Health, Safety & Environment Manual Manual Rev.2 - Website Copy.pdf · 2013-01-22 · O:\Company...

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Health, Safety & Environment Manual

Revision 2

Issued January 18, 2012

19469-92nd

Avenue Surrey, BC V4N 4G6 Phone: 604-882-8699

Fax: 604-882-8799

O:\Company Manuals\Private\HSE Manual Rev.2.docx Page 2 of 50

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Table of Contents PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................................................................................. 3

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY STATEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 3

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) PROGRAM ........................................................................................................ 3

FIRST AID PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................................... 4

LOST TIME ACCIDENTS .................................................................................................................................................... 4

MODIFIED DUTY PROGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. 5

LOCK OUT PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................................................. 5

ALCOHOL AND DRUG POLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 6

TRAFFIC POLICY ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

SHOP VISITORS .............................................................................................................................................................. 6

WORKPLACE VIOLENCE ................................................................................................................................................... 6

DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT POLICY ........................................................................................................................ 6

REFUSAL OF UNSAFE WORK ............................................................................................................................................. 7

SHOP SAFETY PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................................................. 7

INSTALLATION SAFETY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................... 9

FALL PROTECTION PROCEDURES ...................................................................................................................................... 10

MEETINGS AND INSPECTIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 19

REPORTING OF HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................... 20

GAS STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION POLICY .................................................................................................................... 20

EMERGENCY EVACUATION ............................................................................................................................................. 20

WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM - WHMIS ................................................................................. 21

FIRE PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................................................... 21

RIGGING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22

EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................................................................ 38

MATERIAL HANDLING ................................................................................................................................................... 43

CONFINED SPACE GUIDELINES ........................................................................................................................................ 44


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Philosophy PK Metal Works Ltd. is committed to promoting a safe and healthy workplace and environment

for our employees and establishing and maintaining safe working practices through proper procedures and direction.

We are all responsible for personal safety.

Should any worker experience an injury or illness, every effort will be made to accommodate that worker to ensure his attendance at work through this company’s modified work program.

Environmental Policy Statement At PK Metal Works Ltd we are dedicated to protect the environment, prevent pollution and

work within the guidelines as set be Environment Canada, local legislation and City by-laws. We work closely with our clients to ensure that their concerns and environmental policies are addressed and adopted by our employees.

We achieve this by assessing the environmental aspects of the project before the work commences and addressing the issues before an avoidable incident occurs.

o We equip our employees with appropriate supplies and training to respond immediately to any event that is within our power to safely address.

o We provide regular maintenance and equipment checks. o We repair or replace defective tools or machinery. o We encourage our employees to be conscious of their surroundings and the effect that

their work can have on the environment. o We empower our employees with the right to refuse work if they feel that the task at

hand is unsafe or could result in ecological damage contrary to applicable laws. o We have an Environmental Assessment form (S:\Forms\Environmental Assessment

Form.docx) that is to be completed before the project is commenced and/or if the scope of work changes.

o Our employees are made aware if the company’s views and efforts to achieve zero injuries or incidents.

o We document and address any issues immediately and take corrective measures to prevent future incidents.

We realize that our industry has some impact on the environment but are committed to minimizing this and as thus reducing the environmental footprint we leave for future generations. We are happy to work with our clients and offer solutions to achieve their visions for their business and for their commitment to our environment.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Program

Our goal is to provide and maintain a safe work place. It shall be the responsibility of all employees to promote safe work practices and conditions and to assist in creating a safe work place by recommending actions, which will improve the effectiveness of our Occupational Health and Safety Program.

Senior Management: o It shall be the responsibility of Senior Management to establish and maintain adequate

standards, policies, procedures, work practices and maintenance of buildings and equipment to provide a safe working environment and for assuring that their Supervisors and Foremen are instructed and trained in safe working practices.

Supervisor/Foremen:


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o It shall be the responsibility of the supervisors and foremen to ensure that employees are instructed and trained in safe work practices to ensure compliance with established PK Metal Works Ltd. policies and procedures, to conduct regular safety inspections, to take appropriate action and conduct regular safety meetings, to report to Senior Management any real or potential safety or health hazards and to conduct accident investigations.

Employees: o It shall be the responsibility of every employee to observe the established PK Metal

Works policies and procedures, to work in a safe and prudent manner and to report any real or potential safety or health hazards to their supervisor.

First Aid Procedures All injuries must be reported to your supervisor and first aid attendant as soon as practicable.

Unreported injuries may result in disciplinary action for those involved. Suspicious injuries and injuries that are not reported promptly will be thoroughly investigated. Where warranted, the company will dispute the acceptance of a WCB claim.

If you are near a serious accident, please follow these steps: o Make sure further injury does not occur. Stop the machine if necessary and safe to do

so. o Call for the first aid attendant and then the supervisor. o Do not try to move the injured worker unless they are in further danger. o Assist the first aid attendant with treatment and transportation of the injured worker.

Otherwise, stand back. o If the injury involves a loss of blood ensure you are adequately protected from potential

infection by using personal protective equipment.

The first aid attendant tends to the injury and then fills out an accident/injury report

The report is put in the slot to come upstairs so that the proper forms can be filled out for WCB if needed and for filing in the employees file

Lost Time Accidents Lost time accidents represent significant losses and costs to both the injured worker and the

company when they occur. It is the goal of the company, and should be the goal of each employee, to be lost time accident free. If a lost time accident does occur the company will assist the employee to expedite treatment and a return to work.

All employees are expected to participate in the modified duty work program when possible. If the nature of the injury prevents an employee from taking part in the modified duty program, the employee is required to maintain weekly contact with their Supervisor regarding their progress until a graduated or return to work plan is arranged and implemented.

If the employee goes home early due to the injury he will still receive a full days wages

If the injured employee misses work due to the injury, other than the day of the injury, he must get a Doctor to fill out the Occupational Fitness Assessment form detailing what the employee is able to do while injured and when they can return to work and bring the filled out form into the office

The filled out form is put in the employee’s file


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The injured must participate in the light duty program that is available when they are able to return to work, according to the Occupational Assessment form

Modified Duty Program In accordance with the WCB, a policy has been put in place for steps to take when an injury

occurs at work. In order to keep an injured employee working, he/she will be offered modified duties. Modified/alternative duties are available when an injury occurs that affects the employee’s ability to carry out their regular duties or in cases where the employee’s regular duties will further aggravate the injury. The purpose of modified/alternative duties is to accommodate workers with work-related injuries. The benefits to the employee are that no wage losses occur as the employee can stay at work during the healing process.

Modified/alternative duties are not designed to aggravate an injury, but instead allow an injury to heal, while the worker is at work rather than at home. WCB will be notified by PK Metal Works Ltd. of the modified/alternative duties available, and each injury will be investigated.

The Occupational Fitness Assessment Form (S:\Employees\Modified duty part 1 - letters.doc and S:\Employees\Modified duty part 2 - fitness form.doc) must be taken by the employee to their family doctor, and have their doctor fill it out and return it to his/her supervisor. The Occupational Fitness Assessment Form allows the doctor to outline the employee’s capabilities and limitations; thereby allowing PK Metal Works Ltd. to provide appropriate modified duties. WCB will be notified in the event that the doctor does not complete this form, and it may affect benefits paid to the employee.

Lock Out Procedures Lockout is the use of a lock or locks to render machinery or equipment inoperable or to isolate

an energy source in accordance with a written procedure. Lock out isolates potential energy sources and prevents machinery or equipment from being started up or moved accidentally when maintenance work is being done. (Remember maintenance work is also clearing any obstruction to the flow of materials)

New employees will be supplied with a copy of the General Lock Out Policy to read and will review this policy with their Supervisor to ensure it is understood.

No employee shall conduct or assist in any “maintenance” work on any machinery or equipment UNLESS the employee has been adequately trained and authorized by his Supervisor. Under no circumstances shall any employee proceed with any maintenance work unless he has a clear understanding of how to safely proceed with that work. All employees must follow the established written general lock-out procedure, as well as specific lock out procedures during all maintenance work. Lock out is required when the health or safety of a worker could be endangered if hazardous energy is released.

Five Basic Steps To Lock Out: 1. Identify the machinery or equipment that needs to be locked out. 2. Shut off the machinery or equipment. Make sure that all moving parts have come to a

complete stop. Also ensure that the act off shutting off equipment does not cause a hazard to fellow workers.

3. Identify and de-activate the main energy-isolating device (such as a switch or valve) for each energy source. When de-activating an electrical disconnect use your left hand and turn your face away from the box.

4. Apply a personal lock to the energy-isolating device for each energy source and maintain control of the key. Do not allow anyone else to remove your lock or have possession of your


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key. Ensure that all parts and attachments are secured against inadvertent movement. Maintain control of your keys at all times. Do not work under another person’s lock at any time. (If you find an energy isolating device in the off or stationary position do not re-energize that equipment without first confirming why it is locked out, who locked it out and ensuring it is safe to energize that equipment)

5. Test the lock out to make sure that each energy source has been effectively locked out. First ensure that all workers are in the clear and that no hazard will be created if the lock out is not effective when tested. The first person applying a lock or the qualified operator of a work area must test the equipment being locked out.

Alcohol and Drug Policy Any employee coming to work under the influence, or suspected of being under the influence of

alcohol or drugs will face disciplinary action. A second incident involving alcohol or drugs will result in a suspension or termination of employment. As well, alcohol or drugs are not to be consumed anywhere on company property, during breaks off site or in the parking lot after work.

This policy stands to ensure your personal safety and the safety of your fellow workers who depend on you and may be affected by your actions.

Traffic Policy All traffic (pedestrian and vehicular) must yield to forklift and trucks. Stop and ensure eye

contact with the operators before proceeding. Equipment operators must operate their equipment safely and at a reasonable speed, taking into consideration weather and related conditions. Equipment operators must slow down and exercise caution when rounding blind corners and be aware of traffic (pedestrian and vehicular).

Please operate equipment safely and responsibly in consideration of your fellow employees and visitors.

Shop Visitors Any visitors or off-shift employees wishing to enter the company site must report to office first

and adhere to all safety policies while on the site. Employees in shop should assist visitors in finding the office.

Workplace Violence

PK Metal Works Ltd. desires to provide a healthy, safe work environment. We recognize that workplace violence is a health and safety issue and we are committed to providing a violence-free environment. In support of this, it is essential that everyone work in collaboration to recognize, manage and prevent acts of workplace violence.

It is your responsibility to inform your supervisor of any restraining orders that prohibit entry to the workplace. Violence is any act of aggression, verbal assault, physical assault or threat in the workplace or parking lot. Acts of workplace violence will not be tolerated and employees engaging in these actions will face disciplinary action up to and including termination.

Discrimination and Harassment Policy PK Metal Works Ltd. in exercising its responsibility as the employer will endeavor at all times to

provide a work environment, which is supportive of productivity and includes the personal goals, dignity and self-esteem of every employee.


