Health in Finland

Seminar on Primary Health Care in Finland 3 March 2016, Helsinki, THL

Seppo Koskinen, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Unit

Health Monitoring Unit + working group: Anu Castaneda, Päivikki Koponen, Shadia Rask, Natalia Skogberg et al.

CONTENTS

• Population

• Health: mortality, diseases, functioning

– in the whole Finnish population

– among immigrants

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The population is ageing Age structure in 2011 and 2050

Source: Statistics Finland

2011 2050

18 % 27 %

5 % 11 %

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Increasing immigration to Finland

• Migration to Finland has steadily accelerated since the 1990s

• Migrants 0.5% of total population in 1990 5.5% by 2013

• Projections made in 2013: migrants will constitute 10% of the total population by 2020

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MORTALITY

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Mortality is declining Survival among 100 000 newborns by age and sex according to life tables for 2011, 1971-75 and 1901-10

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

0 50 100

Aliv

e

AGE

WOMEN

1901-10

1971-75

2011

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

0 50 100

Aliv

e

AGE

MEN

1901-10

1971-75

2011

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Sources: Kannisto and Nieminen 1996, Statistics Finland

Health in Finland

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Life expectancy at the ages 0, 65 and 80 years in Finland in 1881-2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1870 1920 1970 2020

years

Year

MEN

0-vuotiaat

65-vuotiaat

80-vuotiaat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1870 1920 1970 2020

years

Year

WOMEN

0-vuotiaat

65-vuotiaat

80-vuotiaat

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SELF-RATED HEALTH

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Self-rated health good or rather good (%) in 2000 and 2011

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FUNCTIONING

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Completely fit for work according to self-assessment (%), Finland 2000 and 2011

Source: Gould R, Koskinen S, Sainio P et al. Work ability. In: Koskinen S, Lundqvist A, Ristiluoma N, ed. Health,

functional capacity and welfare in Finland in 2011. THL, Report 68/2012, Helsinki 2012, p. 141–144 (in Finnish).

www.Health2011.info

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HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY

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Life expectancy at age 65 divided into healthy and unhealthy years in 2000 and 2011

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Self-rated health

average or better

Health in Finland

DESPITE THE POSITIVE TIME TRENDS,

MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS CONTINUE

TO BE VERY COMMON

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4.3.2016

Prevalence (%) of selected health problems by age group

0 10 20 30 40 50

Diabetes

Mental disorder

Dementia

Ischaemic heart disease

Hypertension

Allergy

Asthma

Chronic bronchitis

Low back disorder

Osteoarthrosis of knee

No own teeth (edentulousness)

Injury due to accident or violence

Daily need of help due to disability

Age group 0-17 years Age group 18-64 years Age group 65+

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The most expensive disease groups

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DIRECT COSTS (TREATMENT ETC.)

Circulatory diseases 17 %

Mental disorders 13 %

Respiratory disorders 11 %

Musculoskeletal disorders 11 %

COSTS DUE TO WORK DISABILITY

Mental disorders 26 %

Musculoskeletal disorders 21 %

Injuries 16 %

Circulatory diseases 12 %

Health in Finland

4.3.2016

The main disease groups causing deaths at ages 15–64 years and reduction in quality of life

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DEATHS IN AGE GROUP 15–64 YEARS

Cancers 29 %

Circulatory diseases 23 %

Alcohol-related causes 15 %

REDUCTION IN QUALITY OF LIFE

Musculoskeletal disorders 33 %

Mental disorders 30 %

Sources: Statistics Finland and Saarni et al. 2006

Health in Finland

HEALTH IN THE POPULATION OF FOREIGN ORIGIN

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Self-rated health good or rather good (%) age group 20–64 years

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Finnish general population

Middle East an North Africa

Estonia

Russia and Soviet Union

Southern and central Africa

Asia

EU, EFTA, North Anerica

Latin America, East Europe at al.

Foreign origin population, total

Health in Finland

Prevalence of severe depression and anxiety symptoms, past 7 days

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Source: Castaneda et a. 2012

Health in Finland

CONCLUSIONS

• Health and functioning in the Finnish population have improved

– Due to improvements in health behaviour, treatment of health problems, living

and working conditions and level of education

• Many health problems remain very common, e.g. mental disorders,

musculoskeletal disorders and circulatory diseases

• Challenges include increasing obesity, alcohol and drug related harm, economic

recession, wide socioeconomic inequalities and ageing of the population

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DATA SOURCES

1) Vital statistics, causes of death, census data (Statistics Finland)

2) Disease registers – e.g. infectious diseases and cancer (THL)

3) Services and benefits related with health

- drug purchases, entitlements to specially reimbursed medication,

sickness benefits etc. (Social Insurance Institution SII)

- hospital care (THL)

- work disability pensions etc. (Finnish Centre for Pensions ETK)

4) Other registers (e.g. unemployment etc., Ministry of Employment and Economy)

5) Interview surveys and questionnaire surveys www.thl.fi/ath,

http://tilastokeskus.fi/keruu/uth/index_en.html ...

6) Health examination surveys www.health2011.info, www.thl.fi/maamu ...

Health in Finland

4.3.2016

Thank you!

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