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HEALTH SITUATIONS/CASEINCIDENCE-LOCAL,NATIONAL and

GLOBAL

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE

:

After 30-40 minutes of lecture-discussion,the

masterand shall acquire knowledge,skills and positiveattitude on the local,national and global health situations.

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:The masterand will be able to:

1.visualize the current health situation

2.identify the current health situations in both local andnational

3.compare the national and local case incidence

4.recognize the current health program

5.know the global heath situations

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TRENDS ON HEALTH ACROSS THE

WORLD

Health is defined by the WHO as A STATE

OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL ANDSOCIAL WELL-BEING AND NOT MERELYTHE ABSENCE OF DISEASE.

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Despite incredible improvements inhealth since 1950, there are still anumber of challenges, which should have

been easy to solve.

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Consider the following:One billion people lack access to health care systems.

36 million deaths each year are caused by noncommunicablediseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes andchronic lung diseases. This is almost two-thirds of the estimated56 million deaths each year worldwide. (A quarter of these take

place before the age of 60.)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one group of

conditions causing death globally. An estimated 17.5 millionpeople died from CVDs in 2005, representing 30% of all globaldeaths. Over 80% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

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Over 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die frommalnutrition and mostly preventable diseases, each year.

In 2008, some 6.7 million people died of infectiousdiseases alone, far more than the number killed in thenatural or man-made catastrophes that make headlines.(These are the latest figures presented by the World HealthOrganization.)

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AIDS/HIV has spread rapidly. UN estimates for 2008 thatthere are roughly:

33.4 million living with HIV

2.7 million new infections of HIV

2 million deaths from AIDS

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Tuberculosis kills 1.7 million people each year, with 9.4

million new cases a year.

1.6 million people still die from pneumococcal diseasesevery year, making it the number one vaccine-preventablecause of death worldwide. More than half of the victims

are children. (The pneumococcus is a bacterium thatcauses serious infections like meningitis, pneumonia andsepsis. In developing countries, even half of those childrenwho receive medical treatment will die. Every second

surviving child will have some kind of disability.)

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Malaria causes some 225 million acute illnesses and over780,000 deaths, annually.

164,000 people, mostly children under 5, died frommeasles in 2008 even though effective immunization costsless than 1 US dollars and has been available for more

than 40 years.

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These and other diseases kill more people each year thanconflict alone. These are the facts that remains unchangedand inspite of the major advancement in technologies and

medicine, the fact remains that optimum health for allremains a dream.

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MORBIDITY: TEN LEADING CAUSES REGION VIINumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008

CAUSES RATE1.ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION 4,125.95

2.PNEUMONIA 1,008.18

3.DIARRHEA 756.86

4.CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 525.95

5.FEVER 277.71

6.INFLUENZA 256.86

7.INJURIES 156.91

8.DERMATOSES 130.63

9.BITES 70.46

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MORBIDITY: TEN LEADING CAUSES- NATIONALNumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008SOURCE:DOH FHSIS 2008

CAUSES RATE

1.ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

INFECTION & PNEUMONIA 809.9

2.BRONCHITIS/BRONCHIOLITIS 723.6

3.ACUTEWATERY DIARRHEA 707.6

4.INFLUENZA 476.5

5.HYPERTENSION 448.8

6. TB RESPIRATORY 134.1

7.DISEASES OF THE HEART 51.5

8.MALARIA 42.3

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MORTALITY: TEN LEADING CAUSES REGION VIINumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008SOURCE:DOH FHSIS 2008

CAUSES RATE

1.CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 68.67

2.PNEUMONIA 48.68

3.MALIGNANCY 29.32

4.CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 14.55

5.SEPSIS 11.44

6.DISEASES OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM 10.51

7.INJURIES 9.36

8.DIABETES MELLITUS 7.57

9.PEPTIC ULCER 6.55

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MORTALITY: TEN LEADING CAUSES-NATIONALNumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008SOURCE: DOH FHSIS 2008

CAUSES RATE

1.DISEASES OF THE HEART 95.5

2.DISEASES OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM 63.8

3.MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS 49.5

4.ACCIDENTS 41.6

5.PNEUMONIA 40.2

6.TB,ALL FORMS 29.7

7.CHRONIC LOWER RESPIRATORY DISEASES24.4

8.DIABETES MELLITUS 23.3

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MATERNAL MORTALITY, LEADING CAUSESPER 100,000 LIVEBIRTHS AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

REGION VII

CAUSES RATE

1. HYPERTENSION OF PREGNANCY- 3.33

2.PLACENTAL RETENTION- 12.50

3.SEPSIS PUERPERAL- 12.50

4.UTERINE ATONY- 12.50

SOURCE:DOH FHSIS 2008

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MATERNAL MORTALITY, LEADING CAUSESPER 100,000 LIVEBIRTHS AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

NATIONAL2008

CAUSES RATE

COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO 1.0

PREGNANCY IN THE COURSE OF LABOR,

DELIVERY & PUERPERIUM

2.HYPERTENSION COMPLICATING 0.4PREGNANCY,CHILDBIRTH AND PUERPERIUM

3.POSTPARTUMHEMORRHAGE 0.3

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REASONS FOR INFANT DEATHS: TEN LEADING CAUSES-REGION VIINumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008

CAUSES RATE

1.PNEUMONIA 1.11

2.PREMATURITY 0.94

3.CONGENITAL ANOMALY 0.91

4.RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME 0.53

5.ASPHYXIA 0.39

6.DIARRHEA 0.31

7.SEPSIS 0.27

8.CEREBRAL HYPOXIA 0.12

9.BRONCHOPNUEMONIA 0.11

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REASONS FOR INFANT DEATHS: TEN LEADING CAUSES-NATIONALNumber & Rate/100,000 Population

5 year average 2008

CAUSES RATE1.BACTERIAL SEPSIS OF NEWBORN 1.9

2.RESPIRATORY DISTRESS OF NEWBORN 1.4

3.PNEUMONIA 1.2

4.DISORDERS RELATED TO GESTATION AND 1.0

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

5.CONGENITAL MALFORMATION OF THE HEART0.8

6.CONGENITAL PNUEMONIA 0.8

7. NEONATAL ASPIRATION SYNDROME 0.7

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UHC to Address Inequity in the Health System

Universal Health Care

-Kalusugan Pangkalahatan

Aim:to ensure that every Filipino shall receive affordableand quality health benefits

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UHCs Three Thrusts

1.Financial Risk Protection

2.Improved Access to Quality Hospitals and Health CareFacilities

3. Attainment of Health-related MDGs

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LEADING CAUSES OF NCD DEATHS 2008WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

NCD DEATHS

1.CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES-17 million deaths

2.CANCERS-7.6 million deaths

3.RESPIRATORY DISEASES-4.2 million deaths

(including Asthma and COPD)

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Causes of Maternal Mortality

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WHO PROGRAMS

High-level UN group aims to help countriesimprove nutrition

WHO joins call for renewed focus on familyplanning

Prequalification of medicines saves lives

New food safety standardsHealthy diet policies reduce deaths from

cardiovascular disease

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Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

eradicating extreme poverty and hunger,

achieving universal primary education,

promoting gender equality and empoweringwomen

reducing child mortality rates,

improving maternal health,

combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases,

ensuring environmental sustainability, and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_povertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_poverty