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Individuals have the right to be treated with respect in the workplace. PK Metal Works Ltd. is committed to providing a work environment that is free of discrimination and harassment, including sexual harassment, and will make every reasonable effort to ensure that no employee is subject to discrimination or harassment.

As such, PK Metal Works Ltd. will not condone harassment of, or by, any of its employees in the workplace or at any work-related and/or staff social function, work related travel, conferences or training sessions; whether by oral or written or electronic communication. Such behavior is considered a serious breach of workplace rules and any employee who knows or reasonably ought to have known that their actions or omissions constituted discriminatory behavior will be subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination.

Refusal of Unsafe Work All employees have the right to refuse work if they feel that it is unsafe

If an employee refuses to carry out the work they have been assigned on the grounds of safety

concerns then the following steps must be taken:

1. The employee must immediately report the circumstances of the unsafe working

condition or issue to his or her supervisor.

2. The supervisor receiving the report must investigate the matter and do one of the

following:

Ensure that the any unsafe conditions discovered during the investigation has

been remedied; or

If upon investigating the supervisor determines that the report is not valid, the

employee making the report must be notified

3. If the employee continues to refuse to carry out the work previously reported the

supervisor must investigate further in the presence of the employee who made the

report and one of the following:

An employee representative of the joint health and safety committee;

An employee who is selected by a trade union representing the employee who

made the report; or

If there is no joint committee or the employee is not represented by a trade

union, any other reasonably available employee selected by the employee who

made the report

4. If after the second investigation the employee still continues to refuse to carry out the

work reported then both the employee and the supervisor must immediately notify a

WorkSafeBC officer, who will then investigate the matter independently and take

whatever actions deemed necessary.

Employees will not be disciplined for acting in compliance with the Refusal of Unsafe Work

procedure. It is not considered disciplinary action to temporarily assign the employee to

alternative work at no loss in pay until the matter is resolved.

Shop Safety Procedures Safety Rules


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o CSA approved safety footwear in good condition shall be worn by all employees. Some work stations may require safety footwear with ankle supports.

o The use of compressed air to clean clothes is prohibited. Directing compressed air at another person is prohibited. Compressed air directed at the body may enter through the skin and cause serious injury.

o Clothes should fit closely about the body. Pants must be worn at all times. Jewelry or dangling neckwear, which could be caught in machinery and cause an accident, shall not be worn. Cranial and facial hair must be worn in such a fashion as to prevent inadvertent contact with moving equipment.

o Inspect all tools before using them. All tools must be in good repair. Use a tool for its intended purpose only. Keep surfaces and handles of tools clean. All tools represent a tripping hazard if left lying around, be sure to keep them in proper storage when not in use.

o Grease or oil spills must be cleaned up immediately. o Mobile equipment shall be kept clean and free of oil, grease, mud or any other materials

that could cause slipping or hazards to others. o Floors, platforms, stairs and walkways shall be kept in good repair and shall be kept free

of tripping and slipping hazards. Waste materials should not be allowed to accumulate. o The area in front of all electrical panels should be kept clean and free form all tools

chord steel etc. These areas are clearly marked by a yellow line. o At PK Metal Works all machinery operators are to ensure all equipment is in good

running order and perform minor repairs as required. Also please observe the sharpness of tool bits as we have a sharpening service for annular cutters, circular saw blades, twist drill bits, reamers. If you allow these items to get to dull they will brake and may cause injury. Such repairs may be but are not limited to tightening bolts, cleaning threads, greasing changing blades, replacing. All broken equipment should be tagged with a brown manila tag and placed on the small bench or beside in the north east corner of the shop. You should indicate the date, your name, and a general description with the problem of the equipment. We will replace such or repair any equipment as fast as possible. Please note keeping our equipment maintained and working to ensure maximum efficiency is the responsibility of everyone.

o Overhead cranes are checked annually by an independent contractor and daily by PK Metal Works personnel, however it is incumbent on every employee to identify any safety concern with these and any other piece of equipment.

o Good physical health enables you to earn a living. Preserve this asset by working safely. You can ensure your own safety and the safety of others by paying constant attention to safe work practices and your work environment.

First Aid Attendants o The designated first aid attendants are responsible for all first aid treatment and reports

(treatment record book and 7A forms). They have the authority to make decisions about the treatment, well-being and transportation of an injured employee. All employees are expected to cooperate with and assist an attendant when they are treating an injured worker. First Aid Attendants will not distribute any prescription or non-prescription drugs to any employee.

Hearing Conservation Program o The work environment you are entering contains machinery, equipment and work

processes, which create noise levels that may be harmful to your hearing. After


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completing your probation period, you will be scheduled for a hearing test to get a profile of your current hearing ability. You will then be required to undergo a hearing test annually to identify any changes. You will be advised of any significant changes that would require additional precautions to be taken. We are expected make every effort to protect you from hearing loss. Use the hearing protective devices provided. AVOID UNPROTECTED EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISE

Personal Protective Equipment o The personal protective equipment required to be worn by you in the safe performance

of your duties is detailed in your Safe Work Practice. The company will provide the following items to you at no cost

Protective headgear (hard hat) Hearing protection Face shields Safety glasses and goggles Suitable gloves for the work being performed Respiratory protective equipment (as required) Leg protective devices (aprons) High visibility vests Fall arresting & Fall restraint equipment (as required) Safety lock

Mobile Equipment o Only fully trained and authorized employees will operate the mobile equipment on site.

No unauthorized worker shall be allowed on any part of powered mobile equipment while the equipment is in motion. The operator of any mobile equipment shall be directly responsible for the safe operation of that equipment.

Pedestrians o Must keep clear of mobile equipment at all times; ensure the operator does see you

before passing behind or in front of mobile equipment. o Full eye contact and acknowledgement or signal from the mobile equipment operators

is your only assurance that they are aware of your presence.

Designated Smoking Areas o Our company’s insurance policy allows no smoking outside designated smoking areas.

Personal Electronic Equipment o Radios, personal listening devices, personal cell phones and other electronic devices are

prohibited in work areas. These devices may prevent you from hearing an approaching forklift, machine malfunction or other workplace hazard and put you or your fellow workers at risk of injury.

Installation Safety Procedures PK Metal Works Ltd. Is dedicated to working with clients to ensure that their safety procedures

and requirements are maintained throughout the entire installation process.

An Environmental Assessment form (S:\Forms\Environmental Assessment Form.docx) must be completed before commencement of work. Please see Environmental Policy Statement section for more details.

Prior to commencement of work it must be determined whether not the confined space procedures need to be followed. Please see the Confined Space Guidelines section for more details.


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A fire risk assessment, using the Hot Work Permit form ("S:\Forms\HOT WORK PERMIT.docx"), must be conducted prior to commencement of work and whenever any welding or cutting is required throughout the duration of the project.

When welding or cutting work is to be performed in a high fire risk area a second man watch is mandatory.

The use of welding blankets and welding screens are required when welding or cutting.

A fire extinguisher must be kept close at hand during all welding or cutting work.

Proper use of fall protection equipment is mandatory when required. Please see the Fall Protection Procedures for more details.

Rigging procedures are to be strictly followed when lifting or moving materials. Please see the Rigging section for more details.

Mobile equipment logs must be filled out at the beginning or every shift prior to commencement of work.

Personal protective equipment is to be worn by all employees while on the job site.

All tools must be in good repair, free of defects and inspected regularly for wear and/or damage.

Any defective or damaged tools must be taken out of commission immediately and tagged for repair or replacement.

Any damaged slings or chains are to be replaced immediately.

Appropriate safety barriers, delineators and hazard signs are to be used to clearly define the work zone.

Only essential personnel are permitted in the work zone.

Beware of overhead hazards, pinch points and stay out of the bight

Maintain limits of approach on all overhead hazards and utilities

Tailboard meetings shall be held on site every morning. Minutes will be taken as per client or board requirements.

Fall Protection Procedures General

o A fall protection system is required when working from heights over 10’ or when a fall from a lesser height involves an unusual risk of injury (Moving machinery). New employees will receive a copy of the General Fall Protection Policy to read and review with their Supervisor to ensure it is clearly understood.

o In addition following the General fall Protection Policy, PK Metal Works requires all workers to follow established specific fall protection procedures and follow the current WCB Regulation as a minimum standard safe work practice. Your first line of protection should be guard systems (plywood/railing). These may be temporary or permanent systems. Appropriate platforms, scaffolds or staging can also be used. Where it is not practical to provide this type of protection, an appropriate fall protection system must be implemented.

o If a fall protection plan/system has not been identified for a particular work area/site, one must be identified prior to the commencement of work activities. Before a worker is allowed into an area where a fall hazard exists, the employer (supervisor/contractor) must ensure all workers involved are trained and instructed in the fall protection system for the area and that safe working procedures are followed.

Definitions o Anchor - a secure point of attachment for lifelines or lanyards that is capable of

withstanding the loads:


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fall restraint - 800 lbs fall arrest - 5000 lbs

o Control zone - the area between an unguarded edge and a defined line which is set back a safe distance. (Minimum 2 m or 6 1/2 ft)

o Exceptional Hazard - an additional hazard over and above the normal hazard of falling to the surface below, for example, falling onto a moving conveyor or onto protruding reinforcing steel.

o Fall distance - the distance from the point where the worker would fall to the point where the fall would be arrested. (maximum of 4 ft without a shock absorber, 6 1/2 ft with a shock absorber)

o Fall arrest - stopping a fall which has occurred before the worker hits the surface below. o Fall Restraint - the use of a work positioning system to prevent workers from falling

from the position in which they are working or a travel restriction system to prevent workers from travelling to an edge from which they may fall.

o Free Fall - The distance from the point where the worker would begin to fall to the point where the fall arrest system begins to cause deceleration of the fall.

o Full body Harness - a configuration of connected straps to distribute a fall arresting force over at least the thigh, shoulders and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline or other components.

o Horizontal Lifeline - a rail, wire rope or synthetic cable that is installed in a horizontal plane between two anchors and used for attachment of a worker's lanyard or lifeline while permitting the worker to move horizontally.

Fall restraint - ultimate load capacity of at least 800 lbs per worker Fall arrest - certified by a professional engineer

o Lanyard - a flexible line of webbing, rope, or cable used to secure a safety belt or full body harness to a lifeline or anchor.

o Lifeline - a line from a fixed anchor or between two horizontal anchors and used for attachment of a worker's lanyard, safety belt, full body harness or other device.

o Personal Fall Protection System - a fall protection system which uses a safety belt or full body harness to secure each worker to an individual anchor by means of lanyards, vertical lifelines, or other connecting equipment.

o Safety Belt - a body support component comprised of a strap with a means for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to other components. Used only for fall restraint systems.

o Shock Absorber - a component whose primary function is to dissipate energy and limit deceleration forces which are imposed on the body during fall arrest. With a shock absorber in place a free fall of 6 1/2 feet is permitted in a fall arrest system.

o Swing Fall Hazard - the hazard of swinging and colliding with an obstruction or the ground following a fall by a worker connected to a lifeline at an angle to the anchor location.

o Work Procedures - the prevention of fall injuries by the control zone or safety monitor systems under this system or other systems established by an employer to minimize the risks from not using a fall protection system.

