivc cxpo»urc. Do not goe *n «v«eor on akin or clothing. Wueh thoroughly after handling.

Provide emergency neutralization sMt«riala and equipment near storage and use area*.DOT Classification: COBBQSiVE MA1EUAL I.D. No. UN1789 '-abel: COR10S1VE

IMD Class 8DATA IOURCCO) COOI: 1-12,14-16,27.31,3*,37,SB,47-AO______________________

Mtt/C»0SAjrrr

MffXCAl REVIEW: 15 J.mo

GBN1UM PUBLISHJNC,

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETGENIUM FUBU9HINO CORPORATION

1145 CATALYN STREETSCHFNiCTADY. NY 12303*1630 USA

(918) 9774856

NO. 7______

JIITRIC ACID 55-70ZREVISION B

Date Octobtr 1980SECTION I . ^TERIAL IDENTIFICATION

KATERIA1. NAME: NITRIC ACID (5S-70Z)OTHER DESIGNATIONS: Aqua fortia. Hydrogen Nitrate, KTOj, GZ Material D4A4,

CAS 1007 697 372DESCRIPTION: A solution of HMO* in vater with prnp-.rrlf>« dapendent on concentration.

__ (Sa« Sections II and III)MAKDFArriTRER: Available from aany suppliers.

SECTION I I . I N G R E D I E N T S AND HAZARDS

Hydrogen nitrate (HHOj)

Water

*68Z nitric acid (42"Ba) ii the con* cant boiling,concentrated nitric acid of comer ea; 56.51nitric acid (38*Be> is conaercislly available.

**tfIOSH haa proposed a 10-hr TUA (or this saae Itvtl.TLV waa sac at a level to prevent irritation and thaeroaion of the teeth.

X

55-70*

Balance

H A Z A R D D A T A

8-hr TWA 5 *g/n>* or2 ppnf **

Ilumn , OralLDLO 430 mg/kg

SECTION 111, PHYSICAL DATA

dag K (C) —C n '~mm

•rale, density 9 60 FMelting point, deg F (C) -Vaoor pressure, am Hg ? 25 CVolatile! 9 122 C ——————Water aolubility:<—•————Appaaranc* A CWort

56.51 Acid1.36

*38*Be-4 (-20)

ca 1UUXCooplete

68+Z Acid 1001 Acid (Uaatabla)

ca -30 (-34)

ca 100XCoaplet*

-43.6 (-4ca 45

ca 100ZCoBpleteWater white to •lifthtly yellow liquid with a characceriatic NO? odor

(Darkena to brownish color on aging and exposure to light.)SECTION IV. F I R E AND EXPLOSION DATAFlash Point and Mat hodRoa*L«TCMhi»

Autoinltion Tenp.H/A

Flanublllty Limits In AirN/A

LOWER

———

UPPER

__Nitric acid ia nonf lamable; however ic ia a strong oxiditinj agent and can react witheo«buatible nateritls to cauae firea. (Us* water on firea involving nitric acid todilute the acid and to absorb liberated oxldea of nitrogen.) It can alao react withmetals to liberate flaonable hydrogen gac.

Self-contained breathing apparatus should be uaed by tirefightera in an eucloacd areawith full protective clothing when nitric acid la involved in tha fire.

SECTION V. REACTIVITY DATAThis Material ia atable under normal storage and handling conditions. It is nygroicopK(vhen eonrnntratad). a strong •iacrml acid, and a strong oxidizing agent. Contact vil iorganic matariala auch aa wood, paper, alcohol, turpentine, hydrogen aalflde* ate.,•ar cauae firev. Coafbuatibia aeteriala can have an increased £lemability after con-tact with nitric acid.

Various nitrogen oxldea, including DO, Mto, H . *** "2° ~~ a11 Bl«d **•** nitric acid•l«c Add v»po« - can be predue«4 upon deeonpAni Unn or reaction of nitric add. Allere toxic. (See alao USDS #47, Nitrogen Dioxide.)

GENWM PUBLISHING

SECTION VI, HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV

NO.