Responsibilities o Employer Responsibilities

Ensure a written Fall Protection Program is in place. Ensure supervisors and workers are trained.


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Ensure that a fall Protection System is being used. Ensure that guardrails are used when practicable. Ensure a Fall Restraint system is in place when applicable. If a Fall Restraint cannot be used, ensure a Fall Arrest system is in place. Provide appropriate Control Zone procedures if the above are not appropriate. Ensure all equipment is safe, maintained, inspected and used correctly. Investigate any hazards or potential hazards. Review the program annually.

o Supervisor Responsibilities Review the Fall Protection Program. Investigate any hazards or potential hazards and make recommendations. Advise workers on any existing or potential hazards and ensure workers are

following the program. Keep records of all workers trained for the fall protection program. Ensure all workers affected, read and have a copy of the fall protection

program. Ensure that all workers are provided with the appropriate equipment. Ensure all workers inspect, maintain, and use the equipment in the

recommended methods. Enforce all Fall Protection Procedures.

o Worker Responsibilities Review the Fall Protection Program. Follow all Fall Protection Program procedures. Inspect and maintain all Fall Protection equipment. Report any hazards or potential hazards to supervisors. Ensure the equipment is used as the manufacturer recommends.

Applicable Legislation o Under the construction regulations (See WCB BC) and the Industrial regulations (See

WCB BC), components of a fall protection system must meet applicable National Standards of Canada standards. Most of the CSA standards require that components be labeled or marked to indicate their standard of compliance.

o Always use equipment that meets these requirements. Look for the following CSA standard numbers attached to or etched on components:

shock absorbers - CAN/CSA Z259.11 self-retracting devices - CAN/CSA Z259.2.2 descent control devices - CAN/CSA Z259.2.3 fall arresters (rope grabs) - CAN/CSA Z259.2.1 vertical lifelines when sold in bulk on a reel or container – CSA Z259.2.1

on the container or reel o Standards for the following devices don’t require marking, but most reputable

manufacturers mark them anyway: harnesses - CSA Z259.10 safety belts - CSA Z259.1 lanyards - CSA Z259.1

o If any of these devices are not marked, ask the manufacturer for evidence that it meets the requirements of the applicable CSA standard.


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o WARNING: Do not use any fall protection components labeled, etched, or otherwise marked with a CSA standard number different from those noted above. Such components do not meet the requirements of current regulations.

Ladders o Hazards

Ladder accidents usually are caused by improper selection, care or use, not by manufacturing defects. Some of the more common hazards involving ladders, such as instability, electrical shock, and falls, can be predicted and prevented.

Prevention requires proper planning, correct ladder selection, good work procedures and adequate ladder maintenance.

o Procedures: When any ladder must be set up next to an unprotected edge where a fall of 3

meters (10 feet) or more could occur, workers using the ladder must be protected by a fall-arrest system.

User’s must always keep three point contact Do not hand-carry loads on a ladder. Do not try reaching so far that you lose your balance; move the ladder. Non-skid feet or spurs may prevent a ladder from slipping on a hard, smooth

surface. Do not stand on the ladder's top three rungs. A damaged side rail may cause one side of a ladder to give way. The base should be spaced 1 foot away for every 4 feet it reaches up. Ladders used to reach a walking surface or roof must extend at least 3 feet

beyond. Extension ladders need both locks holding to prevent overloading a rail. Step ladders should be securely spread open. Never use a folding step ladder in

an unfolded position. Electrical shock can occur with metal or wet wooden ladders. Not only is the

shock itself dangerous, but it can cause falls resulting in injury. o Selection

Portable ladders are designed as "one-man" equipment with the proper strength to support the worker as well as his tools and materials. Ladders are constructed under three general classes:

Type I Industrial - Heavy-duty with a load capacity not more than 250 pounds. Type II Commercial - Medium-duty with a load capacity not more than 225 pounds (suited for painting and similar tasks). Type III Household - Light-duty with a load capacity of 200 pounds.

o Maintenance Wood ladders should be protected with a clear sealer varnish, shellac, linseed

oil or wood preservative. Wood ladders should not be painted, because the paint could hide defects. Check carefully for cracks, rot, splinters, broken rungs, loose joints and bolts and hardware in poor condition.

Aluminum or steel ladders should be inspected for rough burrs and sharp edges before use. Inspect closely for loose joints and bolts, faulty welds and cracks. Make sure the hooks and locks on extension ladders are in good condition. Replace worn or frayed ropes on extension ladders at once.


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Fiberglass ladders should have a surface coat of lacquer maintained. If it is scratched beyond normal wear, it should be lightly sanded before applying a coat of lacquer.

o Helpful Hints When working on cylindrical objects like poles and columns, the top rung of

portable ladders can be replaced with chain or rope to reduce rocking. Aluminum ladders are very corrosion-resistant, but exposing them to fertilizer

can cause damage. Use the ladder inspection checklist (page 9) to remind yourself of what you

should look out for in order to prevent accidents

Power Elevated Mobile Work Platforms o It shall be the responsibility of all users to read and comply with the following common

sense rules which are designed to promote safety in the operation of power elevated mobile work platforms. These rules do not purport to be all-inclusive nor to supplant or replace other additional safety and precautionary measures to cover usual or unusual conditions. If these rules conflict in any way with any provincial statute or regulation said statute or regulation shall supersede these rules and it shall be the responsibility of each user to comply therewith.

o General Rules and Procedures: 1. WORK AREA SURVEY: Before operating the machine, the operator must make a

work survey of hazards such as uncompacted soil, ditches, debris, overhead electric lines, unguarded openings or hazardous conditions created by other trades. The machine should not be operated on surfaces other than those intended by and set out in the manufacturer’s instructions.

2. INSPECTION: the operator must inspect all equipment prior to each shift. Such inspections should include the daily maintenance checks in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and a visual inspection or the machine for damage. Any devices, which do not appear to operate properly, or Equipment that has obvious defects must be repaired before being operated.

3. NEVER USE EOUIPMENT FOR PURPOSES OR IN WAYS FOR WHICH IT WAS NOT INTENDED

4. REPORT ANY UNSAFE CONDITION 5. NEVER TAKE CHANCES: Do not work on platforms if your physical condition is

such that you feel dizzy or unsteady in any way. Workers must ascend to and descend from the platform using the facilities provided.

6. TRAINING. Workers must be properly instructed on applicable model before they operate the equipment. Such instruction should include a review of manufacturers operating instructions. Location of all emergency devices, safety decals, daily maintenance checks, machine limitations and pertinent regulations regarding use of the equipment Workers must be able to exercise common sense and be competent to operate this equipment. A worker must not operate a powered elevating movable work platform when illness medication, drugs or alcoholic beverages impair his physical abilities.

7. A safety belt with lanyard or body belt and safety straps must be attached to the basket or boom of extendible or boom platforms.


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8. Elevating work platforms, normally, are not intended for use near electrically energized circuits. User should Therefore; consider the work platform to be non-insulated unless otherwise labeled.

9. The operation of any work platform is subject to certain hazards that cannot be protected against by mechanical means but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense. Therefore, it is essential to have competent careful operators that are physically and mentally fit and thoroughly trained in the safe operation of this type of equipment. If you do not fit this description do not operate equipment.

10. Read manufacturer's operating instructions. Never exceed manufacturer's recommended load. All accessories must be installed and used in accordance with manufacturers recommended procedures

11. Perform manufacturer's daily maintenance checks and make visual inspection of vehicle and surrounding area to be sure both are clear of other personnel and obstructions (including overhead obstructions)

12. Guardrails: Do not use machine without guardrails. Do not stand on guardrails to gain extra reach Do not use guardrails to carry materials unless designed for this purpose ant do not allow excessive overhang of materials when elevating the platform

13. Do not lean out over platform railings to perform work. 14. Do not use ladders or makeshift devices on the platform to obtain greater

height 15. All personnel must remain clear while equipment is in use. Do not climb up or

down extendible, articulating or scissor arms 16. Outriggers or stabilizers must be used in accordance with manufacturer’s

recommendation. 17. Care must taken to prevent ropes, electric cords, hoses, etc. From becoming

entangled in equipment when platform is being elevated or equipment moved. 18. Do not alter equipment or override safety devices in any way 19. A powered elevating work platform must not be operated near electrically

energized overhead power lines, unless insulated per C.S.A. 20. It is the responsibility or the operator to ensure that the load of workers,

materials and tools on the platform does not exceed the capacity or the machine. Loads should be secured from rolling or excessive movement.

21. The machine must not be moved until the operator has determined by visual inspection that the direction of intended movement is clear of hazards, obstructions, and o their site personnel.

22. Under no circumstances may a machine be modified without the written approval of the manufacturer. In addition, the machine must not be operated when any of the safety devices are inoperable.

23. When a scissor or boom lift is left unattended by the operator, the unit shall be locked or rendered inoperative, to prevent the device from being started or set in motion by an unauthorized person.


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Fall Arrest o Fall arrest is the most common system. It

stops a fall within a few feet of the worker’s original position. A full body harness is required with a fall-arrest system. A typical system consists of the following parts connected together:

full body harness (CSA- certified) lanyard (with locking snap hooks or

D-clips) rope grab lifeline lifeline anchor

o A fall-arrest system must be worn when you are on a rolling scaffold that is being moved or when you are getting on, working from, or getting off suspended access equipment such as a swingstage or bosun's chair.

o Employees exposed to a free fall distance of 3 m (10ft) or more (without restraint) must wear fall arresting equipment, using a full-body harness system.

o Inspect components of the fall arrest system before each use for wear, damage and other deterioration. Defective components are removed from service when the components' function or strength has been adversely affected.

o Fall arrest equipment must meet the minimum criteria: Hardware used must be drop-forged, pressed or formed steel, with a corrosion-

resistant finish, with surfaces and edges smooth to prevent damage to the attached body harness or lanyard;

Vertical life-lines must have a breaking strength specified by the manufacture as 27 kN (6000lbs); termination knots or splices cannot reduce the strength of lifeline to less than 22 kN (5000lbs)

Horizontal life -lines must be 12 mm diameter wire rope with a manufactures specified breaking strength of at least 89 kN (20000 pounds);

Increase the above forces by 25% if two workers are connected to the same horizontal static line. Lanyards must have a minimum tensile strength of 2449 kg (5400lb)

Body harness components must be CSA-approved Secure full-body harness systems to anchorage points capable of supporting

2272 k (5000lb) Protect safety lines and lanyards against cuts or abrasion. Limit the free fall distance (through rigging) to a maximum of 1.2 m (4 ft)

without a shock absorber or 6 1/2 ft with a shock absorber. Only one employee may be attached to any one vertical lifeline. Connect only one snap hook to any one D-ring. Snap hooks must not be

connected to one another

Self-retracting Lifelines o Self-retracting lifelines (SRLs) are widely used in construction to provide fall protection,

especially where workers must move about to handle or install material. SRLs let the


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user move the full length of the line but stop and lock at any sudden pull. This action is designed for fall arrest -- not for travel restraint. Users of SRLs must know the manufacturers' recommendations for proper operation as well as any safeguards required for specific applications. SRLs have traditionally been anchored above the worker's head with the line running near vertical down to the worker's safety belt or harness. There's general agreement that this is the best application of SRLs.

o In construction, however, different applications have appeared. In addition to the traditional position, two other basic options are

anchor and unit at the ridge of a pitched roof above the worker's location anchor and unit situated on a flat work surface so that the lifeline is drawn out

by the worker in a horizontal plane o Each manufacturer's manual provides information and guidelines for SRLs anchored

above a worker's head. Not all of the manuals, however, cover the use of SRLs in horizontal applications. In these cases the user must confirm that the particular model is approved for horizontal use. The manufacturer will then outline requirements for proper horizontal use.

Inspection Essentials o Fall-arrest systems can only prevent fatal falls if they are used properly. Correct use

includes inspection. Your life depends on it. o Harness

Always check the tag for date of manufacture. Most web-type harnesses have a service life of five years. If the harness doesn't have a tag, don't use it.

Look for cuts, fraying, broken stitching, and other damage to webbing. Check for chemical or heat damage. Inspect metal buckles for distortion, cracks, and sharp or rough edges. All

buckles should slide easily for adjustment. Check for worn, cut, or frayed fibres where buckles attach to harness. Inspect D-ring for distortion, cracks, sharp or rough edges, and chemical or heat

damage. Ensure that the plate holding the D-ring in position is free from cracks, heat

damage, and other defects. The plate must keep the D-ring from sliding out of place.

o Lanyard Most lanyards have a service life of five years. Check tag for date of

manufacture. Inspect lanyard for:

worn, broken, or cut fibres

signs of stretching

evidence of chemical or heat damage

cracked or distorted connecting hardware

Shock Absorber - A shock absorber should carry a tag indicating date of last inspection. If the tag is missing, return the absorber to your supervisor for advice on its suitability. If the absorber is made with tear-away stitching designed to absorb fall-arrest load, make sure stitching is intact.

Snaphook o Check for cracks and corroded or pitted surfaces. o Ensure that bill and eye sections are not twisted or bent.


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o Check that locking mechanism works properly. Push the keeper into the open position with the mechanism still engaged. If the keeper opens, discard the snaphook immediately.

o Ensure that spring has enough tension to close keeper securely. o Open the keeper and release. The keeper should sit into the bill without binding.

Rope Grab o Make sure that grabs are installed right side

up. Most grabs feature a directional arrow to indicate proper orientation.

o Ensure that proper size lifeline is used. The required size is marked on the rope grab.

o Mount the grab on the lifeline. Pull the grab down sharply. The grab should lock within 30 cm (12 inches).

Lifeline - Lifelines must be at least 16mm diameter polypropylene or material of equal strength. Inspect lines from end to end before installation. Look for cuts, burns, fraying, and chemical or heat damage. Signs of decreased diameter may indicate that line has been involved in a fall arrest and should be discarded.

Lifeline Anchorage o Ensure that lifelines are securely attached to solid anchor points. o Whenever possible, attach only one lifeline to each anchor. o Never anchor to bundles of material that may be moved or depleted through use. Do

not anchor to exposed rebar unless embedment length is adequate.

Control Zones o The use of a Control Zone is prohibited on a surface where the slope exceeds 4 vertical

and 12 horizontal or for scaffold erection and removal. o A Control Zone is used for leading edge or fixed edge work where:

A minimum distance from the edge of 2 m (6.5 ft) is used to protect employees and students, not wearing fall arrest or fall restraint equipment; NOTE: the Control Zone should be expanded during adverse condition, (e.g. slippery roof) or when working at an additional elevation within the "Safe Zone" (e.g. on a step ladder)

Employees or students working within the "control zone" must be using appropriate fall arrest or fall restraint equipment

If work is to be conducted inside the Control Zone warning lines must be installed to identify the Control Zone. The lines must be highly visible and maintained at a height of between 0.85 m and 1.15 m (34" and 45") at intervals not exceeding 1.8 m (6ft).

Fall Protection Planning o Identify all fall hazards anticipated during the course of the project. o Describe the method of access to the work area. o Describe the methods of material and toll handling used on elevated surfaces. o Establish procedures for inspecting fall protection equipment. o Identify the tasks and applications requiring worker fall protection. o Match tasks and applications to appropriate fall protection systems.


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o Describe assembly, maintenance, inspection and disassembly procedures for the fall protection systems used.

o Describe procedures for handling, storing, and securing fall protection equipment. o Describe methods of securing lanyards and lines. o Identify anchor locations. o Identify areas where workers may be exposed to falling objects and define measures for

protecting them. o List workers who have been trained to use safety equipment on the job site. o Describe how workers injured by falls will be rescued and if need be, medically treated. o Post emergency phone numbers and make all workers aware of them. o Describe equipment available for rescue and retrieval. o Post essential elements of the fall protection plan, it utilized, at the work site and, make

all workers aware of them.

Swing Fall: When setting up your system it is important to consider the possibility of a swing fall. This is a pendulum effect that can occur when the anchorage is not located directly above the worker’s head or if the vertical lifeline is not installed and used properly. The swing fall may not be hazardous itself. The hazard exists if, during the swing, the worker comes into contact with any obstruction that may be in the swing area. The injury from a swing fall can be just as serious as falling the same distance straight to the ground.

Static Lines: A static line is a horizontal line attached to two or more fixed anchor points. A fall arrest system can be attached to the static line as long as it meets the following requirements. A static line must:

o Comply with CSA Standard Z259.13-04 Flexible Horizontal Lifeline Systems and CSA Standard Z259.16-04 Design of Active Fall Protection Systems.

o Have a nominal diameter of at least 12.7mm. o Have a vertical support every 9m. o Be equipped with turnbuckles at the ends. Another comparable device may be used as

long as it can be proven to provide equivalent protection. o Be made of Improved Plow Wire Rope. o Be equipped with softeners at all sharp edges. o Components must withstand the maximum expected load or 8kN whichever is greater. o The line must have a maximum deflection when tight of no greater than 381mm.

Meetings and Inspections

Safety meetings are held on the third Friday of every month

Minutes of the meeting are to be written and saved in the safety meeting binder

Representatives of the employees are rotated in order to gain different perspectives in the shop

A first aid attendant must be included in the meeting

Accident investigation reports and inspection reports will be reviewed during the meeting

Unsafe work practices, conditions and safety concerns referred to management by the workers will be reviewed

Monthly safety inspections shall be conducted of the shop by a supervisor and an employee representative

All cranes are subjected to an annual inspection

Crane logs must be filled out on a daily basis by the Shipper

Fire safety inspections are held annually

All chains and slings are subjected to an annual inspection


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Reporting of Hazards If you observe a condition or act that you think is a hazard, correct the situation immediately, if

it is safe to do so. You should then contact your Supervisor and report the situation to them. In addition, if the situation is an imminent danger to you or your coworkers, a “Hazard Report” (X:\Forms\Hazard Report.doc) should be completed and distributed immediately.

Gas Storage and Transportation Policy At no time will gasoline containers be allowed into the shop. The only time gasoline is allowed

into the shop will be in gas-powered equipment. This equipment is to be filled from approved containers at the designated gasoline storage area.

Portable equipment in need of repairs will be taken to the appropriate area for servicing. Hand held gas powered equipment will be serviced in the back shed or repair bench. The fuel systems of portable welders and gasoline powered mobile equipment will be serviced at the mechanics shop.

Transportation of gasoline on site must be done in an approved, sealed container. If a container is being transported in mobile equipment it must be kept clear of all ignition sources. In addition the container must be securely placed or fastened down to prevent accidental discharge of gasoline. Any container that is damaged or leaking will be taken out of service immediately. All fuel tanks and containers must be equipped with a properly functioning and fitted cap.

Welding gases: For the safety of all employees the following steps and instructions must be followed,

o All Gases are to be stored outside in the Metal cage o All empty bottles are to be marked with soap stone Empty and placed along the fence in

the cage. Empty bottles are to be removed from the shop immediately o All full bottles are placed along the wall in the cage o Empty Propane bottles for the Forklifts are to be stored outside the cage on the north

end upside down to indicate empty. Full bottles are located in the cage o All bottles should have the lid removed and valve cracked prior to bringing them into

the shop to ensure the valve is clean and operating correctly. Once this check has been done replace the cap and transport the bottle into the shop

o Once the bottle is in the shop it must be place in its holding saddle and chin fastened serious injury may occur if this is not followed.

o Acetylene and Propane bottles for the cutting torches must be standing for 20 minutes prior to using them.

o Bulk packs of oxygen are stored outside under the stairs and each individual bottle is marked open prior to use.

Emergency Evacuation In any event that result in the need to evacuate a shop structure, as assessed by the

Management, Supervisor or fire marshal, the “SHOP evacuation horn” will be sounded with an air horn blast that is 15 seconds in duration.

At that time all persons in the affected area will immediately shut off any electrically powered machinery under their control and proceed with extreme caution to the designated evacuation area – the truck loading area to be accounted for and given instruction.


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Workplace Hazardous Material Information System - WHMIS The goal of WHMIS is to reduce injury and disease by communicating specific health and safety

information about a controlled product so that the information can be used to reduce exposure to hazardous materials used at work. The WHMIS program also requires both employers and employees to keep informed about how to handle hazardous materials on the work site safely.

All employees are expected to familiarize themselves with the specific hazardous materials they work with. Specific information is available through your specific safe work practice, supplier labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and your supervisor. MSDS Data Sheets are kept in binders in the following locations:

o Foreman’s Office o First Aid Room

When working with any WHMIS controlled substance each employee must know the following information:

o What hazardous materials are you working with and how do you safely use the product? o How do you protect yourself and your coworkers from hazardous exposure to that

material? o What specific personal protective equipment do you require and do you need specific

training on the use of that equipment? (See supplier label) o Where can you get more information on the specific material when needed? (See

supplier label and the MSDS) o How to safely store and label the hazardous products you work with? (supplier label and

the MSDS) o Have a clear understanding of the Emergency Response Procedures (ERP) for the

product you are working with.

Fire Procedure In the event that an employee discovers a small or smoldering fire, following the appropriate

procedures for the type of fire they may attempt to extinguish it with one of the fire extinguishing devices located at various sites throughout the shop. At no time should the employee put themselves at risk or allow the fire to come between themselves and their personal evacuation route. Ensure the fire is completely extinguished before leaving the scene and inform a supervisor. In the event of a large fire, all employees, except the fire crew, will follow the Emergency Evacuation Procedure as outlined in this handbook.