2 pra or 5 mg/m-TM» cjatarial is corrosive to mil body tIssue* 1 Inhalation of citric acid mist or fuata

ac Z to 25 ppm, over an 8 hour period, may eauaa pulmonary irritation and sy^coee oflung damage. The oaaac of symptoa* following inhalation may be delayed for •areralhour*. Con«cntrationa ov«r 200 pwt p»n raiM* aavara pulmonary damatt and may be fatal• • - - -r • - - --" -~oduc

gad.(in 5-10 hours) after several minutes of exposure. Eye or ikia contact vlll produceimmediate buna, with a yellow akin discoloration; ayaa may be permanently daaaiad.Iâcscion will produce burne or ehe 4ieeatlva tract.

(Remove contaminated clothing(Sit medical attention.Contact t Vaih immediately vlth aoap and water.promptiy« under a aaTeTyBTIWfcr for groaa contact.)

Eya Contact: Immediately vaah with vatar fox at l*aat 15 min. Get medical attention.R«*ov« victim to freoh air. Aemiaiseer oxygen, if n**dad. by authorisedGat medical attention. Obeerve 4 to 30 houra after ezpoaure for

Hospitallzatlon may ba required.Do not induce vomiting. Get

personnel.pulmonary edema.

lageation; Give 3 or more glaaaaa of milk or water.medical attention.

SECTION VII, SPILL, LEAK, AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURESNotify safety personnel. Provide adequate ventilation. Eliminate sources of ignlticn.

-contained breaching »yyaiacuo »iiould be uacd by pcroonncl uhon clwming up vpillc.Muoprene gloves and body thieida should be used to prevent skin and clothing contact,

concomlnacad from apille chould b» oovar«a with cn^Huw hi car Donate or 6 oca aahto neutralize the acid. Vaah the neutralized alurry down the drain vlth cxcesa water.

DlCPOSALt T«d«tfai. Se«t* «nH T^ral rf>giilaeionB muat aiwavB be considered prior to sewerdiaposal. If necessary, neutralized spill nay be picked up by use of absorbents anadisposed of as solid vasce in a landfill. Use clean saad or v'eraiculite ** absorbent

Oust handIn th* aoilforaa from a spill, evacuate "are*. Specially trained workers

SECTION VIII, SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATIONUaa with piufiei v»nti-Lation; exhAiuit hoodc chould aalatain a fact v»1ority of 100ntalmum. Caaaoua oxides ara heavier than air, hoods and dovndraft exhaust aysterna to bused vbare general ventilation Is inadequate. Where fumes are up to 230 ng/m-*, a TypeC supplied air respirator in preaaure daaand oooa with full facepl«c« is recoacaaadod.Exhausc ducts should ba flberglats or other acid reaiatant oaterial.

Neoprene gloves and body shield* uhould be used where aplaohing «uiy occur.Chemical safety showers and eyewash stations must be readily available in areas ofctorag* and handling nf r>-ffr1.- acid.

Preplacenent and annual oedical exaainationi with emphasia on respiratory tract, skinirrirat-ions, dental erosion, and lung function tests, should be provided workersfrequently exposed to nitric acid.

Workers muat receive training before handling nitric acid in the workplace. Experiencedworkers need refresher training

SECTION IX, SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTSStore in a clean, cool, veil-ventilated area, away from organic chemicals, strong bases,m*c*l powdara, carbides, sul£ld«n, nnri any readily oxidl«able material. Protect fromdirect aunlight. Protect against physical damage. (KFPA M3A, Code for Oxidlzer Store

Nitric acid is a corrosive material and will attack skin, metals and many organic sub-stances. The nitrogen oxidea produced trom toe acid ara all toxic, «uii proper vcatilation should always ba uaed.

Neutralising & aba«rbiag natarlala auch •« «oda aah and sand should be readily avallablto areas of tine and storage.of nitric acid. Electrical fixtures to be vapor-proot.Violations are considered serious when concentration* are above 5 pp».

DOT labeling - OX1DIZER «od COAROCIVt.DATA SOraCE(S) COPEJ2-12.IS.19.35-27.31.34.37-39 APPROVALS:

Industrial Hygien*and SafetyMEDICAL REV1? 11/18/80

GENIUM PUBLISHING

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