Types of Fires: o Class A: These fires consist of wood, paper, rags, rubbish and other ordinary

combustible materials. Recommended Extinguishers: water from a hose, pump type water can, or

pressurized extinguisher and soda acid extinguishers Fighting the Fire: Soak the fire completely, even the smoking embers

o Class B: Flammable liquids, oil, and greases. Recommended Extinguishers: ABC units, dry chemical, foam and carbon dioxide

extinguishers. Fighting the Fire: Start at the base of the fire and use a swinging motion from

left to right, always keeping the fire in front of you. o Class C: Electrical equipment.

Recommended Extinguishers: Carbon dioxide and dry chemical (ABC units) extinguishers.


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Fighting the Fire: Use short bursts on the fire. When the electrical current is shut off on a Class C fire it can become a Class A fire if the materials around the electrical fire are ignited.

Field Fire Procedure

Determine type of job site and risk of fire. If it is determined that site is no risk, no further action is required other than using safe work practices and good workmanship.

If site is determined to be low to high risk fill out “Hot Work Permit” and use appropriate counter measures to prevent an incident.

Field trucks are equipped with various fire prevention and firefighting equipment, o Fire blankets o Fire extinguishers (type A, B, C) o Welding screens

A “second man” fire watch may be required in situations where there is no clear line of sight to fire hazard area by worker performing the work.

Area may need to be wetted down prior to any hot work being performed.

A fire watch may also be required during breaks and 1 hour after work has been completed.

In the event that an employee discovers a small or smoldering fire, following the appropriate procedures for the type of fire. They may attempt to extinguish it with one of the fire extinguishing devices at hand or in the facility where the work is being performed. At no time should the employee put themselves at risk or allow the fire to come between themselves and their personal evacuation route. Ensure the fire is completely extinguished before leaving the scene and inform a supervisor. In the event of a large fire, all employees, except the fire crew, will follow the Emergency Evacuation Procedure as outlined in this handbook or the facilities procedure.

Rigging Definitions

o “design factor” means the theoretical reserve capability of a product, usually determined by dividing the breaking strength by the working load limit;

o “proof test” means a test applied to a product to determine material or manufacturing defects;

o “rigging” means fiber ropes, wire ropes, chains, slings, attachments, connecting fittings and associated components;

o “working load limit” or “WLL” means the maximum weight or force which a product is authorized by the manufacturer to support in a particular service

Qualified Riggers o Rigging and aligning work must be done by or under the direct supervision of qualified

workers familiar with the rigging to be used and with the code of signals authorized by the board for controlling hoisting operations.

Detaching Loads o Loads to be unhooked by a worker must be safely landed and supported before the

rigging is detached.

Use of Rigging o Rigging and fittings must be used only for the purposes for which they were designed

and manufactured. o The load applied to any rigging or rigging assembly must not exceed the working load

limit.


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Component Identification o Rigging fittings must be marked with the manufacturer’s identification, product

identifier and the working load limit or sufficient information to readily determine the WLL.

o The WLL of existing fittings not identified as specified in subsection (1) must be determined by a qualified person, marked on the fitting and such fittings must be removed from service by January 1, 2001.

Design Factors o The design factors based on breaking strengths for rigging components must be at least

equal to the values given in Table 15-1, except as otherwise specified in this regulation. o The design factors specified by subsection (1) may be reduced for a dedicated rigging

assembly designed and certified by a professional engineer for a specific lift, but the dedicated assembly must be re-rated according to the requirements of subsection (1) for continued use.

o The design factor for any rigging assembly used to support workers must be at least 10.

Wire Rope on Mobile Cranes o The minimum design factor based on breaking strength for wire rope on a mobile crane,

unless otherwise specified by the crane or wire rope manufacturer, is: for conventional wire rope

2.5 for pendant lines,

3 for boom hoist reeving

3.5 for load lines, during erection

3 for pendant lines,

3.5 for boom hoist reeving

3.5 for load lines, at all times except during erection 5 for wire rope of non-rotating construction.

Natural Fibre Rope o Natural fibre rope must not be used for hoisting with a powered hoist.

Wedge Socket Connections o If a wedge socket is used as a wire rope termination, the dead end of the rope must be

secured to prevent release of the wedge or rope slippage at the socket.

Table 15-1: Design factors for rigging Component Design Factor

o Nylon fibre rope sling 9 o Polyester rope sling 9 o Polypropylene roper sling 9 o Alloy steel chain sling 4 o Wire rope sling 5 o Metal mesh sling 5 o Synthetic web sling 5 o Chain fittings 5 o Wire rope sling fittings 5 o Other fittings as specified by manufacturer o Non-rotating wire rope as specified by manufacturer, but not less

than 5 o Conventional wire rope 5


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Open Hook Restriction o A hook must have a safety latch or other means that will retain slings, chains, or other

similar parts, under slack conditions. o A hook used in an application where manipulation of a safety latch or other retaining

means may cause a hazard to a worker or where there is no hazard to a worker if the load becomes dislodged is exempt from the requirements of subsection (1).

Securing Pins o A shackle-pin, heel-pin and similar device must be secured against dislodgment. o The pin in a screw-pin type shackle must be wired or otherwise secured against rotation

when used in applications that may cause the pin to loosen.

Replacing Pins o A shackle-pin must not be replaced with a bolt or other makeshift fitting.

Wire Rope Lubrication o Wire rope must be lubricated periodically as specified by the manufacturer to prevent

strength loss due to premature wear or corrosion.

Securing Ropes to Drums o A rope must be secured to its winding drum, unless the line is required to automatically

disengage from the drum. o A rope must not be fastened to a drum by a knot tied in the rope.

Wraps Required o At least 2 full wraps of rope must remain on winding drums when the load hook is in the

lowest position.

Reeving Lines o Pulling and pulled lines must be connected by a suitable splice, or a cable pulling sock

must fully enclose both line ends whenever a worker may be endangered by failure of the connection between the two lines while reeving lines through sheaves or blocks.

Sheaves o A sheave must:

be correctly sized for the rope have a device to retain the rope within the groove be removed from service if it has a damaged groove or flange

Guy lines o The strength of each guy line and its anchor must exceed the breaking strength of the

load-line rigging arrangement. o A guy line anchor must be placed so that the interior angle, between the guy line and

the horizontal plane, does not exceed 45°. o Guy lines must be arranged so that the hoisting line pull in any direction is shared by 2

or more guys. o Guy lines and anchor systems, if certified by a professional engineer, may deviate from

the requirements of subsections (1) to (3).

Spooling Rope o Rope must be spooled onto a drum according to the manufacturer’s instructions. o Except as provided in subsection (3), workers must not use their hands or feet or any

hand held object to guide the rope onto the drum.


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o In an emergency, a steel guide bar of acceptable design may be used to guide the rope onto the drum, but the line speed must be dept as low as practicable and the worker must be positioned to be clear of the drum.

Hand Signals o If hand signals are used between a signaler and the operator of a crane or hoist to

control hoisting operations, the signals shown in Figure 15-1 must be used. o Designate 1 man as “signal man” and only he can direct crane but in emergency or if a

hazard is noted by others, anyone may stop the lift. o If line of sight is obstructed or visibility is low, radio communication may be used. Again

only one designated person is to direct the crane but any person can stop the lift if they see danger. Ensure radios do not interfere with any other transmissions.


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Figure 15-1: Standard hand signals for controlling crane operations – crawler, locomotive and truck cranes


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Figure 15-1 (continued): Standard hand signals for controlling crane operations – crawler, locomotive and truck cranes


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Figure 15-1 (continued): Standard hand signals for controlling crane operations – crawler, locomotive and truck cranes


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Figure 15-1 (continued): Standard hand signals for controlling crane operations – overhead and gantry cranes


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Termination Efficiencies o The working load limit must be reduced in accordance with the efficiency rating for the

type of termination specified in Figure 15-2, unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer.

Figure 15.2: Termination Efficiencies


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Wire Rope Clips o U-bolt and double saddle type wire rope clips must be installed and used as specified by

the manufacturer. o If the manufacturer’s specification cannot be determined, the number of clips and the

installation torque must be as shown in Table 15-2. o The U-bolt part of a wire rope clip must be installed so that it bears on the unloaded end

of the wire rope. o Malleable cast iron wire rope clips must not be used for hoisting or other critical

applications unless approved by the manufacturer for that purpose.

Wire Rope Splices o Wire rope splices made using wire rope clips must:

use double the number of clips specified by the manufacturer or Table 15-2 for a single loop termination, when forming a lap splice

use the number of clips specified by the manufacturer or Table 15-2 for each loop termination, when forming a double loop splice

Table 15-2: Installation and Use of Wire Rope Clips

Diameter of Rope Number of Clips

Spacing between Clips (centre to centre)

Torque

Millimetres Inches Millimetres Inches Newton Foot lbs

6 1/4 2 38 1 1/2 20 15

8 5/16 2 51 2 41 30

10 3/8 2 57 2 ¼ 61 45

11 7/16 2 64 2 ½ 88 65

13 ½ 3 76 3 88 65

16 5/8 3 102 4 129 95

19 ¾ 4 114 4 ½ 176 130

22 7/8 4 133 5 ¼ 305 225

25 1 4 152 6 305 225

29 1 1/8 5 178 7 305 225

32 1 ¼ 5 203 8 488 360

38 1 ½ 6 229 9 488 360

44 1 ¾ 7 267 10 ½ 630 465

51 2 8 305 12 881 650

54 2 1/8 8 330 13 881 650

57 2 ¼ 8 356 14 881 650

Restriction of Fold Back Eyes o A wire rope termination using a swaged gold back eye must be identified with a serial

number or other unique identification code, proof tested before being placed in service and a record of the proof test dept available for the service life of the termination.

o A swaged sleeve used for a fold back eye must be warranted by the manufacturer of the sleeve for the intended application.

o A swaged fold back eye termination must be identified with the WLL as required by section 15.42.

Wire Rope Rejection Criteria o Wire rope must be permanently removed from service if:


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in funning wire ropes, there are 6 or more randomly distributed wires broken in one rope lay or 3 more wires are broken in one strand in one lay,

in stationary wire ropes, such as guy lines, there are 3 or more broken wires in one lay in sections between end connections, or more than one broken wire within one lay of an end connection,

wear, or the effects of corrosion, exceed 1/3 of the original diameter of outside individual wires,

there is evidence of kinking, bird-caging or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure,

there is evidence of heat or arc damage, or there are reductions of normal rope diameter, from any cause, in excess of:

0.4mm (1/64 in) for diameters up to and including 8mm (5/16 in)

1mm (3/64 in) for diameters greater than 8mm (5/16 in) up to and including 19mm (3/4 in)

2mm (1/16 in) for diameters greater than 19mm (3/4 in) up to and including 29mm (1 1/8 in)

3mm (3/32 in) for diameters greater than 29 mm (1 1/8 in)

Non-rotating Wire Rope o Wire rope with non-rotating construction must be removed from service if:

the rejection criteria in section 15.25 are met there are 2 randomly distributed broken wires in 6 rope diameters there are 4 randomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters

Contact With Electric Arc o A rigging component or a wire rope that has been contacted by an electric arc must be

removed from service until certified safe for continued use by a professional engineer.

Welding o Rigging and fittings which have been repaired by welding must not be placed in service

until certified safe for continued use by a professional engineer. o Alloy steel chain must not be welded or annealed.

Hook Rejection Criteria o A worn or damaged hook must be permanently removed from service if:

the throat opening, measured at the narrowest point, has increased by more than 15% of the original opening

the hook has twisted more than 10° from the original plane of the hook the hook has lost 10° or more of its cross-sectional area the hook is cracked or otherwise defective wear or damage exceeds any criteria specified by the manufacturer

Slings o Standards

Wire rope, alloy steel chain, metal mesh, synthetic fibre rope and synthetic fibre web slings must meet the requirements of ASME B30.9-1990, slings or other standard acceptable to the board, unless otherwise noted in this Part.

o Inspection Before Use Slings and attachments must be visually inspected before use on each shift, and

defective equipment must be immediately removed from service. o Makeshift Fitting Prohibition


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Makeshift couplers, shorteners, hooks or other load bearing attachments for slings, including those made from concrete reinforcing steel must not be used unless the working load limit has been determined and certified by a professional engineer.

o WLL of Slings The determination of the working load limit of a sling assembly must ensure

that the WLL of any individual component of the assembly is not exceeded. The WLL of a sling with more than 3 legs is limited to the WLL of any 3 legs of

the sling. The load carried by any single leg of a bridle sling must not be greater than the

WLL of the leg. o Sling Angles

If a sling is used to lift at any angle from the vertical:

the design factors required by this Part must be maintained

a qualified person or the manufacturer must determine the required reduction of the WLL of the sling, or it must be reduced according to Table 15-3

Table 15-3: WLL Reductions for Slings at an Angle

Angle between the sling leg and vertical Reduce WLL to

up to 30° 90%

over 30° up to 45° 70%

over 45° up to 60° 50%

over 60° not permitted unless part of an engineered lift

o Adverse Conditions

The working load limit of a sling used under adverse conditions, such as in chemically active environments, must be reduced according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

o Proof-testing Slings Before being placed in service any new, repaired or altered sling having welded

couplers or other welded load bearing attachments must be proof tested by the manufacturer, or the manufacturer’s representative or an agency acceptable to the board in the manner specified by the manufacturer.

o Storage A sling must be stored to prevent damage when not in use.

o Knots A sling with a knot must not be used.

o Sharp Edges When a sling is applied to a sharp edge of a load, the edge of the sling must be

protected to prevent damage to the sling. o Slinging Loads

A sling must be selected and used to prevent slipping or overstressing the sling or the load.

A load consisting of 2 or more pieces of material over 3mm (10 ft) long must be slung using a 2 legged sling arrangement positioned to deep the load horizontal


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during the lift, and each sling must be choked around the load with a double wrap.

o Multiple Piece Lifts For a multiple piece lift:

each member of the lift that is being delivered to a different spot must be independently slung back to the main load hook or master link using graduated length slings

a lifted member must not support another lifted member

a crane with power controlled lowering must be used

Wire Rope Slings o Sling Identification

A wire rope sling with a swaged or poured socket or a pressed fitting must be permanently identified with:

its working load limit

the angle upon which the WLL is based

the name or mark of the sling manufacturer o Rejection Criteria

A wire rope sling must be permanently removed from service when the applicable rejection criteria of section 15.25 are found.

A sling with damaged end fittings must not be used. o Prohibited Slings

Wire rope of non-rotating type construction of Lang’s lay type construction must not be used in a sling.

o Temperature Restrictions A wire core rope sling must not be exposed to or used at a temperature above

205°C (400° F) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. A fiber core wire rope sling must not be exposed to or used at a temperature

above 100°C (212° F) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.

Alloy Steel Chain Slings o Sling Identification

An alloy steel chain sling must be permanently identified with:

the size

the manufacturer’s grade and the WLL

the length and number of legs

the name or mark of the sling manufacturer o Chain for Hoisting

Chain used for hoisting must be approved by the chain manufacturer for hoisting.

Proof coil and transport chain must not be used for hoisting. o Chain Removal Criteria

A chain sling must be permanently removed from service or repaired by a qualified person to the original manufacturer’s specifications or to the specifications of a professional engineer if the chain has defects such as stretch or deformation, cracks, nicks or gouges, corrosion pits or burned links.

o Chain Wear A chain sling must be permanently removed from service when the chain link

wear is more than the maximum allowed by the manufacturer.


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If the manufacturer does not specify removal criteria for use in subsection the chain must be permanently removed from service when the chain size at any point of the link is reduced to the values given in Table 15-4.

Table 15-4: Allowable Chain Wear

Chain Size Minimum Allowable Chain Size at Any Point of Link

Millimetres Inches Millimetres Inches

6.3 1/4 5.9 15/64

10 3/8 8 19/64

13 1/2 10 25/64

16 5/8 12 31/64

19 3/4 15 19/32

22 7/8 18 45/64

25 1 21 13/16

29 1 1/8 23 29/32

32 1 1/4 25 1

35 1 3/8 28 1 3/32

38 1 1/2 30 1 3/16

44 1 3/4 36 1 13/32

o Periodic Inspection

A chain sling must be thoroughly inspected at least once each year and a record of the inspection must be kept.

o Temperature Restriction A chain sling must not be exposed to a temperature above 260°C (500°F) unless

otherwise permitted by the manufacturer.

Synthetic Web Slings o Sling Identification

Synthetic fiber web slings must be permanently identified with the:

manufacturer’s name or mark

manufacturer’s code or stock number

working load limits for the types of hitches permitted

type of synthetic web material o Temperature Restriction

Synthetic fiber web slings must not be exposed to a temperature above 82° C (180° F) unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer.

o Synthetic Web Sling Rejection Criteria A synthetic fiber web sling must be removed from service when any of the

following circumstances occurs:

the length of an edge cut exceeds the web thickness;

the penetration of abrasion exceeds 15% of the webbing thickness taken as a proportion of all plies;

abrasion occurs on both sides of the webbing and the sum of the abrasion on both sides exceeds 15% of the webbing thickness taken as a proportion of all plies;


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warp thread damage up to 50% of the sling thickness extends to within 1/4 of the sling width of the edge or exceeds 1/4 of the width of the sling;

warp thread damage to the full depth of the sling thickness extends to within 1/4 of the sling width of the edge or the width of damage exceeds 1/8 the width of the sling;

weft thread damage allows warp thread separation exceeding 1/4 the width of the sling and extends in length more than twice the sling width;

any part of the sling is melted or charred, or is damaged by acid or caustic;

stitches in load bearing splices are broken or worn;

end fittings are excessively pitted or corroded, cracked, distorted or broken;

a combination of the above types of damage of approximately equal total effect are present


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Figure 15-3: Examples of Synthetic Web Sling Rejection Criteria

Metal Mesh Slings o Sling Identification

A metal mesh sling must be permanently identified with:

the manufacturer’s name or mark

the WLL for vertical basket hitch and choker hitch configurations o Rejection Criteria

A metal mesh sling must be removed from service if any of the following damage is visible:

a broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the sling edge;

a broken wire in any part of the mesh;


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reduction in wire diameter of 25% due to abrasion or 15% due to corrosion;

lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh;

distortion of the choker fitting so that the depth of the slot is increased by more than 10%;

distortion of either end fitting so that the width of the eye opening is decreased by more than 10%;

a 15% reduction of the original cross-sectional area of metal at any point around the hook opening or end fitting;

visible distortion of either end fitting;

a cracked end fitting

Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices o Standards

Spreader bars and other specialized below-the-hook lifting devices must be constructed, inspected, installed, tested, maintained and operated according to the requirements of ASME B30.20-1993, Below-the Hook Lifting Devices, or other standard acceptable to the board.

o WLL Spreader bars on other specialized below-the-hook lifting devices must have

their working load limit certified by a professional engineer or established by the lifting device manufacturer.

o Identification A nameplate or other permanent marking must be on a spreader bar or

specialized below-the-hook lifting device and display the:

manufacturer’s name and address

serial number

weight of the device, if more than 45 kg (100 lbs)

working load limit o Part of Lifted Load

A spreader bar and any other specialized below the hook lifting device must be considered part of the lifted load.

Equipment Safety procedures mentioned in this section are only an outline for the on the job training

program. Competency should be evaluated by the trainer. Areas of deficiency should be expanded on.

Shear o Safety glasses must be worn o Always wear gloves due to burrs which can cause serious cuts o Before starting a job ensure material is orderly o The thickness of the plate that is to be sheared must be dialed into the shearing

machine in order to achieve a proper cut o Never turn the machine on with material under the blade or hands near the blade or

dogs. Blade may unexpectedly engage in start up o Never place hands or fingers under the guard o Ensure no one is behind the machine prior to depressing the peddle o Never cut a piece smaller than 1.5 times the thickness of the plate


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o All material must be under a dog prior to stepping in the peddle o For small pieces use the bridging jig to straddle two dogs o Never place your hands under a plate while cutting, always move plate with hands on

top o Check for oil leaks and clean if present as this presents a slipping danger o Do not lift plate over 75lbs, slide it on rollers or use jib crane and fork lifts o Ensure that plate is correctly supported and that clamps are used o When using a crane for shearing make sure there is sufficient slack in the chain to

reduce impact on the crane o If working on the shear with a co-worker “All Clear” should be confirmed before

depressing peddle o All steel should be packaged and bound if shearing is the last stage of the job o Excess material must be put away in the appropriate areas when the job has been

completed o Do not leave excess material leaning up against the wall by the shear

Brake o Try to keep heavier jobs on the hydraulic press and lighter jobs on the mechanical press o Safety glasses must be worn, scale can fly off during bending o Always wear gloves when handling sheared plate due to burrs which can cause serious

cuts o When handling material hold the plate form underneath and not between any solid

objects o When using a crane for forming make sure there is sufficient slack in the chain to reduce

impact on the crane o Ensure the bottom die is set in the centre of the top punch and that everything is bolted

in fully o Maximum capacities are written on the dies. If not confirm with the Shop Foreman prior

to use. o Refer to your tooling catalogue for maximum tonnage per foot and die capacity. Cross

reference with the tonnage chart. o When operating the mechanical brake be extremely careful when entering into a bend

as there is no way to back it out if you are caught in it. The machine has to be stopped, the fly wheel has to be allowed to fully stop and then the motor has to be reversed.

o When operating the mechanical brake ensure that your body and face are well back from the plate as the ram comes down very quickly and the plate comes up very quickly

o Ensure that the dies are clean and that the lag has been removed from the bottom die o Always know what grade of material you are bending o Never hold material within the framework of the press o When operating the brake ensure dies are shimmed properly to produce accurate bends o When stacking pieces after forming stock them in a manner that you can see the bends

to ensure consistency o When making multiple bends layout the bends on a piece of plate prior to starting the

first bend. This ensures that the cut size is correct. o Do not bend through a weld o Do not bend rebar o All steel should be packaged and bound is forming is the last stage of the job o Ensure fluids in machine are full


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o Always determine which dimension must be held for every piece o When forming more than five pieces set stops and work from them

Punch and Ironworker o Safety glasses must be worn, debris may fly when piercing the metal o Always check capacities prior to using the machine o All punch and die sets must have clearance between the diameter of the top die and the

diameter of the bottom die. 1/16” is acceptable for most plate. For gauge plate use a 1/32” clearance to reduce the size of the burr

o Ensure top and bottom dies are oriented correctly and have equal clearance all the way around and are set in place with the set screw. This especially applies to rectangle and oblong punches.

o Keep the machine clear of clutter and do not put tools on work surface. o Be aware that the notcher comes down with the shear o Guards should always be used (notcher, shear guards and front punch guards) o Ensure blade on shear makes full stroke prior to use o Set stroke to minimum required. This limits the ability to get fingers near or under the

work piece o Ensure the hold downs are correctly adjusted. They should be within 1/16” of the

material. Make sure knobs are tight and the hold down dogs are set for the material height. This can be determined many times by the cut quality.

o Use the Jog Mode to check alignment and to set up stops o Keep your hands away when using the machine. If the piece needs to be held ensure

fingers are clear of the table perimeter. o Do not use permanent stroke

Welding o These guidelines are supplementary to the most current edition of the CWB Quality

Procedure Manuals. o Proper welding helmets and gloves are mandatory when welding. o Safety glasses must be worn under a welding helmet. o Welding electrodes should be placed in a metal bucket. o Adequate ventilation must be in place before proceeding. o Welding screens must be used when other employees are in the vicinity of the welding

area. o All employees must wear respirators while welding. o Welders must ensure that the welding area is clear before proceeding. o Welders must ensure that they are not welding near any flammable or combustible

material. o Employees must not look into a welding arc without proper protection unless they are

more than 40’ away. o All employees must follow gas safety procedures. Please see the Gas Storage and

Transportation Policy section for further information. o Employees must ensure that the gas bottles are upright and properly secured prior to

proceeding. o When connecting a bottle to the regulator the employee must stand out of line with the

valve.

Rollers o Employees must wear gloves when handling sheared plate to protect hands from burrs


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o Both sides of the roll must be set the same in order to be equalized so that the top roller comes down evenly

o Be aware loose clothing can become pinched in the rolls o Always adjust jib crane to support the weight of the material but not the rolls o When sliding material out from the rolls ensure the spacer bar is placed between the

rolls so that the top roll doesn’t drop down o Always check for hydraulic leaks

Pipe Bender o Safety glasses must be worn. o Always use caution with loose clothing as it can become caught in the machine o Do not wear gloves when operating the machine. o The area surrounding the pipe bender must be kept clear. o Never stand on the opposite side of the operating control panel. o Do not obstruct the cabinet openings nor insert anything metallic in them. o To avoid fingers being pinched apply formers holding them by their groove. o To avoid fingers being pinched never put fingers between formers and machine body. o In case of emergency press the red emergency button to stop machine operation.

Drill Presses o Safety glasses must be worn o Always use caution with loose clothing as it can be caught in the drill o Dilution of cutting fluid is to be 3:1 ratio for the magnetic drills o Do not drill into the table. Make sure the piece to be drilled is positioned above a hole

or slot or make sure the piece is far enough above the table that when the drill breaks through it does not hit the table

o When drilling any pieces make sure that they are securely clamped o Remember that the radial drill is gear driven and has extreme amounts of torque o When using a production drill jig you can stop the piece from turning with a finger style

hold when using a belt driven drill. When using a gear driven drill use a clamp o The smaller the drill bit the higher the speed you will be running it at o Ensure that the drill bits are sharp. The chances of breakage or injury are greater with a

dull drill bit than with a sharp drill bit o For the magnetic drills make sure the fluid is full and that the magnet is engaged at all

times when in use o When drilling with a magnetic drill outside of the flat position make sure to tie it off as

the magnet will disengage during a power surge or when someone trip over the cord o When drilling with a magnetic drill always centre punch the holes prior to drilling as this

stops the drill from shattering o Some of the heavier hand drills have a lot of torque. The drill may swing around and hit

you

Painting o Safety glasses must be worn o Material and other articles that are under or near the painting area and nearby

machinery must be covered when painting o Waste thinner and waste paint must go into the drum located at the side of the building.

No other material is to go in this drum. o All paint and thinners must be stored in the paint shed when not in use. Do not leave

any cans out in the painting area as this causes a safety hazard


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o The paint gun must be cleaned at the end the day when it has been in use

Burning Table o Burning glasses must be worn o Standard gloves should be worn at all times. Materials are hot o When running the plasma a darker shade in the burning glasses may be required o The drawings must be checked before beginning to determine where the bends will be

so that the correct grain direction of the steel can be chosen o If the shape to be burned is in the burning table’s library and there are multiple pieces

to be burned the machine is to be programmed to repeat the cut for the quantity required

o The torch tip and speed need to be accurately selected from the chart located at the burning table based on the thickness of the plate to be burned

o When possible nesting of the shapes to be cut must be used to more effectively use the available material

o Equipment manual should be reviewed prior to first use. o When using the bulk packs of oxygen only open two to three bottles at a time and mark

the bottles as open with welding chalk o Always monitor hoses for leaks. In the event of a leak shut off main valve and then

repair o If you smell propane turn off all flames, find the propane leak and repair it. Wait for the

propane odor to dissipate before restarting the machine o Propane is heavier than air, it will settle in low points so if you have a leak get down and

check low for odor o If the threads on any of the connections become stripped them must be replaced or the

flame can come out at those points o When lighting the oxygen propane torch light only the propane by turning the valve

slowly o Caution needs to be used when loading and unloading material o Do not stand near plate when it is being as the plate can be unbalanced o Be conscious of your back when unloading the table as the pieces can be heavy

Band Saw o Safety glasses must be worn o Ensure that the guards are in place prior to use o Dilution of cutting fluid is to be a 10:1 ratio on the band saw o The bundling device is to be used to cut multiple pieces o If only one piece is to be cut then the bundling device must be taken out of commission o The cut must be entered into the program so that the clamps are automatically used by

the machine o The maximum speed that the blade should be set at is 225rpm o If the blade jams in a cut or the teeth of the blade break off, the current cut cannot be

completed with a new blade. A new cut must be started. o Keep the floor around the saw clear of cut ends o Excess material must be put away in the appropriate areas after the job has been

completed

Cold Cut Saw o Safety glasses must be worn o Ensure guards are in place


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o Check fluid levels to ensure they are full o Dilution of cutting fluid is to be a 10:1 ratio on the cold cut saw o Make sure filter is clean. Shavings must be cleared off of the machine o The Blade must be sharp when cutting. This can be determined by sound and force

applied. If you have to apply more than 10lbs of force on the lever the blade should be changed. If you operate with a dull blade, the blade will break and fly apart

o The piece that is to be cut must be placed in the machine tightly using the vice before starting the machine

o When operating the saw ensure air compressor is turned on that the vice has sufficient air pressure

o When production cutting be aware that the vice has limited travel. Set the vice 1/16” from the material so that it can slide

o When cutting a miter with the saw make sure the vice is out of the way o Keep floor around the saw clear of cut ends o Excess material must be put away in the appropriate areas after the job has been

completed

Grinders o Wear proper face shield and eye protection during all grinding operations. Use a

respirator when required o Ensure that the guard is in place. Guards may only be removed, and replaced

immediately after, when grinding a tight area o Ensure that grinder stones and discs are matched to the RPM rating of the grinder. A

low-RPM stone or disc may shatter on a high-RPM grinder o Check grinder stones and discs prior to use for nicks, cracks or other defects. Replace

them immediately if they are damaged o Do not use the side of the wheel for grinding unless it is designed specifically for such

use o Ensure loose clothing does not become caught in grinder o For publically exposed pipe ensure that the interior of the pipe is de-burred o Be aware of flying sparks. Hold the grinder so that sparks fly away from you, other

people and flammable materials. o Do not grind with zip discs. Zip discs are for cutting only.

Material Handling As per CSA Standard B335-94 all employees operating a forklift must have successfully

completed forklift training

Employees must ensure that slings and chains are in good repair prior to use. Damaged slings and chains are to taken out of commission immediately and tagged for either repair or replacement.

Employees must follow proper rigging procedures. Please see the Rigging section for more information.

When lifting a load begin the lift slowing to ensure proper balance.

The crane must be centered over the load to be lifted.

Always be aware of the surrounding environment and fellow employees while lifting or moving materials around the shop. Warn other employees when lifting or moving material near them.

Always be aware of pinch points and stay out of the bight.


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Every morning the Shipper is to perform daily inspections of all cranes and forklift using the Daily Inspection Sheet (S:\Forms\Daily Inspection Sheet.xlsx).

Confined Space Guidelines Training

o All workers entering confined spaces shall be trained in the hazards and concepts involved. Retraining and/or review shall occur annually.

o All workers entering confined spaces shall in addition to in house training, receive pre-entry instruction and information that applies to the space through an on-site toolbox meeting.

Written Procedures o WORKPLACE HAZARDS ASSESSMENTS WILL BE PERFORMED PRIOR TO WRITING ANY

WORK PROCEDURES. o For routine entry into confined spaces where jobs and tasks are common to daily

operations a “confined space entry permit” may be used as a written work procedure. Care will be exercised to provide all pertinent information as outlined on the permit as well as attached any supplemental documentation. (i.e. lockout procedures)

o For jobs involving entry into confined spaces outside of the routine realm, supervisory staff may develop additional procedure specific to the project and attach these to the completed entry permit.

o The entry permit and procedures shall be filled out by the supervisor or the site crew leader prior to any entry into a confined space. This document shall remain onsite until conclusion of the entry or end of the work shift.

o Completed permits and supplemental documentation shall be forwarded to the crew supervisor for review and filing.

Personal Protective Equipment o All entry personnel shall employ the appropriate personal protective equipment as it

applies to the job and entry as indicated on the entry permit.

Atmospheric Testing o All entry personnel shall conduct atmospheric testing to determine the nature and

quantity of incidental and produced contaminants. This shall include: o O2 deficiency/enrichment o Combustible gases o Toxic gases o Work procedures shall establish any anticipated contaminants produced by the work

process and incidental contaminants created by the space. o Testing equipment shall be used to identify nature and quantity. o Acceptable safe levels (safe limits/alarm points) o O2 levels shall not drop below 19.5% or reach above 23.5% o Flammable conditions must be less than 10% of the L.F.L./L.E.L o Permissible Concentrations - The maximum concentration of an airborne substance to

which a worker is permitted to be exposed to, over an 8 hour day, 40 hours per week, as outlined in WCB Industrial Health and Safety Regulations – Part 5.

o Short Term Exposure Limit (S.T.E.L.) - In some circumstances, atmospheric conditions may exceed permissible concentrations but are still acceptable if the worker is exposed for a short term. Permissible concentrations of gases with short term exposure limits are not to exceed fifteen minutes duration, with at least sixty minutes between exposures,


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no more than four exposures per day. These concentrations are listed in the WCB Industrial Health and Safety Regulations – Part 5. The fifteen minute exposure limit is considered the maximum allowable concentration or ceiling and is not to be exceeded at any time during the fifteen minute exposure period.

o Immediate Danger to Life or Health - An atmosphere where the concentration of oxygen, flammable or toxic air contaminants would cause a worker without respiratory protection to be fatally injured or would have irreversible and incapacitating effects on the worker’s health.

o Hot Work Hot Work must not take place when atmospheric testing indicated more than

0% of the L.F.L. This may include, but not limited to, welding, cutting, etc. Compressed gas cylinders must not be taken into confined spaces. Welding cutting hoses and nozzles must be tested prior to entry and be free of

leaks. Oxyacetylene torched and hose assemblies must be removed from confined

spaces when not in use. No cigarettes or lighters will be allowed in confined spaces. (Cigarettes can

absorb contaminants and be inhaled at a later time.) Where testing indicates the presence of flammable gases, all sources of ignition

shall be eliminated or controlled immediately. o Ventilation

Atmospheric conditions will be maintained in all confined spaces by proper use of positive forced air ventilation.

Negative forced air ventilation alone shall not be deemed adequate. Local exhaust ventilation shall be used for removal of contaminated air at its source but will not be used as a substitute for general ventilation.

20 air exchanges per hour or 1500 cfm shall be considered the minimum standard or 50 fpm (pipelines) for low hazard conditions. (Large volumes may be required depending on the job.)

All ventilation equipment shall be CSA approved. Ventilation equipment shall be employed and positioned so as to ensure clean

respirable airflow is directed to the workers. Ventilation equipment shall be monitored by surface stand-by workers who

shall be equipped and capable of assisting entry personnel in the event of a ventilation failure.

Natural ventilation is not normally accepted as adequate ventilation and therefore not used in confined spaces.

Where it is necessary to employ ventilating equipment in the presence of hazardous atmospheres it must be intrinsically safe.

o Lockout Before any worker enters a confined space all sources of hazardous energy

involved in the job process must be identified, isolated and/or locked out. Lockout shall be employed as per established lockout procedures. Where4 it is impractical to employ blanks or blinds, as in welded piping systems,

written work procedures shall be developed and implemented to ensure equivalent protection to all workers exposed to the hazard.


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The closing and securing of valves shall not be deemed adequate to isolate workers from hazardous energies. Where such hazardous energies and work processes exist the pipes shall be blanked, blinded or disconnected.

Traffic Control o Traffic control shall be utilized in situations where the movement of vehicular traffic

constitutes a hazard to workers. o Traffic control procedures shall be in conformity with current regulations of:

Department of Highways and public works Municipality having jurisdiction, or Workers Compensation Board

Confined Space Entry Tools and Equipment for use in Hazardous Atmospheres o All tools and equipment must be approved for use in specific hazardous atmospheres. o As an example: (but not limited to)

Intrinsically safe ventilators, gas monitor, radios, lights, etc. Non ferrous metal tools

Emergency Procedures o Emergency procedures and rescue plans must be in place before any entry into confined

spaces. o Emergency procedures and rescue plans must be reviewed and understood by all at a

pre-job toolbox meeting. o A trained standby worker equipped and capable of affecting a rescue must be stationed

immediately outside a confined space in which a worker can become trapped or a harmful atmosphere could affect the ability of the worker to escape without assistance.

o Rescue equipment must be on site. Users must be trained, familiar with and practiced in their use. Equipment may include, but is not limited to:

Respiratory equipment First aid equipment Communication equipment Full body harness Lifelines Man lift device Emergency transport vehicle Fall protection

Confined Space Definition o A space which, because of its construction, location, contents or work activity therein:

Contains or may develop hazardous atmosphere and/or A worker may become entrapped by material or special features of the space

and/or Provides limited or restricted means of entry or exit and/or Is not intended or designed for ongoing regular work activity.

Confined Space Entry Definition o The point where a worker’s head is in a confined space.

Enclosed/Hazardous Space Definition o Any enclosed area other than a confined space in which ordinary job hazards may be

increased because of the enclosure. o Enclosed spaces are different from confined spaces in that they may:

Not contain or develop a hazardous atmosphere and/or


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Have unlimited/restricted means of entry and/or Be meant for frequent or lengthy human occupancy and/or Be designed for ongoing regular work activity or maintenance.

o While the restrictions for entering enclosed spaces may be less strict than those for confined spaces, it may, depending on hazards present or produced, be necessary to take special precautions when work is to be done.

Confined Space Category Decision Tree Is it possible that activities or work to be performed will generate air contaminants? YES NO

Will workers be exposed to Refer to category 1 entry requirements atmospheres or conditions?

YES NO Will, even with mechanical ventilation Refer to category 2 entry requirements hazardous atmospheres exist that are immediately dangerous to life and health? YES NO Refer to category 4 entry requirements Refer to category 3 entry requirements

Category 1 Confined Space o Definition - A low hazard space with access by manhole or hatch, and no direct

exposure to contaminants or other potentially hazardous substances or conditions. Activities or work to be performed will not generate contaminants beyond acceptable levels (alarm points) or create hazardous conditions of any kind. The space will be occupied for less than twenty minutes.

o Entry Requirements Entry and emergency procedures are to be on site and understood by all

workers involved. (Confined space entry permit) Entry permit/record sheet must be filled out correctly prior to entry into the

spaces. Pre-entry testing for O2, combustible and toxic gases must take place prior to

ventilation before entry, and continuously monitored while occupying the space. All results must be recorded.

If, during a pre-entry testing, safe limits are exceeded (alarm is activated) the confined space will be upgraded to a min Category 2.

Continuous communication must be established with a worker outside the space. Man check system.

Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be applied so as to supply a clean source of fresh air as required by the space and work process being performed. 20 air exchanges per hour or 1500 c.f.m. is the required minimum standard.

Banking/blinding and lock out is to be applied as required by WCB regulations, PK Metal Works Ltd. policy and the requirements of the job.

A full body harness shall be worn at all times by all entry personnel.

Category 2 Confined Space o Definition - Spaces with manhole or hatch access and no direct exposure to

contaminants or other potentially hazardous substances or conditions. Activities or work to be performed will or may generate air contaminants, which are controlled to levels below set alarm points of gas monitoring devices. Duration of the entry will exceed 20


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minutes. Atmospheric conditions will not degenerate to conditions exceeding the set alarm points at any time the worker is in the confined space.


workers involved. This can be in the form of a confined space entry permit for routine work and/or additional written procedures for special projects.

Entry permit/record sheet must be correctly filled out before any entry into confined spaces.

Pre-entry testing forO2, combustible and toxic gases must take place prior to ventilation, before entry, and continuously monitored while occupying the space. All result must be recorded.

Should conditions within the space deteriorate, due to the nature of the work process or otherwise, all personnel shall be notified, work stopped, the space evacuated and entry requirements re-evaluated and adjusted to allow for re-entry if required.

A trained competent work acquainted with his/her responsibilities must be in position as safety guard, ready to initiate established emergency procedures and perform appropriate rescue techniques. This safety guard shall establish continuous communication with workers in the space or perform a visual check at intervals not to exceed 20 minutes.

Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be applied so as to supply a clean source of fresh respirable air as required by the space and work process being performed. 20 air exchanges per hour or 1500 c.f.m. is the required minimum standard.

Banking/blinding, and lock out is to be applied as required by WCB regulations, PK Metal Works Ltd. policy and requirements of the job.

A full body harness shall be worn at all times by all entry personnel. Entry personnel shall be attached to an approved man lift device or equivalent

system for entry end egress. Workers entering and traveling in Category 2 confined spaces will be required to

be attached to a lifeline if a harmful atmosphere may realistically develop or the worker may become trapped by material.

If lifelines are required provisions shall be made to avoid entanglement.

Category 3 Confined Space o Definition - A space with a manhole or hatch access and direct exposure to potentially

hazardous atmospheres or conditions. Where hazardous atmospheres may realistically develop to levels above the alarm points but less than levels immediately dangerous to life and health.




Pre-entry testing for O2, combustible and toxic gases must take place prior to ventilation before entry, and continuously monitored while occupying the space. All results must be recorded.


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Fax: 604-882-8799

Should conditions within the space deteriorate, due to the nature of the work process or otherwise, all personnel shall be notified, work stopped, the space evacuated and entry requirements re-evaluated and adjusted to allow for re-entry, if required.

A trained competent worker acquainted with his/her responsibilities must be in position as safety guard, ready to initiate established emergency procedures and perform appropriate rescue techniques. This safety guard shall establish continuous communication with workers in the space or perform a visual check at intervals not to exceed 15 minutes.

Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be applied so as to supply a clean source of fresh respirable air as required b y the space and work process being performed. 20 air exchanges per hour or 1500 c.f.m. is the required minimum standard.


If the space is vacated for longer than 15 minutes, the atmosphere must be re-tested and results recorded prior to re-entry.




If lifelines are required, provisions shall be made to avoid entanglement. Where a safe atmosphere cannot be assured an effective respirator program

must be in place.

Category 4 Confined Space o Definition - A space with a manhole or hatch and direct exposure to potentially

hazardous atmospheres or conditions. Where hazardous atmospheres exist to levels immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH). Any space where even with the use of mechanical ventilation, IDLH condition will be present. No personnel will be authorized to enter confined spaces that have been identified IDLH until all attempts to reduce the IDLH condition to safer levels have failed, supervisory staff have been notified and informed of conditions and approval to proceed has been granted and all Category 4 entry requirements have been strictly followed.




Pre-entry testing for O2, combustible and toxic gases must take place prior to ventilation, before entry, and continuously monitored while occupying the space. All results must be recorded.

Should conditions within the space deteriorate, due to the nature of the work process or otherwise, all personnel shall be notified, work stopped, the space


19469-92nd


Fax: 604-882-8799

evacuated and entry requirements re-evaluated and adjusted to allow for re-entry if required.

A trained competent worker acquainted with his/her responsibilities must be in position as safety guard, ready to initiate established emergency procedures and perform appropriate rescue techniques. This safety guard shall establish continuous communication with workers in the space or perform a visual check at intervals not to exceed 20 minutes.

Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be applied so as to supply a clean source of fresh respirable air as required by the space and work process being performed. 20 air exchanges per hour or 1500 c.f.m. is the required minimum standard.





If lifelines are required, provisions shall be made to avoid entanglement. Where a safe atmosphere cannot be assured an effective respirator program

must be I place involving only positive pressure air supplied respirators. This can include air line respirators, with auxiliary escape air supply egress capacity, or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Entry into a Category 4 Confined Space shall not occur where gas monitor readings indicate an alarm level of 10% or more of the lower flammable level. In the event of this level developing while in the space entry personnel shall leave immediately and all sources of ignition must be controlled or eliminated.

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Health, Safety & Environment Manual Manual Rev.2 - Website Copy.pdf · 2013-01-22 · O:\Company...

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